2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canada Border Services Agency by Question 97. Are you currently a shift worker?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Table of contents

Top of page

Employee engagement

Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 32 14 12 20 0 0 54 32 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 30 37 15 10 8 0 0 67 18 4810
2022 Shift worker 19 32 16 13 19 0 0 51 33 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 34 39 12 8 7 0 0 73 15 5360
2020 Shift worker 22 35 15 14 14 0 0 57 28 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 38 38 12 8 4 0 0 76 12 5770
2019 Shift worker 25 37 13 12 12 0 0 62 24 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 32 39 13 9 6 0 0 72 15 4925

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 24 15 18 31 0 0 37 49 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 27 34 14 12 12 0 0 61 24 4805
2022 Shift worker 11 21 16 19 32 0 0 33 51 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 31 35 13 11 10 0 0 66 21 5355
2020 Shift worker 11 28 17 20 25 0 0 38 45 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 34 35 13 10 8 0 0 69 18 5755
2019 Shift worker 13 27 17 19 24 0 0 40 43 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 28 34 15 13 10 0 0 62 23 4905

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 37 31 12 8 11 0 0 69 20 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 45 34 12 5 4 0 0 78 9 4810
2022 Shift worker 32 34 14 8 11 0 0 67 19 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 49 33 11 4 3 0 0 82 7 5355
2020 Shift worker 41 33 13 7 7 0 0 73 14 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 53 32 9 3 2 0 0 86 5 5735
2019 Shift worker 42 35 11 6 6 0 0 77 12 2235
2019 Non-shift worker 50 33 11 4 2 0 0 83 6 4885

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 37 15 9 12 0 0 64 21 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 33 39 14 7 5 0 0 73 13 4810
2022 Shift worker 25 37 18 10 11 0 0 62 20 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 39 37 12 6 5 0 0 77 11 5355
2020 Shift worker 31 37 16 10 6 0 0 68 16 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 44 37 10 5 3 0 0 81 9 5775
2019 Shift worker 33 39 13 9 7 0 0 71 15 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 38 38 12 7 4 0 0 77 11 4920

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 24 16 16 28 0 0 40 44 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 22 27 17 17 16 0 0 50 33 4810
2022 Shift worker 15 22 18 17 28 0 0 37 45 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 27 31 16 14 12 0 0 58 25 5360
2020 Shift worker 17 25 21 17 20 0 0 42 37 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 32 32 17 11 8 0 0 64 19 5760
2019 Shift worker 18 28 18 16 20 0 0 46 36 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 25 29 20 14 12 1 0 54 26 4910

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 23 14 19 30 0 0 37 49 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 22 30 16 17 15 0 0 51 32 4810
2022 Shift worker 12 22 15 21 31 0 0 34 52 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 26 33 15 14 11 0 0 60 25 5355
2020 Shift worker 14 27 20 20 20 0 0 40 40 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 32 35 15 11 7 0 0 67 18 5715
2019 Shift worker 15 28 18 18 21 0 0 43 39 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 25 31 18 16 11 0 0 56 26 4895

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 20 16 16 26 5 1 38 45 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 24 23 17 14 16 5 1 50 32 4810
2022 Shift worker 14 17 17 17 29 4 1 33 48 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 27 24 16 15 14 4 0 53 30 5360
2020 Shift worker 19 22 19 17 20 3 0 42 38 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 33 25 17 12 9 3 0 60 22 5765
2019 Shift worker 18 23 18 17 19 3 1 43 38 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 26 25 18 15 13 3 0 52 29 4920
Top of page

Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 22 21 9 14 2 9 50 26 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 45 28 13 5 4 1 4 77 10 4805
2022 Shift worker 18 27 22 10 14 2 8 50 26 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 47 28 12 4 3 1 4 80 8 5355
2020 Shift worker 23 26 23 10 11 1 5 53 23 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 51 25 13 4 3 1 3 79 7 5765
2019 Shift worker 22 26 24 10 11 1 6 51 23 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 44 29 15 6 4 1 3 75 10 4925

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 30 15 13 16 1 1 56 29 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 44 30 10 8 7 0 1 75 15 4805
2022 Shift worker 23 28 17 13 18 0 1 52 31 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 45 31 10 7 5 0 1 77 13 5335
2020 Shift worker 26 32 16 12 12 0 1 59 25 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 49 29 9 7 5 1 1 79 11 5765
2019 Shift worker 25 31 16 14 13 1 1 56 27 2235
2019 Non-shift worker 40 31 12 9 6 0 0 73 15 4900

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 26 28 17 12 17 1 0 54 29 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 50 26 10 6 7 0 0 77 13 4810
2022 Shift worker 26 28 17 12 17 0 0 54 29 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 52 27 10 6 6 0 0 79 11 5360
2020 Shift worker 27 29 16 11 15 0 1 57 26 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 58 24 8 5 4 0 0 82 10 5775
2019 Shift worker 26 29 16 13 14 0 0 56 27 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 47 28 11 7 5 0 0 76 13 4920

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 17 12 14 39 5 0 31 56 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 24 24 15 13 17 6 0 51 33 4805
2022 Shift worker 13 16 15 15 38 4 0 30 55 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 27 27 15 11 11 8 0 60 24 5360
2020 Shift worker 13 21 18 16 27 5 0 36 45 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 33 29 15 9 7 7 0 67 17 5775
2019 Shift worker 15 23 17 17 24 5 0 39 43 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 25 30 18 11 10 6 0 59 22 4925

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 14 11 14 48 2 0 25 64 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 19 22 16 18 24 2 0 42 42 4810
2022 Shift worker 9 13 12 17 47 1 0 22 65 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 22 26 16 15 17 2 0 50 33 5355
2020 Shift worker 11 18 16 20 34 1 0 29 55 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 28 31 17 12 10 2 0 61 22 5760
2019 Shift worker 12 20 16 19 31 2 0 32 52 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 22 28 17 16 14 2 0 51 31 4920

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 11 12 17 48 4 0 19 68 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 14 19 17 19 26 4 0 35 48 4805
2022 Shift worker 8 10 12 18 50 2 0 18 70 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 17 23 18 19 19 5 0 42 40 5355
2020 Shift worker 8 16 15 23 36 3 0 24 60 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 20 29 19 16 11 4 0 52 29 5755
2019 Shift worker 8 16 16 21 34 3 0 26 57 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 15 24 20 20 17 4 0 41 38 4915

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 9 14 12 17 46 2 0 23 64 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 14 23 16 19 25 2 0 38 46 4810
2022 Shift worker 9 13 11 17 48 1 0 22 66 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 17 26 16 19 20 3 0 44 40 5355
2020 Shift worker 8 18 16 21 35 2 0 27 57 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 20 32 17 17 12 2 0 54 29 5770
2019 Shift worker 9 20 14 19 35 2 0 30 55 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 15 25 18 20 19 2 0 41 40 4920
Top of page

Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 21 16 18 32 0 0 34 50 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 28 32 15 13 12 0 0 60 25 4810
2022 Shift worker 11 20 16 16 35 0 0 32 52 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 31 32 14 12 11 0 0 63 23 5360
2020 Shift worker 10 27 17 21 24 0 0 38 46 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 33 35 13 11 8 0 0 68 19 5775
2019 Shift worker 11 27 17 20 24 0 0 39 44 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 26 35 15 15 10 0 0 61 25 4915

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 20 35 16 16 13 0 0 55 29 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 29 40 11 12 7 0 0 70 19 4810
2022 Shift worker 16 38 18 16 12 0 0 54 28 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 31 41 10 11 6 0 0 73 17 5355
2020 Shift worker 16 38 19 16 11 0 0 54 27 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 34 40 12 10 4 0 0 73 15 5730
2019 Shift worker 18 37 17 17 11 0 0 55 28 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 27 41 14 12 6 0 0 68 18 4895

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 29 13 14 20 0 0 53 34 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 41 31 12 8 7 0 0 73 16 4810
2022 Shift worker 21 29 15 16 19 0 0 50 35 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 43 30 11 8 7 0 0 74 15 5355
2020 Shift worker 25 29 17 14 15 0 0 54 29 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 45 30 10 8 5 1 1 76 13 5765
2019 Shift worker 22 29 18 15 15 0 0 52 30 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 39 31 14 9 7 0 0 70 16 4920

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 28 12 25 25 0 0 38 50 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 22 36 13 17 12 0 0 58 29 4810
2022 Shift worker 9 28 12 27 23 0 0 38 50 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 24 40 11 15 9 0 0 64 24 5350
2020 Shift worker 12 34 14 26 14 0 0 46 39 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 29 38 13 14 5 0 1 68 19 5750
2019 Shift worker 12 35 14 24 15 0 0 47 39 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 22 37 14 17 10 0 0 59 27 4900

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 28 23 18 10 17 2 1 53 28 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 48 24 12 6 7 1 1 74 13 4805
2022 Shift worker 25 26 17 11 19 2 1 52 31 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 49 24 11 6 6 2 1 76 12 5350
2020 Shift worker 28 25 20 10 15 1 1 54 26 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 50 23 13 6 6 2 2 75 12 5760

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 9 16 15 20 38 2 0 25 59 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 16 26 19 16 20 2 0 44 37 4810
2022 Shift worker 8 15 16 19 41 1 0 23 61 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 20 30 18 15 15 2 0 51 31 5355
2020 Shift worker 8 21 18 22 29 1 0 29 52 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 22 30 19 15 12 2 0 53 28 5765
2019 Shift worker 9 19 18 21 31 2 0 29 53 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 17 27 17 18 18 2 0 45 37 4905

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 28 24 18 9 14 2 6 30 70 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 40 22 16 7 9 1 5 42 58 4810
2022 Shift worker 26 22 20 12 14 1 6 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 42 23 14 7 7 1 5 5360
2020 Shift worker 35 24 17 9 10 1 4 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 50 22 13 6 4 1 4 5780
2019 Shift worker 31 25 21 11 9 1 3 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 46 24 15 6 5 1 4 4920

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 51 9 7 3 6 4 20 67 33 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 49 11 8 4 9 2 17 61 39 4810

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 48 14 9 6 12 5 6 54 46 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 63 11 6 3 5 5 7 72 28 4805
2022 Shift worker 48 14 9 7 12 5 6 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 66 10 6 3 4 4 6 5355
2020 Shift worker 57 14 8 6 8 3 4 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 71 10 5 3 3 3 4 5760
2019 Shift worker 59 13 8 5 8 4 4 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 67 11 6 3 4 4 5 4905

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 9 5 3 5 4 15 73 27 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 66 8 4 2 3 3 14 79 21 4805

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 48 11 9 5 11 3 13 57 43 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 55 11 8 5 8 2 11 64 36 4810

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 23 11 17 33 2 3 35 53 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 16 30 12 17 21 2 2 48 40 4805
2022 Shift worker 11 24 12 18 33 2 1 35 52 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 20 32 11 16 17 2 2 54 34 5360
2020 Shift worker 9 21 14 19 32 2 2 32 54 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 21 27 15 15 17 2 2 50 34 5775
2019 Shift worker 10 21 15 17 33 2 1 32 52 2265
2019 Non-shift worker 18 24 16 17 22 2 2 43 41 4925

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 11 23 14 20 33 0 0 34 53 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 26 36 13 12 12 0 0 63 24 4810
2022 Shift worker 9 22 15 21 32 1 0 31 54 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 30 37 13 11 9 0 0 67 20 5350
2020 Shift worker 11 27 18 19 24 0 0 38 44 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 34 38 12 10 6 0 0 72 16 5750
2019 Shift worker 11 28 16 20 24 0 0 40 44 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 27 38 14 12 8 0 0 65 21 4900

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 23 17 18 29 0 0 36 47 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 31 35 15 10 10 0 0 65 19 4810
2022 Shift worker 11 22 17 20 30 0 0 33 50 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 36 33 14 9 7 0 0 69 16 5355
2020 Shift worker 13 26 19 18 23 0 0 40 41 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 38 33 14 8 6 0 0 72 14 5765
2019 Shift worker 14 24 19 19 23 0 0 39 42 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 32 33 16 11 8 0 0 65 19 4910

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 26 20 17 22 0 0 40 39 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 30 34 14 12 9 0 0 65 21 4810
2022 Shift worker 12 26 21 17 23 0 0 39 40 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 34 35 15 10 7 0 0 69 16 5350
2020 Shift worker 13 36 22 16 13 0 0 49 29 2050
2020 Non-shift worker 35 39 13 9 4 0 0 74 13 5695
2019 Shift worker 15 33 20 17 14 0 0 49 31 2230
2019 Non-shift worker 28 39 16 11 6 0 0 67 17 4835

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 18 18 20 32 4 1 26 55 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 18 33 21 14 11 3 0 53 25 4805
2022 Shift worker 7 20 19 22 29 2 0 28 53 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 19 37 19 12 9 3 0 59 22 5360
2020 Shift worker 8 30 21 21 18 2 0 38 40 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 22 41 18 11 5 4 0 65 16 5765
2019 Shift worker 7 26 23 22 19 3 0 34 42 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 18 38 21 13 7 3 0 58 21 4920

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 18 25 15 14 27 1 0 43 42 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 33 29 11 12 15 0 0 62 27 4810
2022 Shift worker 15 24 13 18 28 0 0 40 46 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 39 31 10 11 9 0 0 70 20 5355
2020 Shift worker 18 29 16 16 21 0 0 47 37 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 45 30 10 8 5 0 0 76 14 5755
2019 Shift worker 18 28 15 17 21 0 0 47 39 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 39 33 10 10 7 0 0 73 17 4900

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 39 33 15 5 3 0 5 76 8 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 38 31 17 7 5 0 1 70 13 4815
2022 Shift worker 41 31 14 5 3 1 5 76 8 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 37 31 16 8 6 0 1 69 14 5360
2020 Shift worker 45 35 12 3 2 0 2 82 5 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 37 33 17 8 5 0 0 70 13 5725
2019 Shift worker 39 34 16 6 3 0 2 74 9 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 37 32 18 7 5 0 0 70 12 4885

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 15 13 7 22 2 18 47 37 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 54 23 7 5 7 2 3 81 12 4810
2022 Shift worker 20 18 11 6 23 2 20 48 37 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 60 22 5 3 5 2 3 85 9 5355

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Unsure
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 36 29 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 41 27 32 4815
2022 Shift worker 38 32 30 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 43 27 30 5360
2020 Shift worker 21 42 37 2080
2020 Non-shift worker 28 36 36 5790
2019 Shift worker 23 41 36 2265
2019 Non-shift worker 32 31 37 4925

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.

Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)
To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)
To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)
To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)
End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)
Other reason
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 41 17 11 13 5 600
2024 Non-shift worker 15 38 28 6 8 5 1930
2022 Shift worker 9 43 23 10 7 7 665
2022 Non-shift worker 14 39 27 6 7 7 2215
2020 Shift worker 17 37 26 11 4 6 430
2020 Non-shift worker 20 36 30 4 6 5 1620
2019 Shift worker 14 30 21 13 17 6 505
2019 Non-shift worker 18 30 31 4 11 5 1575
Top of page

Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 32 15 14 16 1 0 54 31 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 40 38 10 8 5 0 0 78 13 4805
2022 Shift worker 18 35 16 15 16 1 0 53 31 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 43 38 9 6 4 0 0 81 10 5345
2020 Shift worker 20 37 18 14 11 0 0 57 25 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 46 37 9 5 3 0 0 83 8 5755
2019 Shift worker 22 35 17 14 12 0 0 57 26 2240
2019 Non-shift worker 38 40 11 7 4 0 0 78 11 4885

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 11 25 21 19 23 1 0 36 43 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 18 36 19 15 11 1 0 55 26 4810
2022 Shift worker 10 26 18 21 24 1 0 36 46 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 20 40 19 13 7 1 0 61 20 5350
2020 Shift worker 11 32 22 19 15 1 0 43 35 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 26 43 17 9 4 1 0 69 14 5765
2019 Shift worker 14 34 21 18 14 1 0 48 32 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 21 39 20 13 6 1 0 61 20 4910

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 21 28 28 12 7 2 3 20 51 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 17 28 31 14 7 1 2 22 46 4805
2022 Shift worker 22 28 28 12 6 1 3 19 52 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 13 26 33 17 9 1 2 26 40 5350
2020 Shift worker 22 31 28 12 5 1 1 18 54 2080
2020 Non-shift worker 11 24 35 20 8 1 1 28 36 5770
2019 Shift worker 18 27 29 15 9 1 1 25 46 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 14 28 33 16 8 1 1 24 43 4920

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 26 23 11 7 2 6 20 55 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 23 26 25 14 8 1 3 23 51 4795
2022 Shift worker 28 27 22 11 6 2 5 18 59 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 19 25 28 15 8 1 3 25 46 5355
2020 Shift worker 26 24 25 13 6 2 3 20 53 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 17 23 31 17 9 1 2 27 42 5755
2019 Shift worker 24 25 23 15 8 2 3 24 51 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 24 26 25 13 8 1 1 22 51 4915

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 10 25 26 17 2 12 50 21 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 12 16 30 24 14 1 3 40 29 4795
2022 Shift worker 7 10 24 29 16 1 12 52 20 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 10 16 30 25 15 1 3 42 27 5345
2020 Shift worker 7 8 25 35 17 1 6 56 16 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 10 15 30 28 15 1 1 44 25 5760
2019 Shift worker 6 9 26 32 19 2 7 55 17 2240
2019 Non-shift worker 13 18 29 25 14 1 1 40 31 4890

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 25 22 10 7 1 3 18 59 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 22 23 24 17 10 1 3 29 47 4800
2022 Shift worker 33 25 21 9 8 1 3 17 61 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 18 22 25 16 13 1 3 31 42 5340
2020 Shift worker 25 22 26 16 8 1 2 24 49 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 15 20 28 21 13 1 1 35 36 5770
2019 Shift worker 35 22 20 12 9 1 1 21 59 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 22 24 24 16 10 1 2 27 48 4910

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 20 21 17 12 4 5 31 46 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 14 17 24 22 15 3 5 40 34 4795
2022 Shift worker 27 22 22 13 9 2 5 23 53 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 14 21 26 18 14 3 5 34 38 5350
2020 Shift worker 18 19 25 22 12 2 2 36 38 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 9 15 28 27 17 3 2 46 25 5740
2019 Shift worker 22 21 23 18 11 3 2 31 45 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 16 21 27 19 12 2 2 33 39 4890

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 24 23 8 7 2 3 16 59 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 22 23 28 14 9 2 3 24 47 4800
2022 Shift worker 31 25 23 9 5 2 4 16 60 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 18 25 29 13 10 2 3 24 45 5355
2020 Shift worker 28 26 23 13 6 2 2 20 55 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 15 22 31 18 10 2 2 29 39 5750
2019 Shift worker 27 24 24 13 9 2 2 22 53 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 20 26 28 14 9 2 1 23 47 4905

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 26 25 10 5 1 2 15 59 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 12 19 34 21 12 1 3 33 32 4810
2022 Shift worker 32 26 25 9 5 1 2 14 60 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 9 15 33 26 14 1 2 41 25 5355
2020 Shift worker 26 26 28 14 5 0 0 19 53 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 9 19 36 24 11 0 1 35 28 5775
2019 Shift worker 32 28 26 8 5 1 0 14 61 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 18 25 32 16 8 1 1 24 43 4920

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 12 15 26 40 1 0 18 67 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 10 21 18 24 26 1 0 31 51 4810
2022 Shift worker 5 12 16 26 39 2 0 18 66 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 11 26 19 23 19 2 0 37 43 5355
2020 Shift worker 5 19 18 31 25 1 0 25 56 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 16 32 21 19 10 2 0 49 30 5730
2019 Shift worker 5 19 18 27 29 1 0 25 56 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 10 25 21 24 18 2 0 36 43 4895

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 21 28 12 16 22 1 0 50 38 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 45 29 8 9 8 1 0 74 17 4805
2022 Shift worker 22 26 14 16 21 0 0 48 37 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 48 28 8 8 7 1 0 77 15 5350
2020 Shift worker 21 29 12 18 19 1 0 50 37 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 48 27 9 9 6 1 0 76 16 5750
2019 Shift worker 22 28 14 18 17 0 0 51 35 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 42 28 10 11 9 0 0 71 19 4905

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 35 14 16 13 0 0 57 29 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 49 33 7 7 4 0 0 82 11 4805
2022 Shift worker 22 36 15 15 13 0 0 57 28 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 54 30 6 6 3 0 0 85 9 5355
2020 Shift worker 22 38 14 15 10 0 0 61 25 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 53 31 7 6 3 0 0 85 9 5745
2019 Shift worker 23 37 14 15 10 0 0 60 25 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 45 34 9 8 4 0 0 79 12 4910

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 20 36 20 10 12 2 0 57 23 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 43 36 11 5 4 1 0 80 9 4805
2022 Shift worker 19 37 20 10 13 1 0 57 23 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 46 34 10 5 3 1 0 81 8 5355
2020 Shift worker 19 40 21 10 8 1 1 60 19 2050
2020 Non-shift worker 45 35 11 5 3 1 0 82 7 5730
2019 Shift worker 19 39 21 10 9 1 1 59 20 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 39 38 13 5 4 1 0 78 9 4920

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 24 18 15 26 3 0 39 42 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 25 33 17 12 11 3 0 59 24 4805
2022 Shift worker 13 25 18 17 24 2 1 39 42 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 28 35 16 10 8 2 0 64 19 5360
2020 Shift worker 15 31 20 17 15 1 0 47 32 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 32 37 15 9 5 2 0 71 14 5740
2019 Shift worker 16 32 20 16 14 1 0 49 31 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 28 38 17 9 6 2 0 67 15 4890

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 28 18 8 11 9 2 58 22 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 28 33 17 8 5 8 1 67 14 4810
2022 Shift worker 21 30 19 9 12 7 2 56 23 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 31 36 15 6 4 7 1 72 11 5350
2020 Shift worker 20 31 23 11 11 4 1 53 22 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 35 35 16 6 3 4 0 74 10 5755
2019 Shift worker 22 31 22 10 10 4 1 56 21 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 33 36 18 6 4 3 0 72 10 4905

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 19 31 13 16 21 1 0 50 37 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 33 36 11 11 9 0 0 69 20 4810
2022 Shift worker 18 32 13 17 20 0 0 50 37 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 38 37 10 8 7 0 0 75 15 5360
2020 Shift worker 24 32 17 14 14 0 0 56 28 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 46 33 10 6 4 0 0 79 10 5755
2019 Shift worker 22 34 16 14 15 0 0 56 28 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 37 37 13 8 6 0 0 73 14 4915

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 25 14 9 16 6 4 57 27 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 37 27 11 6 7 6 5 72 15 4815
2022 Shift worker 28 27 13 10 14 4 3 59 26 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 42 27 9 6 6 6 4 76 13 5360

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 26 24 15 10 14 6 4 57 27 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 36 26 12 6 7 7 5 71 15 4815
2022 Shift worker 28 27 13 10 14 4 3 59 26 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 41 26 10 7 5 7 4 75 14 5360

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 20 18 21 11 11 15 3 47 27 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 24 24 21 7 5 17 2 59 14 4805
2022 Shift worker 20 23 24 12 8 12 3 49 23 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 28 28 22 6 3 12 1 65 10 5355
2020 Shift worker 21 32 23 9 10 4 1 56 20 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 33 34 17 6 3 6 1 72 10 5770

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 25 11 9 17 7 3 57 30 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 34 30 11 7 8 6 3 71 16 4805
2022 Shift worker 27 27 14 10 15 5 4 58 27 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 38 31 10 6 6 6 3 76 14 5345
2020 Shift worker 28 30 16 11 11 3 2 60 23 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 41 31 11 5 5 4 2 77 11 5765

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 7 23 8 20 32 6 18 45 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 7 12 25 5 8 36 6 34 23 4805
2022 Shift worker 5 9 25 7 18 32 5 21 40 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 9 16 25 4 5 36 5 42 17 5350

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 0 10 23 15 40 11 1 11 62 150
2022 Shift worker 1 4 10 22 52 8 3 6 83 140
2022 Non-shift worker 1 5 12 17 49 14 1 7 78 135
2020 Shift worker 2 6 9 23 47 9 3 10 81 90
2020 Non-shift worker 2 5 21 11 48 11 2 8 68 140

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 23 19 16 27 3 1 35 46 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 25 28 18 10 10 5 4 58 22 4800
2022 Shift worker 9 21 20 18 27 3 1 32 47 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 25 29 17 9 8 6 5 61 20 5355
2020 Shift worker 9 25 21 20 22 2 2 35 43 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 28 30 17 9 7 5 4 64 17 5770
2019 Shift worker 13 24 20 19 20 3 1 39 40 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 26 30 16 11 10 4 3 60 22 4905

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 15 30 17 14 19 3 1 47 35 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 25 34 16 12 9 3 1 61 22 4805
2022 Shift worker 12 30 16 17 21 2 1 44 39 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 25 35 15 12 8 4 1 63 21 5355
2020 Shift worker 16 35 17 14 14 2 1 53 29 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 31 36 14 9 5 2 1 70 15 5765
2019 Shift worker 18 34 17 15 14 2 1 53 30 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 27 37 15 10 7 2 1 66 18 4905

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 24 19 16 27 1 0 36 44 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 22 32 20 11 11 2 0 56 23 4805
2022 Shift worker 10 22 20 19 27 1 0 33 47 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 23 35 20 10 8 2 0 60 19 5350
2020 Shift worker 14 29 22 17 17 1 0 43 34 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 29 37 18 9 5 2 0 67 14 5750
2019 Shift worker 14 31 21 16 16 1 0 45 33 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 24 36 21 10 7 1 0 61 18 4905

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 20 13 17 34 4 1 34 53 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 17 22 17 15 21 8 2 42 39 4805
2022 Shift worker 12 20 13 18 33 3 1 34 53 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 18 23 17 13 16 10 2 47 33 5350
2020 Shift worker 12 22 14 19 30 3 1 35 51 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 21 23 18 14 14 8 2 49 31 5765
2019 Shift worker 12 24 14 18 29 3 0 37 48 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 17 22 18 15 18 7 3 43 37 4915

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 11 34 7 26 22 0 0 45 48 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 27 44 6 13 10 0 0 71 23 4800
2022 Shift worker 10 34 9 25 22 0 0 44 48 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 31 44 5 13 6 0 0 75 20 5360
2020 Shift worker 14 46 8 20 11 0 0 60 31 2080
2020 Non-shift worker 35 46 4 11 3 0 0 82 14 5780

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 31 10 20 23 0 0 47 43 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 30 29 9 16 16 0 1 59 32 4795
2022 Shift worker 14 32 11 20 23 0 0 45 44 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 37 34 8 12 8 0 1 72 20 5350
2020 Shift worker 19 38 10 20 13 0 0 57 33 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 41 37 8 10 3 0 1 79 13 5770
2019 Shift worker 18 32 11 23 16 0 0 50 39 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 39 35 7 12 7 0 0 74 19 4915

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 34 12 19 19 0 0 50 38 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 34 34 11 11 8 0 0 69 20 4800
2022 Shift worker 16 33 12 21 18 0 0 49 39 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 40 35 10 8 6 0 1 76 14 5345
2020 Shift worker 20 35 14 20 12 0 0 55 32 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 45 35 9 7 3 0 0 81 10 5740
2019 Shift worker 18 35 13 19 14 0 0 53 34 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 40 37 10 9 4 0 0 77 13 4890

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 62 15 7 4 4 0 7 84 9 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 69 17 5 4 3 0 2 87 8 4810

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 61 17 7 4 4 1 6 84 9 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 63 18 6 7 4 0 2 83 11 4800

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 69 12 6 2 4 1 6 87 6 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 81 11 3 1 2 0 3 94 3 4810
2022 Shift worker 69 12 5 2 4 1 6 87 7 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 81 10 3 1 2 0 2 94 3 5360
2019 Shift worker 71 13 7 2 4 1 3 87 6 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 77 12 4 2 2 0 3 92 3 4895

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 15 10 8 11 22 7 59 27 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 35 23 13 6 5 13 4 70 14 4815
2022 Shift worker 27 14 11 8 12 20 8 58 28 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 38 23 12 6 4 13 4 73 12 5360
2020 Shift worker 27 14 11 8 14 20 6 56 29 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 41 23 12 5 4 11 3 74 12 5775
2019 Shift worker 31 15 11 8 11 19 4 61 25 2265
2019 Non-shift worker 41 22 12 6 5 11 3 73 13 4925

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 69 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 14 86 4810
2022 Shift worker 32 68 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 13 87 5360
2020 Shift worker 25 75 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 5780
2019 Shift worker 26 74 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 15 85 4915

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 51 49 565
2024 Non-shift worker 44 56 645
2022 Shift worker 55 45 595
2022 Non-shift worker 48 52 690
2020 Shift worker 57 43 520
2020 Non-shift worker 50 50 680
2019 Shift worker 58 42 595
2019 Non-shift worker 56 44 740

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 67 33 565
2024 Non-shift worker 70 30 645
2022 Shift worker 65 35 595
2022 Non-shift worker 64 36 690
2020 Shift worker 69 31 520
2020 Non-shift worker 63 37 680
2019 Shift worker 68 32 595
2019 Non-shift worker 61 39 740

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 565
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 645
2022 Shift worker 6 94 595
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 690
2020 Shift worker 9 91 520
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 680
2019 Shift worker 7 93 595
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 740

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 93 565
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 645
2022 Shift worker 8 92 595
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 690
2020 Shift worker 7 93 520
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 680
2019 Shift worker 8 92 595
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 740

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 95 565
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 645
2022 Shift worker 5 95 595
2022 Non-shift worker 5 95 690
2020 Shift worker 5 95 520
2020 Non-shift worker 4 96 680
2019 Shift worker 4 96 595
2019 Non-shift worker 4 96 740

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 34 66 565
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 645
2022 Shift worker 32 68 595
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 690
2020 Shift worker 27 73 520
2020 Non-shift worker 6 94 680
2019 Shift worker 29 71 595
2019 Non-shift worker 6 94 740

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 565
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 645
2022 Shift worker 4 96 595
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 690
2020 Shift worker 2 98 520
2020 Non-shift worker 2 98 680
2019 Shift worker 4 96 595
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 740

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 48 52 565
2024 Non-shift worker 37 63 645
2022 Shift worker 43 57 595
2022 Non-shift worker 39 61 690
2020 Shift worker 45 55 520
2020 Non-shift worker 38 62 680
2019 Shift worker 44 56 590
2019 Non-shift worker 39 61 735

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 59 565
2024 Non-shift worker 45 55 645
2022 Shift worker 36 64 595
2022 Non-shift worker 39 61 690
2020 Shift worker 37 63 520
2020 Non-shift worker 37 63 680
2019 Shift worker 40 60 590
2019 Non-shift worker 35 65 735

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 50 565
2024 Non-shift worker 52 48 645
2022 Shift worker 55 45 595
2022 Non-shift worker 53 47 690
2020 Shift worker 53 47 520
2020 Non-shift worker 51 49 680
2019 Shift worker 53 47 590
2019 Non-shift worker 54 46 735

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 55 565
2024 Non-shift worker 43 57 645
2022 Shift worker 39 61 595
2022 Non-shift worker 45 55 690
2020 Shift worker 45 55 520
2020 Non-shift worker 42 58 680
2019 Shift worker 43 57 590
2019 Non-shift worker 43 57 735

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 67 565
2024 Non-shift worker 38 62 645
2022 Shift worker 32 68 595
2022 Non-shift worker 33 67 690
2020 Shift worker 32 68 520
2020 Non-shift worker 33 67 680
2019 Shift worker 36 64 590
2019 Non-shift worker 33 67 735

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 54 46 565
2024 Non-shift worker 49 51 645
2022 Shift worker 57 43 595
2022 Non-shift worker 54 46 690
2020 Shift worker 59 41 520
2020 Non-shift worker 53 47 680
2019 Shift worker 57 43 590
2019 Non-shift worker 52 48 735

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 55 565
2024 Non-shift worker 38 62 645
2022 Shift worker 39 61 595
2022 Non-shift worker 38 62 690
2020 Shift worker 47 53 520
2020 Non-shift worker 36 64 680
2019 Shift worker 46 54 590
2019 Non-shift worker 36 64 735

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 565
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 645
2022 Shift worker 3 97 595
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 690
2020 Shift worker 2 98 520
2020 Non-shift worker 2 98 680
2019 Shift worker 3 97 590
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 735

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 86 565
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 645
2022 Shift worker 13 87 595
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 690
2020 Shift worker 13 87 520
2020 Non-shift worker 7 93 680
2019 Shift worker 13 87 590
2019 Non-shift worker 9 91 735

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 18 82 565
2024 Non-shift worker 12 88 645
2022 Shift worker 15 85 595
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 690
2020 Shift worker 15 85 520
2020 Non-shift worker 13 87 680
2019 Shift worker 17 83 590
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 735

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 66 34 565
2024 Non-shift worker 60 40 645
2022 Shift worker 63 37 595
2022 Non-shift worker 56 44 690
2020 Shift worker 61 39 520
2020 Non-shift worker 53 47 680
2019 Shift worker 63 37 590
2019 Non-shift worker 54 46 735

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 34 66 565
2024 Non-shift worker 21 79 645
2022 Shift worker 33 67 595
2022 Non-shift worker 22 78 690
2020 Shift worker 36 64 520
2020 Non-shift worker 23 77 680
2019 Shift worker 33 67 590
2019 Non-shift worker 26 74 735

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 17 83 565
2024 Non-shift worker 19 81 645
2022 Shift worker 23 77 595
2022 Non-shift worker 19 81 690
2020 Shift worker 16 84 520
2020 Non-shift worker 18 82 680
2019 Shift worker 16 84 590
2019 Non-shift worker 17 83 735

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 43 57 565
2024 Non-shift worker 50 50 645
2022 Shift worker 41 59 595
2022 Non-shift worker 47 53 695
2020 Shift worker 45 55 520
2020 Non-shift worker 49 51 680
2019 Shift worker 49 51 590
2019 Non-shift worker 50 50 735

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 76 565
2024 Non-shift worker 20 80 645
2022 Shift worker 21 79 595
2022 Non-shift worker 20 80 695
2020 Shift worker 26 74 520
2020 Non-shift worker 26 74 680
2019 Shift worker 31 69 590
2019 Non-shift worker 26 74 735

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 96 565
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 645
2022 Shift worker 5 95 595
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 695
2020 Shift worker 4 96 520
2020 Non-shift worker 6 94 680
2019 Shift worker 5 95 590
2019 Non-shift worker 7 93 735

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 30 70 565
2024 Non-shift worker 23 77 645
2022 Shift worker 26 74 595
2022 Non-shift worker 17 83 695
2020 Shift worker 25 75 520
2020 Non-shift worker 18 82 680
2019 Shift worker 31 69 590
2019 Non-shift worker 18 82 735

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 93 565
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 645
2022 Shift worker 6 94 595
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 695
2020 Shift worker 7 93 520
2020 Non-shift worker 11 89 680
2019 Shift worker 9 91 590
2019 Non-shift worker 9 91 735

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 78 565
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 645
2022 Shift worker 14 86 595
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 695
2020 Shift worker 13 87 520
2020 Non-shift worker 11 89 680
2019 Shift worker 15 85 590
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 735

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 86 565
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 645
2022 Shift worker 12 88 595
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 695
2020 Shift worker 15 85 520
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 680
2019 Shift worker 17 83 590
2019 Non-shift worker 13 87 735

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 11 89 565
2024 Non-shift worker 12 88 645
2022 Shift worker 14 86 595
2022 Non-shift worker 14 86 695
2020 Shift worker 9 91 520
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 680
2019 Shift worker 13 87 590
2019 Non-shift worker 12 88 735

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 30 70 565
2024 Non-shift worker 29 71 645
2022 Shift worker 34 66 595
2022 Non-shift worker 30 70 695
2020 Shift worker 30 70 520
2020 Non-shift worker 29 71 680
2019 Shift worker 25 75 590
2019 Non-shift worker 30 70 735

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 92 445
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 590
2022 Shift worker 8 92 515
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 635
2020 Shift worker 7 93 455
2020 Non-shift worker 8 92 610
2019 Shift worker 12 88 495
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 680

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 15 85 445
2024 Non-shift worker 14 86 590
2022 Shift worker 13 87 515
2022 Non-shift worker 14 86 635
2020 Shift worker 14 86 455
2020 Non-shift worker 16 84 610
2019 Shift worker 14 86 495
2019 Non-shift worker 19 81 680

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 92 445
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 590
2022 Shift worker 6 94 515
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 635
2020 Shift worker 7 93 455
2020 Non-shift worker 8 92 610
2019 Shift worker 8 92 495
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 680

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 96 445
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 590
2022 Shift worker 3 97 515
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 635
2020 Shift worker 4 96 455
2020 Non-shift worker 5 95 610
2019 Shift worker 5 95 495
2019 Non-shift worker 6 94 680

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 445
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 590
2022 Shift worker 6 94 515
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 635
2020 Shift worker 6 94 455
2020 Non-shift worker 9 91 610
2019 Shift worker 7 93 495
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 680

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 445
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 590
2022 Shift worker 6 94 515
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 635
2020 Shift worker 5 95 455
2020 Non-shift worker 8 92 610
2019 Shift worker 7 93 495
2019 Non-shift worker 9 91 680

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 2 98 445
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 590
2022 Shift worker 2 98 515
2022 Non-shift worker 14 86 635
2020 Shift worker 3 97 455
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 610
2019 Shift worker 2 98 495
2019 Non-shift worker 11 89 680

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 445
2024 Non-shift worker 13 87 590
2022 Shift worker 13 87 515
2022 Non-shift worker 16 84 635
2020 Shift worker 12 88 455
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 610
2019 Shift worker 11 89 495
2019 Non-shift worker 12 88 680

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 445
2024 Non-shift worker 15 85 590
2022 Shift worker 10 90 515
2022 Non-shift worker 16 84 635
2020 Shift worker 11 89 455
2020 Non-shift worker 16 84 610
2019 Shift worker 10 90 495
2019 Non-shift worker 11 89 680

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 38 62 445
2024 Non-shift worker 36 64 590
2022 Shift worker 41 59 515
2022 Non-shift worker 35 65 635
2020 Shift worker 40 60 455
2020 Non-shift worker 36 64 610
2019 Shift worker 40 60 495
2019 Non-shift worker 33 67 680

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 445
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 590
2022 Shift worker 10 90 515
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 635
2020 Shift worker 11 89 455
2020 Non-shift worker 11 89 610
2019 Shift worker 9 91 495
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 680

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 55 45 445
2024 Non-shift worker 53 47 590
2022 Shift worker 51 49 515
2022 Non-shift worker 50 50 635
2020 Shift worker 60 40 455
2020 Non-shift worker 52 48 610
2019 Shift worker 56 44 495
2019 Non-shift worker 51 49 680

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 2 98 445
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 590
2022 Shift worker 1 99 515
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 635
2020 Shift worker 2 98 455
2020 Non-shift worker 1 99 610
2019 Shift worker 3 97 495
2019 Non-shift worker 1 99 680

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 64 36 445
2024 Non-shift worker 62 38 590
2022 Shift worker 65 35 515
2022 Non-shift worker 65 35 635
2020 Shift worker 67 33 455
2020 Non-shift worker 62 38 610
2019 Shift worker 67 33 495
2019 Non-shift worker 60 40 680

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 445
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 590

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 87 445
2024 Non-shift worker 13 87 590
2022 Shift worker 18 82 515
2022 Non-shift worker 16 84 635
2020 Shift worker 12 88 455
2020 Non-shift worker 14 86 610
2019 Shift worker 13 87 495
2019 Non-shift worker 15 85 680

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 11 14 14 30 20 4 24 58 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 11 13 15 9 13 30 10 39 36 4805
2022 Shift worker 7 10 16 13 31 18 5 22 57 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 11 13 15 9 12 32 8 41 34 5355
2020 Shift worker 8 17 19 16 24 13 4 30 47 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 16 17 19 9 9 23 7 48 25 5775
2019 Shift worker 9 16 20 15 23 13 3 30 46 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 13 16 21 10 12 21 7 41 30 4920

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 19 16 17 27 9 1 34 48 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 20 26 17 10 11 14 2 54 25 4815
2022 Shift worker 11 20 18 16 27 8 1 34 47 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 22 29 17 9 9 13 2 59 21 5355
2020 Shift worker 14 23 21 17 20 5 1 39 39 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 27 28 20 9 7 8 1 61 17 5775
2019 Shift worker 15 25 20 15 19 5 1 43 36 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 24 28 21 9 9 8 1 58 20 4920

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 76 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 12 88 4810
2022 Shift worker 26 74 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 5355
2020 Shift worker 18 82 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 8 92 5770
2019 Shift worker 16 84 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 4915

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 69 445
2024 Non-shift worker 33 67 535
2022 Shift worker 33 67 480
2022 Non-shift worker 32 68 505
2020 Shift worker 40 60 380
2020 Non-shift worker 36 64 445
2019 Shift worker 39 61 370
2019 Non-shift worker 38 62 465

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 84 16 445
2024 Non-shift worker 79 21 535
2022 Shift worker 78 22 480
2022 Non-shift worker 76 24 505
2020 Shift worker 79 21 380
2020 Non-shift worker 81 19 445
2019 Shift worker 80 20 370
2019 Non-shift worker 75 25 465

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 445
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 535
2022 Shift worker 4 96 480
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 505
2020 Shift worker 3 97 380
2020 Non-shift worker 5 95 445
2019 Shift worker 3 97 370
2019 Non-shift worker 4 96 465

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 96 445
2024 Non-shift worker 1 99 535
2022 Shift worker 8 92 480
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 505
2020 Shift worker 5 95 380
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 445
2019 Shift worker 5 95 370
2019 Non-shift worker 1 99 465

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 445
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 535
2022 Shift worker 8 92 480
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 505
2020 Shift worker 4 96 380
2020 Non-shift worker 7 93 445
2019 Shift worker 6 94 370
2019 Non-shift worker 6 94 465

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 78 445
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 535
2022 Shift worker 23 77 480
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 505
2020 Shift worker 22 78 380
2020 Non-shift worker 7 93 445
2019 Shift worker 25 75 370
2019 Non-shift worker 6 94 465

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 92 445
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 535
2022 Shift worker 11 89 480
2022 Non-shift worker 14 86 505
2020 Shift worker 6 94 380
2020 Non-shift worker 10 90 445
2019 Shift worker 6 94 370
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 465

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 38 62 440
2024 Non-shift worker 30 70 525
2022 Shift worker 32 68 480
2022 Non-shift worker 26 74 505
2020 Shift worker 25 75 380
2020 Non-shift worker 30 70 445
2019 Shift worker 24 76 365
2019 Non-shift worker 21 79 455

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 78 440
2024 Non-shift worker 19 81 525
2022 Shift worker 18 82 480
2022 Non-shift worker 19 81 505
2020 Shift worker 16 84 380
2020 Non-shift worker 19 81 445
2019 Shift worker 21 79 365
2019 Non-shift worker 16 84 455

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 28 72 440
2024 Non-shift worker 14 86 525
2022 Shift worker 21 79 480
2022 Non-shift worker 17 83 505
2020 Shift worker 14 86 380
2020 Non-shift worker 18 82 445
2019 Shift worker 16 84 365
2019 Non-shift worker 15 85 455

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 440
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 525
2022 Shift worker 11 89 480
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 505
2020 Shift worker 9 91 380
2020 Non-shift worker 7 93 445
2019 Shift worker 8 92 365
2019 Non-shift worker 4 96 455

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 73 440
2024 Non-shift worker 25 75 525
2022 Shift worker 23 77 480
2022 Non-shift worker 23 77 505
2020 Shift worker 23 77 380
2020 Non-shift worker 26 74 445
2019 Shift worker 25 75 365
2019 Non-shift worker 27 73 455

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 42 58 440
2024 Non-shift worker 30 70 525
2022 Shift worker 38 62 480
2022 Non-shift worker 33 67 505
2020 Shift worker 35 65 380
2020 Non-shift worker 28 72 445
2019 Shift worker 39 61 365
2019 Non-shift worker 30 70 455

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 11 89 440
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 525
2022 Shift worker 8 92 480
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 505
2020 Shift worker 7 93 380
2020 Non-shift worker 4 96 445
2019 Shift worker 7 93 365
2019 Non-shift worker 3 97 455

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 95 440
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 525
2022 Shift worker 5 95 480
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 505
2020 Shift worker 1 99 380
2020 Non-shift worker 2 98 445
2019 Shift worker 2 98 365
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 455

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 440
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 525
2022 Shift worker 11 89 480
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 505
2020 Shift worker 15 85 380
2020 Non-shift worker 10 90 445
2019 Shift worker 15 85 365
2019 Non-shift worker 9 91 455

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 75 440
2024 Non-shift worker 25 75 525
2022 Shift worker 27 73 480
2022 Non-shift worker 21 79 505
2020 Shift worker 31 69 380
2020 Non-shift worker 23 77 445
2019 Shift worker 28 72 365
2019 Non-shift worker 21 79 455

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 440
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 525
2022 Shift worker 5 95 480
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 505

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 76 440
2024 Non-shift worker 31 69 525
2022 Shift worker 24 76 480
2022 Non-shift worker 19 81 505
2020 Shift worker 16 84 380
2020 Non-shift worker 21 79 445
2019 Shift worker 23 77 365
2019 Non-shift worker 22 78 455

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Shift worker 0 100 480
2022 Non-shift worker 0 100 505

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 30 70 445
2024 Non-shift worker 28 72 535
2022 Shift worker 26 74 480
2022 Non-shift worker 32 68 505
2020 Shift worker 26 74 380
2020 Non-shift worker 29 71 445
2019 Shift worker 33 67 360
2019 Non-shift worker 28 72 455

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 86 445
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 535
2022 Shift worker 12 88 480
2022 Non-shift worker 13 87 505
2020 Shift worker 12 88 380
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 445
2019 Shift worker 17 83 360
2019 Non-shift worker 15 85 455

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 97 445
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 535
2022 Shift worker 4 96 480
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 505
2020 Shift worker 4 96 380
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 445
2019 Shift worker 5 95 360
2019 Non-shift worker 3 97 455

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 77 445
2024 Non-shift worker 18 82 535
2022 Shift worker 24 76 480
2022 Non-shift worker 17 83 505
2020 Shift worker 20 80 380
2020 Non-shift worker 16 84 445
2019 Shift worker 25 75 360
2019 Non-shift worker 14 86 455

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 445
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 535
2022 Shift worker 3 97 480
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 505
2020 Shift worker 3 97 380
2020 Non-shift worker 5 95 445
2019 Shift worker 5 95 360
2019 Non-shift worker 6 94 455

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 84 445
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 535
2022 Shift worker 14 86 480
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 505
2020 Shift worker 11 89 380
2020 Non-shift worker 10 90 445
2019 Shift worker 14 86 360
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 455

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 445
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 535
2022 Shift worker 7 93 480
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 505
2020 Shift worker 11 89 380
2020 Non-shift worker 8 92 445
2019 Shift worker 10 90 360
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 455

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 92 445
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 535
2022 Shift worker 12 88 480
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 505
2020 Shift worker 6 94 380
2020 Non-shift worker 11 89 445
2019 Shift worker 11 89 360
2019 Non-shift worker 11 89 455

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 53 47 445
2024 Non-shift worker 54 46 535
2022 Shift worker 50 50 480
2022 Non-shift worker 50 50 505
2020 Shift worker 50 50 380
2020 Non-shift worker 49 51 445
2019 Shift worker 43 57 360
2019 Non-shift worker 50 50 455

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 96 375
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 500
2022 Shift worker 3 97 410
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 465
2020 Shift worker 6 94 340
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 400
2019 Shift worker 5 95 285
2019 Non-shift worker 7 93 385

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 9 91 375
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 500
2022 Shift worker 9 91 410
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 465
2020 Shift worker 12 88 340
2020 Non-shift worker 15 85 400
2019 Shift worker 11 89 285
2019 Non-shift worker 13 87 385

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 95 375
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 500
2022 Shift worker 1 99 410
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 465
2020 Shift worker 4 96 340
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 400
2019 Shift worker 2 98 285
2019 Non-shift worker 4 96 385

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 1 99 500
2022 Shift worker 1 99 410
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 465
2019 Shift worker 3 97 285
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 385

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 1 99 375
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 500
2022 Shift worker 2 98 410
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 465

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 1 99 375
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 500
2022 Shift worker 4 96 410
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 465
2020 Shift worker 2 98 340
2020 Non-shift worker 3 97 400
2019 Shift worker 5 95 285
2019 Non-shift worker 4 96 385

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 500
2022 Shift worker 3 97 410
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 465
2019 Shift worker 3 97 285
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 385

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 375
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 500
2022 Shift worker 11 89 410
2022 Non-shift worker 13 87 465
2020 Shift worker 9 91 340
2020 Non-shift worker 13 87 400
2019 Shift worker 11 89 285
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 385

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 90 375
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 500
2022 Shift worker 10 90 410
2022 Non-shift worker 11 89 465
2020 Shift worker 9 91 340
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 400
2019 Shift worker 12 88 285
2019 Non-shift worker 11 89 385

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 37 63 375
2024 Non-shift worker 30 70 500
2022 Shift worker 39 61 410
2022 Non-shift worker 30 70 465
2020 Shift worker 33 67 340
2020 Non-shift worker 33 67 400
2019 Shift worker 33 67 285
2019 Non-shift worker 28 72 385

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 93 375
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 500
2022 Shift worker 12 88 410
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 465
2020 Shift worker 9 91 340
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 400
2019 Shift worker 8 92 285
2019 Non-shift worker 9 91 385

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 51 49 375
2024 Non-shift worker 48 52 500
2022 Shift worker 51 49 410
2022 Non-shift worker 43 57 465
2020 Shift worker 53 47 340
2020 Non-shift worker 48 52 400
2019 Shift worker 52 48 285
2019 Non-shift worker 45 55 385

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 2 98 375
2024 Non-shift worker 2 98 500
2022 Shift worker 3 97 410
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 465
2020 Shift worker 1 99 340
2020 Non-shift worker 2 98 400
2019 Shift worker 3 97 285
2019 Non-shift worker 2 98 385

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 69 31 375
2024 Non-shift worker 69 31 500
2022 Shift worker 71 29 410
2022 Non-shift worker 64 36 465
2020 Shift worker 66 34 340
2020 Non-shift worker 68 32 400
2019 Shift worker 70 30 285
2019 Non-shift worker 62 38 385

Question 69o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 2 98 375
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 500

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 15 85 375
2024 Non-shift worker 14 86 500
2022 Shift worker 15 85 410
2022 Non-shift worker 17 83 465
2020 Shift worker 12 88 340
2020 Non-shift worker 12 88 400
2019 Shift worker 7 93 285
2019 Non-shift worker 12 88 385

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 9 11 20 12 23 22 3 27 47 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 12 14 19 7 9 32 7 42 26 4810
2022 Shift worker 8 11 23 13 22 20 3 25 45 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 13 15 20 6 7 33 6 46 22 5355
2020 Shift worker 10 18 25 11 16 17 4 35 34 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 18 18 22 5 6 26 6 53 16 5775
2019 Shift worker 12 17 26 9 15 17 4 37 30 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 16 17 24 5 7 25 6 47 18 4905

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 14 19 19 13 22 12 1 37 40 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 20 27 19 8 9 15 2 56 21 4810
2022 Shift worker 12 20 21 13 22 9 2 36 40 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 23 29 19 7 7 13 2 61 17 5355
2020 Shift worker 16 25 24 13 15 7 1 44 30 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 28 30 20 6 5 10 1 65 12 5765
2019 Shift worker 18 26 23 9 14 8 1 49 26 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 27 28 22 6 6 10 1 62 13 4910

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 76 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 19 81 4810
2022 Shift worker 27 73 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 15 85 5360
2020 Shift worker 19 81 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 15 85 5760
2019 Shift worker 24 76 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 18 82 4920

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 57 43 450
2024 Non-shift worker 60 40 925
2022 Shift worker 51 49 495
2022 Non-shift worker 55 45 780
2020 Shift worker 45 55 405
2020 Non-shift worker 53 47 835

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 67 33 450
2024 Non-shift worker 65 35 920
2022 Shift worker 71 29 495
2022 Non-shift worker 71 29 785
2020 Shift worker 75 25 405
2020 Non-shift worker 80 20 840
2019 Shift worker 78 22 550
2019 Non-shift worker 81 19 860

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 34 10 9 13 0 0 68 22 305
2024 Non-shift worker 37 34 11 9 8 1 0 72 18 590
2022 Shift worker 31 31 10 15 11 0 1 63 27 355
2022 Non-shift worker 39 33 8 10 9 1 1 73 19 555
2020 Shift worker 39 32 9 11 9 0 0 71 20 305
2020 Non-shift worker 45 34 8 8 3 1 0 81 11 670
2019 Shift worker 35 35 6 13 11 0 0 70 24 430
2019 Non-shift worker 44 33 7 9 6 0 0 78 15 700

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 31 12 14 15 4 2 57 31 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 37 31 10 9 7 3 2 72 17 4805
2022 Shift worker 21 31 12 14 15 4 2 55 32 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 40 33 9 7 5 3 2 78 13 5360
2020 Shift worker 22 29 15 17 13 2 2 53 31 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 45 31 9 7 3 2 2 79 11 5780
Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 29 29 10 11 19 1 0 59 31 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 48 29 7 6 8 1 1 78 15 4810
2022 Shift worker 27 31 10 12 18 2 0 59 31 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 50 29 7 6 6 1 0 80 13 5360
2020 Shift worker 24 30 12 15 18 1 0 55 33 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 47 30 9 8 5 1 0 78 14 5750

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 12 16 8 30 8 18 52 26 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 4 8 16 7 35 6 24 60 17 4795
2022 Shift worker 7 11 19 8 32 6 17 52 23 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 5 7 15 8 36 7 23 62 16 5350

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 29 17 16 22 2 0 43 39 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 19 37 19 12 11 3 0 58 23 4810
2022 Shift worker 12 30 18 17 22 2 0 42 39 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 23 40 16 10 7 3 0 66 18 5355
2020 Shift worker 18 39 17 14 11 1 0 58 25 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 35 42 12 7 3 1 0 78 10 5775
2019 Shift worker 19 38 18 13 10 1 0 58 24 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 28 42 15 9 5 2 0 71 14 4905

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?

Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)
Very good
(%)
Good
(%)
Fair
(%)
Poor
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 26 33 20 8 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 10 25 35 21 9 4810
2022 Shift worker 11 23 37 21 8 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 11 27 35 21 7 5360

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 28 17 10 14 4 1 56 25 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 47 27 11 5 6 3 1 78 11 4810
2022 Shift worker 26 26 18 10 14 5 1 55 26 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 50 27 10 4 4 3 1 81 8 5365
2020 Shift worker 21 28 19 11 16 5 1 52 28 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 46 28 12 5 4 3 1 77 10 5755

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 21 10 15 28 2 0 45 45 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 41 26 8 10 12 2 1 68 23 4810
2022 Shift worker 22 24 10 14 28 2 0 47 43 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 43 26 9 10 10 2 0 70 21 5360
2020 Shift worker 17 25 13 17 27 1 0 42 45 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 37 28 11 12 10 1 0 66 23 5765

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 9 20 14 20 35 1 0 30 56 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 17 33 16 16 15 2 0 52 32 4810
2022 Shift worker 8 20 15 24 32 2 0 28 57 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 24 35 15 14 10 2 0 60 24 5360
2020 Shift worker 11 21 19 21 27 2 0 33 48 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 31 33 16 11 7 1 0 65 19 5775
2019 Shift worker 10 22 19 22 27 1 0 32 49 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 19 34 19 16 11 1 0 54 28 4920

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 13 36 17 18 15 1 0 49 34 260
2024 Non-shift worker 13 45 15 16 10 1 0 58 27 1090
2022 Shift worker 11 39 15 20 15 0 0 51 34 255
2022 Non-shift worker 15 48 13 16 6 1 0 64 22 1305
2020 Shift worker 12 50 17 15 6 1 0 62 21 310
2020 Non-shift worker 22 48 14 11 4 1 1 71 15 1310
2019 Shift worker 13 46 12 21 9 0 0 59 29 290
2019 Non-shift worker 22 46 13 12 5 1 1 69 18 1060

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 31 18 7 11 1 1 32 68 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 35 28 16 8 11 0 2 36 64 4785
2022 Shift worker 28 31 18 9 13 0 1 1795
2022 Non-shift worker 32 27 17 9 13 0 2 5325
2020 Shift worker 20 27 25 14 13 0 0 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 34 28 19 10 8 0 1 5770
2019 Shift worker 22 26 20 12 19 0 0 2265
2019 Non-shift worker 27 25 19 12 16 0 1 4915

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 28 22 12 12 1 1 24 76 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 20 25 25 15 15 0 1 20 80 4790
2022 Shift worker 23 30 22 12 12 0 1 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 19 27 24 14 15 0 1 5330
2020 Shift worker 27 32 21 11 8 0 1 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 21 26 26 15 12 0 0 5780
2019 Shift worker 23 28 23 13 13 0 1 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 21 27 24 15 11 0 1 4915

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 26 16 7 6 1 7 39 61 1795
2024 Non-shift worker 26 27 22 12 11 0 2 26 74 4790
2022 Shift worker 36 28 15 7 6 1 7 1790
2022 Non-shift worker 26 28 21 12 11 0 2 5335
2020 Shift worker 41 30 15 5 4 1 4 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 28 29 20 12 9 0 1 5765
2019 Shift worker 36 30 16 7 6 0 5 2235
2019 Non-shift worker 27 28 22 13 8 0 1 4890

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 12 14 18 18 36 1 1 12 88 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 20 21 21 16 20 1 2 21 79 4795
2022 Shift worker 9 13 20 20 38 0 0 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 19 20 21 17 20 1 1 5345
2020 Shift worker 21 22 20 17 20 0 0 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 25 25 20 16 12 1 1 5750
2019 Shift worker 12 15 17 17 39 0 0 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 19 22 21 18 18 0 1 4905

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 35 25 17 9 10 1 3 37 63 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 50 20 10 5 5 1 10 56 44 4795
2022 Shift worker 31 28 19 10 11 0 2 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 48 22 11 6 6 1 7 5340
2020 Shift worker 47 27 13 6 4 0 2 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 50 23 12 6 5 0 4 5755
2019 Shift worker 31 27 18 11 12 0 1 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 52 21 12 5 3 0 6 4900

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 19 24 21 14 22 1 1 19 81 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 27 23 19 12 18 0 1 27 73 4790
2022 Shift worker 16 23 23 14 23 0 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 29 26 19 11 13 0 1 5345
2020 Shift worker 19 24 24 15 18 0 0 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 29 27 21 12 11 0 1 5770
2019 Shift worker 16 24 24 13 23 0 0 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 31 27 20 10 10 0 1 4910

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 17 23 20 14 23 1 2 17 83 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 26 29 20 12 12 1 2 27 73 4785
2022 Shift worker 17 23 21 16 21 1 1 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 29 30 20 10 9 1 1 5340
2020 Shift worker 17 24 26 16 15 1 1 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 33 32 19 9 5 1 1 5745
2019 Shift worker 19 27 25 14 14 0 1 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 26 34 21 11 7 1 1 4900

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 19 20 20 15 23 2 2 20 80 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 20 25 21 15 17 1 2 21 79 4800
2022 Shift worker 17 21 21 17 22 1 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 22 28 21 14 13 1 1 5340
2020 Shift worker 15 22 24 19 19 1 0 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 25 31 23 13 7 0 1 5745
2019 Shift worker 20 25 22 17 15 1 1 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 20 29 24 15 10 1 1 4905

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 21 19 15 20 2 1 22 78 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 27 27 18 12 14 0 1 27 73 4795
2022 Shift worker 20 22 20 15 21 1 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 28 29 19 12 12 1 1 5350
2020 Shift worker 19 24 23 16 18 0 0 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 30 31 20 11 7 0 1 5750
2019 Shift worker 23 25 21 15 14 0 0 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 26 29 22 13 10 0 1 4895

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 21 16 14 26 1 1 22 78 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 36 26 16 9 12 1 1 37 63 4785
2022 Shift worker 20 20 17 13 28 0 0 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 39 25 16 8 10 1 1 5335
2020 Shift worker 21 24 18 15 21 0 0 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 42 26 15 8 8 0 1 5740
2019 Shift worker 24 22 19 16 18 0 0 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 35 28 16 10 10 0 1 4890

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 38 25 13 8 12 1 2 39 61 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 49 25 12 5 7 1 2 50 50 4795
2022 Shift worker 38 26 16 8 10 1 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 49 26 12 6 5 0 2 5345
2020 Shift worker 33 29 18 10 9 0 1 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 30 30 22 10 6 0 1 5755

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 23 21 15 18 1 1 22 78 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 30 28 19 11 11 0 1 31 69 4790
2022 Shift worker 21 24 23 15 17 1 1 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 29 30 20 11 8 1 1 5350
2020 Shift worker 16 22 21 18 23 0 0 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 26 32 22 11 8 0 1 5745
2019 Shift worker 22 27 20 16 14 0 1 2240
2019 Non-shift worker 29 30 21 11 7 0 1 4885

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 30 26 17 11 14 1 1 30 70 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 37 19 13 10 17 1 3 38 62 4785
2022 Shift worker 29 27 19 10 14 0 1 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 47 21 13 7 8 1 3 5340
2020 Shift worker 31 28 18 11 10 0 0 2050
2020 Non-shift worker 51 26 14 5 3 0 1 5740
2019 Shift worker 31 26 20 12 11 0 0 2235
2019 Non-shift worker 49 25 13 6 5 0 2 4885

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 28 29 17 10 14 1 1 29 71 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 37 31 16 7 7 0 2 38 62 4785
2022 Shift worker 25 27 19 13 15 0 1 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 45 31 13 5 5 0 1 5345
2020 Shift worker 34 27 18 10 9 0 1 2055
2020 Non-shift worker 34 35 20 7 4 0 1 5750

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 16 6 3 5 2 9 67 33 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 66 12 5 2 3 1 11 75 25 4790

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 49 17 9 5 10 2 8 54 46 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 55 14 8 4 9 1 8 61 39 4790

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 19 11 7 13 2 3 47 53 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 65 12 7 3 6 2 5 70 30 4800
2022 Shift worker 45 19 11 7 13 1 2 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 68 12 5 3 5 2 4 5360
2020 Shift worker 53 17 11 8 9 1 1 2050
2020 Non-shift worker 73 11 5 3 4 1 3 5745
2019 Shift worker 50 19 12 7 10 1 1 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 65 14 7 5 6 1 2 4905

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 31 13 6 7 1 2 42 58 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 61 21 8 3 3 1 3 63 37 4800
2022 Shift worker 42 32 13 6 6 0 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 64 20 7 3 3 1 3 5350
2020 Shift worker 44 31 13 6 5 0 1 2050
2020 Non-shift worker 65 20 8 2 2 0 2 5740
2019 Shift worker 40 32 15 6 6 0 1 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 52 28 11 4 3 0 1 4900

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 22 14 9 17 1 1 37 63 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 57 18 9 5 8 1 3 59 41 4790
2022 Shift worker 37 23 13 9 17 0 1 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 60 17 9 5 6 1 2 5345
2020 Shift worker 41 21 13 11 13 0 1 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 64 17 8 5 5 0 2 5750
2019 Shift worker 39 23 16 10 11 0 1 2230
2019 Non-shift worker 56 20 11 6 6 0 1 4890

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 49 9 4 2 2 1 32 74 26 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 59 10 4 1 1 1 23 78 22 4795
2022 Shift worker 50 10 4 2 3 0 31 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 61 10 4 2 1 0 22 5335
2020 Shift worker 51 10 5 2 2 0 30 2065
2020 Non-shift worker 61 11 4 2 1 0 21 5760
2019 Shift worker 51 10 6 2 2 1 28 2225
2019 Non-shift worker 56 11 6 2 2 0 24 4870

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 42 25 14 6 7 1 4 45 55 1800
2024 Non-shift worker 65 17 6 2 2 1 7 71 29 4790
2022 Shift worker 41 26 14 7 8 1 3 1800
2022 Non-shift worker 67 16 6 2 1 1 6 5335
2020 Shift worker 45 26 15 7 5 0 2 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 67 19 7 2 1 0 3 5780
2019 Shift worker 46 26 14 6 5 0 3 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 66 19 7 2 1 0 5 4880

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 64 16 6 2 6 1 5 68 32 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 59 17 6 4 7 1 5 63 37 4800
2022 Shift worker 68 15 5 2 5 1 5 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 72 12 5 2 4 1 4 5355
2020 Shift worker 68 19 6 2 4 0 2 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 70 16 6 3 3 0 2 5775
2019 Shift worker 70 16 5 3 3 0 2 2255
2019 Non-shift worker 70 13 6 3 4 0 3 4910

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 46 28 12 4 5 1 4 49 51 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 48 27 13 4 4 1 4 50 50 4800
2022 Shift worker 48 29 11 4 4 0 3 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 49 26 13 5 3 1 3 5355
2020 Shift worker 43 30 17 5 4 0 1 2075
2020 Non-shift worker 45 30 15 5 3 0 1 5775
2019 Shift worker 50 28 13 4 3 0 2 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 52 27 12 4 2 0 2 4890

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)
Low
(%)
Moderate
(%)
High
(%)
Very High
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 27 35 18 12 0 0 35 30 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 8 28 39 16 9 0 0 36 25 4815
2022 Shift worker 7 26 36 20 10 0 0 34 30 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 10 30 37 14 8 0 0 40 22 5360
2020 Shift worker 10 27 33 19 10 0 0 37 29 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 14 33 33 13 5 0 0 48 19 5775
2019 Shift worker 12 30 35 15 8 0 0 42 24 2260
2019 Non-shift worker 15 31 34 14 5 0 0 47 19 4920

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 18 28 33 14 7 0 0 21 46 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 15 23 38 16 7 0 0 24 38 4800
2022 Shift worker 17 26 36 14 7 0 0 21 42 1805
2022 Non-shift worker 11 21 39 19 10 0 0 29 32 5345
2020 Shift worker 17 23 34 18 8 0 0 25 40 2060
2020 Non-shift worker 12 18 39 22 9 0 0 31 30 5745
2019 Shift worker 15 22 37 18 8 0 0 26 37 2245
2019 Non-shift worker 11 19 39 21 10 0 0 31 30 4885
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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 21 47 1810
2024 Non-shift worker 18 61 4815
2022 Shift worker 25 48 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 22 58 5360
2020 Shift worker 33 34 2080
2020 Non-shift worker 29 48 5790

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 60 40 365
2024 Non-shift worker 56 44 865
2022 Shift worker 59 41 425
2022 Non-shift worker 46 54 1160
2020 Shift worker 55 45 660
2020 Non-shift worker 52 48 1710

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 37 15 8 4 5 10 21 53 47 1805
2024 Non-shift worker 42 14 9 4 5 6 19 56 44 4805
2022 Shift worker 38 16 11 6 5 7 18 1810
2022 Non-shift worker 41 15 10 5 6 5 18 5360
2020 Shift worker 38 19 13 8 8 3 10 2070
2020 Non-shift worker 44 18 13 8 6 2 10 5770
2019 Shift worker 46 15 12 7 11 2 8 2250
2019 Non-shift worker 45 16 12 9 10 1 8 4870

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 19 15 15 40 2 5 25 59 365
2024 Non-shift worker 8 21 13 18 35 1 4 31 55 865
2022 Shift worker 5 16 19 18 36 2 4 23 57 425
2022 Non-shift worker 9 19 11 21 35 2 4 29 59 1160
2020 Shift worker 6 16 20 21 35 1 2 22 58 660
2020 Non-shift worker 10 24 14 22 26 1 3 35 50 1710

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 14 13 17 37 5 6 24 61 365
2024 Non-shift worker 7 18 12 18 35 2 8 28 59 860
2022 Shift worker 6 18 16 15 38 3 4 26 57 425
2022 Non-shift worker 6 16 13 18 37 2 9 25 61 1160
2020 Shift worker 4 16 20 17 36 2 5 21 57 655
2020 Non-shift worker 9 19 13 22 29 1 8 31 55 1705
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