2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for National Research Council Canada by Question 97. Are you currently a shift worker?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Table of contents

Top of page

Employee engagement

Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 31 13 8 7 0 0 72 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 41 38 10 7 3 0 0 79 10 2570
2022 Shift worker 42 35 8 7 6 0 0 78 14 90
2022 Non-shift worker 42 38 11 6 3 0 0 80 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 33 47 13 4 3 0 0 80 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 46 37 9 6 3 0 0 82 9 2490
2019 Shift worker 47 43 8 2 0 0 0 89 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 43 37 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 2365

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 37 37 15 7 4 0 0 74 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 36 38 12 8 6 0 0 74 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 43 28 14 10 5 0 0 70 15 90
2022 Non-shift worker 37 36 12 9 5 0 0 73 15 2615
2020 Shift worker 35 40 16 3 5 0 0 76 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 38 38 13 8 4 0 0 76 11 2490
2019 Shift worker 38 42 15 4 0 0 0 80 4 80
2019 Non-shift worker 35 38 13 10 5 0 0 73 15 2360

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 53 25 12 2 8 0 0 79 9 90
2024 Non-shift worker 55 32 8 3 1 0 0 88 5 2565
2022 Shift worker 51 36 4 7 2 0 0 87 9 90
2022 Non-shift worker 57 32 8 2 1 0 0 89 3 2615
2020 Shift worker 54 34 12 0 1 0 0 87 1 90
2020 Non-shift worker 58 31 7 2 1 0 0 90 3 2480
2019 Shift worker 58 36 5 1 0 0 0 94 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 57 31 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 2350

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 32 6 6 5 0 0 82 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 46 37 10 5 2 0 0 84 7 2570
2022 Shift worker 44 41 5 7 3 0 0 85 9 90
2022 Non-shift worker 47 37 10 4 2 0 0 84 6 2615
2020 Shift worker 49 41 7 3 0 0 0 90 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 53 35 7 4 1 0 0 88 5 2490
2019 Shift worker 55 36 7 2 0 0 0 90 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 49 36 9 4 1 0 0 85 5 2365

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 49 27 15 5 4 0 0 76 9 90
2024 Non-shift worker 44 32 13 7 4 0 0 76 11 2575
2022 Shift worker 50 23 14 8 5 0 0 73 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 45 32 12 7 4 0 0 77 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 55 27 13 2 3 0 0 82 5 85
2020 Non-shift worker 53 30 11 4 2 0 0 84 6 2485
2019 Shift worker 55 24 11 8 1 0 0 79 9 80
2019 Non-shift worker 46 31 13 6 4 0 0 77 10 2360

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 52 25 13 5 5 0 0 77 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 40 33 13 8 5 0 0 73 13 2570
2022 Shift worker 46 31 13 6 3 0 0 77 9 90
2022 Non-shift worker 42 34 12 7 5 0 0 76 12 2615
2020 Shift worker 51 30 14 3 2 0 0 81 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 47 35 10 5 2 0 0 83 7 2470
2019 Shift worker 51 24 16 7 1 0 0 75 8 80
2019 Non-shift worker 40 35 14 7 3 0 0 76 10 2355

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 46 21 18 4 5 2 4 71 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 43 25 13 8 7 4 1 71 15 2570
2022 Shift worker 33 29 16 8 9 4 1 65 18 90
2022 Non-shift worker 42 24 14 9 6 4 1 70 15 2615
2020 Shift worker 42 25 14 11 5 3 0 69 16 90
2020 Non-shift worker 48 25 14 6 3 3 1 76 9 2490
2019 Shift worker 42 29 11 12 2 4 0 74 15 80
2019 Non-shift worker 42 25 16 8 5 3 1 69 14 2360
Top of page

Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 37 29 9 4 4 4 13 80 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 51 28 11 4 2 1 2 82 6 2570
2022 Shift worker 29 34 16 3 4 2 11 73 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 51 29 11 4 2 1 3 83 6 2615
2020 Shift worker 30 45 16 2 5 0 1 76 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 52 27 13 4 2 1 2 81 6 2485
2019 Shift worker 41 36 11 5 1 0 6 82 6 80
2019 Non-shift worker 51 28 12 4 2 1 2 81 7 2360

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 57 27 9 4 3 0 0 83 8 90
2024 Non-shift worker 51 30 9 6 3 1 0 82 8 2570
2022 Shift worker 39 41 8 5 3 3 1 84 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 50 30 10 6 3 1 0 81 9 2610
2020 Shift worker 34 43 12 6 4 1 0 78 10 90
2020 Non-shift worker 50 30 10 5 3 0 1 81 9 2490
2019 Shift worker 60 23 5 5 6 0 0 83 11 80
2019 Non-shift worker 46 31 11 7 4 1 1 78 11 2355

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 20 12 7 2 0 0 79 9 90
2024 Non-shift worker 56 25 8 5 4 0 0 82 10 2570
2022 Shift worker 52 30 11 5 3 0 0 81 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 57 26 8 5 4 0 0 83 9 2615
2020 Shift worker 42 42 10 3 4 0 0 84 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 58 25 8 5 3 0 0 84 8 2495
2019 Shift worker 65 18 4 13 0 0 0 83 13 80
2019 Non-shift worker 54 26 10 6 3 0 0 81 9 2360

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 37 14 3 5 7 0 76 9 90
2024 Non-shift worker 39 29 14 6 4 8 0 74 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 46 24 17 6 1 5 1 75 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 38 30 14 6 4 7 0 74 11 2615
2020 Shift worker 46 30 7 5 2 10 0 84 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 46 30 11 4 3 6 0 81 7 2490
2019 Shift worker 44 28 7 7 0 13 0 84 8 80
2019 Non-shift worker 36 30 16 6 3 8 1 72 10 2355

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 32 18 10 7 2 0 64 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 31 31 17 10 8 3 0 64 19 2570
2022 Shift worker 42 28 18 7 2 2 0 72 9 90
2022 Non-shift worker 31 33 15 11 7 2 0 66 19 2615
2020 Shift worker 37 38 11 5 4 3 2 79 10 90
2020 Non-shift worker 41 33 13 6 4 2 0 76 11 2490
2019 Shift worker 38 29 16 11 1 6 0 71 12 80
2019 Non-shift worker 30 31 17 12 6 3 1 64 19 2355

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 28 25 7 6 8 0 58 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 22 28 19 15 10 6 0 53 27 2570
2022 Shift worker 37 24 23 8 2 5 0 65 11 90
2022 Non-shift worker 21 31 20 14 8 5 0 55 24 2615
2020 Shift worker 26 37 20 4 4 8 0 70 9 90
2020 Non-shift worker 28 34 18 10 5 5 0 66 16 2490
2019 Shift worker 31 22 25 6 4 11 0 60 12 80
2019 Non-shift worker 19 29 22 15 8 6 1 52 25 2350

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 31 16 14 1 5 0 66 16 90
2024 Non-shift worker 21 32 18 15 10 3 0 55 26 2570
2022 Shift worker 38 29 18 8 3 5 0 70 11 90
2022 Non-shift worker 23 34 17 14 8 3 0 59 23 2615
2020 Shift worker 26 41 16 7 4 4 1 71 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 27 37 17 12 6 2 0 66 17 2490
2019 Shift worker 30 29 19 15 3 4 0 61 19 80
2019 Non-shift worker 18 32 19 18 10 3 1 52 29 2360
Top of page

Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 29 12 7 12 0 0 70 18 90
2024 Non-shift worker 31 35 16 11 8 0 0 65 19 2570
2022 Shift worker 35 32 13 16 4 0 0 67 20 90
2022 Non-shift worker 31 35 15 10 7 0 0 67 18 2615
2020 Shift worker 33 40 10 10 7 0 0 73 17 90
2020 Non-shift worker 32 39 14 10 5 0 0 71 15 2495
2019 Shift worker 32 30 18 18 2 0 0 62 20 80
2019 Non-shift worker 29 36 16 12 6 0 0 66 18 2365

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 35 14 3 2 0 0 81 5 90
2024 Non-shift worker 35 43 10 9 3 0 0 78 13 2570
2022 Shift worker 35 42 13 5 5 0 0 77 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 34 44 10 8 4 0 0 78 12 2615
2020 Shift worker 27 56 10 5 2 0 0 83 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 35 43 11 8 3 0 0 78 11 2475
2019 Shift worker 32 49 14 4 0 0 0 81 4 80
2019 Non-shift worker 33 41 13 10 3 0 0 74 13 2355

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 54 28 7 7 5 0 0 82 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 46 31 12 6 4 0 0 78 10 2570
2022 Shift worker 48 29 10 9 4 0 0 77 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 45 33 11 7 4 0 0 78 11 2615
2020 Shift worker 35 37 13 13 1 1 0 72 15 90
2020 Non-shift worker 46 32 12 6 4 0 0 79 9 2485
2019 Shift worker 49 31 8 11 1 0 0 80 12 80
2019 Non-shift worker 43 32 13 7 4 1 0 75 11 2360

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 40 31 11 16 2 0 0 71 18 90
2024 Non-shift worker 36 39 12 9 4 0 1 75 13 2570
2022 Shift worker 46 33 9 6 4 0 3 81 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 34 40 12 8 4 0 1 76 12 2610
2020 Shift worker 37 44 6 13 0 0 1 81 13 85
2020 Non-shift worker 37 40 13 7 2 0 1 78 9 2480
2019 Shift worker 34 33 15 16 2 0 0 67 18 80
2019 Non-shift worker 33 40 13 10 4 0 0 74 14 2355

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 58 26 8 1 5 0 3 86 6 90
2024 Non-shift worker 53 25 12 4 4 1 1 79 9 2570
2022 Shift worker 53 19 10 8 4 6 0 77 12 90
2022 Non-shift worker 52 25 11 6 4 1 1 79 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 40 30 21 5 4 0 0 70 9 90
2020 Non-shift worker 52 25 12 5 4 1 1 79 9 2485

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 26 17 8 11 2 0 63 20 90
2024 Non-shift worker 21 34 18 13 10 2 0 57 24 2570
2022 Shift worker 32 28 15 10 8 7 0 65 19 90
2022 Non-shift worker 23 32 18 14 10 2 0 56 25 2615
2020 Shift worker 17 32 28 14 9 1 0 49 23 90
2020 Non-shift worker 25 35 18 13 7 3 0 61 20 2490
2019 Shift worker 32 24 22 15 5 2 0 56 21 80
2019 Non-shift worker 23 31 19 15 9 3 0 55 25 2360

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 18 10 2 4 1 7 63 37 90
2024 Non-shift worker 49 25 12 4 3 1 5 52 48 2575
2022 Shift worker 57 17 9 4 2 2 9 85
2022 Non-shift worker 50 26 11 4 3 1 5 2615
2020 Shift worker 52 23 10 5 3 1 6 90
2020 Non-shift worker 54 24 12 4 2 0 3 2495
2019 Shift worker 52 30 12 2 1 0 3 80
2019 Non-shift worker 55 24 11 4 1 1 4 2360

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 60 12 3 1 8 2 14 72 28 90
2024 Non-shift worker 58 11 6 3 3 3 15 71 29 2570

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 72 7 4 3 1 3 9 82 18 90
2024 Non-shift worker 71 9 4 2 2 5 7 80 20 2570
2022 Shift worker 78 5 4 1 1 2 9 85
2022 Non-shift worker 72 10 4 2 3 4 5 2615
2020 Shift worker 77 8 4 2 0 5 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 79 8 4 1 1 3 3 2485
2019 Shift worker 73 7 7 0 1 7 5 80
2019 Non-shift worker 76 8 5 2 2 4 5 2350

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 73 4 3 1 1 6 11 88 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 76 5 2 0 1 2 14 89 11 2570

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 73 3 5 1 2 5 11 87 13 90
2024 Non-shift worker 69 9 4 2 2 2 12 80 20 2570

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 24 21 13 11 18 4 8 52 34 90
2024 Non-shift worker 18 29 14 16 17 3 3 50 35 2570
2022 Shift worker 12 35 11 13 9 8 12 58 27 85
2022 Non-shift worker 19 29 13 16 18 2 3 50 36 2615
2020 Shift worker 17 23 27 10 19 1 3 41 30 90
2020 Non-shift worker 20 27 17 15 14 3 3 50 32 2495
2019 Shift worker 22 31 13 12 14 5 3 57 28 80
2019 Non-shift worker 19 25 17 16 18 3 3 47 35 2365

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 31 42 13 8 5 0 0 74 13 90
2024 Non-shift worker 35 39 13 9 4 0 0 74 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 33 36 19 7 6 0 0 68 13 85
2022 Non-shift worker 35 38 12 9 6 0 0 74 14 2605
2020 Shift worker 29 48 11 8 4 0 0 77 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 38 39 12 8 3 0 0 77 11 2485
2019 Shift worker 38 34 22 5 2 0 0 71 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 34 39 13 9 5 0 0 73 13 2350

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 34 13 10 2 0 0 75 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 42 35 12 7 4 0 0 77 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 39 32 16 7 5 0 0 71 12 85
2022 Non-shift worker 42 35 12 7 5 0 0 77 11 2615
2020 Shift worker 34 39 14 6 6 1 0 74 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 43 35 12 7 3 0 0 78 10 2485
2019 Shift worker 42 29 21 6 1 0 0 71 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 41 33 14 8 4 0 0 74 12 2360

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 40 35 18 4 3 0 0 74 7 90
2024 Non-shift worker 35 37 14 8 5 0 1 73 13 2570
2022 Shift worker 38 27 17 12 3 3 0 67 15 90
2022 Non-shift worker 35 37 14 8 5 1 1 73 13 2615
2020 Shift worker 34 49 15 2 0 0 0 83 2 85
2020 Non-shift worker 36 42 13 7 2 0 0 78 9 2475
2019 Shift worker 47 38 13 2 0 0 0 85 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 32 40 15 9 3 0 0 73 12 2335

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 27 34 25 7 3 4 0 63 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 26 40 17 9 4 3 1 68 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 28 36 14 10 3 6 3 70 15 90
2022 Non-shift worker 25 40 18 9 5 2 0 68 14 2615
2020 Shift worker 24 42 20 7 4 2 1 68 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 28 43 16 7 2 3 0 74 9 2490
2019 Shift worker 29 40 19 5 1 7 0 73 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 23 44 18 9 3 2 1 69 12 2355

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 31 20 3 1 0 0 76 4 90
2024 Non-shift worker 46 30 10 8 5 0 0 76 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 51 29 6 8 5 1 0 81 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 46 31 11 6 4 0 0 78 11 2615
2020 Shift worker 36 42 11 5 6 0 0 78 11 90
2020 Non-shift worker 46 32 10 8 3 0 0 79 11 2490
2019 Shift worker 49 32 10 7 1 0 1 82 8 80
2019 Non-shift worker 48 29 12 7 4 0 0 77 10 2355

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 42 46 10 3 0 0 0 87 3 90
2024 Non-shift worker 29 35 18 11 6 0 1 65 17 2575
2022 Shift worker 49 35 8 3 5 0 1 85 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 30 35 18 10 6 0 1 65 16 2615
2020 Shift worker 39 31 23 3 5 0 0 70 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 29 37 17 11 6 0 0 66 16 2485
2019 Shift worker 43 36 19 2 0 0 0 79 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 32 35 18 10 5 0 0 67 15 2355

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 55 27 3 4 6 1 4 86 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 68 21 5 2 2 1 1 91 4 2570
2022 Shift worker 56 20 7 2 8 2 6 82 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 67 22 5 2 1 1 1 91 4 2615

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Unsure
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 49 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 25 48 26 2570
2022 Shift worker 43 32 25 90
2022 Non-shift worker 28 46 26 2615
2020 Shift worker 13 50 37 90
2020 Non-shift worker 14 58 28 2495
2019 Shift worker 22 39 40 80
2019 Non-shift worker 18 52 29 2370

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.

Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)
To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)
To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)
To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)
End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)
Other reason
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 24 14 0 55 2 20
2024 Non-shift worker 25 23 18 11 18 6 610
2022 Shift worker 6 18 21 4 44 6 35
2022 Non-shift worker 26 22 16 10 19 7 690
2020 Shift worker 21 21 15 0 36 8 10
2020 Non-shift worker 26 14 23 9 22 5 320
2019 Shift worker 5 4 9 5 77 0 15
2019 Non-shift worker 22 14 22 10 27 6 410
Top of page

Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 33 11 1 5 0 0 83 6 90
2024 Non-shift worker 47 37 8 5 2 0 0 84 7 2565
2022 Shift worker 41 40 9 8 2 0 0 80 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 47 38 9 5 2 0 0 84 6 2610
2020 Shift worker 44 45 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 90
2020 Non-shift worker 48 38 8 4 1 0 0 86 6 2475
2019 Shift worker 48 31 15 6 0 0 0 79 6 80
2019 Non-shift worker 42 39 12 6 2 0 0 80 8 2355

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 29 49 9 9 1 2 0 80 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 29 44 15 8 4 0 0 74 12 2570
2022 Shift worker 27 46 17 6 4 0 0 73 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 27 44 15 8 4 1 0 72 12 2610
2020 Shift worker 29 47 15 5 2 2 0 78 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 34 42 14 7 2 1 0 77 9 2495
2019 Shift worker 36 41 15 5 2 1 0 78 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 30 42 16 8 3 1 0 72 12 2360

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 5 11 43 25 12 1 4 39 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 8 23 37 20 10 0 2 30 32 2565
2022 Shift worker 4 29 30 17 13 0 7 32 36 90
2022 Non-shift worker 8 23 37 21 9 0 2 30 32 2610
2020 Shift worker 8 23 43 14 10 0 2 25 32 90
2020 Non-shift worker 6 23 39 23 9 1 1 32 29 2490
2019 Shift worker 3 27 43 14 12 0 1 26 30 80
2019 Non-shift worker 8 25 38 20 8 1 1 28 33 2360

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 10 16 27 21 14 2 11 40 29 90
2024 Non-shift worker 18 27 29 15 7 1 3 23 46 2570
2022 Shift worker 10 18 26 16 23 1 6 41 30 85
2022 Non-shift worker 15 25 32 16 8 1 3 25 42 2615
2020 Shift worker 11 25 30 19 12 4 0 32 37 90
2020 Non-shift worker 12 22 33 20 10 1 2 31 34 2485
2019 Shift worker 16 25 25 16 14 2 2 31 43 80
2019 Non-shift worker 15 26 30 16 9 2 2 26 43 2355

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 2 8 23 28 33 0 5 65 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 5 12 33 32 15 1 2 48 18 2565
2022 Shift worker 4 13 21 25 28 1 7 58 19 85
2022 Non-shift worker 4 13 34 31 15 1 3 47 18 2605
2020 Shift worker 4 10 33 38 15 0 0 54 14 90
2020 Non-shift worker 4 12 32 35 15 0 1 51 16 2485
2019 Shift worker 2 5 31 27 34 0 1 62 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 4 13 35 29 15 1 1 46 18 2345

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 15 24 28 20 0 6 50 24 85
2024 Non-shift worker 16 22 27 18 13 1 3 32 39 2565
2022 Shift worker 12 16 21 15 26 4 6 46 31 85
2022 Non-shift worker 15 21 27 20 12 1 4 33 38 2610
2020 Shift worker 9 24 29 17 18 0 2 36 34 85
2020 Non-shift worker 11 18 28 25 15 1 2 41 30 2485
2019 Shift worker 7 25 13 23 30 1 1 54 33 80
2019 Non-shift worker 13 19 29 21 14 2 2 36 34 2355

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 1 6 16 24 32 7 14 70 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 5 10 22 28 25 3 7 59 17 2565
2022 Shift worker 5 13 13 24 24 9 11 60 23 85
2022 Non-shift worker 5 12 22 27 24 3 7 57 19 2610
2020 Shift worker 0 7 16 42 26 7 2 75 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 2 7 20 34 30 3 3 69 10 2480
2019 Shift worker 2 7 14 29 41 7 1 76 9 80
2019 Non-shift worker 3 9 23 33 25 3 4 62 14 2345

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 0 19 28 23 16 4 10 45 23 90
2024 Non-shift worker 19 23 30 14 9 2 3 24 44 2565
2022 Shift worker 7 18 29 9 30 4 4 42 26 85
2022 Non-shift worker 16 24 31 15 9 2 3 25 42 2610
2020 Shift worker 10 20 25 27 12 4 3 42 32 90
2020 Non-shift worker 11 22 33 20 10 2 2 32 34 2475
2019 Shift worker 8 14 20 26 25 4 2 55 23 80
2019 Non-shift worker 14 24 30 16 10 2 2 28 40 2350

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 11 29 25 21 4 6 51 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 7 16 35 24 14 1 3 40 24 2565
2022 Shift worker 2 9 33 22 23 5 6 50 13 85
2022 Non-shift worker 5 15 34 27 14 1 3 44 21 2610
2020 Shift worker 4 14 27 38 17 0 0 55 18 90
2020 Non-shift worker 6 15 36 29 12 0 1 42 21 2485
2019 Shift worker 1 19 26 21 31 0 3 53 21 80
2019 Non-shift worker 8 17 31 26 15 1 2 42 26 2360

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 23 35 25 11 4 2 0 59 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 16 32 22 18 9 2 0 49 28 2570
2022 Shift worker 21 33 22 15 3 6 0 58 19 90
2022 Non-shift worker 15 33 22 17 9 3 0 50 27 2610
2020 Shift worker 21 42 25 8 1 2 0 65 9 90
2020 Non-shift worker 23 37 20 13 4 3 0 61 18 2480
2019 Shift worker 32 29 20 12 2 4 0 64 15 80
2019 Non-shift worker 16 32 24 18 8 3 0 49 26 2350

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 49 29 6 9 4 1 2 80 14 90
2024 Non-shift worker 51 29 8 7 4 1 0 81 12 2570
2022 Shift worker 53 35 4 2 6 1 0 88 8 85
2022 Non-shift worker 51 29 8 7 5 1 0 80 12 2615
2020 Shift worker 39 34 13 5 7 2 0 74 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 49 31 9 7 4 1 0 80 11 2485
2019 Shift worker 58 26 2 11 3 0 0 83 15 80
2019 Non-shift worker 47 29 10 9 4 1 0 76 13 2355

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 55 33 5 3 4 0 1 89 7 90
2024 Non-shift worker 58 30 6 5 2 0 0 88 7 2570
2022 Shift worker 60 28 4 6 3 0 0 88 9 85
2022 Non-shift worker 57 30 7 5 2 0 0 87 7 2615
2020 Shift worker 55 25 9 5 3 0 2 82 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 58 31 6 3 2 0 0 89 5 2480
2019 Shift worker 57 28 5 9 1 0 0 84 10 80
2019 Non-shift worker 52 33 8 5 2 0 0 86 7 2360

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 46 40 6 3 3 1 1 88 6 90
2024 Non-shift worker 47 36 9 4 2 1 0 84 6 2570
2022 Shift worker 48 29 12 4 5 1 0 78 9 85
2022 Non-shift worker 48 36 8 4 2 1 0 85 6 2615
2020 Shift worker 36 42 13 3 2 0 4 81 5 85
2020 Non-shift worker 48 37 10 4 1 1 0 85 5 2470
2019 Shift worker 50 32 9 8 1 0 0 82 10 80
2019 Non-shift worker 46 37 10 5 2 0 0 83 6 2360

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 38 41 13 2 3 3 0 82 5 90
2024 Non-shift worker 39 37 13 5 3 2 0 78 9 2570
2022 Shift worker 44 36 12 2 4 2 0 81 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 38 38 12 6 3 2 0 78 9 2615
2020 Shift worker 36 44 12 4 2 3 0 82 6 90
2020 Non-shift worker 44 38 10 4 2 2 0 84 6 2480
2019 Shift worker 48 31 13 3 2 3 0 81 5 80
2019 Non-shift worker 41 39 12 5 2 2 0 81 7 2350

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 42 37 10 4 1 5 1 84 6 90
2024 Non-shift worker 40 34 13 5 2 5 1 79 7 2570
2022 Shift worker 42 35 7 6 0 9 1 86 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 36 36 14 5 2 7 1 77 8 2615
2020 Shift worker 38 33 15 7 1 6 0 76 8 85
2020 Non-shift worker 41 34 15 4 1 5 1 79 5 2485
2019 Shift worker 53 21 16 8 0 2 0 76 8 80
2019 Non-shift worker 41 34 16 4 2 4 1 78 5 2350

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 55 37 4 1 3 0 0 92 4 90
2024 Non-shift worker 51 35 7 5 2 0 0 86 7 2570
2022 Shift worker 56 34 6 2 2 0 0 90 4 90
2022 Non-shift worker 53 33 7 4 2 0 0 87 6 2615
2020 Shift worker 57 32 6 4 1 0 0 89 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 60 30 6 2 1 0 0 90 4 2485
2019 Shift worker 65 22 9 4 0 0 0 87 4 80
2019 Non-shift worker 56 31 7 3 2 0 0 88 5 2360

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 35 30 7 9 5 10 5 76 16 90
2024 Non-shift worker 41 25 12 5 4 8 4 75 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 38 31 6 5 5 7 8 81 12 90
2022 Non-shift worker 41 28 11 6 3 6 4 77 10 2615

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 35 28 8 5 13 6 5 70 21 90
2024 Non-shift worker 40 25 12 6 4 8 5 75 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 42 28 6 3 5 9 7 83 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 40 29 12 6 3 6 4 77 11 2615

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 18 24 9 4 15 4 54 16 90
2024 Non-shift worker 30 22 18 7 3 17 2 65 12 2570
2022 Shift worker 35 24 13 7 3 15 3 72 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 29 24 21 8 3 13 2 62 13 2615
2020 Shift worker 28 36 20 2 3 11 0 72 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 32 31 19 6 2 9 2 70 8 2495

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 38 31 5 8 7 7 4 78 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 42 29 9 6 4 7 3 79 10 2570
2022 Shift worker 48 31 4 7 0 6 4 88 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 41 31 10 6 4 5 3 78 11 2610
2020 Shift worker 39 31 12 4 2 12 1 80 6 90
2020 Non-shift worker 47 29 11 5 2 4 2 81 8 2485

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 12 20 5 1 43 11 44 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 9 14 22 4 5 38 6 43 17 2570
2022 Shift worker 16 17 17 4 3 36 9 58 12 90
2022 Non-shift worker 9 16 27 4 4 37 4 42 13 2615

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 17 8 22 5 30 16 3 31 43 40

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 30 20 5 2 5 6 70 8 90
2024 Non-shift worker 28 30 17 8 6 6 5 65 15 2575
2022 Shift worker 32 23 17 6 7 6 9 65 15 85
2022 Non-shift worker 27 31 17 7 6 7 5 66 15 2615
2020 Shift worker 22 29 25 10 5 5 4 56 17 90
2020 Non-shift worker 28 32 18 8 5 6 4 66 14 2490
2019 Shift worker 39 25 12 10 6 5 1 69 18 80
2019 Non-shift worker 29 30 18 9 5 5 4 65 16 2355

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 37 8 15 9 6 1 67 25 90
2024 Non-shift worker 32 36 14 9 5 3 1 71 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 29 32 16 11 6 5 2 65 18 90
2022 Non-shift worker 32 32 16 9 5 4 2 68 15 2615
2020 Shift worker 22 38 13 14 3 7 3 66 19 90
2020 Non-shift worker 34 36 14 9 3 4 2 73 13 2480
2019 Shift worker 35 33 10 17 2 2 1 70 19 80
2019 Non-shift worker 30 35 16 9 5 4 2 69 15 2360

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 36 23 3 5 1 1 69 8 90
2024 Non-shift worker 34 37 18 6 3 2 0 72 9 2570
2022 Shift worker 31 41 14 5 2 6 2 78 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 33 36 19 7 3 2 0 70 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 30 31 31 2 4 2 0 63 6 90
2020 Non-shift worker 37 37 17 4 2 2 0 76 7 2480
2019 Shift worker 37 38 10 7 2 5 1 80 9 80
2019 Non-shift worker 32 35 20 7 3 3 0 69 10 2350

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 34 16 7 7 14 1 65 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 25 24 18 11 9 10 2 56 23 2570
2022 Shift worker 30 22 16 3 10 13 6 65 16 90
2022 Non-shift worker 22 23 19 11 10 12 3 53 25 2615
2020 Shift worker 15 27 24 9 8 15 2 50 21 90
2020 Non-shift worker 24 22 20 11 8 12 3 55 22 2490
2019 Shift worker 29 22 19 17 5 7 1 55 24 80
2019 Non-shift worker 19 21 21 13 11 12 2 47 28 2355

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 40 40 6 10 3 0 0 80 13 90
2024 Non-shift worker 32 49 5 10 4 0 0 81 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 39 44 9 7 2 0 0 82 9 85
2022 Non-shift worker 33 48 5 11 4 0 0 80 14 2615
2020 Shift worker 31 61 6 2 0 0 0 92 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 36 49 5 8 2 0 0 85 10 2495

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 28 12 8 2 0 0 78 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 44 34 7 9 5 0 0 79 14 2565
2022 Shift worker 47 36 7 8 3 0 0 83 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 53 33 6 5 2 0 1 87 7 2615
2020 Shift worker 35 49 11 5 0 0 0 84 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 37 40 10 10 2 0 0 78 12 2490
2019 Shift worker 63 22 9 3 3 0 0 85 6 80
2019 Non-shift worker 52 34 5 6 2 0 0 86 8 2360

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 52 35 6 2 5 0 0 87 7 90
2024 Non-shift worker 56 32 6 4 1 0 0 88 6 2570
2022 Shift worker 64 19 7 9 2 0 0 82 11 90
2022 Non-shift worker 57 33 5 3 1 0 0 91 4 2610
2020 Shift worker 43 44 6 7 0 0 0 87 7 90
2020 Non-shift worker 53 34 7 5 1 0 0 87 6 2475
2019 Shift worker 58 27 8 6 1 0 0 85 7 80
2019 Non-shift worker 56 32 7 3 1 0 0 89 5 2345

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 21 8 8 10 0 2 74 19 90
2024 Non-shift worker 65 16 6 6 5 0 2 83 11 2570

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 48 21 14 6 9 0 2 71 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 63 16 7 7 4 0 2 81 12 2570

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 72 18 1 0 6 0 4 93 6 90
2024 Non-shift worker 78 9 4 2 3 0 4 91 5 2570
2022 Shift worker 75 12 2 2 4 0 5 92 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 78 10 3 2 3 0 4 92 5 2615
2019 Shift worker 80 13 3 2 1 0 2 94 3 80
2019 Non-shift worker 77 11 4 2 3 0 3 90 5 2350

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 34 23 18 5 5 13 2 67 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 40 29 15 6 3 6 2 75 9 2570
2022 Shift worker 37 26 13 2 9 13 0 72 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 37 30 17 6 2 6 3 73 8 2615
2020 Shift worker 42 22 17 7 4 7 1 70 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 40 26 17 6 2 6 3 72 9 2495
2019 Shift worker 45 27 10 3 1 11 3 84 5 80
2019 Non-shift worker 39 26 15 6 3 8 2 73 10 2365

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 6 94 90
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 2570
2022 Shift worker 7 93 90
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 2615
2020 Shift worker 5 95 90
2020 Non-shift worker 6 94 2495
2019 Shift worker 9 91 80
2019 Non-shift worker 8 92 2360

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 52 48 230
2022 Non-shift worker 50 50 230

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 56 44 230
2022 Non-shift worker 55 45 230

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 230
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 230

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 0 100 230
2022 Non-shift worker 0 100 230

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 230
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 230

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 230
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 230

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 230
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 230

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 34 66 230
2022 Non-shift worker 34 66 230

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 38 62 230
2022 Non-shift worker 37 63 230

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 45 55 230
2022 Non-shift worker 47 53 230

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 44 56 230
2022 Non-shift worker 31 69 230

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 35 65 230
2022 Non-shift worker 36 64 230

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 55 45 230
2022 Non-shift worker 50 50 230

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 30 70 230
2022 Non-shift worker 27 73 230

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 0 100 230

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 230
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 230

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 11 89 230
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 230

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 48 52 230
2022 Non-shift worker 48 52 230

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 17 83 230
2022 Non-shift worker 19 81 230

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 230
2022 Non-shift worker 13 87 230

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 55 45 230
2022 Non-shift worker 57 43 230

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 19 81 230
2022 Non-shift worker 23 77 230

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 17 83 230
2022 Non-shift worker 13 87 230

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 17 83 230
2022 Non-shift worker 19 81 230

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 230
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 230

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 230
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 230

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 230
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 230

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 230
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 230

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 28 72 230
2022 Non-shift worker 23 77 230

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 220
2022 Non-shift worker 11 89 210

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 16 84 220
2022 Non-shift worker 20 80 210

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 220
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 210

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 220
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 210

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 13 87 220
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 210

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 220
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 210

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 220
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 210

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 13 87 220
2022 Non-shift worker 12 88 210

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 220
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 210

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 30 70 220
2022 Non-shift worker 32 68 210

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 220
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 210

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 45 55 220
2022 Non-shift worker 46 54 210

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 220
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 210

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 54 46 220
2022 Non-shift worker 50 50 210

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 220

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 220
2022 Non-shift worker 16 84 210

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 18 15 12 3 3 40 10 66 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 15 14 12 5 5 39 10 58 19 2570
2022 Shift worker 19 14 11 1 3 34 18 70 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 15 13 13 5 5 39 10 54 20 2615
2020 Shift worker 20 17 17 4 5 32 5 59 14 90
2020 Non-shift worker 20 14 15 5 3 34 9 60 14 2490
2019 Shift worker 30 11 17 4 5 27 5 61 13 80
2019 Non-shift worker 19 13 19 5 4 30 10 53 15 2360

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 34 9 7 3 9 5 78 12 90
2024 Non-shift worker 33 31 14 5 3 13 1 74 10 2570
2022 Shift worker 34 34 9 2 3 16 2 83 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 31 32 14 5 3 13 1 73 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 34 29 16 4 3 14 0 73 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 37 29 16 4 2 11 1 74 7 2485
2019 Shift worker 38 24 16 9 1 12 0 71 11 80
2019 Non-shift worker 34 28 18 4 3 12 1 71 8 2360

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 93 90
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 2565
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 2615

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 34 66 145
2022 Non-shift worker 28 72 150

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 71 29 145
2022 Non-shift worker 69 31 150

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 150

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 0 100 145
2022 Non-shift worker 0 100 150

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 145
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 150

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 145
2022 Non-shift worker 5 95 150

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 145
2022 Non-shift worker 17 83 150

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 28 72 145
2022 Non-shift worker 27 73 150

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 29 71 145
2022 Non-shift worker 22 78 150

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 14 86 145
2022 Non-shift worker 7 93 150

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 145
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 150

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 25 75 145
2022 Non-shift worker 18 82 150

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 32 68 145
2022 Non-shift worker 29 71 150

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 150

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 145
2022 Non-shift worker 1 99 150

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 145
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 150

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 145
2022 Non-shift worker 9 91 150

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 150

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 23 77 145
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 150

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 0 100 145
2022 Non-shift worker 0 100 150

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 24 76 145
2022 Non-shift worker 31 69 150

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 145
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 150

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 9 91 145
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 150

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 145
2022 Non-shift worker 14 86 150

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 145
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 150

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 150

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 145
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 150

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 8 92 145
2022 Non-shift worker 11 89 150

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 62 38 145
2022 Non-shift worker 54 46 150

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 6 94 145
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 135

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 15 85 145
2022 Non-shift worker 11 89 135

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 145
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 135

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 135

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 4 96 145
2022 Non-shift worker 4 96 135

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 135

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 3 97 145
2022 Non-shift worker 3 97 135

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 10 90 145
2022 Non-shift worker 10 90 135

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 7 93 145
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 135

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 28 72 145
2022 Non-shift worker 22 78 135

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 5 95 145
2022 Non-shift worker 6 94 135

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 40 60 145
2022 Non-shift worker 41 59 135

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2022 Non-shift worker 2 98 135

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 65 35 145
2022 Non-shift worker 61 39 135

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 12 88 145
2022 Non-shift worker 16 84 135

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 21 20 17 4 2 30 6 64 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 17 14 15 4 2 40 8 59 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 14 25 14 2 2 27 16 68 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 16 14 16 3 2 41 7 57 11 2615
2020 Shift worker 16 21 20 1 1 36 5 62 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 21 14 16 2 1 37 8 64 7 2485
2019 Shift worker 36 10 15 1 2 33 3 73 5 80
2019 Non-shift worker 20 13 19 3 2 33 10 58 8 2350

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 33 14 7 1 10 1 74 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 33 30 14 4 2 14 2 75 8 2570
2022 Shift worker 34 32 14 2 1 14 2 80 4 90
2022 Non-shift worker 32 31 16 5 2 13 1 74 8 2615
2020 Shift worker 31 33 18 3 1 12 3 75 4 90
2020 Non-shift worker 37 30 16 3 2 12 1 77 5 2490
2019 Shift worker 43 25 19 0 2 10 0 77 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 36 27 17 3 2 13 1 74 6 2355

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 8 92 90
2024 Non-shift worker 11 89 2565
2022 Shift worker 7 93 90
2022 Non-shift worker 8 92 2615
2020 Shift worker 8 92 85
2020 Non-shift worker 7 93 2475
2019 Shift worker 11 89 80
2019 Non-shift worker 10 90 2360

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 52 48 290
2022 Non-shift worker 41 59 210

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 72 28 290
2022 Non-shift worker 77 23 210

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 48 28 6 11 4 1 2 78 15 215
2022 Non-shift worker 49 35 6 6 4 0 0 84 10 165

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 41 27 12 3 3 5 9 79 7 90
2024 Non-shift worker 46 30 9 5 3 4 3 82 8 2565
2022 Shift worker 45 32 12 2 4 1 4 81 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 46 34 7 4 2 4 3 86 6 2615
2020 Shift worker 32 32 16 4 3 9 3 73 8 90
2020 Non-shift worker 49 30 9 3 1 3 4 85 5 2490
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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 60 23 5 3 6 1 2 85 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 58 26 7 4 3 1 0 86 7 2570
2022 Shift worker 55 27 8 3 5 2 0 84 8 90
2022 Non-shift worker 56 29 6 4 3 1 0 87 7 2620
2020 Shift worker 41 37 10 10 2 0 0 78 12 90
2020 Non-shift worker 54 28 8 5 4 1 0 83 9 2485

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 3 7 14 4 40 7 25 66 14 90
2024 Non-shift worker 3 5 10 6 46 7 23 75 11 2570
2022 Shift worker 3 5 13 5 47 5 23 72 10 90
2022 Non-shift worker 3 4 10 6 48 6 22 76 10 2610

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 22 39 16 13 5 5 0 64 19 90
2024 Non-shift worker 26 38 18 9 4 4 0 67 14 2570
2022 Shift worker 23 38 19 7 5 7 0 66 13 85
2022 Non-shift worker 31 40 16 6 4 4 0 73 10 2615
2020 Shift worker 32 44 17 2 2 3 0 78 4 90
2020 Non-shift worker 45 37 11 3 1 2 0 84 5 2490
2019 Shift worker 20 38 20 13 2 8 0 62 16 80
2019 Non-shift worker 18 37 22 13 4 5 0 59 18 2355

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?

Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)
Very good
(%)
Good
(%)
Fair
(%)
Poor
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 29 38 15 2 90
2024 Non-shift worker 14 28 35 17 6 2570
2022 Shift worker 9 32 41 13 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 13 33 31 18 4 2615

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 56 23 15 1 2 0 2 81 3 90
2024 Non-shift worker 52 25 12 4 2 4 1 82 6 2570
2022 Shift worker 45 33 8 3 4 5 2 84 7 90
2022 Non-shift worker 52 27 12 3 2 3 1 82 5 2620
2020 Shift worker 38 31 20 6 3 2 0 70 9 90
2020 Non-shift worker 49 28 12 3 3 3 1 81 6 2490

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 54 17 9 10 7 1 2 74 17 90
2024 Non-shift worker 44 26 9 10 8 2 1 73 18 2570
2022 Shift worker 37 35 9 6 8 4 1 76 14 90
2022 Non-shift worker 43 26 10 10 8 2 1 71 18 2615
2020 Shift worker 25 33 20 13 6 4 0 60 20 85
2020 Non-shift worker 39 27 13 12 7 2 1 68 19 2485

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 33 50 7 7 3 0 0 83 10 90
2024 Non-shift worker 28 39 15 10 5 1 0 69 16 2570
2022 Shift worker 22 51 12 8 5 3 0 75 13 90
2022 Non-shift worker 30 39 14 9 5 2 0 71 14 2615
2020 Shift worker 30 42 14 6 2 5 0 76 9 90
2020 Non-shift worker 39 35 14 6 3 2 0 76 10 2495
2019 Shift worker 39 25 21 9 3 3 0 66 13 80
2019 Non-shift worker 24 37 19 12 5 2 0 62 18 2355

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 19 50 15 11 4 2 0 71 15 615
2022 Non-shift worker 16 54 15 10 3 2 0 72 13 635

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 45 27 7 6 11 0 3 46 54 90
2024 Non-shift worker 43 27 14 7 7 1 2 44 56 2565
2022 Shift worker 49 22 16 6 5 0 2 90
2022 Non-shift worker 44 26 15 7 6 1 1 2605
2020 Shift worker 45 31 16 4 1 1 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 54 26 12 4 3 0 1 2485
2019 Shift worker 43 29 20 3 5 0 0 80
2019 Non-shift worker 47 29 14 5 4 0 1 2360

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 25 40 20 8 5 0 2 26 74 90
2024 Non-shift worker 16 29 26 16 13 0 0 16 84 2560
2022 Shift worker 27 28 22 15 6 0 3 90
2022 Non-shift worker 16 30 26 15 12 1 1 2605
2020 Shift worker 13 33 27 20 6 0 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 21 29 25 15 9 0 0 2495
2019 Shift worker 35 22 32 8 3 0 0 80
2019 Non-shift worker 21 30 27 13 8 0 0 2360

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 49 29 8 6 4 0 4 51 49 90
2024 Non-shift worker 28 33 21 10 6 0 2 28 72 2560
2022 Shift worker 37 26 21 6 4 1 5 85
2022 Non-shift worker 28 34 21 10 6 0 1 2600
2020 Shift worker 30 32 27 7 2 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 32 33 20 9 4 0 1 2490
2019 Shift worker 45 27 21 7 0 0 0 80
2019 Non-shift worker 30 34 21 9 5 0 1 2350

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 36 26 16 11 9 1 2 37 63 90
2024 Non-shift worker 20 23 22 18 15 1 2 20 80 2570
2022 Shift worker 27 19 22 19 10 1 1 90
2022 Non-shift worker 17 23 24 16 18 1 2 2605
2020 Shift worker 24 23 28 19 3 0 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 26 26 21 15 10 0 1 2485
2019 Shift worker 41 16 19 16 8 0 0 80
2019 Non-shift worker 21 26 23 15 12 1 0 2355

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 22 7 2 1 0 10 65 35 90
2024 Non-shift worker 44 27 13 8 4 1 4 46 54 2565
2022 Shift worker 52 23 14 1 5 0 5 90
2022 Non-shift worker 41 29 15 6 5 0 4 2610
2020 Shift worker 47 33 10 7 2 1 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 40 29 16 8 5 0 2 2480
2019 Shift worker 57 24 10 6 1 0 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 46 28 13 6 4 0 3 2345

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 24 12 9 3 0 1 51 49 90
2024 Non-shift worker 32 29 20 9 9 0 1 32 68 2570
2022 Shift worker 43 25 20 5 6 0 1 90
2022 Non-shift worker 33 31 18 10 7 0 1 2615
2020 Shift worker 33 30 15 13 7 1 0 90
2020 Non-shift worker 29 31 20 11 8 0 0 2495
2019 Shift worker 36 34 14 11 4 0 0 80
2019 Non-shift worker 35 31 19 8 6 0 1 2355

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 46 31 11 8 2 1 2 47 53 90
2024 Non-shift worker 33 31 19 9 6 1 1 33 67 2565
2022 Shift worker 40 25 14 12 4 2 2 90
2022 Non-shift worker 32 33 19 9 6 1 1 2610
2020 Shift worker 39 35 19 4 0 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 35 35 17 8 3 1 1 2490
2019 Shift worker 45 27 24 3 0 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 31 34 22 8 4 1 1 2355

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 48 30 8 10 1 0 2 49 51 90
2024 Non-shift worker 25 32 21 11 9 0 1 25 75 2570
2022 Shift worker 34 23 20 17 3 0 2 90
2022 Non-shift worker 24 32 22 12 8 1 1 2615
2020 Shift worker 29 35 23 8 1 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 27 36 21 10 4 1 1 2490
2019 Shift worker 37 32 21 5 3 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 23 33 24 13 6 1 1 2360

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 50 26 14 4 3 2 2 52 48 90
2024 Non-shift worker 32 31 18 10 7 0 1 33 67 2570
2022 Shift worker 37 33 12 9 5 1 4 90
2022 Non-shift worker 34 31 19 9 5 1 1 2610
2020 Shift worker 39 39 11 8 0 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 35 34 18 9 3 0 1 2490
2019 Shift worker 48 28 15 7 1 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 31 32 21 11 5 0 1 2355

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 16 10 7 6 0 2 60 40 90
2024 Non-shift worker 42 25 15 8 8 0 1 43 57 2565
2022 Shift worker 52 26 10 4 5 1 2 85
2022 Non-shift worker 41 28 15 8 7 1 1 2605
2020 Shift worker 42 33 8 7 6 0 5 90
2020 Non-shift worker 45 29 13 7 5 0 1 2485
2019 Shift worker 53 28 7 7 2 1 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 41 28 15 8 6 1 1 2350

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 66 10 11 7 3 0 3 68 32 90
2024 Non-shift worker 51 25 13 6 4 0 1 52 48 2565
2022 Shift worker 50 29 11 4 2 1 3 90
2022 Non-shift worker 45 29 14 6 5 0 1 2600
2020 Shift worker 26 36 23 11 2 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 29 33 22 11 4 0 0 2490

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 46 34 12 6 1 0 2 46 54 90
2024 Non-shift worker 35 33 19 7 4 0 1 36 64 2560
2022 Shift worker 37 33 16 10 1 1 2 90
2022 Non-shift worker 34 35 18 8 4 1 1 2615
2020 Shift worker 32 37 17 9 1 2 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 33 35 18 9 4 1 1 2490
2019 Shift worker 50 35 9 4 0 2 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 36 34 18 7 4 0 1 2350

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 56 27 8 3 2 0 4 59 41 90
2024 Non-shift worker 52 23 11 5 5 0 2 54 46 2560
2022 Shift worker 62 21 7 3 3 0 5 90
2022 Non-shift worker 62 23 8 2 2 1 3 2610
2020 Shift worker 48 31 13 6 0 0 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 51 30 13 4 1 0 1 2480
2019 Shift worker 66 19 9 4 1 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 63 23 9 3 1 0 1 2345

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 58 20 13 4 3 0 2 59 41 90
2024 Non-shift worker 39 33 16 6 5 0 1 40 60 2570
2022 Shift worker 43 30 16 6 2 1 1 90
2022 Non-shift worker 41 33 16 5 4 0 1 2610
2020 Shift worker 38 42 10 8 0 0 2 85
2020 Non-shift worker 30 37 21 8 4 0 0 2475

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 74 12 5 0 0 3 6 81 19 90
2024 Non-shift worker 78 8 2 1 1 1 10 86 14 2565

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 81 3 6 0 1 4 6 89 11 90
2024 Non-shift worker 71 11 4 2 3 1 8 78 22 2570

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 81 8 2 2 3 0 4 85 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 76 9 4 2 3 1 5 81 19 2560
2022 Shift worker 82 4 2 3 2 0 6 90
2022 Non-shift worker 76 10 4 2 3 2 4 2610
2020 Shift worker 82 8 3 2 1 1 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 83 8 3 2 2 1 3 2475
2019 Shift worker 80 8 5 4 0 1 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 80 9 5 2 2 1 2 2350

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 77 13 4 1 3 0 2 79 21 90
2024 Non-shift worker 63 23 6 2 2 0 2 65 35 2570
2022 Shift worker 72 12 7 3 2 0 4 85
2022 Non-shift worker 63 23 7 2 2 0 2 2610
2020 Shift worker 71 15 9 0 2 0 3 85
2020 Non-shift worker 70 20 6 2 0 0 1 2465
2019 Shift worker 67 18 11 2 1 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 57 28 9 3 2 0 1 2355

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 80 11 1 4 2 0 2 82 18 90
2024 Non-shift worker 66 16 7 3 4 1 2 69 31 2565
2022 Shift worker 73 12 3 3 4 0 5 85
2022 Non-shift worker 65 18 7 4 4 0 2 2610
2020 Shift worker 66 18 10 2 2 0 3 90
2020 Non-shift worker 71 16 6 3 3 0 1 2480
2019 Shift worker 70 15 10 2 2 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 62 19 9 4 3 1 1 2345

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 79 6 0 0 1 1 12 92 8 85
2024 Non-shift worker 63 12 4 1 1 0 19 78 22 2555
2022 Shift worker 70 7 1 1 0 0 21 90
2022 Non-shift worker 62 11 4 1 1 0 19 2605
2020 Shift worker 71 3 9 0 0 0 17 90
2020 Non-shift worker 64 11 4 1 1 0 19 2485
2019 Shift worker 82 5 0 0 0 0 13 80
2019 Non-shift worker 60 12 5 1 1 1 21 2345

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 81 13 2 1 0 0 4 84 16 90
2024 Non-shift worker 73 15 5 1 1 0 5 77 23 2560
2022 Shift worker 78 9 3 0 0 0 10 85
2022 Non-shift worker 72 15 5 1 1 1 5 2605
2020 Shift worker 76 11 7 2 0 1 4 90
2020 Non-shift worker 74 16 4 1 0 0 4 2490
2019 Shift worker 82 10 5 1 1 0 1 80
2019 Non-shift worker 71 17 5 1 1 1 4 2340

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 70 18 7 1 3 1 1 71 29 90
2024 Non-shift worker 58 21 9 4 5 1 3 60 40 2570
2022 Shift worker 62 16 8 4 6 0 5 90
2022 Non-shift worker 66 17 8 2 4 1 2 2615
2020 Shift worker 61 26 7 2 2 1 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 61 22 8 4 4 1 1 2495
2019 Shift worker 68 9 9 2 9 1 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 65 19 8 3 3 1 2 2350

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 59 18 17 0 1 1 4 62 38 90
2024 Non-shift worker 56 25 10 3 2 0 4 58 42 2570
2022 Shift worker 45 31 12 4 0 2 6 85
2022 Non-shift worker 56 25 11 3 2 1 3 2615
2020 Shift worker 47 28 21 1 0 1 2 90
2020 Non-shift worker 51 29 13 4 1 0 1 2495
2019 Shift worker 54 27 12 3 1 0 2 80
2019 Non-shift worker 61 24 10 2 1 0 2 2355

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)
Low
(%)
Moderate
(%)
High
(%)
Very High
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 16 41 26 14 1 2 0 59 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 9 31 40 15 6 0 0 40 20 2570
2022 Shift worker 23 31 32 9 5 0 0 54 14 90
2022 Non-shift worker 10 33 39 13 5 0 0 43 18 2620
2020 Shift worker 8 32 45 11 3 0 0 41 14 85
2020 Non-shift worker 14 37 34 12 3 0 0 51 15 2495
2019 Shift worker 24 36 30 8 1 0 0 60 9 80
2019 Non-shift worker 18 36 32 12 3 0 0 53 14 2365

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)
Often
(%)
Sometimes
(%)
Rarely
(%)
Never/Almost never
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 4 10 27 36 20 1 1 57 15 90
2024 Non-shift worker 8 18 42 21 10 0 0 32 26 2565
2022 Shift worker 5 12 36 24 22 0 1 46 18 90
2022 Non-shift worker 6 18 43 23 10 0 0 33 24 2615
2020 Shift worker 8 16 42 25 9 0 0 34 24 90
2020 Non-shift worker 8 17 38 25 11 0 0 36 26 2485
2019 Shift worker 2 3 43 33 18 0 0 52 5 80
2019 Non-shift worker 6 15 39 26 13 0 0 39 21 2350
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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 7 63 90
2024 Non-shift worker 3 78 2570
2022 Shift worker 5 75 90
2022 Non-shift worker 3 78 2615
2020 Shift worker 12 64 90
2020 Non-shift worker 5 73 2500

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)
No
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 71 29 70
2022 Non-shift worker 56 44 75

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)
To a small extent
(%)
To a moderate extent
(%)
To a large extent
(%)
To a very large extent
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Shift worker 32 17 4 0 1 12 34 60 40 90
2024 Non-shift worker 55 7 2 2 1 6 27 82 18 2570
2022 Shift worker 50 9 6 0 0 7 28 90
2022 Non-shift worker 57 8 2 1 1 6 25 2615
2020 Shift worker 62 10 6 2 0 5 15 90
2020 Non-shift worker 63 8 3 1 1 4 19 2495
2019 Shift worker 60 11 8 0 4 5 13 80
2019 Non-shift worker 63 12 6 3 2 2 11 2355

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 23 37 16 14 8 0 1 61 23 70
2022 Non-shift worker 19 28 18 14 10 2 8 52 27 75

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)
Somewhat agree
(%)
Neither agree nor disagree
(%)
Somewhat disagree
(%)
Strongly disagree
(%)
Don't know
(%)
Not applicable
(%)
Positive answers
(%)
Negative answers
(%)
Total responses
2024 Non-shift worker 15 41 11 10 11 4 9 64 23 70
2022 Non-shift worker 8 24 18 15 22 3 9 37 42 75
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