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Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome

In this section:

Safe and Accessible Waterways
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture
Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems

Safe and Accessible Waterways

Providing access to Canadian waterways and ensuring the overall safety and integrity of Canada's marine infrastructure for the benefit of all Canadians

Canada's oceans and inland waters system, and their resources, have played an important role in Canada's history, identity and culture. Eight of the 10 provinces and all three territories border on an ocean, and nearly a quarter of Canadians live in coastal communities. Canada's inland waters system — particularly the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes — has also played a pivotal role in Canada's development.

Canada's oceans, shorelines and inland waters support a growing number of industries and uses. Shipping, fishing, aquaculture, ecotourism, boating, oil and gas extraction, and other ocean activities contribute an estimated $20 billion a year to the Canadian economy.

The Safe and Accessible Waterways strategic outcome is delivered through three program activities:

Canadian Coast Guard;
Small Craft Harbours; and
Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways.

Operating Environment

Marine traffic in Canadian waters is increasing, along with the global marine economy. Marine trade is increasingly driven by trade with Asia. Marine infrastructure is critical to Canada's economic success, and Canadian marine gateways and corridors that enable global trade are essential aspects of that infrastructure. Competition for waterway usage is developing, and water levels could vary more because of climate change, possibly affecting domestic shipping and the need for marine services and infrastructure. Evolving demands from industry and the need to renew an aging workforce are increasing pressures to recruit and train the certified marine personnel required.

Canada will be enhancing its presence in the Arctic to better affirm Canadian sovereignty and to enhance security, safety and sustainable development in that frontier, all the while striving to maintain and improve service levels in southern Canada. This calls for more capacity to support activities like hydrographic charting and ocean science — such as those planned in the Arctic for this International Polar Year — as well as CCG activities that ensure a high level of navigation, icebreaking, environmental response, safety and other services in Northern waters.

Canadians want their government to enhance Canada's maritime security measures, strengthen marine border security, and increase federal on-water presence and response capabilities in relation to a wide range of hazards, risks and threats. Coast Guard's role in maritime security continues to evolve and is becoming better defined, as the Agency provides human resources and physical assets to support national maritime security and emergency preparedness priorities. There will also be a continuing need to support Canada's responsibility to ensure compliance with the fisheries conventions of which Canada is a member. Coast Guard will continue to maintain two vessels in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Regulatory Area to conduct inspections and monitor fishing activities. With an aging fleet, CCG has had to put more effort and money into maintenance and risks reducing its level of operational readiness.

Historically positive relations with clients, stakeholders, other federal departments and Canadians contribute to constructive partnerships and an acknowledgement of the importance of the services provided by CCG. Given the existing challenges related to CCG's aging infrastructure, fleet and other assets, positive relations with partners will be crucial to Coast Guard's ability to achieve its objectives and meet the changing needs of its clients and stakeholders.

The 2008-2009 planning period for the Small Craft Harbours program will be characterized by a continuing demand for services and support related to the operation and maintenance of a national system of harbours critical to Canada's commercial fishing industry.

As of October 2007, the harbour inventory comprised property at 1,170 sites, with individual assets numbering over 7,000 facilities. The value of the inventory is approximately $5.4 billion, including the value of structural assets and other properties (lands, waterlots, basins and channels, roadways, etc.). This harbour infrastructure protects many millions of dollars invested in fishing vessels and equipment, prevents coastal erosion and damage, supports local economic development and employment, and offers refuge for mariners in distress. Currently, the SCH Program provides commercial fishing harbour services in all provinces and territories but Nunavut and the Yukon.

The Department's Science Program provides hydrographic and ocean science products and services that support the maritime transportation infrastructure of Canada, safe navigation, security, and sovereignty. The Program also contributes to oceanographic research, as well as monitoring and data management activities related to ocean and ice condition forecasts, prediction of sea-level hazards and assessments of the potential impact of climate change and variation on navigation.

The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) maintains an extensive portfolio of navigational products and services that ensure safe navigation of Canadian waterways. The number of nautical charts in the CHS portfolio is greater than that in any other country in the world (excluding those that maintain worldwide coverage). Keeping existing hydrographic charts up-to-date while creating new ones is an ongoing challenge. The advent of electronic charts and other technological advances in hydrography, such as multi-beam data collection, continue to change how CHS makes hydrographic information available to Canadians.

**Safe and Accessible Waterways — Financial and Human Resources**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Canadian Coast Guard	644.1	651.6	633.8
Small Craft Harbours	93.5	93.5	93.5
Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways	36.1	36.1	36.1
Program Enablers¹	145.1	143.5	133.2
Total	918.8	924.7	896.6
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Canadian Coast Guard	4,575	4,575	4,575
Small Craft Harbours	123	123	123
Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways	273	273	273
Program Enablers¹	851	877	881
Total	5,822	5,848	5,852

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on Program Enablers.

Program Activity: Canadian Coast Guard

The Canadian Coast Guard is a national institution that helps ensure safe, secure and accessible Canadian waterways for all users. It delivers civilian marine services (vessels, aircraft, expertise, personnel and infrastructure) on behalf of other federal government departments or in support of federal agencies and organizations in the achievement of their own maritime priorities.

**Canadian Coast Guard — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Provision of maritime services that contribute to the enhancement and maintenance of maritime safety and commerce; protection of marine and freshwater environment; oceans and fisheries resource management; security; and other government maritime priorities via maritime expertise, Canada's civilian fleet, a broadly distributed shore infrastructure, and collaboration with various stakeholders.	Safe, economical and efficient movement of maritime traffic in Canadian waters Minimized loss of life or injury resulting from marine incidents Minimized impacts of ship-source oil spills in Canadian waters A civilian fleet operationally ready to deliver Government of Canada programs and maintain a federal presence	Percentage of traffic accidents versus vessel clearances Answers to survey question: How much confidence do you have in the Canadian Coast Guard's ability to deliver search and rescue services? Answers to survey question: How much confidence do you have in the Canadian Coast Guard's ability to deliver environmental response services? The extent to which CCG is meeting the government's requirement for an operationally ready fleet, as measured by a survey of government clients

**Canadian Coast Guard — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Aids to Navigation	22.3	22.4	22.5
Waterways Management	4.3	4.3	4.3
Marine Communications and Traffic Services	44.8	44.8	45.3
Icebreaking Services	17.3	17.3	17.3
Search and Rescue Services	32.2	32.0	32.0
Environmental Response Services	10.2	10.2	10.1
Maritime Security	9.0	2.9	2.9
Fleet Operational Readiness	369.4	379.8	371.4
Lifecycle Asset Management Services	127.5	130.4	120.8
Coast Guard College	7.4	7.4	7.4
Sub-Total	644.1	651.6	633.9
Program Enablers¹	119.1	119.3	109.5
Total	763.2	770.9	743.4
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Aids to Navigation	217	217	217
Waterways Management	29	29	29
Marine Communications and Traffic Services	483	483	483
Icebreaking Services	12	12	12
Search and Rescue Services	149	149	149
Environmental Response Services	100	100	100
Maritime Security	74	74	74
Fleet Operational Readiness	2,407	2,407	2,407
Lifecycle Asset Management Services	992	992	992
Coast Guard College	114	114	114
Sub-total	4,575	4,575	4,575
Program Enablers¹	683	700	704
Total	5,258	5,275	5,279

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

As part of a government-wide initiative to improve the reporting of results to Canadians, Coast Guard has developed a performance measurement framework, part of which is presented below. The remainder of the performance measurement framework is provided in the section Other Items of Interest of this document. To ensure that this framework is relevant and meaningful to key stakeholders, Coast Guard intends to consult with clients and stakeholders on the framework through its National Marine Advisory Board and Strategic Advisory Council.

**Canadian Cost Guard — Sub-activities**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Aids to Navigation Services
Involves the provision of short-range marine aids numbering 17,000-plus, including visual aids (lighthouses and buoys), sound aids (fog horns), as well as radar aids (reflectors and beacons) and long-range marine aids, including electronic aids such as the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).	Aids to Navigation systems and information that facilitate safe and expeditious movement of maritime traffic	Number of ships other than pleasure craft involved in a marine accident due to striking
Waterways Management Services
Provides waterways management to ensure accessibility of waterways. Through this sub-activity, CCG manages channel maintenance and dredging of the Great Lakes connecting channels and the St. Lawrence River, monitors channel bathymetry, and controls water level fluctuations in the St. Lawrence River; the program also enables CCG to provide marine safety information, including water depth forecasts, to users.	Waterways management and information that help ensure the accessibility of the main commercial shipping channels and contribute to their safe use	Number of ships other than pleasure craft involved in a marine grounding
Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS)
Provides marine distress and safety communications, conducts vessel screenings, regulates vessel traffic movement, and provides information systems and public correspondence on a 24/7 basis. Through the MCTS sub-activity, search and rescue responders have increased knowledge of persons or vessels in distress, mariners at risk have greater opportunity to be detected, and CCG has enhanced information on vessel transit for maritime security domain awareness.	Safety of life at sea, efficient movement of shipping, and provision of essential information to mariners	Number of ships other than pleasure craft involved in a marine collision
Icebreaking Services
Facilitates the informed, safe and timely movement of maritime traffic through and around ice-covered Canadian waters for the benefit of industry and communities. This sub-activity includes providing ice information and escorting ships through ice-covered waters, freeing beset vessels in ice, conducting harbour breakouts, providing advice and ice information, and reducing the risk of flooding on the St. Lawrence River by monitoring, preventing and breaking up ice jams.	Facilitation of informed, safe and timely movement of maritime traffic through and around ice-covered waters	Number of ships other than pleasure craft damaged by ice
Search and Rescue (SAR) Services
In conjunction with the Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA), leads, delivers and maintains preparedness for the maritime component of the federal search and rescue system. Led by the Minister of National Defence, this sub-activity is a co-operative effort of federal, provincial and municipal governments.	Prevention of loss of life and injury Search and rescue alerting, responding and aiding activities using public and private resources Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary support to CCG SAR activities	Percentage of lives saved versus lives at-risk Number of people assisted by maritime search and rescue program, i.e., people who were not in a distress situation but required assistance Percentage of maritime search and rescue incidents CCGA is involved in
Environmental Response Services
Acts as the lead federal agency for ship source oil-spill responses that mitigates marine pollution and oil spills in Canadian waters and other countries under international agreement. Following the notification of a spill, CCG monitors the effectiveness of the private-sector response, assumes control of the incident if necessary, or directly uses CCG resources such as vessels and other specialized equipment to assist or respond to those spills when the polluter is unknown, unwilling or unable to respond.	Reported cases of ship-source spills addressed	Percentage of ship-source spills where CCG acted as On-Scene Commander, Federal Monitoring Officer or Resource Agency
Maritime Security
Supports the Government of Canada's maritime security priorities and contributes to addressing gaps in Canada's maritime security; CCG provides an on-water platform and maritime expertise to national security and law enforcement agencies, as well as a wealth of maritime traffic information.	Enhanced maritime domain awareness Enhanced security-related presence on Canadian waters	To be determined (the Interdepartmental Marine Security Working Group is developing indicators as part of a new horizontal performance framework) To be determined (indicators are being developed with the RCMP)
Fleet Operational Readiness
Involves the provision of safe, reliable, available and operationally capable ships and helicopters with competent and professional crews ready to respond to on-water and marine related needs. This sub-activity involves fleet management, fleet acquisition, refit and maintenance, and the provision of fleet personnel. The fleet supports most Coast Guard programs, the Science and Fisheries Enforcement programs of DFO, and the programs of a number of other government departments.	Safe, secure, effective and efficient provision of CCG fleet services to the Government of Canada Re-supply of Northern communities that have no commercial service	Percentage of service delivered versus service planned for each program: CCG Programs DFO Science DFO Conservation and Protection Government of Canada Programs Number of hazardous occurrences Percentage of CCG Northern re-supply cargo (in metric tonnes) delivered compared to plan
Lifecycle Asset Management Services
Involves the effective lifecycle management of the CCG asset base. The sub-activity provides lifecycle engineering, acquisition, maintenance and disposal services in support of CCG's non-fleet assets and lifecycle engineering in support of CCG's Fleet assets (with vessel acquisition and maintenance funded through the Fleet Operational Readiness sub-activity).	Availability of CCG assets for intended purpose; reliable CCG assets	Percentage of service life of fleet assets Percentage of time CCG fleet assets are available Rate of re-investment in CCG fleet asset base Rate of re-investment in CCG Aids to Navigation asset base Rate of re-investment in MCTS asset base
Coast Guard College
Operates as CCG's national, bilingual, degree-conferring training institution that educates world-class marine professionals. Located in Sydney, N.S., the College is also responsible for strategic human resource planning for CCG.	Qualified marine professionals to deliver CCG programs	Delivery of targets set out in CCG Human Resources Plan

Program Activity: Small Craft Harbours

The Small Craft Harbours Program provides a sustainable network of approximately 750 core fishing harbours that are maintained in good condition and are operated and managed effectively by local Harbour Authorities (HAs).

SCH operates and maintains a national system of harbours to provide commercial fish harvesters and other harbour users with safe and accessible facilities. To achieve this, SCH will pursue the following activities which will collectively position the Program and its stakeholders to achieve the desired results:

SCH will focus its resources on the areas of greatest need and value
- Define and fund the network of critical harbours on the basis of need
- Reduce the SCH portfolio to focus on the Program's mandate of supporting the commercial fishing industry
SCH will continue to reinforce the importance of consistent service delivery, national standards and good harbour conditions, while establishing and applying methods to meet evolving needs and the imperative of cost-effectiveness
- Provide assurance that minimum, measurable national standards for the condition of harbour infrastructure will be met
- Provide assurance that minimum service levels for the commercial fishing industry are established
- Continue to lead in environmental stewardship through the "green" construction and operation of harbours
SCH will invest in areas that will enhance the knowledge, governance, tools and viability of the Harbour Authorities the Program depends on to operate and manage its core commercial fishing harbours
- Create and sustain HAs' operational capability and capacity
- Reinforce HA governance

**Small Craft Harbours — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Operation and maintenance of a national system of harbours critical to Canada's commercial fishing industry.	Commercial fishing industry has access to a network of harbours that is open, safe and in good repair HAs are able to effectively manage and maintain core commercial fishing harbours Recreational and non-essential fishing harbours are divested	Percentage of core fishing harbours with performance ratings of good and very good Conditions of facilities at core fishing harbours Percentage of core fishing harbours that have Environmental Management Plans in place Percentage of existing core fishing harbours managed by HAs Number of recreational and low-activity fishing harbours divested per year versus total number of harbours to be divested

**Small Craft Harbours — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Small Craft Harbours	93.5	93.5	93.5
Program Enablers¹	15.2	14.7	14.5
Total	108.7	108.2	108.0
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Small Craft Harbours	123	123	123
Program Enablers¹	103	109	108
Total	226	232	231

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Program Activity: Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways

**Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Provision of scientific research, monitoring, advice, products and services and data management in support of safe and accessible waterways. These functions are provided through a network of research facilities in collaboration with other government departments, private sector, academia and international organizations.	Stakeholders have the information to safely navigate Canada's waterways	Number of navigational products distributed

**Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Navigational Products and Services	32.1	32.1	32.1
Safety, Security and Sovereignty	3.9	4.0	3.9
Sub-Total	36.1	36.1	36.1
Program Enablers¹	10.8	9.5	9.2
Total	46.9	45.6	45.2
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Navigational Products and Services	265	265	265
Safety, Security and Sovereignty	9	9	9
Sub-total	273	273	273
Program Enablers¹	65	68	69
Total	338	341	342

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

Science for safe and accessible waterways is delivered by means of two program sub-activities:

Navigational Products and Services — CHS contributes to the safety and accessibility of Canadian waterways by surveying, measuring, describing and charting the physical features of Canada's oceans, seas, rivers and navigable inland waters and making up-to-date, timely and accurate hydrographic information and products and services available to citizens, mariners and the government.
Safety, Security and Sovereignty — The Science Program supports safe and accessible waterways by undertaking oceanographic research and monitoring that enables the forecasting of ocean conditions (tides, currents, etc.), predicts sea-level hazards, and provides useful insight into the impact of climate change on navigation. Hydrographic data and information are also provided to support territorial claims and international disputes associated with limits and boundaries.

Ongoing operations account for the majority of the resources used to carry out Science sub-activities in support of safe and accessible waterways. In addition to ongoing operations, the Department will focus on the following plans for Science sub-activities in support of safe and accessible waterways during the current planning period.

**Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways — Sub-activities**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Navigational Products and Services
Continue to apply a risk-based approach and level-of-service indicators to the management of the hydrographic portfolio of navigational products Refine the current distribution model for digital data, products and updates (CHS assumed responsibility for the distribution of digital data and products in 2007-2008)	Accessible hydrographic products and information	Number of charts and publications distributed in paper form and in digital form
Safety, Security and Sovereignty
In conjunction with provincial and federal agencies, continue to provide a network of water-level gauges as well as 24/7 access to water level information for the prediction of natural hazardous events	Accessible tidal and water-level information for Canada's waterways	Percentage of time the national Tides, Currents, and Water Levels website is available Number of visitors sessions to the Tides, Currents, and Water Levels website Percentage of Great Lakes water-level stations that reinstate tele-announcing service within 2 business days should they become inoperable
Continue to conduct oceanographic research and monitoring in support of ocean-condition forecasts, prediction of sea-level hazards and understanding of the impact of climate change on navigation	Advance notice of hazardous tsunami/storm surge events	Percentage of storm surge events effectively predicted Percentage of tsunami events effectively predicted
Provide information, data and evidence to prepare Canada's submission to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Plans for 2008-2009 include an on-ice survey in the High Arctic, as well as a ship-based survey in the Western Arctic Bathymetric data will be collected in conjunction with NRCan survey in the Labrador Sea	More data for delineating Canada's offshore claim	Amount of work completed versus planned for preparation of Canada's claim to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

Delivering an integrated fisheries and aquaculture program that is credible, science based, affordable, and effective, and contributes to sustainable wealth for Canadians

Canada's commercial fishery is characterized by a multitude of small operators and a handful of large, vertically integrated companies that are continually faced with challenges in light of a complex mix of biological, economic and social factors. The viability of many of Canada's coastal communities is directly linked to the health of the fisheries. As world demand for fish and seafood products soars, there is a need to be increasingly vigilant about the health of our fisheries and the integrity of the ecosystems that support them. New technologies have made it easier to catch and process far more fish than can be harvested sustainably.

As a sustainable development department, DFO works to protect and conserve Canada's aquatic resources, while supporting the development and use of these resources. To do this, the Department depends on sound scientific research and advice and on the development of a modernized fisheries management regime that is integrated with the broader oceans management agenda. The pursuit of strong conservation outcomes through the implementation of a comprehensive risk management framework, as well as the precautionary and ecosystem approaches, allows DFO and resource users to better understand the impacts of fishing on fish stocks and fish habitat.

DFO's vision for aquaculture development is to create the conditions necessary to enable sustainable and environmentally responsible aquaculture development in Canada. The objective is to establish enduring benefits for Canadians through the harvesting of aquatic organisms while upholding the ecological and socio-economic values associated with responsible stewardship of Canada's oceans and inland waters. The development of aquaculture in Canada requires a streamlined regulatory environment, harmonized standards and practices, and enhanced public confidence.

The strategic outcome of Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture is about delivering an integrated fisheries and aquaculture program that is credible, science based, affordable, and effective, and which contributes to sustainable wealth for Canadians. This strategic outcome is delivered through three program activities:

Fisheries Management;
Aquaculture; and
Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture.

Operating Environment

DFO continues to pursue a renewal agenda that focuses on improving sustainability and economic viability, modernizing the decision-making system and building new relationships with resource users based on shared stewardship. Efforts are guided by the principles of the precautionary approach, ecosystem-based management, stability of access to the resource, and transparency. The challenge is to create the conditions for improving the economic viability and performance of the fishing and aquaculture sectors while ensuring sustainability.

Modernizing the Fisheries Act is a priority. It will be an accountable, predictable and transparent legal framework that provides a governance regime to support fisheries renewal initiatives. The legislation will also support sustainable fisheries management practices and a more competitive industry, making it easier to respond to growing pressure from domestic and international markets. The Species at Risk Act, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and the accelerating demand in international markets for eco-labelling will increase the pressure on the Canadian fishing industry and DFO to demonstrate sustainable fishing practices. DFO will work with other levels of government and resource users to meet these sustainability standards.

In April 2007, the Oceans to Plate approach to developing a robust fishery was announced. This approach supports delivery on DFO's Fisheries Management Renewal objectives and builds on the longstanding commitment to shared stewardship and co-operation.

The Oceans to Plate vision is a seafood sector in which all stakeholders are working toward the common goal of a sustainable, economically viable, internationally competitive industry that can:

Adapt to changing resource and market conditions;
Extract optimal value from world markets;
Provide attractive incomes to industry participants;
Act as an economic driver for communities in coastal regions; and
Attract and retain skilled workers.

This new approach provides a renewed focus for working with harvesters, processors, communities, provinces and territories in fisheries planning and the management of harvest operations.

To respond more effectively to the need to consider ecosystem factors and impacts when making fisheries management decisions and to respond to the interests expressed by Canadians for more stability, fairness and transparency from fisheries decision-making, the Department is developing the Resource Management Sustainable Development Framework as part of its renewal agenda.

This Framework builds on existing policies and programs to help guide fishery planning and decision-making throughout Canada. This will include establishing harvest strategies that reflect the precautionary approach, the need to factor in ecosystem considerations when managing fisheries, self-assessment of progress toward meeting sustainability objectives and public reporting on performance and progress. The Framework will help establish a more consistent, transparent and results-focused approach to managing Canada's fisheries.

Traditionally, fisheries have been talked about as commercial, recreational, Aboriginal and aquaculture. While they may be separate fisheries with their own issues and opportunities, it is time to talk about how each of these can grow wealth in a broad and robust fishery sector. DFO has already started to move forward in advance of treaties to achieve greater certainty and stability in integrated commercial fisheries on both coasts. On the West coast, the Pacific Integrated Commercial Fisheries Initiative is key to advancing reforms that will secure the long-term sustainability and economic viability of Pacific fisheries while supporting First Nations' aspirations for greater participation in integrated commercial fisheries and fisheries management. The Atlantic Integrated Commercial Fisheries Initiative will assist participating First Nations communities develop their commercial fishing enterprises and co-management capacity-building. This will make it possible for them to manage and maximize the potential value of access to the fishery obtained through the Marshall Response Initiative, which was completed on March 31, 2007.

The International Governance Strategy provides an integrated and coherent framework for guiding DFO actions to advance Canadian priorities and protect Canadian interests, including fisheries internationally. This is important, as new international policies, standards and conservation efforts inevitably affect domestic policy and the Canadian fisheries sector.

The Science Program provides scientific research, monitoring, advice, products and services, and data to support the sustainable harvest of wild and cultured fish and other aquatic resources and to contribute to sustainable wealth.

The Department is committed to fostering the growth of a sustainable aquaculture industry. It will do this by enhancing public confidence in the sector, increasing the industry's global competitiveness, seeking to maintain a healthy environment, ensuring that fish products are healthy and co-operatively managing aquatic resources on the basis of sound science.

In addition to these initiatives, departmental priorities associated with fisheries renewal and aquaculture will require Science support to ensure that associated policies, programs and regulations have a sound foundation in the natural sciences and a reasonable likelihood of achieving their intended goals and outcomes.Given the increasing demand for science, the challenge of supporting numerous separate but related initiatives, and the growing complexity of science-based issues, the Science Program continues to implement a strategy that reflects the need for an ecosystem-based approach, while providing the flexibility needed to respond to emerging departmental and federal priorities in the interest of Canadians.

**Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture — Financial and Human Resources**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fisheries Management	323.2	337.2	331.4
Aquaculture	4.0	4.0	4.0
Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture	150.9	149.6	146.0
Program Enablers¹	128.7	117.3	114.7
Total	606.8	608.1	596.0
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fisheries Management	1,476	1,476	1,476
Aquaculture	36	36	36
Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture	1,040	1,044	1,044
Program Enablers¹	690	716	718
Total	3,242	3,272	3,274

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Program Activity: Fisheries Management

**Fisheries Management — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Conservation of Canada's fisheries resources to assure sustainable resource utilization through close collaboration with resource users and stakeholders.	Conservation of stocks and habitat Sustainable resource use for present and future generations	Percentage of major commercially harvested stocks scoring low, medium or high on sustainable fisheries score

**Fisheries Management — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Resource Management	56.6	57.7	58.0
Aboriginal Policy and Governance	104.4	117.8	111.6
Salmon Enhancement Program	28.9	28.9	28.9
International Fisheries Conservation	7.7	7.7	7.8
Conservation and Protection	125.6	125.1	125.1
Sub-total	323.2	337.2	331.4
Program Enablers¹	63.6	61.4	59.6
Total	386.8	398.6	390.9
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Resource Management	405	405	405
Aboriginal Policy and Governance	100	100	100
Salmon Enhancement Program	213	213	213
International Fisheries Conservation	22	22	22
Conservation and Protection	737	737	737
Sub-total	1,476	1,476	1,476
Program Enablers¹	425	441	445
Total	1,901	1,917	1,921

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

This program activity is delivered via five program sub-activities:

Resource Management — Delivering policies, programs and plans, in partnership with industry, to manage, protect and conserve fisheries resources, to ensure sustainability, and to provide for the fair allocation and distribution of harvestable surpluses among those dependent on the resource;
Aboriginal Policy and Governance — Providing policy advice on Aboriginal fishing issues, negotiating agreements on the management of Aboriginal fisheries, integrating agreements into overall management frameworks, advising on land claims and self-government, and promoting fisheries-related economic opportunities for Aboriginal communities;
Salmon Enhancement Program — Focusing on fish production to rebuild vulnerable Pacific salmon populations and sustain fisheries, increasing public awareness, building community stewardship capacity, and restoring salmon habitat;
International Fisheries Conservation — Ensuring the protection of international marine resources and ecosystems and the protection of the Canadian fisheries interests on the international stage by negotiating and administering international treaties and agreements affecting conservation, allocations, the conduct of bilateral and multilateral fisheries relations with other countries, the settlement of issues, and the formulation of international fisheries conservation advice to the Minister; and
Conservation and Protection — Deploying Fishery Officers to ensure compliance through promotion, monitoring and enforcement, with the legislation, regulations and fishing plans relating to conservation and sustainable use of Canada's fisheries resources, the protection of species at risk, fish habitat, and oceans.

Ongoing operations account for the majority of the resources used to carry out Fisheries Management sub-activities. In addition to ongoing operations, the Department will focus on the following plans for Fisheries Management sub-activities during the current planning period.

**Fisheries Management — Sub-activities**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Resource Management
Implement the Resource Management Sustainable Development Framework Establish harvest strategies that incorporate the precautionary approach Factor in ecosystem considerations when managing fisheries Extend shared stewardship through greater transparency and engagement of stakeholders in Integrated Fisheries Management Plan development	Conservation objectives for stocks achieved In fisheries, conservation objectives for ecosystem factors achieved Active stakeholder participation in decision-making	Percentage of major fisheries (or major stocks) where Integrated Fisheries Management Plan or harvest plan result from a consultative process that includes all relevant stakeholders for that fishery Percentage of major stocks where conservation objectives for ecosystem factors have been met, partially met or not met Percentage of major stocks where conservation objectives for the target stock have been met, partially met or not met
Aboriginal Policy and Governance
DFO will continue to work with First Nations and Aboriginal groups to achieve an integrated fishery; DFO's priority is an integrated, strong and sustainable fishery with opportunities for all fish harvesters Negotiate and implement agreements on the management of Aboriginal food, social and ceremonial and commercial fisheries Improve administrative governance structures and expertise around the use and management of aquatic resources and ocean spaces that can be used in broader spheres of governance while easing the transition to modern treaties and comprehensive claims Negotiate, support and implement land claims and self-government agreements Integrate agreements into overall management frameworks Promote fisheries-related economic opportunities, including commercial fisheries and aquaculture, for Aboriginal communities	Aboriginal participation in aquatic resource and oceans management Aboriginal participation in integrated commercial fisheries and aquaculture	Percentage of eligible Aboriginal groups under a co-management relationship or arrangement Number and percentage of major commercially harvested fisheries with Aboriginal communal commercial participation Number and nature of aquaculture-based projects
Salmon Enhancement Program (SEP)
Continue fish production from hatcheries and managed spawning channels Implement community-involvement and public-education programs Continue fish production through support to community salmon habitat restoration projects	Enhanced salmon population to help rebuild vulnerable salmon populations and provide harvest opportunities Public awareness of the importance of conserving and protecting fish and fish habitat and active participation in stewardship activities Improved and restored fish habitat to help rebuild and sustain salmon populations	Number of fisheries targeting enhanced populations Number of volunteers and students participating in SEP-supported stewardship activities Number of square metres of newly created and restored salmon habitat from SEP-supported restoration projects (current year)
International Fisheries Conservation
Co-ordinate the development of Canadian positions and strategies Represent Canada at international fora and negotiate agreements Build and cultivate relationships with key fishing nations Organize and deliver high-level missions and meetings Report on and follow up on meetings and other activities Follow up on Canadian and foreign non-compliance	International instruments and agreements that protect shared fish stocks to Canada's satisfaction Broad and constructive relationships with international partners based on common goals and strategies Compliance by foreign states with international fishing instruments	Level of satisfaction with the protection of shared fish stocks by international instruments and agreements Number of agreements and alliances with partners Degree of compliance of Regional Fisheries Management Organization members with conservation measures
Conservation and Protection
Conserve and sustainably use Canada's aquatic resources, and protect species at risk, fish habitat and oceans Take a balanced approach to the management of regulatory compliance: promoted through education and shared stewardship sustained by Fishery Officer presence and other monitoring, control and surveillance activities addressed through major/special investigations of complex compliance issues Contribute to marine security through extensive marine surveillance activities, and play a key role in the administration of the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program to help ensure the safety of shellfish products for consumption by Canadians	Compliance with legislation, regulations and management measures Effective compliance incentives and deterrents	Rate of compliance by Act and work element Number and type of enforcement actions

Program Activity: Aquaculture

DFO's vision for aquaculture development in Canada is to benefit Canadians through increased aquaculture production and an improved environment in marine and inland waters.

Ongoing operations account for the majority of the resources used to carry out aquaculture activities (there are no sub-activities). In addition to ongoing operations, the Department will focus on the following plans for aquaculture activities during the current planning period:

Collaborate with other federal departments, the provinces, the industry, and the private sector to identify and implement research and development priorities to enhance productivity and competitiveness; and
Through its partnerships, improve national and international standards, thereby enhancing market advantage and addressing environmental and health and safety concerns of Canadians.

**Aquaculture — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Creation of conditions for a vibrant and innovative aquaculture industry that is environmentally and socially responsible, economically viable and internationally competitive.	A federal regulatory framework that is more responsive to public and industry needs; includes strengthened measures to protect environmental health, animal health, navigation and food safety; and is built on federal/provincial co-operation and sound scientific knowledge; supports informed and objective decision-making; and enhances public confidence Federal support for a growing, competitive, market-focused industry with sustainable environmental and social performance	Level of stakeholder and Canadian confidence in aquaculture governance and sustainable development Increase in Canadian aquaculture production and improved environmental performance

**Aquaculture — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Aquaculture	4.0	4.0	4.0
Program Enablers¹	1.0	1.0	1.0
Total	5.0	5.0	5.0
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Aquaculture	36	36	36
Program Enablers¹	7	8	8
Total	43	44	44

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Program Activity: Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

**Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Provision of scientific research, monitoring, advice, products and services and data management in support of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. These functions are provided through a network of research facilities in collaboration with other government departments, private sector, academia and international organizations.	Comprehensive understanding of aquatic resources	Number of DFO scientific publications on aquatic resources

**Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fisheries Resources	81.0	81.0	81.0
Species at Risk	2.5	2.5	2.5
Aquatic Invasive Species	11.6	11.6	8.0
Aquatic Animal Health	6.7	6.7	6.7
Sustainable Aquaculture Science	12.6	12.6	12.6
Genomics and Biotechnology	3.4	3.4	3.4
Science Renewal	33.1	31.8	31.8
Sub-total	150.9	149.6	146.0
Program Enablers¹	64.1	54.9	54.1
Total	215.0	204.5	200.1
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fisheries Resources	596	600	600
Species at Risk	63	63	63
Aquatic Invasive Species	79	79	79
Aquatic Animal Health	61	61	61
Sustainable Aquaculture Science	98	98	98
Genomics and Biotechnology	18	18	18
Science Renewal	125	125	125
Sub-total	1,040	1,044	1,044
Program Enablers¹	258	267	265
Total	1,298	1,311	1,309

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

Science for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture is delivered through seven program sub-activities:

Fisheries Resources — Through monitoring, research, and data management, Science provides an assessment of the status (e.g., growth, abundance, recruitment, distribution, and migration) and conservation objectives for fish, invertebrate and marine mammals in support of the sustainable management of the fisheries resource. This information is provided to decision-makers to inform decisions on sustainable harvest levels and international negotiations on the management of straddling stocks.
Species at Risk — The Species at Risk Act was created to protect wildlife species from becoming extinct. As the Department with authority for aquatic species under the Act, DFO, through the Science Program, undertakes targeted research and monitoring to provide advice to decision-makers on the status of aquatic species, the issuance of permits and agreements, and the recovery of the species at risk, including the identification of critical habitat.
Aquatic Invasive Species — Aquatic invasive species are a major threat to aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the fisheries and aquaculture industries that healthy and productive ecosystems sustain. The objective is to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species. Knowledge derived through science activities — such as research on pathways of invasion, methodologies to detect new invasions, risk assessments, control measures, and the monitoring of established populations — supports the development of regulatory frameworks, the control of existing invasive species, and rapid responses to newly discovered introductions.
Aquatic Animal Health — Monitoring, detecting, and reporting aquatic animal diseases in wild and cultured aquatic animals is imperative to prevent serious disease outbreaks. Knowledge derived through science informs certification of aquatic animal health status in support of the Canadian fish/seafood trade and the delivery of federal responsibilities under the Health of Animals Act and the Fisheries Act.
Sustainable Aquaculture Science — Science has an important role to play in supporting sustainable aquaculture production. Science efforts are directed toward improved fish nutrition, health, and production, as well as an increased understanding of the interactions between aquaculture and the environment. This knowledge is used by decision-makers in the development of aquaculture policies and guidelines, as well as by industry in adopting aquaculture practices that improve sustainability.
Genomics and Biotechnology — Both knowledge and its application through technology are vital for fostering the sustainable development of aquatic resources. Adopting leading-edge genomics research and biotechnology tools improves DFO's ability to protect endangered species, manage the opening and closing of fisheries, avoid the over-exploitation of resources, prosecute poachers, improve aquaculture practices, control disease outbreaks, remediate contaminated sites, and develop the knowledge necessary to support regulation and risk assessments of aquatic organisms with novel traits.
Science Renewal — Rapidly emerging departmental and federal priorities for science require a flexible and responsive Science Program that is aligned with the needs of decision-makers today while anticipating tomorrow's requirements. Given this challenge, the Science Program continuously scans existing and emerging science-based issues requiring science advice better inform decision-making and determine how the program can be mobilized to ensure relevance, effectiveness, affordability, and value to Canadians.

Four of the above sub-activities also contribute to the Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems outcome: Species at Risk; Aquatic Invasive Species; Sustainable Aquaculture Science; and Genomics and Biotechnology.

Ongoing operations account for the majority of the resources used to carry out Science sub-activities in support of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. In addition to ongoing operations, the Department will focus on the following plans for Science sub-activities in support of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture during the current planning period.

**Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture — Sub-activities**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Fishery Resources
Support Canada's strategy to curb overfishing and strengthen international fisheries governance by improving knowledge of the structure, functioning and properties of high-seas ecosystems, as well as the ecological impacts of fishing Assist Fisheries and Aquaculture Management in applying the precautionary approach, implementing the Pacific Wild Salmon Policy, the Atlantic Wild Salmon Policy and the Resource Management Sustainable Development Framework, and provide advice on conservation objectives	Improved knowledge and information on fisheries resources for decision-makers	Number of science advisory reports and research documents on fish stocks posted on the DFO website
Species at Risk
Provide information to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada in support of its efforts to identify and assess species that may be at risk Provide advice on the issuance of Species at Risk Act (SARA) permits and agreements by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans under Sections 73 and 74 of the Act Provide advice on the recovery of species at risk; this includes developing and implementing recovery strategies and action plans, identifying habitats and evaluating the chances of recovery Support consultations on species that are candidates for Schedule 1 listing	Improved knowledge and information on aquatic species at risk for decision-makers	Number of science advisory reports and research documents on aquatic species at risk posted on the DFO website
Aquatic Invasive Species
Continue implementing Canada's Action Plan to Address the Threat of Aquatic Invasive Species by undertaking research and conducting risk assessments to address high-priority species, pathways of invasion and geographic locations; work will continue on planning activities associated with the rapid response to newly discovered introductions, and the development of the national Aquatic Invasive Species database; methodologies for detecting new invasions and tracking the spread of established populations will be examined	Improved knowledge and information on aquatic invasive species for decision-makers	Number of science advisory reports and research documents on aquatic species posted on the DFO website
Aquatic Animal Health
Continue implementing the National Aquatic Animal Health Program (NAAHP); Science will establish a National Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory System for the delivery of information required to support new aquatic animal health regulations being developed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Assist with the development of new aquatic animal health regulations under the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's Health of Animals Act and work with the Agency to ensure delivery of federal responsibilities Support aquatic animal health by providing scientific advice, conducting diagnostic analysis and disease research, and monitoring of wild and aquaculture stocks	Improved knowledge of the status of aquatic animal diseases of concern in Canada for decision-makers	Wild fish survey initiated
Sustainable Aquaculture Science
Develop and operationalize a national integrated aquaculture science framework Provide scientific information and advice on the interactions between aquaculture and the environment, notably on the science underpinning aquaculture performance, monitoring requirements, operational standards and best management practices Coordinate and engage in collaborative research and development in support of sustainable aquaculture and the commercialization of innovations	Improved knowledge and information on sustainable aquaculture for decision-makers	Number of publicly available aquaculture science products (publications, reports, advisory documents, abstracts, proceedings, etc.)
Genomics and Biotechnology
Continue to identify genetic markers to improve species and strain identification Develop and apply genomic tools to detect and monitor aquatic animal diseases, as well as environmental stress in aquatic ecosystems Develop bio-remediation technologies to support remediation of contaminated sites Conduct research on the genetics, biology, physiology, behaviour and fitness of novel and transgenic fish in support of the Department's regulatory obligations to administer the New Substances Notification Regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act Continue to fulfil a regulatory role through implementation of the New Substances Program for notifications of aquatic products of biotechnology, including genetically engineered fish for import or manufacture	Improved knowledge and information on the potential risks of aquatic products of biotechnology to aquatic environments and indirect human health for decision-makers Improved knowledge and information on aquatic biotechnology and genomics for decision-makers	Number of products/activities regulated on the basis of risk assessments completed by DFO Number of publicly available research products (e.g., scientific publications, reports, studies, panel discussions etc.)
Science Renewal
Continue to implement the long-term strategic and multi-year operational planning framework Develop a research plan to support implementation of the Five-Year Research Agenda, and within that context to: Develop ecosystem research/climate change science initiatives Implement ecosystem research/climate change science initiatives Evaluate best practice for DFO Science Centres of Expertise (COEs) and develop guidelines for implementation Implement best practices guidelines for DFO Science COEs Develop annual action plans for implementation of a human resources strategy Develop a performance measurement framework for Science Renewal initiatives	Aquatic science is relevant to the needs of Canadians	Science Annual Report and special publications (e.g., Research Agenda) Fall Performance Report

Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems

Sustainable development and integrated management of resources in or around Canada's aquatic environment through oceans and fish habitat management

The Oceans and Habitat Sector ¹ , with support from the Science Sector, is primarily responsible for the development and protection of the aquatic environment. Sustainable development is the fundamental principle that guides this strategic outcome - supporting a balanced approach to a wide range of economic opportunities while meeting important environmental protection needs and supporting the social needs of communities, including those of Aboriginal peoples.

The Oceans and Habitat Sector applies the principle of sustainable development to oceans and habitat management by adopting key practices such as integrated management, ecosystem and watershed planning, partnering arrangements with stakeholders, effective and efficient regulation, and regular monitoring and evaluation. The Science Sector provides scientific research, monitoring, advice, data management and products and services to support the integrated management of oceans and the protection and sustainability of fish and fish habitat. Together, the two sectors work with other departmental sectors, federal agencies, provincial and territorial governments, municipalities, industry, Aboriginal groups, non-government organizations, academia and others who represent a full spectrum of socio-economic activities and environmental interests, both domestically and internationally. These partnerships facilitate the conservation and sustainable use of Canada's oceans, enable the conservation and protection of freshwater and marine fish habitat, and ensure the provision of timely and up-to-date scientific knowledge and products by adopting key practices such as science-based decision-making.

The sectors' clientele is diverse, ranging from traditional water users related to fishing, marine transportation and energy development, to growing industries such as mining, aquaculture, tourism and oil and gas exploration and production.

The Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems strategic outcome is delivered through three program activities:

Oceans Management;
Habitat Management; and
Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems.

Operating Environment

Oceans and freshwater species and resources are an important part of Canada's environmental, social, cultural and economic fabric. However, the diverse needs of multiple users place a great deal of pressure on marine and freshwater resources. The strong current and forecast economic growth resulting from inland, onshore and offshore development will have a significant impact on Canada's marine and freshwater systems both now and for in the foreseeable future.

Oceans Management arrangements must deal with a number of challenges, including oceans health, marine habitat loss, declining biodiversity, growing demands for access to ocean resources and regulatory and jurisdictional complexities. There is a clear need to manage oceans activities in a sustainable way if the potential benefits to local communities are to be realized while ensuring that oceans environments are protected. The Oceans Action Plan, announced in 2005, was a broad conceptual umbrella for a wide range of marine activities. Initial funding for 2005-2007 provided for the establishment of five integrated oceans management pilot initiatives, as well as the development of important baseline ecosystem data. Building on this, the Health of the Oceans Initiative announced in Budget 2007 is geared toward increasing scientific knowledge of Canada's oceans, including those in the Arctic; improving pollution prevention and response; enhancing environmental protection of sensitive marine areas; and enhancing partnerships with provinces, territories, industry, Aboriginal groups, conservation non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders. The Health of the Oceans Initiative also includes the establishment of nine new Marine Protected Areas (including six under the Oceans Act).

The Oceans Management Program is also responsible for administering the Federal Marine Protected Areas Strategy, which involves the conservation and protection of unique and endangered habitats; endangered or threatened marine species; commercial and non-commercial fishery resources; marine areas of high biodiversity or biological productivity; and any other marine resource or habitat requiring special protection. The Program also leads and facilitates the development and implementation of plans for the integrated management of all activities or measures affecting estuaries, coastal and marine waters, and is a leader in the ongoing and collaborative planning process that brings together interested parties, stakeholders and regulators together to work on the conservation, sustainable use and economic development of coastal and marine areas for the benefit of all Canadians.

The Habitat Management Program has faced increasing operational, financial and capacity pressures over the past few years because of a continuing surge in economic development activities across Canada, particularly in the natural resource sector and in the North. The Program is also dealing with the referral ² of more complex development proposals for regulatory review and environmental assessment, as well as the review of an increasing number of existing facilities and structures pursuant to the requirements of the Fisheries Act. In addition, stakeholders expect greater involvement in policy and program development and implementation, as well as higher legal thresholds for consultations with Aboriginal groups.

As affirmed in Budget 2007, the Government of Canada is committed to addressing the challenges facing the federal regulatory system for major natural resource projects. DFO is a key federal environmental regulator, and it will be an active player in supporting priorities outlined in the October 2007 Speech from the Throne.

Under the International Governance Strategy, Canada is taking a global leadership role by building consensus and concretely advancing the agenda to protect high seas ecosystems, biodiversity and fisheries viability. The development of effective international policy is critical to Canada, as international policies and standards influence Canada's management of its domestic fisheries and oceans sectors.

These program activities, initiatives and departmental priorities require support from the Science Sector to ensure that associated policies, programs and regulations have a sound foundation in the natural sciences and a reasonable likelihood of achieving their intended goals and outcomes. Given the increasing demand for science, the challenge of supporting numerous separate but related initiatives, and the growing complexity of science-based issues and ocean uses, the Science Program continues to adopt a strategy that reflects the need for an ecosystem-based approach, as well as the flexibility to respond to emerging departmental and federal priorities in the interests of Canadians.

**Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems — Financial and Human Resources**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Oceans Management	19.1	19.6	18.8
Habitat Management	70.6	66.5	63.7
Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems	55.2	52.5	51.6
Program Enablers¹	68.0	65.4	65.1
Total	212.8	204.0	199.2
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Oceans Management	132	117	117
Habitat Management	569	524	524
Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems	403	403	403
Program Enablers¹	285	284	280
Total	1,389	1,328	1,324

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Program Activity: Oceans Management

Oceans management involves the conservation and sustainable use of Canada's oceans through the development and implementation of objectives-based integrated oceans management plans and the application of marine conservation tools. In carrying out this program, DFO collaborates with other levels of government, Aboriginal organizations and other non-government stakeholders. Modern oceans management arrangements deal with a number of challenges, including oceans health, marine habitat loss, declining biodiversity, growing demands for access to ocean resources, and regulatory and jurisdictional complexities.

**Oceans Management — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Conservation and sustainable use of Canada's oceans, in collaboration with others, through integrated oceans management plans which include marine protected areas and marine environmental quality objectives.	Canada's ocean areas are managed through the adoption of integrated management approaches Coordinated and effective oceans governance	Estimated percentage of Canadian ocean area with integrated management structures Percentage of LOMAs with inter-jurisdictional Regional Implementation Committees or equivalents Percentage of LOMAs with Stakeholder Advisory Committees or equivalent

**Oceans Management — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Integrated Oceans Management	13.0	13.1	12.9
Marine Conservation Tools	6.1	6.5	5.9
Sub-total	19.1	19.6	18.8
Program Enablers¹	5.1	5.0	5.0
Total	24.2	24.6	23.8
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Integrated Oceans Management	97	83	83
Marine Conservation Tools	34	34	34
Sub-total	132	117	117
Program Enablers¹	34	36	36
Total	166	153	153

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

The Oceans Management program activity has two sub-activities:

Integrated Oceans Management — Adopting spatially based planning and management processes for use with Canada's ocean resources. This involves the use of an ecosystem-based approach to manage, conserve and protect sensitive marine ecosystems, and to better plan for socioeconomic and sociocultural challenges and opportunities for our coastal communities. Associated governance structures provide a forum for bringing together ocean users and stakeholders, including provinces, territories, Aboriginal groups, industry and coastal communities to plan for activities in Canada's oceans. The development of plans that include ecological, social and economic objectives is a key requirement of successful integrated oceans management.
Marine Conservation Tools — Developing tools and approaches such as Marine Protected Areas, marine environmental quality guidelines and seismic operating standards to ensure the viability of critical aspects of the marine ecosystem. Marine conservation tools, including Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), support the sustainable management of the oceans resource by providing options to secure critical aspects of the ecosystem from harm. Since healthy and productive ocean ecosystems are the foundation of all ocean-related activities, a number of actions are undertaken to protect and manage unique and sensitive ecosystems. DFO, Environment Canada and Parks Canada are all mandated to establish MPAs for different but complementary reasons.

**Oceans Management — Sub-activity**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Integrated Oceans Management
Develop policy guidance to support the advancement of integrated management within LOMAs Develop and formalize regional and national governance structures to support the development and implementation of Integrated Management Plans Initiate Social, Cultural, and Economic Overviews and Assessments for each LOMA, and begin to identify relevant trends, vulnerabilities and opportunities and develop social, cultural and economic objectives. Develop an Integrated Management Plan for each LOMA Collaborate with the Oceans Task Group of the Canadian Council of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministers to advance oceans management issues of interest to federal, provincial and territorial levels of government Support federal activities to advance the Arctic Marine Strategic Plan, an ecosystem-based management approach in the Arctic, by participating in the Arctic Council's Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment working group and its Ecosystem Expert Group In co-operation with the United States, continue to apply ecosystem-based management approaches in trans-boundary areas, e.g., Gulf of Maine, Beaufort Sea	Improved knowledge and understanding of social, cultural and environmental aspects of LOMAs	Percentage of LOMAs with completed Ecosystem Overview and Assessment Reports Percentage of LOMAs with completed Social, Cultural and Economic Overview and Assessment Reports Percentage of LOMAs with Integrated Management Plans Percentage of completed Integrated Management Plans reviewed
Marine Conservation Tools
Move outstanding Areas of Interest to designation as Marine Protected Areas Develop and implement management plans for existing Marine Protected Areas Refine tools for Marine Protected Area designation	Biodiversity, productivity, and water and habitat quality in Canada's oceans are in a natural and sustainable state	Percentage of identified conservation objectives addressed in LOMA Integrated Management Plans (Anticipated indicators and tracking mechanisms to be developed within 5 years)

Program Activity: Habitat Management

The habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act enable the federal government to make decisions about development projects in and around marine and freshwater ecosystems across Canada (from docks and water crossings to aquaculture, mining, hydro and oil and gas development projects). Such decisions represent the Department's principal approach to ensuring the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat. They are essential to sustaining Canada's freshwater and marine fisheries resources, commercial and recreational fisheries, and Aboriginal fisheries.

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans-habitat/habitat/index_e.asp

Environmental assessment under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) can consider broader environmental issues than those directly associated with fish and fish habitat. In most cases, an environmental assessment under CEAA is required before DFO can issue a Fisheries Act authorization. Where DFO is identified as a Responsible Authority under CEAA, it must ensure that the environmental assessment is conducted in relation to the development proposal. Alternately, where DFO is identified as an expert Federal Authority under CEAA, it provides habitat management requirements and advice to the departments identified as responsible authorities.

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans-habitat/habitat/policies-politique/ceaa-lcee_e.asp

To continue to support the Department's Strategic Plan, the Habitat Management Program is committed to implementing a culture of continuous improvement of regulatory reviews and environmental assessments. The results of these initiatives are expected to contribute to achieving healthy and productive fish habitat, but also to meeting broader government objectives.

**Habitat Management — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Protection and conservation of freshwater and marine fish habitat, in collaboration with others, through a balanced application of regulatory and non-regulatory activities including reviewing development proposals, conducting environmental assessments and monitoring compliance and effectiveness.	Healthy and productive fish habitat available to sustain the production of fish species and populations that Canadians value	Number of Fisheries Act authorizations with compensation for plans to offset the loss of fish habitat as a result of development projects Percentage of site inspections that conform to terms and conditions of operational statements, best management practices, letters of advice and Fisheries Act authorizations

**Habitat Management — Planned Spending and Full-time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Conservation and Protection of Fish Habitat	32.8	28.8	28.8
Environmental Assessments	13.1	13.1	10.1
Habitat Program Services	22.6	22.6	22.7
Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program	2.1	2.1	2.1
Sub-total	70.6	66.6	63.7
Program Enablers¹	40.2	38.6	37.9
Total	110.8	105.2	101.6
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Conservation and Protection of Fish Habitat	364	363	363
Environmental Assessments	41	41	41
Habitat Program Services	163	119	119
Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program	1	1	1
Sub-total	569	524	524
Program Enablers¹	152	150	146
Total	721	674	670

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

The Habitat Management program activity is delivered through four program sub-activities:

Conservation and Protection of Fish Habitat — In collaboration with others, conserving and protecting fish and fish habitat from the impacts of activities occurring in and around fresh and marine fish-bearing waters and improving (restoring and developing) fish habitat through the administration of the habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act and the application of non-regulatory activities.
Environmental Assessment — Involves conducting environmental assessments under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and other environmental assessment regimes for proposed projects before making a regulatory decision under the habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act (listed in the Law List Regulations).
Habitat Program Services — Involves developing and implementing the Mandatory Training Program; information management applications; public awareness and education materials; performance measurement; and reporting and evaluation plans and tools. This program also involves developing and implementing policies, programs, plans and tools for the effective and efficient application of the Species at Risk Act and Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Expert Support Program (under the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan), in support of the Conservation and Protection of Fish Habitat and Environmental Assessment sub-activities.
Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program — Enhances the ability of Aboriginal communities to work together to participate in decision-making related to fish habitat management activities, through the development and implementation of Contribution Agreements with aggregates of Aboriginal groups in Quebec, Ontario and the Prairie provinces. These agreements build capacity for the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat in light of the impacts of activities occurring in and around fish-bearing freshwaters, and they improve fish habitat through the administration of the habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act and the application of non-regulatory activities.

**Habitat Management — Sub-activity**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Conservation and Protection of Fish Habitat
Administrate the habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act and carry out non-regulatory activities (e.g., partnering)	Partners' and stakeholders' awareness of and support for fish habitat management objectives Advice provided to proponents and others	Number of key partners and stakeholders that have integrated operational statements into their best management practices and/or permitting systems Number of operational statements, best management practices and letters of advice issued Number of partnership agreements/arrangements on habitat management
Environmental Assessment
Ensure that environmental assessments of proposed projects requiring review under CEAA and other environmental assessment regimes are conducted	Timely, co-ordinated and effective consideration of the environmental effects of regulatory decisions before these decisions are made under the Fisheries Act	Percentage of projects requiring review under CEAA that incorporate Habitat Management Program (HMP) requirements and advice, where HMP is identified as an expert Federal Authority Number of environmental assessments under CEAA initiated, concluded, terminated or ongoing, where HMP is identified as a responsible authority
Habitat Program Services
Communication materials Training courses and workshops	Improved transparency and accountability in internal decisions	Percentage of Habitat Management staff that completed mandatory training courses related to administration of the Habitat Management Program Number of communication materials produced Number of training courses developed and delivered
Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program
DFO delivery of the Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program	Aboriginal groups in Quebec, Ontario and the Prairie provinces have the capacity needed to contribute to the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat and improvement of fish habitat	Number of Aboriginal Inland Habitat agreements signed Grants and contributions expenditures of signed Aboriginal Inland Habitat Program agreements

Program Activity: Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems

**Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems — Expected Results and Performance Indicators**
Description from Main Estimates	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Provision of scientific research, monitoring, advice, products and services and data management in support of healthy and productive aquatic ecosystems. These functions are provided through a network of research facilities in collaboration with other government departments, private sector, academia and international organizations.	Comprehensive understanding of aquatic ecosystem function	Number of DFO scientific publications on aquatic ecosystems

**Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems — Planned Spending and Full-Time Equivalents**
Financial Resources (millions of dollars)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fish Habitat Science	16.9	15.6	15.6
Aquatic Ecosystems Science	32.0	31.9	31.9
Ocean Climate	6.2	5.0	4.2
Sub-total	55.2	52.5	51.6
Program Enablers¹	22.7	21.7	22.2
Total	77.8	74.2	73.8
Human Resources (number of FTEs)	2008-2009	2009-2010	2010-2011
Fish Habitat Science	98	98	98
Aquatic Ecosystems Science	259	259	259
Ocean Climate	46	46	46
Sub-total	403	403	403
Program Enablers¹	99	98	98
Total	502	501	501

Note: Because of rounding, figures may not add to the totals shown.

¹Financial and human resources for Program Enablers have been prorated across program activities. The section Other Items of Interest provides further information on the Program Enablers.

Sub-activities

Science for healthy and productive aquatic ecosystems is delivered through three program sub-activities (these sub-activities also contribute to the Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture outcome):

Fish Habitat Science — Activities such as oil and gas exploration, development and production, forestry, mining, hydroelectric power generation and agriculture, which operate in or around marine and freshwater aquatic environments, have the potential to impact fish and fish habitat. Long-range transport and point-source introductions of contaminants and toxic substances also pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and their resources. The Science Program provides scientific advice on potential impacts, mitigation measures, and risks, and on regulations in support of the habitat management authorities identified in the Fisheries Act, the Policy for the Management of Fish Habitat, Species at Risk Act, Oceans Act, Navigable Waters Protection Act, and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.;
Aquatic Ecosystems Science — Multiple and sometimes conflicting use of oceans necessitates that the integrated management of resources be informed by sound science advice. The Science Program provides advice, information and data management services to support the government's integrated management of aquatic ecosystems, such as the delineation of Marine Protected Areas through ocean mapping, preparation of ecosystem overview and status reports on Large Ocean Management Areas, and frameworks of ecological and biologically significant ocean areas.
Ocean Climate — Interaction among the oceans, ice and atmosphere is a fundamental part of the earth's global climate system. As a nation that borders on three oceans, Canada, together with the international community, has a vested interest in understanding the role of oceans in global climate and the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. Science efforts are directed toward enabling the prediction of ocean responses to climatic change, as well as the assessment of potential impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, fish and marine mammal populations.

Ongoing operations account for the majority of the resources used to carry out Science sub-activities in support of healthy and productive aquatic ecosystems. In addition to ongoing operations, the Department will focus on the following plans for Science sub-activities in support of healthy and productive aquatic ecosystems during the current planning period.

**Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems — Sub-activities**
Sub-activity/Plans	Expected Results	Performance Indicators
Fish Habitat
Provide targeted advice to the Habitat Management Sector on the Mackenzie Valley Gas Pipeline Project to support decision requirements associated with the environmental impact assessment, regulation (Fisheries Act) and monitoring Delineate and map the habitats of the coastal Beaufort Sea and Mackenzie Delta, assess Beluga whale habitat requirements in the eastern Beaufort Sea, and study the impact of oil and gas exploration on ringed and bearded seals. In support of the Environmental Process Modernization Plan (EPMP), conduct a peer review of advice regarding the evidence linking human activities to impact on fish habitat. Provide advice on the scientific foundation for the application of risk management principles to the management of fish habitat and the review of compensation guidelines.	Improved knowledge and information on aquatic ecosystems for decision-makers	Number of science advisory reports and research documents on aquatic ecosystems posted on the DFO website
Aquatic Ecosystem
Continue to provide targeted advice to Oceans Management in support of integrated oceans management Conduct targeted research in LOMAs and provide science advice on priority issues and areas, such as determining ecosystem objectives and indicators In conjunction with the Oceans and Habitat Sector, establish a framework for identifying indicators and developing appropriate monitoring programs	Improved knowledge and information on aquatic ecosystems for decision-makers	Number of science advisory reports and research documents on aquatic ecosystems posted on the DFO website
Ocean Climate
Monitoring, understanding and predicting variation and change in the oceans: Conduct research to improve understanding of the impact of climate change and variation on aquatic ecosystems Apply operational models to provide tools for predicting variation in ocean conditions Conduct IPY-funded research on understanding the impacts of climate change in the Arctic Develop an Ocean Science Framework to improve and integrate accessibility to oceanographic data	Science community, policy and decision-makers and the public have access to oceanographic and climate science datasets, information (all levels of interpreted raw data), and advice	Number of requests for data held by Integrated Science Data Management, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, , Institute of Ocean Sciences, Maurice Lamontagne Institute (e.g., St. Lawrence Observatory) and Central and Arctic Region

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Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome

In this section:

Safe and Accessible Waterways

Operating Environment

Program Activity: Canadian Coast Guard

Sub-activities

Program Activity: Small Craft Harbours

Program Activity: Science for Safe and Accessible Waterways

Sub-activities

Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

Operating Environment

Program Activity: Fisheries Management

Sub-activities

Program Activity: Aquaculture

Program Activity: Science for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

Sub-activities

Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems

Operating Environment

Program Activity: Oceans Management

Sub-activities

Program Activity: Habitat Management

Sub-activities

Program Activity: Science for Healthy and Productive Aquatic Ecosystems

Sub-activities