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Horizontal Initiatives

1. Name of Horizontal Initiative: National Anti-Drug Strategy

2. Name of lead department(s): Department of Justice

3. Lead department program activity: Justice policies, laws and programs

4. Start date of the Horizontal Initiative: 2007-08

5. End date of the Horizontal Initiative: 2011-12 and ongoing

6. Total federal funding allocation (start to end date): $527.9 millions

7. Description of the Horizontal Initiative (including funding agreement):

The National Anti-Drug Strategy (NADS) was launched by the Government of Canada in 2007, with a clear focus on illicit drugs and a particular emphasis on youth. Its goal is to contribute to safer and healthier communities through coordinated efforts to prevent use, treat dependency and reduce production and distribution of illicit drugs. It encompasses three action plans: prevention, treatment and enforcement.

The prevention action plan supports efforts to prevent youth from using illicit drugs by enhancing their awareness and understanding of the harmful social and health effects of illicit drug use, and to develop and implement community-based interventions and initiatives to prevent illicit drug use. The treatment action plan supports effective treatment and rehabilitation systems and services by developing and implementing innovative and collaborative approaches. The enforcement action plan aims to contribute to the disruption of illicit drug operations in a safe manner, particularly targeting criminal organizations.

8. Shared outcome(s):

• Reduced demand for illicit drugs in targeted populations and areas;
• Reduced impacts of illicit drug use through prevention and treatment efforts; and
• Reduced supply of illicit drugs.

9. Governance structure(s):

The governance structure of the Strategy consists of an Assistant Deputy Minister Steering Committee and working groups on policy and performance, prevention and treatment, enforcement, and communications. The governance structure is supported by the Youth Justice, and Strategic Initiatives and Law Reform Section of the Department of Justice Canada.

The Assistant Deputy Minister Steering Committee (ADMSC), which is chaired by the Department of Justice Canada, oversees the implementation of the Strategy, making decisions necessary to advance the initiative, where required, and ensuring appropriate and timely outcomes for the initiative and accountability in the expenditure of initiative resources. The ADMSC prepares questions for the consideration of Deputy Ministers, where appropriate.

The Prevention and Treatment Working Group, chaired by Health Canada, oversees the implementation of the Prevention and Treatment Action Plans. The Enforcement Working Group, chaired by the Department of Public Safety Canada, oversees the implementation of the Enforcement Action Plan. The Policy and Performance Working Group, chaired by the Department of Justice Canada, oversees policy directions and outcomes for the Strategy and the work of the Sub-Committee on Evaluation and Reporting. The Communications Working Group, chaired by the Department of Justice Canada, oversees communication of the Strategy including, making decisions necessary to advance communication of the initiative and ensuring coordination of communication.

10. Planning Highlights:

For 2011-12, the 12 federal partner departments and agencies involved in the NADS (the Strategy) will continue to implement the Strategy as planned, with its focus on contributing to safer and healthier communities through coordinated efforts to prevent use, treat dependency, and reduce the production and distribution of illicit drugs. As this is the last year for the current Strategy, planning has commenced for Strategy renewal and this process will likely culminate sometime in the latter half of the fiscal year with proposals to set the course for the next phase of the Strategy. In addition, as is required by the accountability structure for the Strategy, an impact evaluation has been initiated and that evaluation will be completed within the 2011-12 fiscal year.

The overall operating environment for the Strategy may change if the Bill (S-10) proposing mandatory minimum penalties (MMPs) for serious drug offences is passed by Parliament, although the affected Strategy partners have plans in place to meet this challenge.

The following tables present the expected results for each federal partner's program activities.

11. Federal Partner: Department of Justice
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
A1 - Justice policies, laws and programs	a. Drug Treatment Courts	$16.2M	$3.6M
	b. Youth Justice Fund (Treatment Action Plan)	$6.8M	$1.5M
	c. Justice Canada Lead Role for the National Anti-Drug Strategy	$1.4M	$0.3M
C1 - Internal Services	d. Justice Canada Lead Role for the National Anti-Drug Strategy	$1.5M	$0.3M
	e. National Anti-Drug Strategy	$0.3M	$0.1M
Total		$26.2M	$5.8M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Drug Treatment Courts: Reduced drug substances relapse among drug treatment court clients.

Youth Justice Fund:

Overall Results:

• To work collaboratively with interested provinces and territories as well as other stakeholders in order to identify gaps in drug treatment programs for youth in the justice system.
• To introduce, pilot and evaluate a number of drug treatment options for youth involved in the youth justice system in communities.
• To share knowledge of the piloted drug treatment programs and promising practices with provinces and territories as well as other interested stakeholders.

Immediate Outcomes:

• Projects on treatment services and program enhancements.
• Enhanced capacity to plan/deliver a range of treatment services and programs to targeted populations.

Intermediate Outcomes:

• Increased availability of and access to effective treatment services and programs for targeted populations in areas of need.
• Improved treatment systems, programs and services to address illicit drug dependency in targeted populations in areas of need.

Justice Canada Lead Role for the National Anti-Drug Strategy (Justice policies, laws and programs):Effective leadership of the federal response to concerns around illicit drug prevention, treatment and enforcement through:

• exercising overarching responsibility for policy and coordination;
• maintaining the NADS Governance Structure;
• leading and coordinating all NADS communications activities;
• taking lead responsibility for accountability, evaluation and performance reporting; and
• leading the process for Strategy renewal for 2011-12.

Justice Canada Lead Role for the National Anti-Drug Strategy (Internal Services): Effective leadership of the federal response to concerns around illicit drug prevention, treatment and enforcement through:

• exercising overarching responsibility for policy and coordination;
• maintaining the NADS Governance Structure;
• leading and coordinating all NADS communications activities;
• taking lead responsibility for accountability, evaluation and performance reporting; and
• leading the process for Strategy renewal for 2011-12.

11. Federal Partner: Health Canada
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
3.4.3 Controlled Substances	a. Mass Media Campaign (Prevention Action Plan)	$29.5M	$6.9M
	b. Drug Strategy Community Initiatives Fund (Prevention Action Plan)	$55.2M	$11.0M
3.4 Substance Use and Abuse	c. Drug Treatment Funding Program (Treatment Action Plan)	$122.0M	$32.9M
4.1.1.2 First Nations and Inuit Mental Health and Addictions	d. National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program (NNADAP) (Treatment Action Plan)	$35.5M	$10.1M
3.4.3 Controlled Substances	e. Office of Controlled Substances (Enforcement Action Plan)	$12.7M	$4.2M
	f. Drug Analysis Services (Enforcement Action Plan)	$11.7M	$4.3M
		$3.4M [1]	$0.9M [1]
Total		$270.0M	$70.3M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Mass Media Campaign:The mass media campaign plans to enhance the capacity of targeted populations to make informed decisions about illicit drug use. The mass media campaign will be measured by the change in the level of awareness, attitude, knowledge and capacity among targeted populations pertaining to their decisions regarding illicit drug use, related risk-taking behaviour and associated consequences. This will be conducted through post campaign public opinion research with both youth 13-15 years of age and their parents, and measured against the baseline surveys that were conducted with parents in 2008 and with youth in 2009. Other evaluation metrics will include: website statistics, Facebook fans, engagement, booklet downloads, calls to 1-800-O-Canada and the number of booklets ordered/shipped.

Drug Strategy Community Initiatives Fund (DSCIF): DSCIF plans to enhance the capacity of targeted populations to make informed decisions about illicit drug use. The program's success and progress will be measured by the level/nature of acquired or improved knowledge/skills to avoid illicit drug use within the targeted population, and will be measured by evidence that capacity changes are influencing decision-making and behaviours around illicit drug use and associated consequences in targeted populations.

DSCIF also plans to strengthen community responses to illicit drug issues in targeted areas, and will measure their progress based on the type/nature of ways that community responses have been strengthened in targeted areas. For example, the adoption/integration of evidence-informed/best practices within the targeted areas will indicate the program's contribution to this outcome.

Drug Treatment Funding Program (DTFP): DTFP plans to increase the availability of and access to effective treatment services and programs for at-risk youth in areas of need. The program's success and progress will be measured by the type/nature of treatment services and supports that have been made available, and by the program/service utilization trends associated with their populations and areas of need. DTFP also seeks to enhance capacity to plan/deliver a range of treatment services and programs to targeted populations. This will be measured by the extent to which P/T jurisdictions show evidence of building capacity (e.g., training activities, increased number of counsellors, wider range of services, etc.), and the type/nature of capacity enhancements, treatment services and supports for people residing in Downtown Eastside Vancouver by populations targeted (e.g., youth, Aboriginal populations, sex trade workers and ex-offenders). DTFP is also expecting to improve collaboration on responses and knowledge of treatment issues, which will be measured by the nature, scope and depth of collaborative activities within and among jurisdictions and stakeholders; and stakeholder perceptions on the extent to which responses to DTFP treatment issues are collaborative (e.g., lessons learned). Ultimately the DTFP is working towards improving treatment systems, programs and services to address illicit drug dependency of affected Canadians.

National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program: First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB) plans to increase the availability of and access to effective treatment services and programs for First Nations and Inuit populations in areas of need (as determined by regional needs assessments). The progress of this plan will be measured by the nature of new or enhanced services that have been made available through funding in targeted areas and are based on research or best practices. FNIHB also plans to improve treatment systems, programs and services to address illicit drug dependency in First Nations and Inuit populations in areas of need. The progress of this plan will be measured by:

• the proportion of treatment facilities accredited;
• the proportion of addictions counsellors in treatment centres who are certified;
• the changes in stakeholder perceptions regarding the extent to which treatment services have been improved in Strategy-supported investment areas; and
• the types of collaborative/partnerships with Aboriginal organizations to strengthen systems, programs and services.

Office of Controlled Substances: The Office of Controlled Substances (OCS) plans to reduce the risk of diversion of precursor chemicals by using Strategy funding to improve processes for the issuance of precursor licences and permits. This will include reviewing and streamlining guidance provided to regulated parties involved in carrying out activities with precursor chemicals, and to law enforcement regarding the application for authorization to dispose of seized controlled substances. It will also include improving the tools used to record losses and thefts reported to the OCS by regulated parties.

Drug Analysis Services: Drug Analysis Services (DAS) plans to improve drug enforcement intelligence and evidence, and to increase safety in dismantling illicit drug operations. The success and progress of this plan will be measured by: the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the benefit and timeliness of DAS contributions to court/police responses; the number and nature of injuries to law enforcement officers/other first responders; and the level of additional risk to the environment during the investigation and dismantling of illegal drug operations.

11. Federal Partner: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.4 Health and Health Services Advances	Research on Drug Treatment Model (Treatment Action Plan)	$4.0M	$1.0M
Total		$4.0M	$1.0M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Research on Drug Treatment Model: Continue to improve the state of knowledge and its translation with respect to treatment and understanding of the consequences of illicit drug use.

To address this, in 2011-12, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) will be evaluating mid-term reports of five year team grants on substance abuse to determine progress on the objectives, which are to:

• Generate high-quality research that addresses an important health and disease, health care or health system problem or issue which is best approached through a collaborative team;
• Provide superior research training and mentorship environments; and
• Produce new knowledge and the translation of research findings into improvements in the health of Canadians and the Canadian health care system.

CIHR will also review end of grant reports for one year grants funded in 2010-11 to determine if the objectives have been achieved, which were to:

• Generate preliminary observations, data or knowledge, or to facilitate team formation, as a first step towards the pursuit of more comprehensive funding opportunities by researchers or teams of researchers;
• Generate high impact results and/or innovative research proposals, research tools, techniques, devices, inventions, or methodologies;
• Produce scoping reviews and syntheses that respond to the information needs of knowledge users in the areas of prevention and treatment of illicit drug use;
• Support the use of synthesis evidence in decision making by building integrated and end-of-grant knowledge translation practices into the production of scoping reviews and syntheses; and
• Extend the benefits of knowledge synthesis to new kinds of questions relevant to knowledge users and areas of research that have not traditionally been synthesized.

CIHR has also launched new competitions for the same one year grants with similar objectives, which will be funded in 2011-12.

A workshop will be held in Fall 2011 to reunite the researchers funded under the Substance Abuse Initiative to:

• Share current knowledge and research results;
• Establish networks of researchers and partners (federal departments, provincial agencies, NGOs); and
• Identify knowledge translation opportunities and provide feedback to CIHR for a knowledge translation.

11. Federal Partner: Public Safety
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.3 Countering Crime	a. National Coordination of Efforts to Improve Intelligence, Knowledge, Management, Research, Evaluation (Enforcement Action Plan)	$4.0M	$0.8M
	b. Crime Prevention Funding and Programming: Crime Prevention Action Fund (Prevention Action Plan)	$20.0M	$15.8M
Total		$24.0M	$16.6M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

National Coordination of Efforts to Improve Intelligence, Knowledge, Management, Research, Evaluation:

• Safer communities and more effective policing through strategic national law enforcement policies.

Crime Prevention Funding and Programming:

• Effective evidence-based responses to substance use and abuse and crime related issues in communities.
• Positive changes in risk and protective factors among targeted populations.

11. Federal Partner: Royal Canadian Mounted Police
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.1.2.7	a. Drug and Organized Crime Awareness Services (Prevention Action Plan)	$12.9M	$3.0M
3.5.2 Community and Youth Programs	b. National Youth Intervention and Diversion Program (Treatment Action Plan)	$3.6 M	$0.8 M
1.1.2.9	c. Marijuana and Clandestine Lab Teams/Proceeds of Crime (Enforcement Action Plan)	$85.2M	$26.2M
PWGSC Accommodations		$2.3M	$0.5M
Total		$104.0M	$30.5M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Drug and Organized Crime AwarenessServices: Reduction of the demand for illicit drugs in targeted populations (e.g., youth and Aboriginal youth), as well as within the general public, through community partnership and education in view of creating awareness of the health consequences related to substance use.

The Drugs and Organized Crime Awareness Service (DOCAS) remains committed to providing Canadians with the tools needed to deal with substance use/abuse and expects a reduction of negative impacts on health and society along with a decrease of criminal activities linked to illicit drug use.

National Youth Intervention and Diversion Program:

• Increased police awareness of risk and protective factors of youth offenders and victims.
• Increased community satisfaction with RCMP youth-related services.
• Increased police awareness of community-based youth-serving resources and referral procedures.
• Increased referrals to youth addictions treatment and intervention programs by police.

Marijuana and Clandestine Lab Teams/Proceeds of Crime:

• Development of transnational partnerships to address issues regarding the globalization of the precursor chemical industry and its impact on communities.
• Enhanced ability to identify, disrupt and dismantle organized crime groups profiting from the production and trafficking of controlled drugs and substances.
• Enhanced ability through partnerships, both internal and external, to develop tactical targeting parameters that address the procurement of chemicals by organized crime groups.
• Enhanced ability to monitor, analyze and predict regional and national trends on marihuana production and trafficking.
• Enhanced ability to adjust tactical and strategic objectives based on the analysis of regional and national marihuana grow operation trends.
• Enhanced ability through partnerships at the municipal, provincial and federal levels to promote, coordinate and implement various initiatives and legislations targeting marihuana producers and traffickers.

11. Federal Partner: Correctional Service Canada
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
2.0 Correctional Interventions	Case Preparation and Supervision (Enforcement Action Plan)	$23.3M [1]	$6.4M [1]
Total		$23.3M	$6.4M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Case Preparation and Supervision: Timely case preparation; rate of offenders successfully reintegrated into the community (if legislation regarding mandatory minimum penalties (MMPs) for serious drug offences is passed).

11. Federal Partner: Parole Board of Canada
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
Conditional Release Decisions	Conditional Release Decisions (Enforcement Action Plan)	$4.4 M	$1.3 M
Conditional Release Decisions Openness and Accountability	Conditional Release Decisions Openness and Accountability (Enforcement Action Plan)	$1.8 M	$0.5M
Internal Services	Internal Services	$1.3 M	$0.4M
Total		$7.5M [1]	$2.2M [1]

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Conditional Release Decisions: Should the proposed legislation receive Royal Assent, this funding will provide Parole Board of Canada (PBC) the capacity for effective management of its legislated responsibilities for parole decision-making for offenders in relation to the requirements of the new legislation. PBC will collect information and report on workloads and outcomes of parole for provincial offenders incarcerated as a result of new legislative provisions (e.g., the number and proportion of offenders who successfully complete their parole).

Conditional Release Decisions Openness and Accountability: Should the proposed legislation receive Royal Assent, this funding will provide the PBC the capacity for provision of information and assistance to victims of crime, observers at hearings and individuals who seek access to decision registry in relation to the requirements of the new legislation. In a similar manner, PBC will report on the extent of involvement of victims and observers in conditional release processes and the level of satisfaction of these individuals with the information and assistance provided by PBC.

Effective management of both these responsibilities will contribute to public safety and reinforce public confidence in the justice system.

11. Federal Partner: Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.1 Drug, Criminal Code, and terrorism prosecution program	a. Prosecution and prosecution related services (Enforcement Action Plan)	$8.6M	$1.7M
	b. Prosecution of serious drug offences under the CDSA (Mandatory Minimum Penalties)	$33.5M [1]	TBD [1]
2.1 Internal Services	Enforcement Action Plan	$1.3M	$0.2M
Total		$43.4M	$1.9M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Prosecution and prosecution related services:Provision of pre-charge legal advice and litigation support, as well as prosecution of drug offences under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA), in response to the workload generated by the enhanced RCMP dedicated anti-drug teams and criminal intelligence and technical operations support staff.

Prosecution of serious drug offences under the CDSA:Provision of prosecution-related advice and litigation support during police investigations and prosecution of drug charges under the CDSA resulting from the MMPs, subject to the proposed legislation receiving Royal Assent.

11. Federal Partner: Canada Border Services Agency
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
Risk Assessment	Intelligence Development & Field Support Division, Organized Crime & Contraband Section, Precursor Chemical Diversion, Analysis and Scientific Services (Enforcement Action Plan)	$7.2M	$2.1M
Internal Services	Intelligence Development & Field Support Division, Organized Crime & Contraband Section, Precursor Chemical Diversion, Analysis and Scientific Services (Enforcement Action Plan)	$5.5M	$1.6M
Total		$12.7M	$3.7M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Intelligence Development & Field Support Division, Organized Crime & Contraband Section, Precursor Chemical Diversion, Analysis and Scientific Services (Risk Assessment):

• Increase awareness and capacity to gather information and intelligence of illicit drug issues relative to the border.
• Increase intelligence support to regional enforcement activities to interdict goods entering and leaving Canada under the Strategy.
• Improve relationships and communication with partner agencies under the Strategy to identify opportunities and improve intelligence activities such as targeting and information sharing related to illicit drugs and other goods (such as precursor chemicals) identified under the Strategy as they relate to the border.

Intelligence Development & Field Support Division, Organized Crime & Contraband Section, Precursor Chemical Diversion, Analysis and Scientific Services (Internal Services):Laboratory and Scientific Services - Continuation of the original Strategy plan with respect to additional sampling, analysis and increased use of mobile laboratory capabilities to assist in the detection of precursor chemicals at the ports of entry. Safe sampling tools are still in development.

11. Federal Partner: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.2 Diplomacy and Advocacy	Annual Contributions to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Inter-American Drug Control Commission (CICAD) (Enforcement Action Plan)	$4.5M	$0.9M
Total		$4.5M	$0.9M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Annual Contributions to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Inter-American Drug Control Commission (CICAD):

• Improved capacity of UNODC to fulfill its mandate in the fight against drugs and international crime at the global level.
• Improved capacity of CICAD to fulfill its mandate in the fight against drugs in the Americas.

11. Federal Partner: Canada Revenue Agency
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
4. Reporting Compliance	Special Enforcement Program (Enforcement Action Plan)	$4.2M	$1.0M
Total		$4.2M	$1.0M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Special Enforcement Program:

• 32 audits of targets involved in marijuana grow operations or illicit drugs.
• $1,750,000 in federal tax assessed will be generated from these audits:
• Provincial tax (except for Quebec files), penalties and interest will also be assessed, and
• Delinquent action will be taken on any taxpayers who have not filed their applicable personal income tax returns.
• The expected dollars assessed resulting from the Strategy audits has decreased from $2.5M in 2010-11 to $1.75M in 2011-12 due to the CRA placing a greater emphasis on the collectability of assessments in order to have an impact on the criminal activities.

11. Federal Partner: Public Works and Government Services Canada
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
1.7 Specialized Programs and Services	Forensic Accounting Management Group (Enforcement Action Plan)	$1.6M [2]	$0.6M [2]
Total		$1.6M [2]	$0.6M [2]

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Forensic Accounting Management Group: Increased operational capacity to provide forensic accounting services to law enforcement agencies. Forensic accounting services assist law enforcement and prosecution agencies in determining whether the assets of suspects were derived from criminal activities, thereby allowing the Government of Canada to seize the assets and remove the financial incentives for engaging in criminal activities.

11. Federal Partner: Financial Transactions and Analysis Centre of Canada
($ millions)

12. Federal Partner Program Activity	13. Names of Programs for Federal Partners	14. Total Allocation (from Start to End Date)	15. Planned Spending for 2011-12
2004113 Detection and deterrence of money laundering and terrorist financing	Financial Transactions and Report Analysis Centre of Canada (Enforcement Action Plan)	$2.5M	$0.7M
Total		$2.5M	$0.7M

16. Expected results by program as per (13):

Financial Transactions and Report Analysis Centre of Canada:

• Law enforcement and intelligence agencies receive financial intelligence related to drug production and distribution that is useful for further actions.
• Enhanced compliance in high risk reporting entity sectors.

Total Allocation For All Federal Partners (from Start to End Date)	Total Planned Spending for All Federal Partners for 2011-12
$527.9M	$141.6

17. Results to be achieved by non-federal partners (if applicable): N/A

18. Contact information:

Catherine Latimer
General Counsel and Director General
Youth Justice, and Strategic Initiatives and Law Reform Section
(613) 957-9623
clatimer@justice.gc.ca

Footnotes:

[1] The funding to implement mandatory minimum penalties for serious drug offences is held in a frozen allotment, to be released subject to Bill S-10 (Penalties for Organized Drug Crime Act) receiving Royal Assent.

[2] Includes Public Works and Government Services Canada accommodation charges.

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