2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for National Research Council Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	46	30	15	9	0	76	9	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	41	38	10	7	4	80	10	2525
2024	First Nation	55	22	11	12	0	77	12	15
2024	Métis	46	28	27	0	0	73	0	15
2022	Indigenous	50	20	17	5	8	70	13	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	38	10	6	3	80	10	2580
2022	First Nation	56	17	27	0	0	73	0	10
2022	Métis	44	28	13	0	15	72	15	15
2020	Indigenous	58	28	6	5	3	86	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	37	9	6	3	82	8	2530
2020	First Nation	81	9	10	0	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	51	32	4	8	5	83	13	20
2019	Indigenous	48	29	2	11	10	77	21	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	37	11	7	3	80	9	2410
2019	First Nation	38	48	0	0	13	87	13	10
2019	Métis	53	20	0	17	10	73	27	25

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	55	33	5	8	0	88	8	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	38	12	8	5	74	13	2520
2024	First Nation	47	31	11	12	0	78	12	15
2024	Métis	51	42	0	7	0	93	7	15
2022	Indigenous	57	11	17	12	4	67	16	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	36	12	9	5	74	14	2580
2022	First Nation	56	0	26	18	0	56	18	10
2022	Métis	58	22	13	0	7	80	7	15
2020	Indigenous	47	31	14	0	8	78	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	38	13	7	4	76	11	2525
2020	First Nation	44	46	10	0	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	52	21	13	0	13	73	13	20
2019	Indigenous	35	39	2	9	14	75	23	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	38	13	9	5	73	14	2405
2019	First Nation	30	48	0	9	13	78	22	10
2019	Métis	39	34	0	11	16	73	27	25

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	71	16	5	6	0	2	89	6	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	55	32	8	3	1	0	87	5	2520
2024	First Nation	71	12	12	0	0	5	88	0	15
2024	Métis	65	28	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2022	Indigenous	61	24	7	8	0	0	85	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	32	8	2	1	0	89	3	2580
2022	First Nation	64	18	18	0	0	0	82	0	10
2022	Métis	61	24	0	15	0	0	85	15	15
2020	Indigenous	64	26	3	0	6	0	91	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	32	7	2	1	0	90	3	2520
2020	First Nation	81	9	10	0	0	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	57	34	0	0	10	0	90	10	20
2019	Indigenous	67	16	8	8	0	0	83	8	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	32	8	3	1	0	89	4	2395
2019	First Nation	61	39	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2019	Métis	73	4	13	10	0	0	77	10	25

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	32	16	8	0	76	8	30
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	37	9	5	2	84	7	2525
2024	First Nation	56	13	31	0	0	69	0	15
2024	Métis	41	39	0	20	0	80	20	15
2022	Indigenous	64	10	15	11	0	74	11	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	37	9	4	2	85	6	2580
2022	First Nation	64	9	18	9	0	73	9	10
2022	Métis	66	13	5	15	0	80	15	15
2020	Indigenous	69	19	0	9	3	88	12	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	35	7	3	1	88	5	2530
2020	First Nation	73	17	0	10	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	68	18	0	9	4	87	13	20
2019	Indigenous	58	16	13	2	10	75	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	37	9	4	1	86	5	2410
2019	First Nation	72	14	0	0	13	87	13	10
2019	Métis	54	19	14	3	10	73	13	25

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	21	8	13	5	74	18	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	45	32	13	6	4	76	11	2525
2024	First Nation	42	36	5	6	11	78	17	15
2024	Métis	52	6	15	27	0	58	27	15
2022	Indigenous	60	26	7	4	4	86	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	31	12	6	4	77	10	2580
2022	First Nation	43	37	11	0	9	80	9	10
2022	Métis	80	8	5	7	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	73	18	3	3	3	91	6	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	30	11	3	2	84	6	2525
2020	First Nation	81	19	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	70	15	6	4	5	85	9	20
2019	Indigenous	54	21	8	7	10	75	17	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	31	13	6	3	77	10	2405
2019	First Nation	65	22	0	0	13	87	13	10
2019	Métis	51	16	12	11	10	67	21	25

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	40	10	5	7	78	12	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	41	33	13	8	4	74	13	2520
2024	First Nation	42	36	5	6	11	78	17	15
2024	Métis	37	29	20	7	6	67	13	15
2022	Indigenous	47	34	12	4	4	81	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	34	12	7	5	76	11	2580
2022	First Nation	35	44	11	0	9	80	9	10
2022	Métis	61	27	5	7	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	68	20	0	9	3	88	12	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	35	10	4	2	83	7	2510
2020	First Nation	81	9	0	10	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	67	19	0	9	4	87	13	20
2019	Indigenous	50	27	14	5	4	77	9	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	35	14	7	3	76	10	2400
2019	First Nation	65	22	13	0	0	87	0	10
2019	Métis	48	25	12	8	7	73	15	25

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	25	2	8	10	5	0	78	19	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	25	13	8	6	4	1	72	14	2525
2024	First Nation	47	31	5	0	17	0	0	78	17	15
2024	Métis	37	21	0	22	7	13	0	67	33	15
2022	Indigenous	48	16	16	10	7	3	0	66	18	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	25	14	8	6	3	1	70	15	2580
2022	First Nation	43	15	6	19	9	8	0	63	30	10
2022	Métis	58	14	16	5	7	0	0	72	12	15
2020	Indigenous	66	8	8	9	3	6	0	79	12	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	25	14	6	3	3	1	76	9	2530
2020	First Nation	62	9	9	10	0	10	0	79	11	10
2020	Métis	72	5	9	9	4	0	0	78	13	20
2019	Indigenous	42	28	9	9	11	2	0	71	20	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	25	16	9	5	3	1	70	14	2405
2019	First Nation	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2019	Métis	42	12	14	14	17	0	0	55	31	25

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	41	19	24	8	5	0	3	62	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	28	11	4	2	1	3	83	6	2525
2024	First Nation	53	11	18	6	11	0	0	64	18	15
2024	Métis	34	29	17	13	0	0	7	68	14	15
2022	Indigenous	65	19	0	4	4	4	5	92	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	29	11	4	2	1	3	82	7	2580
2022	First Nation	74	17	0	0	9	0	0	91	9	10
2022	Métis	55	19	0	7	0	8	11	91	9	15
2020	Indigenous	75	7	9	6	0	3	0	85	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	29	13	4	2	1	2	81	6	2525
2020	First Nation	80	10	0	0	0	10	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	71	5	14	10	0	0	0	77	10	20
2019	Indigenous	53	23	8	10	6	0	0	76	17	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	28	12	4	2	1	2	81	7	2405
2019	First Nation	33	32	13	9	13	0	0	65	22	10
2019	Métis	63	15	6	12	4	0	0	78	16	25

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	24	10	3	2	0	3	85	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	30	9	6	2	1	0	83	8	2520
2024	First Nation	53	24	17	6	0	0	0	77	6	15
2024	Métis	45	35	7	0	6	0	7	86	6	15
2022	Indigenous	59	27	3	9	3	0	0	86	11	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	31	10	5	3	1	0	81	9	2580
2022	First Nation	75	8	8	9	0	0	0	83	9	10
2022	Métis	53	32	0	10	5	0	0	85	15	15
2020	Indigenous	69	22	3	3	3	0	0	91	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	31	10	5	3	0	1	81	9	2525
2020	First Nation	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	56	30	4	5	4	0	0	86	10	20
2019	Indigenous	50	27	11	2	10	0	0	77	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	31	11	7	4	1	1	78	10	2400
2019	First Nation	24	32	31	0	13	0	0	56	13	10
2019	Métis	62	25	0	3	10	0	0	87	13	25

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	26	14	0	5	3	80	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	57	25	8	5	4	0	82	9	2520
2024	First Nation	52	26	22	0	0	0	78	0	15
2024	Métis	34	33	13	0	13	7	72	14	15
2022	Indigenous	76	18	4	3	0	0	94	3	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	26	8	5	4	0	83	9	2580
2022	First Nation	77	14	9	0	0	0	91	0	10
2022	Métis	75	20	0	5	0	0	95	5	15
2020	Indigenous	79	11	7	0	3	0	91	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	26	8	5	3	0	84	7	2535
2020	First Nation	81	19	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	77	8	10	0	4	0	85	4	20
2019	Indigenous	58	21	8	2	10	0	80	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	26	10	6	3	0	81	9	2405
2019	First Nation	56	17	13	0	13	0	73	13	10
2019	Métis	61	22	4	3	10	0	83	13	25

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	49	27	8	13	2	0	0	76	15	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	30	14	5	4	7	0	75	10	2520
2024	First Nation	46	30	0	19	5	0	0	76	24	15
2024	Métis	44	29	14	13	0	0	0	73	13	15
2022	Indigenous	40	13	19	11	7	10	0	59	20	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	30	14	6	4	7	0	74	11	2580
2022	First Nation	23	15	25	17	9	12	0	43	29	10
2022	Métis	57	14	13	9	7	0	0	71	16	15
2020	Indigenous	66	17	11	3	2	0	0	83	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	11	4	3	6	0	81	7	2530
2020	First Nation	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	51	26	14	5	4	0	0	77	9	20
2019	Indigenous	30	32	14	20	4	0	0	62	24	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	29	16	6	3	8	1	72	10	2400
2019	First Nation	47	25	0	28	0	0	0	72	28	10
2019	Métis	24	36	19	14	7	0	0	60	21	25

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	20	10	21	5	0	0	64	26	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	32	17	10	8	3	0	65	18	2520
2024	First Nation	41	25	5	25	5	0	0	65	30	15
2024	Métis	36	25	13	20	6	0	0	61	27	15
2022	Indigenous	35	26	10	14	10	4	0	64	26	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	33	15	10	7	2	0	67	18	2580
2022	First Nation	16	28	19	17	9	12	0	50	29	10
2022	Métis	52	19	0	16	13	0	0	71	29	15
2020	Indigenous	51	29	11	3	5	0	0	80	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	33	13	6	4	2	0	76	11	2525
2020	First Nation	73	27	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	37	32	18	5	8	0	0	69	13	20
2019	Indigenous	17	41	24	11	8	0	0	57	19	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	31	17	12	6	3	1	64	18	2395
2019	First Nation	8	47	18	28	0	0	0	55	28	10
2019	Métis	20	40	22	4	13	0	0	60	17	25

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	19	22	16	7	0	0	54	24	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	29	20	14	10	6	0	54	25	2520
2024	First Nation	25	28	18	19	11	0	0	53	30	15
2024	Métis	36	13	38	6	6	0	0	49	12	15
2022	Indigenous	26	26	11	12	15	10	0	58	30	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	31	20	14	8	5	0	56	23	2580
2022	First Nation	7	29	28	16	9	12	0	41	28	10
2022	Métis	41	30	0	7	22	0	0	71	29	15
2020	Indigenous	35	30	23	6	0	6	0	69	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	34	18	10	5	5	0	66	16	2525
2020	First Nation	52	29	9	0	0	10	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	30	25	32	9	0	4	0	57	10	20
2019	Indigenous	7	38	24	22	8	0	0	45	31	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	29	22	14	8	6	1	52	24	2395
2019	First Nation	0	38	25	37	0	0	0	38	37	10
2019	Métis	12	37	19	19	13	0	0	48	32	25

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	27	32	17	13	12	0	58	25	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	33	18	15	9	3	56	25	2520
2024	First Nation	19	36	5	17	22	0	55	40	15
2024	Métis	22	36	30	6	6	0	58	12	15
2022	Indigenous	28	23	8	26	10	4	54	37	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	35	17	13	8	3	60	22	2580
2022	First Nation	13	23	8	36	9	12	41	50	10
2022	Métis	41	28	11	7	13	0	69	20	15
2020	Indigenous	38	27	12	18	2	3	67	21	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	37	17	11	5	2	66	17	2530
2020	First Nation	52	27	10	0	0	10	89	0	10
2020	Métis	34	25	9	28	4	0	59	32	20
2019	Indigenous	7	29	30	22	11	0	37	33	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	32	19	18	9	3	52	28	2405
2019	First Nation	0	17	53	30	0	0	17	30	10
2019	Métis	12	33	16	22	18	0	44	40	25

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	40	2	17	5	76	22	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	34	16	11	8	66	18	2525
2024	First Nation	36	29	5	18	11	66	29	15
2024	Métis	21	64	0	15	0	85	15	15
2022	Indigenous	40	25	12	10	12	65	22	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	36	15	10	7	68	17	2580
2022	First Nation	32	24	9	26	9	56	35	10
2022	Métis	50	25	18	0	7	75	7	15
2020	Indigenous	41	34	11	8	6	75	15	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	39	14	10	5	71	15	2530
2020	First Nation	44	38	0	9	10	81	19	10
2020	Métis	43	35	9	9	4	78	13	20
2019	Indigenous	25	36	19	4	15	61	20	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	36	16	12	6	66	18	2405
2019	First Nation	21	34	23	9	13	55	22	10
2019	Métis	27	42	10	3	18	69	21	25

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	52	5	3	5	87	8	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	43	10	9	3	78	12	2520
2024	First Nation	45	43	6	0	6	88	6	15
2024	Métis	27	61	6	0	6	88	6	15
2022	Indigenous	39	28	16	12	4	67	16	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	45	10	8	4	79	11	2580
2022	First Nation	59	14	18	9	0	73	9	10
2022	Métis	21	45	19	7	8	66	15	15
2020	Indigenous	49	39	9	0	3	88	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	43	11	8	3	78	11	2515
2020	First Nation	46	44	10	0	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	55	32	9	0	4	87	4	20
2019	Indigenous	33	46	8	9	4	80	13	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	41	13	10	3	74	13	2400
2019	First Nation	37	63	0	0	0	100	0	10
2019	Métis	33	38	8	14	6	72	20	25

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	36	7	10	0	0	3	82	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	31	11	6	4	0	0	78	10	2520
2024	First Nation	47	25	17	11	0	0	0	72	11	15
2024	Métis	29	51	0	13	0	0	7	86	14	15
2022	Indigenous	52	32	6	7	3	0	0	84	10	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	33	10	7	4	0	0	79	11	2585
2022	First Nation	69	22	0	9	0	0	0	91	9	10
2022	Métis	44	31	13	7	5	0	0	75	12	15
2020	Indigenous	68	24	6	3	0	0	0	92	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	32	12	6	3	0	0	79	10	2525
2020	First Nation	62	38	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	68	19	9	4	0	0	0	87	4	20
2019	Indigenous	52	16	17	2	10	3	0	70	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	32	13	8	4	1	0	76	11	2405
2019	First Nation	25	16	45	0	13	0	0	42	13	10
2019	Métis	65	14	4	3	10	4	0	83	14	25

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	45	10	7	2	5	0	80	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	39	12	9	3	0	1	75	13	2520
2024	First Nation	26	41	6	11	5	11	0	75	18	15
2024	Métis	37	37	19	7	0	0	0	74	7	15
2022	Indigenous	47	23	23	4	4	0	0	70	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	40	12	8	3	0	1	76	12	2575
2022	First Nation	47	16	28	9	0	0	0	63	9	10
2022	Métis	51	29	13	0	7	0	0	80	7	15
2020	Indigenous	46	31	14	6	3	0	0	77	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	40	13	7	2	0	1	78	9	2520
2020	First Nation	63	18	9	0	10	0	0	81	10	10
2020	Métis	38	39	18	5	0	0	0	77	5	20
2019	Indigenous	52	23	5	17	4	0	0	74	20	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	40	13	10	4	0	0	73	14	2400
2019	First Nation	53	16	9	22	0	0	0	69	22	10
2019	Métis	52	26	4	12	6	0	0	78	18	25

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	52	35	10	0	0	0	3	90	0	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	25	11	4	4	1	1	80	8	2520
2024	First Nation	53	24	23	0	0	0	0	77	0	15
2024	Métis	29	64	0	0	0	0	7	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	65	20	6	4	4	0	3	87	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	25	11	6	4	1	1	79	10	2585
2022	First Nation	69	7	8	9	0	0	8	82	10	10
2022	Métis	70	18	5	0	7	0	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	71	12	5	9	0	2	0	85	10	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	25	13	5	4	1	1	79	8	2525
2020	First Nation	71	29	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	69	4	8	15	0	4	0	76	15	20

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	28	10	20	12	0	59	31	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	34	18	13	10	2	58	23	2525
2024	First Nation	47	6	6	26	15	0	53	41	15
2024	Métis	28	26	19	13	13	0	54	27	15
2022	Indigenous	39	16	11	18	10	5	59	29	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	32	18	14	10	2	57	25	2585
2022	First Nation	34	8	20	29	9	0	41	38	10
2022	Métis	46	11	6	14	12	11	64	29	15
2020	Indigenous	35	36	9	8	9	3	74	18	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	35	19	13	7	3	61	20	2525
2020	First Nation	52	19	0	9	10	10	79	21	10
2020	Métis	29	44	13	4	9	0	73	13	20
2019	Indigenous	18	38	13	16	13	3	57	30	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	31	19	15	9	2	56	25	2405
2019	First Nation	16	22	23	25	13	0	38	39	10
2019	Métis	21	47	4	10	14	4	71	26	25

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	56	22	5	5	8	0	3	58	42	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	25	12	4	3	1	5	53	47	2525
2024	First Nation	48	29	13	6	5	0	0	48	52	15
2024	Métis	79	0	0	6	7	0	8	86	14	15
2022	Indigenous	49	27	4	4	4	3	8			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	10	4	3	1	5			2580
2022	First Nation	31	29	11	0	0	8	21			10
2022	Métis	63	22	0	7	8	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	55	20	15	6	3	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	24	12	4	2	0	3			2535
2020	First Nation	81	19	0	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	39	22	24	10	5	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	53	14	13	8	2	5	4			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	25	11	4	1	0	4			2405
2019	First Nation	47	25	0	13	0	0	14			10
2019	Métis	60	11	18	4	3	4	0			25

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	58	4	5	7	5	13	8	73	27	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	12	6	3	3	3	15	72	28	2525
2024	First Nation	68	0	11	11	5	0	5	72	28	15
2024	Métis	60	10	0	7	0	9	15	79	21	15

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	80	4	5	0	10	0	0	80	20	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	72	9	4	2	2	4	7	80	20	2520
2024	First Nation	77	5	13	0	5	0	0	77	23	15
2024	Métis	74	6	0	0	20	0	0	74	26	15
2022	Indigenous	65	17	3	0	0	10	4			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	9	4	2	3	4	6			2580
2022	First Nation	55	12	9	0	0	16	9			10
2022	Métis	66	26	0	0	0	9	0			15
2020	Indigenous	78	11	12	0	0	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	79	8	3	2	1	3	4			2520
2020	First Nation	91	9	0	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	73	8	19	0	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	82	9	9	0	0	0	0			35
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	8	5	2	2	4	5			2395
2019	First Nation	70	16	13	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	89	7	4	0	0	0	0			25

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	76	3	12	0	0	3	6	83	17	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	76	5	2	1	1	2	13	89	11	2520
2024	First Nation	77	0	23	0	0	0	0	77	23	15
2024	Métis	73	0	6	0	0	7	15	93	7	15

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	72	6	14	3	3	0	3	73	27	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	69	9	4	1	2	2	11	80	20	2520
2024	First Nation	65	0	28	7	0	0	0	65	35	15
2024	Métis	81	0	6	0	7	0	7	86	14	15

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	28	12	16	15	0	0	58	30	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	29	13	16	17	3	3	51	35	2520
2024	First Nation	27	26	6	13	29	0	0	53	41	15
2024	Métis	22	30	15	26	6	0	0	52	32	15
2022	Indigenous	19	22	6	22	21	10	0	46	48	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	29	13	16	17	2	4	50	36	2585
2022	First Nation	22	0	0	33	33	12	0	25	75	10
2022	Métis	15	28	11	19	15	11	0	49	38	15
2020	Indigenous	28	24	8	26	15	0	0	52	40	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	27	17	15	15	3	4	50	32	2535
2020	First Nation	44	0	8	38	10	0	0	44	48	10
2020	Métis	22	38	8	14	18	0	0	60	32	20
2019	Indigenous	16	27	15	12	26	0	4	45	40	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	25	16	16	17	3	3	47	35	2405
2019	First Nation	21	9	9	25	22	0	14	35	55	10
2019	Métis	15	37	12	7	29	0	0	52	36	25

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	49	36	10	3	3	85	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	39	13	9	4	74	13	2520
2024	First Nation	54	19	15	6	6	73	12	15
2024	Métis	34	66	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	42	26	12	11	9	68	20	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	12	8	6	74	14	2570
2022	First Nation	32	32	18	18	0	64	18	10
2022	Métis	54	21	10	8	7	74	15	15
2020	Indigenous	64	24	3	0	9	88	9	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	39	12	8	3	77	11	2525
2019	Indigenous	38	32	13	8	9	71	17	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	39	14	8	4	73	13	2395
2019	First Nation	22	50	28	0	0	72	0	10
2019	Métis	45	28	0	13	14	73	27	25

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	26	10	3	3	85	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	36	12	6	4	78	11	2520
2024	First Nation	54	17	17	6	6	71	12	15
2024	Métis	52	41	6	0	0	94	0	15
2022	Indigenous	52	20	13	7	9	72	16	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	12	7	5	77	11	2580
2022	First Nation	41	15	26	9	9	56	18	10
2022	Métis	60	28	5	7	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	71	15	6	2	6	86	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	35	12	7	3	78	10	2525
2020	First Nation	71	29	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	77	4	5	4	10	81	13	20
2019	Indigenous	50	23	6	14	6	73	21	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	33	14	7	4	74	11	2405
2019	First Nation	55	17	14	13	0	72	13	10
2019	Métis	49	24	0	17	10	73	27	25

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	55	26	7	5	7	0	0	81	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	37	14	8	4	0	1	73	12	2520
2024	First Nation	54	19	10	0	18	0	0	73	18	15
2024	Métis	42	38	7	13	0	0	0	80	13	15
2022	Indigenous	54	23	13	11	0	0	0	76	11	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	37	14	8	5	1	1	73	13	2580
2022	First Nation	49	16	26	9	0	0	0	65	9	10
2022	Métis	58	22	5	15	0	0	0	80	15	15
2020	Indigenous	54	34	3	7	3	0	0	88	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	42	13	6	2	0	0	79	8	2510
2020	First Nation	44	46	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	63	23	4	5	4	0	0	87	10	20
2019	Indigenous	38	32	17	10	3	0	0	70	13	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	40	15	8	3	0	0	73	11	2380
2019	First Nation	46	26	28	0	0	0	0	72	0	10
2019	Métis	36	36	8	16	4	0	0	72	20	25

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	47	28	10	10	5	0	0	75	15	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	40	17	9	4	3	1	69	13	2520
2024	First Nation	46	19	10	12	12	0	0	66	24	15
2024	Métis	37	36	13	13	0	0	0	73	13	15
2022	Indigenous	37	24	13	23	4	0	0	61	27	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	41	18	8	5	3	1	68	13	2580
2022	First Nation	26	24	13	28	9	0	0	51	37	10
2022	Métis	47	24	15	14	0	0	0	71	14	15
2020	Indigenous	52	37	5	2	3	0	0	89	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	43	16	7	2	3	0	74	9	2530
2020	First Nation	54	46	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	55	31	4	4	5	0	0	87	9	20
2019	Indigenous	20	48	17	10	5	0	0	68	14	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	43	19	8	3	2	1	69	12	2400
2019	First Nation	22	50	14	13	0	0	0	72	13	10
2019	Métis	19	50	14	9	8	0	0	69	17	25

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	62	14	3	14	7	0	0	76	21	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	30	10	8	5	0	0	77	13	2525
2024	First Nation	60	16	7	6	11	0	0	76	17	15
2024	Métis	53	20	0	20	7	0	0	73	27	15
2022	Indigenous	51	36	6	3	4	0	0	87	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	32	10	6	4	0	0	79	11	2580
2022	First Nation	50	33	16	0	0	0	0	84	0	10
2022	Métis	58	29	0	6	7	0	0	87	13	15
2020	Indigenous	68	17	0	3	9	0	3	88	12	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	33	10	8	3	0	0	79	11	2525
2020	First Nation	64	9	0	9	10	0	9	79	21	10
2020	Métis	68	23	0	0	10	0	0	90	10	20
2019	Indigenous	50	18	6	12	10	4	0	71	23	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	30	12	7	3	0	0	78	10	2400
2019	First Nation	47	16	0	9	13	14	0	74	26	10
2019	Métis	52	21	6	12	10	0	0	72	22	25

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	36	12	2	10	0	0	75	12	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	36	18	10	6	0	1	66	16	2525
2024	First Nation	37	30	23	0	10	0	0	67	10	15
2024	Métis	35	53	6	0	7	0	0	88	7	15
2022	Indigenous	41	38	11	4	3	0	3	81	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	35	18	10	6	0	1	66	16	2585
2022	First Nation	43	41	8	0	8	0	0	84	8	10
2022	Métis	42	33	10	8	0	0	6	80	9	15
2020	Indigenous	36	41	13	6	3	0	0	77	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	37	18	10	6	0	0	66	16	2525
2020	First Nation	64	18	0	9	10	0	0	81	19	10
2020	Métis	25	49	21	5	0	0	0	74	5	20
2019	Indigenous	32	37	11	13	4	3	0	71	18	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	35	18	9	5	0	0	68	14	2400
2019	First Nation	40	36	16	8	0	0	0	76	8	10
2019	Métis	30	38	10	11	7	4	0	71	18	25

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	27	6	3	3	0	3	88	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	67	21	5	2	2	1	1	91	4	2520
2024	First Nation	64	30	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	15
2024	Métis	42	29	9	7	7	0	7	76	14	15
2022	Indigenous	84	9	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	23	5	2	2	1	1	91	4	2580
2022	First Nation	75	17	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	10
2022	Métis	93	0	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	15

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	26	37	38	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	49	25	2525
2024	First Nation	29	47	24	15
2024	Métis	26	30	44	15
2022	Indigenous	43	42	15	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	46	25	2585
2022	First Nation	38	31	31	10
2022	Métis	46	48	6	15
2020	Indigenous	16	63	21	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	58	29	2535
2020	First Nation	0	67	33	10
2020	Métis	21	62	17	20
2019	Indigenous	22	33	45	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	52	29	2410
2019	First Nation	29	18	54	10
2019	Métis	21	44	35	25

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	To retire (%)	To pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	To pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	To pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	End of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Other reason (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	41	10	0	31	18	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	23	17	10	21	5	590
2022	Indigenous	0	47	30	0	10	12	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	21	16	10	21	6	685

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	66	24	0	6	5	89	11	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	38	9	4	2	85	7	2515
2024	First Nation	51	38	0	6	5	88	12	15
2024	Métis	74	19	0	0	6	94	6	15
2022	Indigenous	71	12	0	13	4	84	16	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	5	1	85	6	2575
2022	First Nation	67	24	0	9	0	91	9	10
2022	Métis	80	5	0	8	7	85	15	15
2020	Indigenous	63	31	3	0	3	94	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	38	8	4	1	86	6	2515
2020	First Nation	81	19	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	54	36	5	0	4	90	4	20
2019	Indigenous	46	32	9	9	4	78	13	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	39	12	6	2	81	8	2400
2019	First Nation	53	34	13	0	0	87	0	10
2019	Métis	42	29	8	14	6	71	21	25

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	47	10	8	5	0	78	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	45	14	8	3	0	75	11	2520
2024	First Nation	40	26	17	12	5	0	66	17	15
2024	Métis	28	58	0	7	6	0	87	13	15
2022	Indigenous	41	45	6	4	4	0	87	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	45	15	8	4	1	73	12	2580
2022	First Nation	40	42	9	0	9	0	82	9	10
2022	Métis	46	42	5	7	0	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	51	34	12	3	0	0	85	3	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	42	14	7	2	1	77	9	2530
2020	First Nation	54	46	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	53	23	19	5	0	0	76	5	20
2019	Indigenous	32	44	17	5	3	0	76	8	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	42	16	8	3	1	72	12	2410
2019	First Nation	21	57	22	0	0	0	78	0	10
2019	Métis	39	32	16	8	4	0	71	13	25

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	9	15	59	6	11	0	0	16	25	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	22	37	20	10	0	2	31	31	2515
2024	First Nation	11	22	35	13	19	0	0	32	33	15
2024	Métis	12	7	74	0	7	0	0	7	19	15
2022	Indigenous	12	25	22	28	8	0	4	38	39	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	23	37	21	9	0	2	31	31	2580
2022	First Nation	20	24	16	22	6	0	12	32	50	10
2022	Métis	8	20	27	34	11	0	0	45	28	15
2020	Indigenous	0	26	41	24	9	0	0	33	26	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	23	39	23	9	1	1	32	29	2530
2020	First Nation	0	19	29	42	10	0	0	52	19	10
2020	Métis	0	27	47	17	8	0	0	26	27	20
2019	Indigenous	8	19	40	20	11	3	0	32	28	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	25	38	20	8	1	1	28	33	2405
2019	First Nation	0	15	48	13	23	0	0	37	15	10
2019	Métis	13	16	35	26	6	4	0	34	30	25

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	5	32	32	13	15	2	0	29	38	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	26	29	15	8	1	3	24	45	2520
2024	First Nation	6	39	29	7	12	6	0	20	49	15
2024	Métis	6	23	51	21	0	0	0	21	29	15
2022	Indigenous	14	14	44	17	7	0	4	25	29	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	25	32	16	8	1	4	25	41	2580
2022	First Nation	9	17	35	21	7	0	12	32	29	10
2022	Métis	21	15	49	7	8	0	0	15	36	15
2020	Indigenous	3	18	40	18	22	0	0	39	21	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	22	33	21	9	1	2	31	35	2525
2020	First Nation	0	17	28	28	27	0	0	55	17	10
2020	Métis	4	20	41	14	21	0	0	35	24	20
2019	Indigenous	9	22	40	9	20	0	0	29	31	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	26	30	16	9	2	2	26	43	2400
2019	First Nation	8	25	22	9	37	0	0	45	32	10
2019	Métis	10	24	43	8	14	0	0	22	34	25

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	2	16	30	32	20	0	0	52	18	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	12	33	32	16	1	2	49	17	2515
2024	First Nation	5	24	17	31	24	0	0	54	29	15
2024	Métis	0	6	53	41	0	0	0	41	6	15
2022	Indigenous	4	13	36	25	18	0	4	45	18	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	12	34	31	15	1	3	48	17	2570
2022	First Nation	0	17	14	23	35	0	12	65	19	10
2022	Métis	7	14	39	33	8	0	0	41	21	15
2020	Indigenous	0	11	31	44	11	3	0	57	11	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	12	32	35	15	0	1	51	16	2520
2020	First Nation	0	9	29	27	25	10	0	58	10	10
2020	Métis	0	9	34	53	4	0	0	57	9	20
2019	Indigenous	7	11	39	12	28	3	0	41	18	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	13	35	30	16	1	1	47	17	2390
2019	First Nation	0	16	38	0	45	0	0	45	16	10
2019	Métis	11	10	31	19	24	4	0	45	22	25

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	11	20	26	20	18	5	0	40	33	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	21	27	18	13	1	3	33	38	2515
2024	First Nation	21	19	12	30	6	11	0	41	45	15
2024	Métis	6	22	53	5	14	0	0	20	27	15
2022	Indigenous	18	17	17	20	18	5	4	42	39	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	21	27	20	12	1	4	34	38	2575
2022	First Nation	6	8	14	32	28	0	12	68	16	10
2022	Métis	21	28	17	9	15	11	0	26	55	15
2020	Indigenous	6	17	21	33	19	3	0	54	24	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	19	28	24	15	1	2	41	30	2525
2020	First Nation	0	19	9	29	33	10	0	69	21	10
2020	Métis	10	13	26	37	13	0	0	51	23	20
2019	Indigenous	4	28	31	12	20	5	0	34	34	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	19	29	22	14	1	2	37	33	2400
2019	First Nation	0	38	16	9	37	0	0	45	38	10
2019	Métis	7	23	32	16	14	8	0	32	33	25

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	4	11	8	35	34	8	0	75	17	30
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	10	22	28	25	3	8	59	16	2520
2024	First Nation	5	5	12	37	29	12	0	76	11	15
2024	Métis	6	23	7	35	22	8	0	61	31	10
2022	Indigenous	10	11	8	41	23	3	4	69	22	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	12	22	27	24	4	7	57	19	2575
2022	First Nation	8	8	6	32	28	8	12	74	19	10
2022	Métis	13	10	12	41	24	0	0	64	24	15
2020	Indigenous	0	3	29	29	39	0	0	67	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	7	19	35	30	3	3	69	10	2520
2020	First Nation	0	0	25	31	44	0	0	75	0	10
2020	Métis	0	5	26	30	39	0	0	69	5	20
2019	Indigenous	2	17	27	25	27	3	0	53	19	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	9	22	33	26	3	4	63	13	2390

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	14	13	39	15	19	0	0	34	27	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	23	30	15	10	2	4	26	43	2520
2024	First Nation	16	23	31	24	6	0	0	30	39	15
2024	Métis	19	0	59	7	15	0	0	22	19	15
2022	Indigenous	19	24	24	19	4	5	4	26	48	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	23	31	15	10	2	3	26	41	2575
2022	First Nation	15	25	15	22	11	0	12	38	45	10
2022	Métis	21	29	30	21	0	0	0	21	50	15
2020	Indigenous	2	28	37	21	12	0	0	33	30	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	22	32	21	10	2	2	33	34	2515
2020	First Nation	0	17	47	16	19	0	0	36	17	10
2020	Métis	4	31	31	25	9	0	0	34	35	20
2019	Indigenous	11	23	31	6	18	8	3	28	37	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	24	30	17	11	2	2	29	39	2395
2019	First Nation	8	38	18	0	28	0	9	30	50	10
2019	Métis	13	16	35	7	17	12	0	27	34	25

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	10	45	32	13	0	0	45	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	16	34	24	15	1	3	41	24	2520
2024	First Nation	0	17	28	30	25	0	0	55	17	15
2024	Métis	0	6	47	40	7	0	0	47	6	15
2022	Indigenous	14	12	30	21	14	5	4	38	28	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	15	34	27	15	1	3	44	20	2575
2022	First Nation	0	24	22	31	11	0	12	48	27	10
2022	Métis	17	5	38	17	13	11	0	33	24	15
2020	Indigenous	9	5	45	30	11	0	0	42	14	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	15	35	30	13	0	1	43	21	2525
2020	First Nation	10	0	42	37	10	0	0	47	10	10
2020	Métis	9	8	45	25	13	0	0	38	17	20
2019	Indigenous	11	16	36	13	25	0	0	38	26	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	17	31	26	15	1	2	42	26	2405
2019	First Nation	8	31	16	22	23	0	0	45	38	10
2019	Métis	13	11	44	7	24	0	0	32	24	25

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	24	33	10	26	8	0	56	34	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	32	22	17	9	2	50	27	2520
2024	First Nation	37	24	11	17	10	0	61	28	15
2024	Métis	21	25	7	47	0	0	46	47	15
2022	Indigenous	20	19	22	21	8	10	43	32	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	34	22	17	8	3	51	26	2575
2022	First Nation	15	17	23	19	15	12	35	38	10
2022	Métis	23	19	15	27	5	11	47	36	15
2020	Indigenous	36	35	17	10	3	0	70	13	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	37	21	13	4	3	62	17	2520
2020	First Nation	54	27	9	10	0	0	81	10	10
2020	Métis	29	33	22	11	4	0	62	16	20
2019	Indigenous	4	49	30	13	4	0	53	17	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	31	24	18	7	3	49	26	2395
2019	First Nation	13	34	45	8	0	0	47	8	10
2019	Métis	0	57	19	17	7	0	57	24	25

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	13	10	8	5	0	77	12	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	29	7	7	4	1	81	12	2520
2024	First Nation	65	13	12	0	11	0	78	11	15
2024	Métis	54	12	14	20	0	0	66	20	15
2022	Indigenous	73	13	8	4	4	0	85	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	29	8	7	5	1	81	11	2580
2022	First Nation	75	8	9	0	9	0	82	9	10
2022	Métis	71	14	8	7	0	0	85	7	15
2020	Indigenous	64	19	8	0	9	0	83	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	31	9	7	4	1	80	11	2525
2020	First Nation	65	35	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	60	13	13	0	14	0	73	14	20
2019	Indigenous	47	34	6	10	2	0	82	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	29	10	9	4	0	77	13	2400
2019	First Nation	53	34	13	0	0	0	87	0	10
2019	Métis	44	35	4	12	4	0	80	16	25

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	19	5	5	7	82	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	58	30	6	5	2	88	7	2520
2024	First Nation	70	12	6	7	5	83	11	15
2024	Métis	47	26	7	7	13	73	20	15
2022	Indigenous	73	13	15	0	0	85	0	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	30	6	5	2	87	7	2580
2022	First Nation	74	8	18	0	0	82	0	10
2022	Métis	71	14	15	0	0	85	0	15
2020	Indigenous	69	17	8	6	0	86	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	31	6	3	2	89	5	2515
2020	First Nation	73	19	0	9	0	91	9	10
2020	Métis	64	18	13	5	0	82	5	20
2019	Indigenous	58	25	8	6	2	83	9	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	33	8	5	2	86	7	2400
2019	First Nation	79	0	8	13	0	79	13	10
2019	Métis	53	33	6	4	4	86	8	25

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	56	36	5	0	2	0	93	2	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	37	9	4	2	1	85	6	2520
2024	First Nation	47	36	12	0	5	0	83	5	15
2024	Métis	54	46	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	62	19	12	7	0	0	81	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	36	8	4	2	1	85	6	2580
2022	First Nation	60	31	0	9	0	0	91	9	10
2022	Métis	71	9	13	7	0	0	80	7	15
2020	Indigenous	68	21	3	9	0	0	88	9	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	37	10	3	1	1	85	5	2510
2019	Indigenous	49	40	5	4	2	0	89	6	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	37	10	5	2	0	83	7	2400
2019	First Nation	65	28	8	0	0	0	92	0	10
2019	Métis	46	44	0	6	4	0	90	10	25

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	18	11	13	5	0	71	18	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	38	12	5	3	2	79	9	2520
2024	First Nation	46	25	12	12	5	0	70	17	15
2024	Métis	54	12	7	20	7	0	66	27	15
2022	Indigenous	52	24	13	11	0	0	76	11	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	38	12	5	3	2	79	9	2580
2022	First Nation	35	30	18	17	0	0	65	17	10
2022	Métis	71	8	12	9	0	0	79	9	15
2020	Indigenous	77	14	0	8	0	0	92	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	38	10	4	2	2	84	6	2520
2020	First Nation	83	17	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	73	14	0	13	0	0	87	13	20
2019	Indigenous	44	36	12	0	8	0	80	8	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	38	12	5	2	2	81	7	2395
2019	First Nation	38	48	0	0	13	0	87	13	10
2019	Métis	48	32	14	0	7	0	79	7	25

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	33	14	5	5	3	0	75	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	41	35	12	5	2	5	1	80	7	2520
2024	First Nation	24	46	18	0	5	6	0	76	5	15
2024	Métis	45	18	17	13	7	0	0	63	20	15
2022	Indigenous	31	22	14	10	12	11	0	60	24	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	37	13	5	2	6	1	78	7	2580
2022	First Nation	23	40	6	9	11	12	0	71	23	10
2022	Métis	39	7	14	13	15	13	0	53	32	15
2020	Indigenous	69	19	3	6	0	3	0	91	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	34	15	4	1	5	1	79	6	2525
2020	First Nation	64	17	9	0	0	10	0	90	0	10
2020	Métis	74	17	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	20
2019	Indigenous	43	25	22	5	4	0	0	69	9	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	33	16	4	1	4	1	78	6	2395
2019	First Nation	47	23	22	8	0	0	0	70	8	10
2019	Métis	45	25	19	4	7	0	0	70	11	25

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	34	3	8	2	87	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	35	6	5	2	87	7	2525
2024	First Nation	47	36	6	6	5	83	11	15
2024	Métis	45	41	0	13	0	87	13	15
2022	Indigenous	62	24	8	7	0	86	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	33	7	4	2	87	6	2580
2022	First Nation	61	22	0	17	0	83	17	10
2022	Métis	71	14	15	0	0	85	0	15
2020	Indigenous	72	20	2	3	3	92	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	30	6	2	1	90	4	2520
2020	First Nation	91	9	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	64	23	4	5	4	87	10	20
2019	Indigenous	46	43	3	2	6	89	8	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	31	7	3	2	88	5	2405
2019	First Nation	47	39	0	0	13	87	13	10
2019	Métis	46	44	4	3	4	89	7	25

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	54	14	22	5	2	3	0	69	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	41	26	11	6	4	8	4	76	11	2525
2024	First Nation	47	19	30	0	5	0	0	65	5	15
2024	Métis	49	6	25	13	0	7	0	59	14	15
2022	Indigenous	57	31	8	0	4	0	0	88	4	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	28	11	6	3	6	4	78	10	2580
2022	First Nation	48	44	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	10
2022	Métis	66	22	5	0	7	0	0	88	7	15

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	14	19	8	5	3	0	67	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	26	12	6	5	8	5	75	12	2520
2024	First Nation	46	20	23	6	5	0	0	66	11	15
2024	Métis	42	12	25	13	0	7	0	59	14	15
2022	Indigenous	57	24	12	0	8	0	0	81	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	29	11	6	3	6	4	78	10	2585
2022	First Nation	48	36	16	0	0	0	0	84	0	10
2022	Métis	66	14	5	0	15	0	0	80	15	15

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	11	25	9	7	13	5	49	20	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	22	19	7	3	17	2	65	12	2520
2024	First Nation	18	19	24	6	5	22	6	52	15	15
2024	Métis	31	0	31	17	13	8	0	33	33	15
2022	Indigenous	36	16	27	8	8	4	0	55	17	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	24	21	8	3	13	2	63	13	2580
2022	First Nation	24	28	9	8	20	12	0	59	31	10
2022	Métis	47	5	47	0	0	0	0	53	0	15
2020	Indigenous	60	17	14	8	0	0	0	78	8	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	32	19	5	2	9	2	70	8	2535
2020	First Nation	64	27	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	10
2020	Métis	56	13	18	13	0	0	0	69	13	20

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	29	9	5	2	3	0	84	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	29	9	6	4	7	3	79	11	2520
2024	First Nation	36	46	12	0	5	0	0	83	5	15
2024	Métis	63	16	0	13	0	7	0	86	14	15
2022	Indigenous	57	26	6	4	4	0	3	86	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	31	10	6	4	5	3	79	10	2580
2022	First Nation	50	23	9	11	0	0	8	78	12	10
2022	Métis	59	29	5	0	7	0	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	75	11	6	3	3	0	3	88	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	29	11	5	2	5	2	81	8	2525
2020	First Nation	81	10	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	10
2020	Métis	73	12	5	4	5	0	0	85	10	20

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	14	16	20	3	8	40	0	49	17	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	15	22	5	5	39	6	43	17	2520
2024	First Nation	19	13	12	6	5	46	0	58	20	15
2024	Métis	15	21	39	0	0	26	0	48	0	15
2022	Indigenous	3	14	18	6	8	48	4	34	30	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	16	26	4	3	37	5	43	12	2580
2022	First Nation	7	14	15	8	9	48	0	41	32	10
2022	Métis	0	11	24	7	9	42	8	22	31	15

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	8	25	8	28	17	3	24	44	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	10	23	22	21	16	0	21	52	30

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	16	8	8	12	12	3	66	24	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	31	17	7	6	6	5	66	15	2525
2024	First Nation	41	18	6	13	11	5	6	67	27	15
2024	Métis	45	22	7	7	20	0	0	66	27	15
2022	Indigenous	41	22	12	3	4	8	10	76	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	32	17	7	6	7	5	66	15	2580
2022	First Nation	23	35	15	9	0	0	19	71	11	10
2022	Métis	47	11	13	0	7	17	5	74	9	15
2020	Indigenous	43	27	8	15	0	3	3	75	16	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	32	18	8	5	6	5	66	14	2530
2020	First Nation	44	9	19	10	0	10	9	64	13	10
2020	Métis	47	31	4	19	0	0	0	77	19	20
2019	Indigenous	32	20	21	18	6	3	0	53	25	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	30	17	9	5	5	4	65	15	2400
2019	First Nation	40	16	14	16	13	0	0	56	30	10
2019	Métis	29	24	24	14	4	4	0	56	19	25

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	32	10	8	13	0	0	69	21	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	36	14	9	5	3	1	71	15	2520
2024	First Nation	49	24	11	6	11	0	0	72	17	15
2024	Métis	36	31	13	7	13	0	0	67	20	15
2022	Indigenous	37	35	10	10	4	4	0	75	15	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	33	16	9	5	4	2	68	15	2580
2022	First Nation	21	34	19	15	11	0	0	55	26	10
2022	Métis	52	27	5	8	0	8	0	85	9	15
2020	Indigenous	62	20	7	11	0	0	0	81	11	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	36	14	9	3	4	2	73	13	2520
2020	First Nation	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	43	31	12	14	0	0	0	74	14	20
2019	Indigenous	31	42	13	9	2	0	3	75	12	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	35	15	10	5	4	2	69	15	2405
2019	First Nation	34	25	28	13	0	0	0	59	13	10
2019	Métis	30	50	4	8	4	0	4	83	13	25

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	27	15	5	7	0	72	13	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	38	18	5	3	1	73	9	2520
2024	First Nation	42	30	11	12	5	0	72	17	15
2024	Métis	44	22	20	0	13	0	66	13	15
2022	Indigenous	39	31	13	17	0	0	70	17	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	36	18	6	3	2	71	10	2580
2022	First Nation	35	22	14	29	0	0	57	29	10
2022	Métis	44	29	14	12	0	0	73	12	15
2020	Indigenous	65	20	5	9	0	0	86	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	18	4	2	2	76	6	2520
2020	First Nation	91	9	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	57	24	8	10	0	0	81	10	20
2019	Indigenous	33	36	22	3	6	0	69	9	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	35	20	7	3	3	69	10	2395
2019	First Nation	38	41	8	0	13	0	79	13	10
2019	Métis	32	35	24	4	4	0	68	8	25

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	20	10	14	13	5	0	62	28	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	24	18	11	8	11	2	57	22	2525
2024	First Nation	30	19	17	13	11	11	0	55	27	15
2024	Métis	36	31	0	20	13	0	0	66	34	15
2022	Indigenous	44	16	6	15	6	9	3	69	24	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	23	19	11	10	12	3	53	24	2580
2022	First Nation	37	15	8	9	0	24	8	76	13	10
2022	Métis	54	5	6	23	12	0	0	59	35	15
2020	Indigenous	49	11	12	11	11	6	0	64	24	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	23	20	11	8	12	3	55	22	2530
2020	First Nation	64	0	9	10	0	17	0	77	12	10
2020	Métis	44	17	14	12	13	0	0	61	26	20
2019	Indigenous	21	16	34	11	15	3	0	38	27	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	21	21	14	10	12	2	48	28	2400
2019	First Nation	16	17	36	16	13	0	0	34	30	10
2019	Métis	23	18	27	10	18	4	0	42	29	25

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	41	3	5	2	90	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	49	5	10	4	82	13	2520
2024	First Nation	37	53	0	6	5	89	11	15
2024	Métis	49	38	6	7	0	87	7	15
2022	Indigenous	39	42	0	16	4	81	19	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	48	5	10	4	81	14	2580
2022	First Nation	53	29	0	18	0	82	18	10
2022	Métis	25	51	0	18	7	75	25	15
2020	Indigenous	38	48	0	10	3	86	14	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	50	5	8	2	86	9	2535
2020	First Nation	24	67	0	9	0	91	9	10
2020	Métis	48	39	0	8	5	87	13	20

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	46	37	7	6	5	0	82	11	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	45	34	7	8	5	0	79	13	2515
2024	First Nation	41	30	10	7	12	0	71	19	15
2024	Métis	41	46	7	7	0	0	87	7	15
2022	Indigenous	55	24	3	15	3	0	79	18	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	33	6	5	2	1	87	7	2580
2022	First Nation	61	30	9	0	0	0	91	0	10
2022	Métis	40	25	0	29	6	0	65	35	15
2020	Indigenous	59	29	0	3	10	0	88	12	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	41	10	10	2	0	78	12	2530
2020	First Nation	56	25	0	9	10	0	81	19	10
2020	Métis	58	32	0	0	10	0	90	10	20
2019	Indigenous	42	30	8	13	6	0	72	19	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	33	6	6	2	0	86	8	2405
2019	First Nation	39	39	0	9	13	0	78	22	10
2019	Métis	40	30	9	17	3	0	71	20	25

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	60	30	3	5	2	90	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	32	6	4	1	89	5	2520
2024	First Nation	65	24	6	0	5	89	5	15
2024	Métis	51	36	0	14	0	86	14	15
2022	Indigenous	49	35	9	4	4	84	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	32	5	3	1	91	4	2575
2022	First Nation	49	31	11	0	9	80	9	10
2022	Métis	48	35	8	9	0	83	9	15
2020	Indigenous	80	9	5	0	7	89	7	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	35	7	5	1	87	6	2515
2020	First Nation	90	0	0	0	10	90	10	10
2020	Métis	78	13	4	0	5	91	5	20
2019	Indigenous	72	15	6	3	4	87	6	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	32	6	4	1	89	5	2390
2019	First Nation	62	25	0	0	13	87	13	10
2019	Métis	77	9	10	4	0	86	4	25

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	70	14	9	5	2	0	84	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	65	16	6	6	5	2	82	11	2520
2024	First Nation	52	24	13	6	5	0	76	11	15
2024	Métis	83	10	0	7	0	0	93	7	15

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	58	24	9	8	2	0	81	10	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	16	7	7	4	2	81	12	2520
2024	First Nation	54	22	13	6	5	0	76	11	15
2024	Métis	77	10	0	14	0	0	86	14	15

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	80	10	5	3	0	3	92	3	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	78	9	4	2	3	4	91	5	2525
2024	First Nation	75	14	5	6	0	0	89	6	15
2024	Métis	83	10	0	0	0	7	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	87	3	3	0	0	7	97	0	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	10	3	2	3	4	92	5	2580
2022	First Nation	84	0	8	0	0	8	92	0	10
2022	Métis	91	0	0	0	0	9	100	0	15
2019	Indigenous	81	6	6	3	4	0	87	6	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	11	4	2	3	3	90	5	2395
2019	First Nation	72	14	0	0	13	0	87	13	10
2019	Métis	87	3	6	4	0	0	90	4	25

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	27	20	0	7	10	0	70	7	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	29	15	6	3	6	2	75	9	2520
2024	First Nation	45	13	23	0	7	12	0	66	8	15
2024	Métis	43	21	13	0	10	13	0	74	11	15
2022	Indigenous	41	36	8	0	6	4	4	85	6	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	30	17	5	2	6	3	73	9	2580
2022	First Nation	23	43	15	0	8	0	12	75	9	10
2022	Métis	58	28	0	0	5	9	0	94	6	15
2020	Indigenous	58	18	15	3	0	3	3	81	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	26	17	6	2	6	3	72	9	2535
2020	First Nation	83	17	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	49	17	19	5	0	5	4	73	6	20
2019	Indigenous	44	25	14	9	3	5	0	73	12	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	26	15	6	3	9	2	73	10	2410
2019	First Nation	77	0	0	23	0	0	0	77	23	10
2019	Métis	28	36	20	3	4	8	0	70	8	25

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2520
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2580

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	54	46	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	215

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	47	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	215

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	215

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	215

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	215

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	215

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	215

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	63	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	220

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	57	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	220

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	57	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	220

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	44	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	220

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	220

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	220

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	54	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	220

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	83	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	220

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	220

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	44	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	220

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	81	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	220

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	83	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	220

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	220

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	220

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	220

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	220

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	72	220
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	220

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	200

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	83	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	200

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	200

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	200

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	200

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	200

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	200

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	200

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	200

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	69	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	200

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	200

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	56	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	200

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	200

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	47	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	200

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	210

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	200

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	15	12	5	4	38	10	59	18	2525
2024	First Nation	0	13	11	5	18	42	12	28	49	15
2022	Indigenous	23	12	12	8	4	33	9	60	20	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	13	12	5	5	39	11	56	19	2580
2020	Indigenous	26	28	5	11	6	24	0	71	22	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	14	15	5	3	34	9	60	13	2530
2020	First Nation	54	17	0	0	0	29	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	13	35	8	17	5	22	0	62	28	20
2019	Indigenous	26	9	24	9	6	20	6	47	21	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	13	19	5	4	30	10	54	15	2410
2019	First Nation	35	14	21	9	13	8	0	53	24	10
2019	Métis	25	7	22	11	3	22	10	47	20	25

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	15	13	8	7	24	0	63	20	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	31	14	5	3	12	2	75	10	2520
2024	Métis	44	12	10	7	13	14	0	65	23	15
2022	Indigenous	42	33	9	4	4	8	0	82	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	32	13	5	3	13	1	74	10	2585
2022	Métis	56	20	0	8	7	9	0	83	17	15
2020	Indigenous	59	16	14	9	0	3	0	77	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	29	16	4	2	11	1	75	7	2525
2020	First Nation	83	9	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	10
2020	Métis	52	17	17	10	0	4	0	72	10	20
2019	Indigenous	40	16	26	2	6	9	0	62	9	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	28	18	4	3	12	1	71	8	2410
2019	First Nation	51	14	21	0	13	0	0	66	13	10
2019	Métis	40	13	25	4	3	14	0	63	8	25

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2515
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2580
2020	Indigenous	0	100	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2530
2020	First Nation	0	100	10
2020	Métis	0	100	20

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	65	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	105

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	71	29	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	30	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	27	105

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	135

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	100	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	105

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	135

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	135

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	105

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	72	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	105

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	69	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	77	105

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	105

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	135

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	73	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	70	105

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	67	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	105

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	135

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	135

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	135

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	105

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	105

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	78	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	105

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	100	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	105

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	76	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	105

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	105

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	135

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	105

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	135

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	135

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	105

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	105

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	38	145
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	135
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	105

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	125

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	85	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	125

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	125

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	125

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	125

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	125

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	125

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	125

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	125

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	125

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	125

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	60	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	125

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	125

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	66	34	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	125

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	88	140
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	125

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	17	8	14	13	5	38	5	44	31	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	15	15	3	2	39	8	61	11	2525
2024	Métis	37	0	16	13	7	26	0	50	28	15
2022	Indigenous	22	8	19	7	0	37	6	54	12	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	14	16	3	2	41	8	59	10	2585
2020	Indigenous	33	16	11	3	0	36	0	77	5	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	14	16	2	1	37	8	64	7	2525
2020	First Nation	54	0	9	0	0	38	0	86	0	10
2020	Métis	21	25	14	5	0	34	0	71	8	20
2019	Indigenous	27	10	27	6	0	27	4	53	8	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	13	19	3	2	33	10	59	8	2400
2019	First Nation	44	0	28	13	0	15	0	51	16	10
2019	Métis	22	15	22	3	0	33	4	60	5	25

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	27	10	3	10	10	0	75	14	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	31	14	4	2	14	2	75	8	2525
2024	Métis	44	29	0	0	20	7	0	78	22	15
2022	Indigenous	41	24	18	4	0	6	6	74	5	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	32	15	4	2	13	1	75	8	2585
2022	Métis	61	10	15	9	0	0	5	75	9	15
2020	Indigenous	61	22	9	0	0	8	0	90	0	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	30	16	3	2	12	1	77	5	2525
2020	First Nation	83	9	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	10
2020	Métis	51	30	10	0	0	8	0	89	0	20
2019	Indigenous	42	19	18	6	0	14	2	72	7	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	27	17	3	2	13	1	74	6	2405
2019	First Nation	65	0	14	13	0	8	0	70	14	10
2019	Métis	36	24	22	3	0	14	0	71	3	25

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	22	78	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2515
2024	First Nation	40	60	15
2024	Métis	13	87	15
2022	Indigenous	23	77	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2585
2022	First Nation	27	73	10
2022	Métis	25	75	15
2020	Indigenous	14	86	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2515
2020	First Nation	0	100	10
2020	Métis	22	78	20
2019	Indigenous	15	85	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2410
2019	First Nation	17	83	10
2019	Métis	16	84	25

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	50	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	200

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	72	28	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	22	200

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	48	29	6	10	4	1	2	79	15	200
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	34	7	5	5	0	0	82	11	155

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	56	11	9	11	5	2	5	73	18	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	30	9	5	2	4	4	83	8	2520
2024	First Nation	56	6	12	14	6	5	0	66	21	15
2024	Métis	50	13	10	13	7	0	6	68	22	15
2022	Indigenous	46	31	0	12	3	0	8	83	17	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	34	7	3	2	4	3	86	6	2580
2022	First Nation	40	32	0	0	8	0	20	90	10	10
2022	Métis	49	27	0	25	0	0	0	75	25	15
2020	Indigenous	74	21	2	3	0	0	0	95	3	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	31	9	3	2	4	4	85	5	2530
2020	First Nation	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2020	Métis	64	27	4	4	0	0	0	92	4	20

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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	18	2	3	11	0	3	84	14	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	26	7	4	3	1	0	86	7	2525
2024	First Nation	63	19	5	6	7	0	0	82	13	15
2024	Métis	57	16	0	0	20	0	7	78	22	15
2022	Indigenous	72	21	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	29	6	4	3	1	0	87	7	2585
2022	First Nation	72	28	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Métis	71	14	15	0	0	0	0	85	0	15
2020	Indigenous	76	14	3	7	0	0	0	91	7	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	5	3	1	0	83	9	2525
2020	First Nation	81	9	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	72	19	4	5	0	0	0	90	5	20

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	2	11	0	5	64	12	6	84	16	30
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	5	10	6	46	7	23	75	11	2520
2024	First Nation	5	14	0	12	53	8	7	77	23	15
2024	Métis	0	6	0	0	67	21	7	92	8	15
2022	Indigenous	0	8	9	3	54	10	17	78	10	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	4	10	6	49	6	22	76	10	2580
2022	First Nation	0	0	22	0	30	11	36	57	0	10
2022	Métis	0	15	0	7	68	5	5	83	17	15

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	39	11	17	7	2	64	25	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	38	18	9	4	4	67	14	2525
2024	First Nation	30	36	12	6	11	5	69	18	15
2024	Métis	27	23	6	37	7	0	50	44	15
2022	Indigenous	32	35	9	17	8	0	67	24	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	40	16	6	4	4	74	10	2580
2022	First Nation	25	47	16	11	0	0	73	11	10
2022	Métis	44	22	5	14	15	0	66	29	15
2020	Indigenous	68	20	5	3	3	0	88	7	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	38	11	3	1	2	84	5	2525
2020	First Nation	64	26	0	0	10	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	71	15	9	5	0	0	86	5	20
2019	Indigenous	30	24	17	14	12	3	56	27	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	37	22	13	4	6	59	18	2400
2019	First Nation	38	17	23	8	13	0	56	21	10
2019	Métis	28	24	16	15	13	4	54	29	25

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	19	34	31	10	6	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	28	35	17	6	2520
2024	First Nation	18	21	31	24	6	15
2024	Métis	29	31	40	0	0	15
2022	Indigenous	12	47	11	26	4	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	34	32	18	4	2580
2022	First Nation	17	39	8	37	0	10
2022	Métis	11	58	11	12	8	15

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	60	7	8	10	11	0	3	70	22	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	26	12	4	2	4	1	82	6	2520
2024	First Nation	58	12	11	12	7	0	0	70	19	15
2024	Métis	44	6	10	13	20	0	7	54	36	15
2022	Indigenous	67	23	6	4	0	0	0	90	4	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	27	12	3	2	3	1	82	5	2585
2022	First Nation	83	8	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	10
2022	Métis	64	24	5	7	0	0	0	88	7	15
2020	Indigenous	64	23	7	0	6	0	0	87	6	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	28	13	3	3	3	1	80	6	2525
2020	First Nation	44	46	0	0	10	0	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	72	13	10	0	4	0	0	85	4	20

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	54	20	2	11	11	0	3	75	22	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	45	26	9	10	8	2	1	73	18	2520
2024	First Nation	51	25	5	12	7	0	0	76	19	15
2024	Métis	43	23	0	7	20	0	7	71	29	15
2022	Indigenous	61	21	7	9	3	0	0	82	11	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	27	10	10	8	2	1	71	18	2585
2022	First Nation	72	28	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Métis	61	14	13	7	5	0	0	74	12	15
2020	Indigenous	62	11	11	7	8	0	0	74	15	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	28	13	12	7	2	1	67	19	2525
2020	First Nation	44	26	10	10	10	0	0	69	20	10
2020	Métis	69	5	13	5	8	0	0	74	13	20

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	24	18	13	8	0	61	21	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	40	15	10	5	1	70	15	2520
2024	First Nation	48	23	5	24	0	0	71	24	15
2024	Métis	37	29	7	7	20	0	66	27	15
2022	Indigenous	43	44	0	13	0	0	87	13	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	40	14	9	5	2	72	14	2580
2022	First Nation	50	27	0	24	0	0	76	24	10
2022	Métis	48	45	0	7	0	0	93	7	15
2020	Indigenous	63	25	3	2	7	0	88	9	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	36	14	6	3	2	76	10	2535
2020	First Nation	73	17	0	0	10	0	90	10	10
2020	Métis	59	28	4	4	5	0	87	9	20
2019	Indigenous	35	30	18	11	6	0	65	17	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	37	19	12	5	2	63	18	2405
2019	First Nation	39	17	23	8	13	0	56	21	10
2019	Métis	36	36	11	13	4	0	72	17	25

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	33	38	19	10	0	0	0	71	10	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	51	14	11	3	2	0	71	14	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	55	15	10	3	2	0	72	13	610
2020	Indigenous	10	78	0	0	12	0	0	88	12	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	54	11	9	2	2	0	77	11	560
2019	Indigenous	15	70	8	0	7	0	0	85	7	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	41	21	17	4	3	3	55	22	510

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	37	5	5	3	0	0	50	50	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	26	14	7	7	0	2	44	56	2515
2024	First Nation	69	20	6	6	0	0	0	69	31	15
2024	Métis	47	47	0	6	0	0	0	47	53	15
2022	Indigenous	41	12	16	11	18	0	3			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	26	15	7	6	0	1			2570
2022	First Nation	56	16	0	20	8	0	0			10
2022	Métis	26	11	32	7	18	0	6			15
2020	Indigenous	52	25	8	3	11	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	26	12	4	2	1	1			2525
2020	First Nation	54	27	0	0	19	0	0			10
2020	Métis	51	23	13	5	8	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	47	24	16	4	6	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	14	5	4	0	1			2405
2019	First Nation	52	26	22	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	42	26	16	6	9	0	0			25

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	15	45	24	10	7	0	0	15	85	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	29	25	15	13	0	1	17	83	2515
2024	First Nation	31	6	36	12	15	0	0	31	69	15
2024	Métis	5	75	13	7	0	0	0	5	95	15
2022	Indigenous	22	27	35	12	3	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	30	26	15	12	0	1			2570
2022	First Nation	28	36	20	8	8	0	0			10
2022	Métis	23	21	38	19	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	34	23	21	11	12	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	29	25	15	9	0	0			2535
2020	First Nation	47	34	0	9	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	30	19	29	14	9	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	24	26	26	15	6	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	30	27	13	8	0	0			2405
2019	First Nation	45	17	16	21	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	18	33	25	11	10	4	0			25

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	34	18	6	4	0	0	38	62	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	33	20	10	6	0	2	30	70	2510
2024	First Nation	47	18	18	7	10	0	0	47	53	15
2024	Métis	20	61	13	7	0	0	0	20	80	15
2022	Indigenous	33	32	16	14	4	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	34	21	10	5	0	2			2570
2022	First Nation	29	45	0	27	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	45	24	15	9	7	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	45	22	21	6	6	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	20	9	4	0	1			2525
2020	First Nation	54	27	0	9	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	44	18	33	5	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	24	36	26	7	4	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	21	9	4	0	1			2400
2019	First Nation	37	25	30	9	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	22	42	17	8	7	4	0			25

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	35	15	13	14	0	0	23	77	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	23	22	17	15	1	2	21	79	2520
2024	First Nation	5	44	19	6	26	0	0	5	95	15
2024	Métis	21	35	10	28	6	0	0	21	79	15
2022	Indigenous	17	36	24	15	8	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	23	24	17	17	1	2			2570
2022	First Nation	12	60	15	8	6	0	0			10
2022	Métis	26	15	25	23	12	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	43	9	33	9	6	0	0			30
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	26	21	16	10	0	1			2525
2020	First Nation	62	10	17	0	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	36	9	41	14	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	29	14	31	17	7	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	26	23	15	12	0	0			2405
2019	First Nation	37	18	29	17	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	30	13	27	14	11	4	0			25

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	67	10	18	0	2	0	2	69	31	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	27	12	7	4	0	4	46	54	2520
2024	First Nation	59	13	18	0	5	0	6	63	37	15
2024	Métis	74	12	13	0	0	0	0	74	26	15
2022	Indigenous	59	30	3	0	3	0	5			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	29	15	6	5	0	4			2580
2022	First Nation	55	31	0	0	0	0	14			10
2022	Métis	59	30	6	0	5	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	45	28	15	3	3	0	6			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	29	15	8	5	0	2			2520
2020	First Nation	54	19	9	0	0	0	19			10
2020	Métis	40	35	20	5	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	47	27	13	2	7	3	2			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	28	13	6	4	0	3			2395
2019	First Nation	75	17	8	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	34	35	10	3	11	4	3			25

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	36	9	2	13	0	0	39	61	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	29	19	10	9	0	1	33	67	2520
2024	First Nation	20	47	16	0	16	0	0	20	80	15
2024	Métis	46	42	0	6	7	0	0	46	54	15
2022	Indigenous	49	16	22	6	8	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	31	18	9	7	0	1			2580
2022	First Nation	56	15	21	8	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	49	15	16	5	15	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	28	31	20	10	12	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	31	20	11	8	0	0			2530
2020	First Nation	37	34	19	0	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	25	32	21	13	10	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	41	17	24	9	7	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	32	18	8	6	0	1			2400
2019	First Nation	62	0	25	13	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	36	21	20	8	11	4	0			25

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	30	13	8	5	0	0	45	55	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	31	19	8	6	1	1	34	66	2520
2024	First Nation	42	30	17	0	11	0	0	42	58	15
2024	Métis	29	45	14	12	0	0	0	29	71	15
2022	Indigenous	48	29	3	9	11	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	32	19	9	6	1	1			2575
2022	First Nation	55	20	0	17	9	0	0			10
2022	Métis	47	27	5	5	15	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	52	29	9	6	3	0	0			30
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	35	18	8	3	1	2			2530
2020	First Nation	52	27	10	10	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	53	29	9	5	5	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	46	21	19	8	5	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	34	22	8	4	1	1			2405
2019	First Nation	62	16	22	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	42	19	17	13	8	0	0			25

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	37	17	7	7	0	0	32	68	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	32	21	11	9	0	1	26	74	2520
2024	First Nation	42	23	13	11	11	0	0	42	58	15
2024	Métis	35	39	14	6	6	0	0	35	65	15
2022	Indigenous	36	31	8	9	17	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	32	22	12	8	1	1			2580
2022	First Nation	38	29	8	0	26	0	0			10
2022	Métis	36	33	10	7	14	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	36	33	14	15	3	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	37	21	10	4	1	1			2525
2020	First Nation	44	38	0	19	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	31	29	22	13	5	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	35	18	21	18	5	3	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	33	24	12	6	1	1			2405
2019	First Nation	37	25	38	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	36	14	8	29	8	4	0			25

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	33	26	5	7	0	0	30	70	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	31	18	9	7	0	1	34	66	2520
2024	First Nation	32	28	25	11	5	0	0	32	68	15
2024	Métis	36	45	7	0	12	0	0	36	64	15
2022	Indigenous	40	27	18	8	8	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	31	19	9	5	1	1			2575
2022	First Nation	40	7	37	8	9	0	0			10
2022	Métis	37	37	7	10	8	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	49	26	15	9	0	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	34	18	8	3	0	1			2530
2020	First Nation	53	26	10	10	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	47	25	19	10	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	37	30	13	11	9	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	32	20	10	5	0	1			2400
2019	First Nation	37	42	22	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	38	22	11	14	14	0	0			25

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	57	20	13	8	2	0	0	57	43	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	25	15	8	7	0	1	44	56	2515
2024	First Nation	59	13	11	12	5	0	0	59	41	15
2024	Métis	44	37	13	7	0	0	0	44	56	15
2022	Indigenous	60	15	19	0	7	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	28	14	8	7	1	1			2575
2022	First Nation	56	0	36	0	8	0	0			10
2022	Métis	64	19	10	0	7	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	61	17	8	9	6	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	29	13	7	5	0	1			2520
2020	First Nation	71	10	9	10	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	60	18	4	9	10	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	49	14	14	12	11	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	29	15	8	6	1	1			2400
2019	First Nation	53	9	25	0	13	0	0			10
2019	Métis	47	18	4	19	12	0	0			25

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	23	6	5	2	0	64	36	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	24	13	6	4	1	53	47	2520
2024	First Nation	49	28	7	11	5	0	49	51	15
2024	Métis	72	20	8	0	0	0	72	28	15
2022	Indigenous	64	23	9	0	4	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	29	14	6	4	1			2570
2022	First Nation	64	29	7	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	56	24	13	0	7	0			15
2020	Indigenous	45	37	6	8	3	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	33	22	11	4	0			2530
2020	First Nation	66	25	9	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	38	38	5	13	5	0			20

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	42	43	11	2	2	0	0	42	58	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	33	19	7	4	0	1	36	64	2510
2024	First Nation	49	23	19	5	5	0	0	49	51	15
2024	Métis	48	45	7	0	0	0	0	48	52	15
2022	Indigenous	44	33	17	7	0	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	35	18	8	4	1	1			2580
2022	First Nation	39	38	15	8	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	40	37	16	7	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	28	38	21	9	3	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	18	9	4	1	1			2530
2020	First Nation	64	9	17	0	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	8	52	25	14	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	48	22	13	11	6	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	34	17	7	3	0	1			2395
2019	First Nation	53	26	21	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	48	20	8	13	10	0	0			25

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	47	33	5	3	3	0	10	52	48	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	23	11	5	5	0	2	54	46	2510
2024	First Nation	60	28	6	6	0	0	0	60	40	15
2024	Métis	41	46	7	0	7	0	0	41	59	15
2022	Indigenous	70	13	11	6	0	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	22	8	2	2	1	3			2575
2022	First Nation	76	18	0	6	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	57	13	23	6	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	75	12	3	3	7	0	0			30
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	30	13	4	1	0	1			2520
2020	First Nation	71	0	0	9	20	0	0			10
2020	Métis	77	19	5	0	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	57	26	9	8	0	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	22	9	2	1	0	1			2395
2019	First Nation	78	9	0	13	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	47	37	10	6	0	0	0			25

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	49	7	2	3	0	39	61	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	32	16	6	5	1	41	59	2520
2024	First Nation	56	22	17	5	0	0	56	44	15
2024	Métis	30	63	0	0	7	0	30	70	15
2022	Indigenous	41	41	13	5	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	16	5	3	1			2575
2022	First Nation	55	36	9	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	34	48	8	9	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	37	41	8	3	12	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	37	20	8	4	0			2515
2020	First Nation	53	28	0	9	10	0			10
2020	Métis	32	47	8	0	13	0			20

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	81	9	2	0	0	0	8	88	12	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	78	8	3	1	1	1	9	86	14	2520
2024	First Nation	76	13	6	0	0	0	6	80	20	15
2024	Métis	85	0	0	0	0	0	15	100	0	15

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	78	11	5	3	3	0	0	78	22	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	72	11	4	2	2	1	8	79	21	2520
2024	First Nation	70	11	12	7	0	0	0	70	30	15
2024	Métis	85	8	0	0	7	0	0	85	15	15

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	82	5	0	3	10	0	0	82	18	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	2	2	1	5	82	18	2515
2024	First Nation	77	13	0	0	11	0	0	77	23	15
2024	Métis	80	0	0	7	13	0	0	80	20	15
2022	Indigenous	81	6	3	0	0	3	7			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	2	3	1	4			2575
2022	First Nation	72	0	9	0	0	8	11			10
2022	Métis	83	12	0	0	0	0	5			15
2020	Indigenous	88	9	0	3	0	0	0			30
2020	Non-Indigenous	83	7	3	2	2	1	3			2515
2020	First Nation	91	9	0	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	85	9	0	5	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	70	13	5	2	4	6	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	9	5	2	2	1	2			2400
2019	First Nation	70	16	0	0	13	0	0			10
2019	Métis	73	14	4	3	0	6	0			25

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	76	10	8	0	5	0	76	24	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	64	23	6	2	2	2	65	35	2520
2024	First Nation	70	24	6	0	0	0	70	30	15
2024	Métis	80	0	7	0	13	0	80	20	15
2022	Indigenous	66	26	3	0	0	4			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	22	7	2	2	2			2580
2022	First Nation	57	24	8	0	0	11			10
2022	Métis	66	34	0	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	82	11	6	0	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	19	6	2	1	1			2505
2020	First Nation	83	17	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	81	10	10	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	66	22	10	2	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	27	9	2	2	1			2400
2019	First Nation	75	16	9	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	64	25	8	3	0	0			25

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	68	19	6	5	3	0	0	68	32	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	68	16	7	3	3	0	2	70	30	2515
2024	First Nation	69	18	7	0	6	0	0	69	31	15
2024	Métis	59	21	7	13	0	0	0	59	41	15
2022	Indigenous	72	17	3	3	0	0	4			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	18	7	4	4	0	2			2575
2022	First Nation	63	9	8	9	0	0	11			10
2022	Métis	79	21	0	0	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	74	18	3	6	0	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	16	6	3	3	0	1			2520
2020	First Nation	73	27	0	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	76	14	4	5	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	58	20	12	0	10	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	19	9	4	3	1	1			2390
2019	First Nation	69	9	9	0	13	0	0			10
2019	Métis	55	25	10	0	10	0	0			25

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	72	0	0	2	0	0	25	97	3	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	64	12	4	1	1	0	19	79	21	2505
2024	First Nation	83	0	0	6	0	0	11	94	6	15
2024	Métis	80	0	0	0	0	0	20	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	75	6	3	3	0	0	14			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	11	4	1	1	0	19			2575
2022	First Nation	68	0	8	7	0	0	17			10
2022	Métis	74	12	0	0	0	0	15			15
2020	Indigenous	75	14	0	2	3	0	5			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	64	11	4	1	0	0	20			2525
2020	First Nation	73	17	0	0	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	81	10	0	4	0	0	4			20
2019	Indigenous	57	14	5	2	2	0	20			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	12	5	1	1	1	20			2390
2019	First Nation	70	8	9	0	0	0	13			10
2019	Métis	59	15	0	0	3	0	23			25

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	95	5	0	0	0	0	0	95	5	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	74	15	4	1	1	0	5	78	22	2510
2024	First Nation	87	13	0	0	0	0	0	87	13	15
2024	Métis	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Indigenous	74	16	2	3	0	0	4			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	15	4	1	1	1	6			2575
2022	First Nation	67	22	0	0	0	0	11			10
2022	Métis	85	5	5	5	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	82	9	6	0	3	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	15	4	1	0	0	4			2530
2020	First Nation	71	19	10	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	90	0	4	0	5	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	73	18	9	0	0	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	17	5	1	1	1	4			2385
2019	First Nation	91	9	0	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	69	21	10	0	0	0	0			25

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	67	20	3	0	5	5	0	71	29	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	20	9	4	5	1	3	61	39	2520
2024	First Nation	64	20	0	0	11	5	0	67	33	15
2024	Métis	63	30	0	0	0	7	0	68	32	15
2022	Indigenous	61	25	6	0	7	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	17	7	3	4	1	3			2580
2022	First Nation	60	32	0	0	8	0	0			10
2022	Métis	63	15	13	0	9	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	62	15	20	0	3	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	22	8	4	3	1	1			2530
2020	First Nation	62	18	10	0	10	0	0			10
2020	Métis	59	15	26	0	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	65	19	14	0	3	0	0			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	19	8	3	3	1	2			2395
2019	First Nation	69	22	9	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	62	20	13	0	4	0	0			25

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	67	15	11	2	2	0	2	68	32	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	25	10	3	2	0	4	58	42	2520
2024	First Nation	58	19	7	6	6	0	5	61	39	15
2024	Métis	70	18	13	0	0	0	0	70	30	15
2022	Indigenous	56	23	22	0	0	0	0			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	25	11	3	2	1	3			2580
2022	First Nation	64	27	9	0	0	0	0			10
2022	Métis	50	25	26	0	0	0	0			15
2020	Indigenous	32	46	16	6	0	0	0			35
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	29	13	4	1	0	1			2535
2020	First Nation	39	53	8	0	0	0	0			10
2020	Métis	26	43	22	9	0	0	0			20
2019	Indigenous	46	36	14	2	0	0	2			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	23	10	2	1	0	2			2400
2019	First Nation	62	25	13	0	0	0	0			10
2019	Métis	38	46	12	0	0	0	4			25

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	32	20	10	13	57	23	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	31	39	15	5	41	20	2520
2024	First Nation	23	31	18	16	11	54	27	15
2024	Métis	38	16	26	7	13	53	20	15
2022	Indigenous	12	50	24	9	4	63	13	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	33	39	13	4	43	18	2585
2022	First Nation	12	58	31	0	0	69	0	10
2022	Métis	16	44	25	7	8	60	15	15
2020	Indigenous	9	28	49	11	3	37	15	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	37	34	12	3	51	15	2530
2020	First Nation	18	44	19	9	10	62	19	10
2020	Métis	5	22	60	13	0	26	13	20
2019	Indigenous	21	27	42	10	0	48	10	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	35	32	11	3	54	14	2410
2019	First Nation	37	17	33	13	0	54	13	10
2019	Métis	16	32	42	10	0	48	10	25

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	16	15	28	28	13	41	31	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	17	41	22	11	33	25	2515
2024	First Nation	11	30	23	24	13	37	41	15
2024	Métis	20	7	15	40	18	58	27	15
2022	Indigenous	8	13	38	30	12	42	21	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	17	43	23	10	34	23	2580
2022	First Nation	0	9	57	14	21	34	9	10
2022	Métis	15	9	20	48	8	56	24	15
2020	Indigenous	12	14	27	29	18	47	26	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	17	39	25	10	36	25	2525
2020	First Nation	10	19	0	34	37	71	29	10
2020	Métis	13	9	39	29	9	38	22	20
2019	Indigenous	13	11	39	15	23	38	23	40
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	15	40	27	13	40	21	2395
2019	First Nation	13	8	25	9	45	54	21	10
2019	Métis	14	10	41	19	16	35	24	25

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	92	35
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	78	2525
2024	First Nation	0	87	15
2024	Métis	0	93	15
2022	Indigenous	7	77	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	78	2585
2022	First Nation	0	81	10
2022	Métis	13	80	15
2020	Indigenous	10	76	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	72	2535
2020	First Nation	17	83	10
2020	Métis	8	71	20

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	73	27	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	41	70

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	69	11	2	0	3	2	13	81	19	30
2024	Non-Indigenous	54	7	2	2	1	7	27	82	18	2525
2024	First Nation	65	13	5	0	0	5	12	79	21	15
2024	Métis	67	15	0	0	7	0	11	75	25	10
2022	Indigenous	56	4	3	3	7	10	18			30
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	8	2	1	1	6	26			2580
2022	First Nation	67	0	0	0	0	11	21			10
2022	Métis	55	7	5	5	14	0	15			15
2020	Indigenous	69	6	9	3	3	2	8			30
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	8	4	1	1	4	19			2535
2020	First Nation	82	0	10	0	0	0	8			10
2020	Métis	63	10	10	0	4	4	9			20
2019	Indigenous	47	20	17	7	4	2	2			40
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	12	5	3	2	2	12			2400
2019	First Nation	53	9	21	9	0	9	0			10
2019	Métis	40	28	18	4	6	0	4			25

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	36	17	12	7	5	1	61	21	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	27	23	16	6	2	10	49	25	70

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	41	10	9	10	9	7	66	22	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	23	20	17	16	3	9	39	38	70

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for National Research Council Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored