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Canada's contribution to the organization's unified budget covers the costs associated with the implementation of the organization's work programs and activities in three dimensions: political and military aspects of security; economic and environmental cooperation; and cooperation in humanitarian and other fields. This integrated approach allows the OSCE to make a significant contribution to furthering European security and transatlantic cooperation through non-coercive measures. Canada's contribution also supports stronger partnership with Canadians in developing and implementing Canada's international security policy, through the involvement of members of Parliament in the work of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the deployment of Canadians to OSCE field operations, and the contribution of Canadian experts to the organization.

The OSCE unified budget, based on a programmatic approach, is approved by the OSCE Permanent Council on a yearly basis. The OSCE accounts are subject to an annual report by external auditors as well as an internal oversight annual report that are made available to participating states.

Expected Results: The OSCE budget supports the programs of the OSCE Secretariat in Vienna, as well as the OSCE institutions (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Representative on Freedom of the Media, and High Commissioner on National Minorities) and the organization's 18 field missions. The results expected include effective and timely implementation of the decisions of the OSCE Permanent Council; continuous monitoring of the security and stability situation in Europe; concerted programming to actively contribute to conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post-conflict institution building; and proper management of the organization's resources.

Expected Results:

• Canada's leadership in the promotion of effective multilateralism in the Americas is enhanced through the strengthening of the capacity of the OAS to advance Canadian priorities in the areas of democratic governance, human rights, security and social and economic well-being. Outputs include strengthened OAS capacity in electoral processes special missions and reinforced cooperation on security-related issues (illicit drug trafficking, transnational organized crime, counterterrorism, confidence-building measures, and strengthened human rights regional bodies).
• The OAS is positioned as a key forum for the reinforcement of the Summit of the Americas process, through the regularization of the Summit of the Americas and improved coordination and coherence among institutions supporting the Summit process, which is key to Canada's ability to shape and influence the hemispheric agenda.
• Canada's engagement in the Americas is enhanced through continued support for the OAS special missions in Haiti and Colombia.
• Through cooperation on issues of common concern at the OAS, Canada's key bilateral relationships (with the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Chile and the Caribbean) are enhanced.
• Enhanced accountability, transparency and effectiveness of the OAS General Secretariat is achieved through Canadian support for management reform and the implementation of results-based management.

Expected Results: To fulfill Canada's international obligations to foreign diplomatic and consular missions pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations as well as obligations pursuant to headquarters agreements in force between Canada and international organizations.

This fund helps to promote Canadian interests and is consistent with political and economic objectives Canada has set itself for La Francophonie. It also promotes active participation from the Government of New Brunswick in summits, ministerial conferences and other related Francophonie activities.

Expected Results: Because of Canada's contribution to this unique multilateral fund, over 80 projects and initiatives have been realized to contribute to the development of Southern countries in Asia and Eastern Europe that are members of the Francophonie. Some of these projects have been conducted by Canadian organizations and institutions, which allowed Canada to demonstrate its know-how and expertise throughout the international Francophonie.

• Canadian Studies abroad;
• scholarships and fellowships; and
• international education policy within a multilateral framework in cooperation with provincial education ministries.

The grants and contributions in aid of academic relations aim to:

• support public diplomacy and advocacy by fostering partnerships, cooperation and linkages between Canadian and international individuals and institutions in the area of education; establishing a network of international experts on Canada to advance Canada's interests abroad; promoting public discussion of key issues through networking, exchanges and conferences; and
• advance Canada's global citizenship (in support of the international assistance envelope) through scholarships and other programs that promote academic cooperation and mobility with developing countries.

Expected Results:

• Creating and expanding a network of well-informed foreign professionals and leaders with sustained interest in Canada;
• Nurturing and reinforcing links and exchanges between Canadian and foreign partners (academics, researchers, students, young people); and
• Providing informed and relevant policy advice on education-related issues.

Expected Results: Canada's contribution to the OIF supports a large array of initiatives, such as the realization of specific projects in response to needs expressed by countries or admissible organizations for the preparation of conferences or symposiums, and the implementation of action plans adopted during summits. These initiatives can come from Canadian organizations, institutions or Francophonie operators.

Expected Results: Much of the regular budget is directed to supporting and implementing the decisions of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings and a large web of regular meetings of Commonwealth sectoral ministers including, for example, the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group and Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Finance, Health and Education.

Results include diplomatic interventions in the form of good offices and public pressure by the Secretariat and/or coordinated action by Commonwealth ministers to support democratic institutions and procedures; programs to build capacity in democratic and human rights procedures; and enhanced cooperation among Commonwealth countries related to economic, social and political development.

Expected Results: Achieving food security for all is at the heart of FAO efforts: to make sure people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives. FAO's mandate is to raise levels of nutrition, improve agricultural productivity, better the lives of rural populations and contribute to the growth of the world economy.

FAO's objectives, as set out in its constitution, are:

• to promote the common welfare by furthering action for the purpose of: raising levels of nutrition and standards of living of the peoples within member nations;
• to secure improvements in the efficiency of the production and distribution of all food and agricultural products, including fisheries, marine products and forestry products; and
• to better the condition of rural populations.

Thus contributing toward an expanding world economy and ensuring humanity's freedom from hunger.

Expected Results: Membership in the WTO helps Canada open world markets and contribute to a more stable, predictable and transparent trading environment. Canada continues to participate in the Doha Development Round of multilateral negotiations, and Canada will continue to engage other members to advance progress in the round and to secure a good deal for Canada's producers, manufacturers and services providers. We are seeking an ambitious outcome to the negotiations to provide a more level playing field for Canadian exporters competing in global markets, while increasing Canadian and global economic growth, prosperity and development. Canada is also seeking an outcome to the round that strikes a balance between development objectives, developing countries' concerns and Canadian commercial interests that would lead to better integration of developing countries into the world trading system. Achieving consensus among 151 members on multiple issues can be difficult and time-consuming; therefore, it is difficult to estimate when the Doha trade negotiations will conclude.

Expected Results: The projection of Canadian values abroad, the preservation of Canadian national security, the strengthening of international stability and security, the promotion of world economic growth and prosperity, and support for multilateral institutions and mechanisms. In addition:

• effective and efficient implementation of the IAEA's major programs as reflected in the Agency's biannual program and budget;
• increased profile for Canada in the Agency's activities;
• direct and indirect technical and commercial dividends to the Canadian nuclear industry; and
• IAEA actions and decisions consistent with Canadian foreign policy priorities.

Four strategic objectives guide the ILO program and budget:

• to promote and realize standards and fundamental principles and rights at work;
• to create greater opportunities for women and men to secure decent employment and income;
• to enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all; and
• to strengthen tripartism and social dialogue.

Expected Results:

• Development and effective supervision of international labour standards and realization of fundamental principles and rights at work;
• Targeted action against child labour, giving priority to the urgent elimination of its worst forms;
• Contributions to poverty reduction through promotion of coherent economic and social policies that support employment creation;
• Assistance to constituents in the development of skills and employability policies and programs for decent work;
• Better instruments and tools for policy analysis and formulation that support good governance and the extension of social protections to vulnerable workers;
• Strengthened social dialogue on labour and social policy issues at national and international levels; and
• Improved organizational effectiveness, transparency and accountability.

Expected Results: The NATO civil budget enables the operations of the NATO Secretariat and agencies. The results achieved include effective decision making by the alliance in pursuit of NATO objectives of stability and security in Afghanistan, the North Atlantic region and beyond, support to NATO operations, timely implementation of decisions taken by the North Atlantic Council, appropriate response to current and emerging defence and security challenges, enhanced relations with NATO partners and cooperation with other international organizations, and proper management of the alliance's resources.

Expected Results: Implement OECD work programs and policy positions that reflect input from across government and support domestic priorities; find solutions to common economic problems by working cooperatively with members (soft law, guidelines, agreements); influence the policy development of other members and non-members to improve the functioning of the international economic environment; and analyze new and emerging issues, both domestic and global, that impact our economy and standard of living. Continued sound management of the OECD; institutional reforms to improve the OECD's ability to cope with new issues and power dynamics; OECD enlargement; and improved engagement with non-members reflecting Canadian priorities to increase the long-term effectiveness of the organization.

Expected Results:

• Universal primary education in all countries by 2015;
• Gender disparities in primary and secondary education eliminated or greatly reduced in most member states;
• Preparation, launch and implementation of a 10-year UN Literacy Decade and Plan of Action in order to reach the target of achieving a 50% improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015;
• Comprehensive and broad-based HIV/AIDS education and prevention campaigns conducted, particularly among the 15-24 age group in Africa and South Asia;
• Impact of HIV/AIDS pandemic on educational capacities assessed;
• Implementation of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions;
• Implementation of the International Convention Against Doping in Sport;
• Protection of world cultural and natural heritage through the implementation of the World Heritage Convention;
• Increased scientific cooperation to improve management of the planet's water resources; and
• Development of free, independent and pluralistic media.

Expected Results: Maintenance of international peace and security and the promotion of sustained economic growth and sustainable development in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, progress in the development of Africa; the promotion of human rights; effective coordination of humanitarian assistance efforts; promotion of justice and international law; progress toward disarmament; and international cooperation for drug control, crime prevention and the combatting of international terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.

Expected Results:

• Enhanced global health security (maintaining a comprehensive outbreak alert and response mechanism supported by new international health regulations; responding rapidly and effectively in crisis situations);
• Accelerated progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (reducing maternal mortality, improving child survival, addressing the global pandemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, promoting healthy environments, increasing access to essential medicines);
• Promotion of equity in health (strengthening health systems to reach the poor and disadvantaged); and
• Ensured accountability, by improving organizational effectiveness, transparency and accountability.

Expected Results: Through Canada's support to the ICC, Canada has provided leadership in promoting accountability for the most serious criminal acts known to humankind. Canada was a key player in the creation of the ICC and has been successful in strengthening the role of the ICC as a main instrument in the global fight against impunity. This is a relatively new international organization; therefore, budget increases are anticipated. The first ICC trial commenced in November 2006; and a second accused was surrendered to the Court in October 2007.

Expected Results:

• A reduced threat from WMD for Canadians and a more secure national and international environment, as a result of material safely stored, facilities secured and expertise redirected; and
• Strengthening the international non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament regime and achieving Canada's domestic and international security objectives.

Expected Results:

• Rapid, integrated and better-coordinated Canadian responses to international requirements for short- and medium-term crisis prevention, stabilization, peacebuilding and reconstruction;
• Improved Canadian contributions to the mitigation of natural disasters and complex emergencies and the restoration of peace, security, the rule of law and legitimate government in fragile states; and
• Expanded global and regional capacity for peace operations.

The ultimate result of the GPSF and its component programs is an improved Canadian contribution to peace and security and the safety and well-being of beneficiaries living in targeted areas.

Expected Results:

• Enhanced peace and security for the countries and regions concerned; and
• Increased levels of security, basic services and levels of governance provided in affected areas, which will promote advanced prospects for peace as well as enable reconstruction and development activities.