2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Table of contents

Top of page

Employee engagement

Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 41 0 7 13 0 0 80 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 36 15 8 6 0 0 71 14 1165
2024 Métis 39 41 0 0 20 0 0 80 20 10
2022 Indigenous 17 73 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 39 11 5 3 0 0 81 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 33 0 16 8 0 0 76 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 37 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 965
2019 Indigenous 58 26 7 5 5 0 0 84 9 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 36 12 5 4 0 0 79 9 790

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 31 7 20 13 0 0 60 33 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 34 13 12 10 0 0 64 23 1160
2024 Métis 37 22 11 10 20 0 0 60 30 10
2022 Indigenous 52 0 8 17 22 0 0 52 39 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 36 13 8 6 0 0 73 14 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 0 7 12 39 0 0 43 51 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 34 14 11 6 0 0 69 17 965
2019 Indigenous 39 26 9 9 16 0 0 65 25 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 32 13 12 8 0 0 66 20 795

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 35 6 7 7 0 0 80 14 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 30 11 4 2 0 0 83 7 1165
2024 Métis 50 30 10 0 11 0 0 80 11 10
2022 Indigenous 38 53 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 55 31 10 2 1 0 0 87 3 1160
2020 Indigenous 61 15 8 8 8 0 0 76 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 57 29 9 3 1 0 0 87 5 960
2019 Indigenous 66 17 7 5 5 0 0 84 9 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 30 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 790

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 37 13 7 13 0 0 67 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 37 12 6 4 0 0 78 10 1165
2024 Métis 25 45 10 0 20 0 0 70 20 10
2022 Indigenous 23 67 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 38 9 4 2 0 0 85 6 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 12 6 23 16 0 0 56 39 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 33 9 4 3 0 0 84 7 965
2019 Indigenous 59 23 8 5 5 0 0 82 10 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 33 11 5 2 0 0 82 8 795

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 21 13 7 18 0 0 62 25 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 31 16 10 10 1 0 63 21 1165
2024 Métis 32 19 10 11 28 0 0 51 39 10
2022 Indigenous 24 16 19 12 28 0 0 41 41 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 32 12 7 5 1 0 76 12 1160
2020 Indigenous 34 22 6 8 31 0 0 56 39 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 30 15 9 5 1 0 71 14 960
2019 Indigenous 66 9 7 9 9 0 0 75 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 33 15 8 7 1 0 70 14 790

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 35 12 13 6 0 0 68 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 33 16 11 10 0 0 62 22 1165
2024 Métis 20 42 8 21 10 0 0 61 30 10
2022 Indigenous 24 37 19 10 10 0 0 62 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 36 11 8 4 0 0 78 12 1160
2020 Indigenous 34 22 0 6 39 0 0 56 44 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 31 15 9 4 1 0 72 13 960
2019 Indigenous 55 16 11 14 5 0 0 71 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 35 15 10 6 0 0 69 16 785

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 23 0 0 19 12 0 78 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 27 16 11 11 5 1 60 24 1165
2024 Métis 39 23 0 0 30 8 0 67 33 10
2022 Indigenous 33 9 8 10 30 10 0 47 44 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 26 18 10 7 4 1 64 17 1160
2020 Indigenous 34 0 7 17 42 0 0 34 60 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 24 19 9 7 4 0 64 17 960
2019 Indigenous 44 0 29 5 23 0 0 44 27 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 23 20 10 9 4 1 60 20 795
Top of page

Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 35 12 7 0 0 0 81 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 26 16 5 4 1 10 71 10 1165
2024 Métis 59 31 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 27 12 3 4 2 10 78 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 27 23 14 13 16 0 8 53 31 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 25 14 4 4 1 7 75 10 970
2019 Indigenous 37 39 19 5 0 0 0 77 5 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 25 18 5 4 2 8 70 10 795

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 60 18 0 7 7 8 0 86 14 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 51 31 8 5 4 1 1 84 8 1165
2024 Métis 72 18 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Indigenous 55 26 8 0 10 0 0 82 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 31 7 5 4 1 1 85 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 29 6 6 16 0 0 72 22 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 31 9 6 3 0 0 82 9 970
2019 Indigenous 36 30 12 10 7 4 0 69 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 32 10 7 4 1 1 79 11 785

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 74 7 6 7 7 0 0 80 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 55 27 8 4 5 0 0 82 9 1165
2024 Métis 80 10 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2022 Indigenous 64 0 8 17 10 0 0 64 27 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 27 8 4 4 0 0 84 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 37 12 14 22 16 0 0 49 38 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 28 9 6 4 1 0 81 10 970
2019 Indigenous 44 29 16 0 7 4 0 76 7 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 29 9 5 5 0 0 81 10 795

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 39 5 20 6 0 0 68 26 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 28 18 8 9 10 0 61 19 1165
2024 Métis 32 29 8 21 10 0 0 61 30 10
2022 Indigenous 43 9 10 20 0 18 0 63 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 29 12 5 4 11 1 76 10 1160
2020 Indigenous 20 38 14 28 0 0 0 58 28 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 30 15 6 4 9 0 72 12 965
2019 Indigenous 28 31 23 9 5 4 0 62 15 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 28 31 18 8 7 8 1 65 16 795

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 5 33 20 20 13 8 0 42 36 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 25 17 15 16 5 0 50 33 1165
2024 Métis 8 43 18 10 20 0 0 51 30 10
2022 Indigenous 43 10 10 19 10 8 0 58 31 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 32 17 9 7 4 0 66 16 1160
2020 Indigenous 26 23 8 20 23 0 0 49 43 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 31 33 16 13 5 2 0 66 18 965
2019 Indigenous 36 20 26 9 9 0 0 56 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 32 17 14 7 4 0 61 21 790

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 5 33 14 20 20 8 0 42 43 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 23 19 15 19 6 0 42 37 1165
2024 Métis 8 43 8 10 30 0 0 51 40 10
2022 Indigenous 12 23 10 26 10 18 0 44 44 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 29 19 12 8 6 0 58 21 1160
2020 Indigenous 20 22 8 27 23 0 0 43 49 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 33 18 14 7 5 0 58 22 970
2019 Indigenous 21 26 27 15 10 0 0 48 25 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 29 20 16 7 7 0 53 25 790

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 5 48 5 20 13 8 0 58 36 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 25 16 18 20 4 0 44 39 1165
2024 Métis 8 53 8 10 20 0 0 61 30 10
2022 Indigenous 12 31 10 0 28 17 0 53 35 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 32 17 14 7 3 0 60 23 1160
2020 Indigenous 22 30 9 6 33 0 0 52 39 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 33 17 17 8 3 0 57 25 970
2019 Indigenous 26 22 20 15 18 0 0 48 32 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 29 19 19 11 3 0 49 31 790
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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 33 8 27 13 0 0 52 40 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 33 16 12 12 0 0 60 24 1165
2024 Métis 8 51 0 20 20 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 19 23 19 20 20 0 0 42 39 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 35 15 9 8 0 0 68 17 1160
2020 Indigenous 20 35 0 29 16 0 0 55 45 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 36 15 11 8 0 0 66 19 970
2019 Indigenous 36 27 7 20 9 0 0 63 30 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 37 13 14 10 1 0 64 23 790

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 38 7 7 0 0 0 87 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 40 8 7 4 0 0 81 11 1165
2024 Métis 42 48 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 44 19 18 10 9 0 0 63 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 38 6 6 2 0 0 86 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 26 0 25 7 0 0 69 31 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 42 10 9 3 0 0 78 12 965
2019 Indigenous 42 21 0 25 13 0 0 63 37 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 38 10 9 4 0 0 77 13 790

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 21 15 7 13 0 0 65 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 30 11 8 5 1 1 76 13 1165
2024 Métis 48 32 10 0 10 0 0 80 10 10
2022 Indigenous 56 0 17 20 7 0 0 56 27 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 33 8 7 5 0 1 80 12 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 13 6 22 16 0 0 56 38 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 30 12 8 5 1 1 75 13 965
2019 Indigenous 39 32 17 5 7 0 0 70 12 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 31 12 9 7 1 1 72 16 790

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 36 37 0 7 20 0 0 73 27 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 38 12 11 5 0 1 73 15 1160
2024 Métis 43 36 0 0 21 0 0 79 21 10
2022 Indigenous 35 55 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 41 9 8 4 0 0 80 11 1155
2020 Indigenous 26 44 16 8 6 0 0 70 14 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 42 10 9 3 0 0 77 13 965
2019 Indigenous 52 16 5 12 16 0 0 68 27 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 37 10 14 5 0 1 71 19 785

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 13 21 7 0 0 7 70 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 25 13 5 5 1 2 77 10 1165
2024 Métis 60 21 10 0 0 0 10 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 38 14 8 32 7 0 0 52 39 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 25 12 4 4 3 2 79 8 1155
2020 Indigenous 35 0 35 7 16 0 8 38 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 26 13 5 4 3 2 77 10 970

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 33 12 0 33 8 0 51 36 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 27 19 15 16 4 1 48 33 1165
2024 Métis 21 30 8 0 41 0 0 51 41 10
2022 Indigenous 18 32 33 10 7 0 0 50 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 32 16 12 8 5 1 61 22 1160
2020 Indigenous 28 12 28 23 8 0 0 40 31 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 31 20 12 10 4 1 56 23 965
2019 Indigenous 35 17 23 16 5 4 0 54 21 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 30 20 14 11 4 1 53 26 795

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 75 7 13 0 0 0 5 79 21 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 20 16 9 9 1 6 40 60 1165
2024 Métis 61 10 21 0 0 0 8 66 34 10
2022 Indigenous 61 20 9 10 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 23 15 6 4 2 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 36 13 22 12 8 0 9 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 23 13 6 3 2 5 970
2019 Indigenous 75 16 5 4 0 0 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 21 14 3 3 1 5 790

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 71 0 0 0 6 5 18 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 12 8 5 8 3 16 60 40 1165
2024 Métis 63 0 0 0 10 0 27 87 13 10

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 0 7 13 0 0 11 78 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 64 9 6 2 4 6 9 75 25 1165
2024 Métis 53 0 11 20 0 0 17 63 37 10
2022 Indigenous 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 69 9 5 2 2 6 9 1155
2020 Indigenous 49 7 22 8 0 6 9 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 71 9 5 3 2 5 5 965
2019 Indigenous 67 15 5 4 5 0 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 72 8 5 3 3 5 4 785

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 55 0 22 0 7 0 17 66 34 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 6 5 2 4 3 16 80 20 1165
2024 Métis 53 0 10 0 11 0 26 72 28 10

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 13 15 0 7 0 17 58 42 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 12 8 4 7 4 12 63 37 1165
2024 Métis 43 10 11 0 11 0 26 58 42 10

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 12 12 0 38 17 8 34 51 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 26 13 20 20 3 3 44 43 1165
2024 Métis 21 8 11 0 49 0 12 33 55 10
2022 Indigenous 16 9 21 39 15 0 0 25 54 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 31 14 14 12 3 3 58 28 1160
2022 Métis 18 0 23 43 16 0 0 18 59 10
2020 Indigenous 20 13 18 0 49 0 0 32 49 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 19 28 16 15 13 5 3 52 31 970
2019 Indigenous 26 4 34 20 5 4 7 34 28 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 25 17 14 17 3 3 48 33 795

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 30 14 13 13 0 0 60 26 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 36 13 12 12 0 0 62 24 1165
2024 Métis 47 33 0 10 10 0 0 80 20 10
2022 Indigenous 48 14 18 20 0 0 0 62 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 37 13 11 7 0 0 69 18 1155
2020 Indigenous 45 0 0 21 34 0 0 45 55 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 34 14 11 7 1 0 67 18 960
2019 Indigenous 46 24 9 9 12 0 0 70 21 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 31 37 16 9 6 0 1 68 16 790

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 39 13 7 6 0 0 74 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 30 19 10 9 1 1 62 19 1165
2024 Métis 41 39 11 0 10 0 0 80 10 10
2022 Indigenous 58 23 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 33 18 9 5 0 1 68 14 1160
2020 Indigenous 49 12 14 8 17 0 0 62 25 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 35 16 9 5 0 0 69 15 970
2019 Indigenous 48 36 5 0 12 0 0 84 12 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 32 18 9 6 0 1 66 15 795

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 26 33 14 15 13 0 0 59 27 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 37 13 10 8 0 0 69 18 1165
2024 Métis 27 30 11 23 10 0 0 57 32 10
2022 Indigenous 64 17 8 10 0 0 0 82 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 37 12 8 5 0 0 76 13 1155
2020 Indigenous 40 15 9 22 15 0 0 55 36 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 39 13 8 4 0 0 74 13 960
2019 Indigenous 45 23 5 20 7 0 0 68 27 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 39 12 13 5 0 0 70 18 790

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 33 22 0 12 14 7 58 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 32 22 13 8 5 1 54 23 1165
2024 Métis 21 43 11 0 18 8 0 69 20 10
2022 Indigenous 23 40 17 20 0 0 0 63 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 39 17 9 4 5 0 68 14 1160
2020 Indigenous 41 26 0 25 8 0 0 67 33 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 22 42 18 9 3 5 0 68 13 965
2019 Indigenous 43 32 12 5 5 4 0 78 10 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 42 20 9 5 4 0 64 15 790

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 22 7 0 20 0 0 74 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 29 13 12 16 0 0 59 28 1165
2024 Métis 49 21 0 0 30 0 0 70 30 10
2022 Indigenous 42 10 10 17 21 0 0 52 38 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 29 11 8 8 0 0 74 16 1160
2020 Indigenous 22 25 6 16 31 0 0 47 47 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 30 11 12 7 1 1 70 19 965
2019 Indigenous 71 18 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 30 12 10 5 0 0 72 16 795

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 30 28 8 7 0 0 57 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 28 15 7 9 0 0 68 16 1165
2024 Métis 19 38 31 12 0 0 0 57 12 10
2022 Indigenous 52 0 22 26 0 0 0 52 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 29 14 10 8 0 0 68 17 1160
2020 Indigenous 28 22 24 14 12 0 0 51 25 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 29 18 10 10 0 0 62 20 960
2019 Indigenous 21 39 25 12 4 0 0 60 16 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 28 17 11 8 0 0 63 20 790

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 28 6 7 0 5 0 86 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 57 24 7 4 4 2 2 85 8 1165
2024 Métis 70 21 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2022 Indigenous 82 10 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 24 6 3 3 3 3 87 6 1160

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 39 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 26 30 1165
2024 Métis 42 27 30 10
2022 Indigenous 50 24 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 30 31 1155
2020 Indigenous 80 8 12 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 22 37 41 970
2019 Indigenous 16 33 52 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 27 34 39 795

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 33 34 7 10 8 505
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 40 30 6 6 8 445
2020 Indigenous 10 7 63 0 0 20 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 27 50 2 5 7 215
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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 38 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 51 35 7 5 2 0 0 86 7 1165
2024 Métis 49 41 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 61 29 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 33 6 2 1 0 0 91 4 1160
2020 Indigenous 48 14 0 31 8 0 0 61 39 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 55 33 7 3 1 0 0 88 5 965
2019 Indigenous 58 9 18 10 5 0 0 67 15 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 30 7 5 2 0 0 86 6 790

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 18 25 7 13 0 0 55 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 37 17 12 7 2 0 63 19 1165
2024 Métis 32 19 29 10 10 0 0 51 20 10
2022 Indigenous 12 50 19 19 0 0 0 63 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 42 13 5 2 1 0 79 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 30 14 24 23 0 9 0 48 25 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 31 44 15 6 3 2 0 76 9 965
2019 Indigenous 43 36 12 4 5 0 0 79 9 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 44 17 10 3 1 0 70 13 795

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 15 24 16 13 7 5 33 39 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 22 32 19 12 0 4 32 34 1165
2024 Métis 20 0 37 12 12 11 8 30 24 10
2022 Indigenous 10 16 33 33 9 0 0 42 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 21 31 20 14 1 4 36 31 1155
2020 Indigenous 17 17 46 14 7 0 0 20 34 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 12 25 32 21 9 0 1 31 37 965
2019 Indigenous 20 28 20 26 7 0 0 33 47 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 12 25 31 19 11 1 2 31 38 795

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 8 20 19 0 12 14 26 47 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 18 24 22 13 1 8 39 35 1165
2024 Métis 20 0 31 29 0 11 8 36 25 10
2022 Indigenous 10 29 22 30 9 0 0 39 39 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 16 26 19 19 3 9 43 28 1155
2020 Indigenous 20 8 22 16 25 0 9 45 30 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 15 30 24 15 4 4 42 26 965
2019 Indigenous 12 9 28 34 7 4 7 46 23 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 11 16 28 23 15 3 4 41 29 790

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 7 20 40 13 7 0 57 21 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 14 28 26 17 0 5 45 26 1160
2024 Métis 10 0 19 48 12 11 0 68 11 10
2022 Indigenous 10 10 38 19 23 0 0 42 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 14 28 26 18 1 5 47 24 1150
2020 Indigenous 12 9 31 34 14 0 0 48 20 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 16 30 27 17 1 1 44 25 960
2019 Indigenous 21 4 25 23 16 4 7 44 28 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 14 32 26 17 1 2 44 23 785

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 14 29 12 0 5 5 14 54 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 20 23 17 16 1 5 36 39 1165
2024 Métis 31 10 32 19 0 0 8 20 44 10
2022 Indigenous 41 0 51 8 0 0 0 8 41 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 17 25 19 19 2 7 42 31 1155
2020 Indigenous 26 8 23 22 20 0 0 43 34 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 12 17 26 23 17 1 3 42 31 965
2019 Indigenous 20 12 26 16 16 4 7 35 36 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 19 29 20 14 1 3 35 34 795

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 20 7 34 21 0 14 5 26 32 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 17 25 19 16 6 5 38 34 1165
2024 Métis 10 10 52 20 0 0 8 22 22 10
2022 Indigenous 29 22 14 8 26 0 0 35 51 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 19 25 16 14 5 9 35 36 1155
2020 Indigenous 20 29 7 25 20 0 0 45 49 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 8 15 24 26 18 7 3 49 25 960
2019 Indigenous 21 11 28 20 10 4 7 34 35 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 20 26 18 10 4 3 31 42 790

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 16 21 12 8 5 5 22 55 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 18 28 18 13 3 5 34 35 1165
2024 Métis 30 12 19 19 12 0 8 33 46 10
2022 Indigenous 10 26 21 29 14 0 0 43 36 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 17 29 20 17 4 7 41 27 1150
2020 Indigenous 21 25 16 24 13 0 0 38 47 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 8 18 31 20 17 3 2 39 27 960
2019 Indigenous 19 18 5 38 9 4 7 54 41 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 11 18 32 22 13 3 2 36 30 790

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 22 22 27 11 0 5 40 36 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 16 30 25 16 2 2 43 25 1160
2024 Métis 10 20 35 19 8 0 8 30 33 10
2022 Indigenous 10 7 30 30 23 0 0 53 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 10 32 27 23 1 5 53 14 1155
2020 Indigenous 6 20 33 22 19 0 0 41 26 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 5 15 34 29 15 1 1 44 21 965
2019 Indigenous 12 21 25 27 5 4 7 36 36 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 20 36 24 10 1 2 35 29 795

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 13 25 12 22 19 8 0 42 45 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 28 17 21 19 3 0 42 40 1165
2024 Métis 21 31 19 0 30 0 0 51 30 10
2022 Indigenous 14 41 28 7 10 0 0 55 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 36 17 16 6 2 0 60 22 1155
2020 Indigenous 34 6 14 24 14 8 0 44 41 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 37 17 18 6 2 0 58 25 965
2019 Indigenous 28 27 14 9 18 4 0 57 28 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 32 18 22 11 1 0 47 34 790

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 21 0 14 7 0 5 79 21 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 29 8 5 5 2 0 82 10 1165
2024 Métis 51 20 0 11 10 0 8 77 23 10
2022 Indigenous 54 17 19 10 0 0 0 71 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 26 7 3 4 2 0 85 7 1160
2020 Indigenous 35 29 6 7 24 0 0 64 30 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 28 7 7 5 2 0 82 11 965
2019 Indigenous 37 19 7 22 11 4 0 58 35 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 29 8 8 6 1 0 77 14 790

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 68 25 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 57 31 6 4 2 0 0 88 6 1165
2024 Métis 51 39 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Indigenous 52 30 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 65 27 4 2 2 0 0 91 4 1160
2020 Indigenous 56 22 8 6 8 0 0 78 14 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 62 27 6 3 2 0 0 89 5 965
2019 Indigenous 41 34 7 18 0 0 0 75 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 55 29 7 6 3 1 0 85 9 790

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 60 26 0 7 7 0 0 86 14 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 35 10 3 3 2 0 84 6 1165
2024 Métis 49 40 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Indigenous 44 30 19 7 0 0 0 74 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 33 10 3 2 1 1 85 5 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 18 14 9 8 0 8 66 18 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 34 10 4 2 2 0 83 6 965
2019 Indigenous 36 39 12 9 0 4 0 78 10 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 33 13 5 3 1 0 79 8 795

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 43 19 20 7 12 0 0 62 18 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 35 16 9 8 3 0 66 18 1165
2024 Métis 32 29 11 10 18 0 0 61 28 10
2022 Indigenous 44 27 8 10 10 0 0 71 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 36 11 6 4 2 0 79 10 1155
2020 Indigenous 49 12 6 25 8 0 0 62 33 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 38 12 8 4 3 0 75 13 960
2019 Indigenous 51 28 12 9 0 0 0 79 9 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 39 14 6 4 2 1 76 10 790

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 7 18 13 7 0 7 59 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 35 11 5 5 8 1 77 10 1165
2024 Métis 41 10 18 21 11 0 0 51 31 10
2022 Indigenous 32 43 0 17 0 8 0 81 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 38 10 2 2 6 1 84 5 1160
2020 Indigenous 37 12 8 29 8 6 0 52 39 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 34 13 6 2 4 1 78 9 960
2019 Indigenous 56 16 28 0 0 0 0 72 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 34 15 4 3 3 1 77 7 790

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 27 12 7 6 0 0 75 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 34 10 7 7 0 0 76 13 1165
2024 Métis 41 31 8 11 10 0 0 72 20 10
2022 Indigenous 54 7 19 20 0 0 0 62 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 33 7 3 2 0 0 88 5 1160
2020 Indigenous 40 27 0 8 25 0 0 67 33 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 31 8 4 2 1 0 85 7 960
2019 Indigenous 62 27 7 0 5 0 0 88 5 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 34 8 5 3 1 0 83 9 790

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 15 7 21 0 5 7 68 24 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 25 13 8 6 9 7 68 16 1165
2024 Métis 39 10 11 32 0 8 0 53 35 10
2022 Indigenous 50 10 0 17 0 23 0 78 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 28 12 5 5 9 4 74 12 1160

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 15 15 13 0 5 7 68 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 26 13 7 7 9 6 68 16 1165
2024 Métis 39 23 11 20 0 8 0 67 22 10
2022 Indigenous 50 20 0 0 7 23 0 91 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 28 12 6 5 10 5 73 13 1160

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 8 7 7 7 28 12 67 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 19 20 7 6 19 2 57 17 1165
2024 Métis 29 12 10 11 10 20 8 57 29 10
2022 Indigenous 46 29 10 7 0 8 0 81 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 27 21 5 2 14 1 68 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 35 22 22 14 7 0 0 57 20 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 28 17 6 3 7 1 71 10 970

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 43 19 7 7 7 18 0 75 17 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 31 10 7 6 9 4 74 15 1165
2024 Métis 32 29 0 11 0 28 0 85 15 10
2022 Indigenous 50 17 0 10 0 8 14 87 13 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 35 9 6 4 7 3 78 11 1155
2020 Indigenous 35 14 14 15 14 0 8 53 32 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 31 9 6 5 5 1 78 12 960

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 7 5 27 0 14 47 0 23 25 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 10 19 3 6 44 7 42 19 1165
2024 Métis 11 0 32 0 11 47 0 20 20 10
2022 Indigenous 24 0 22 17 0 36 0 38 27 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 15 19 3 3 43 6 52 10 1160

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 0 29 18 36 17 0 0 65 40
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 0 32 18 38 12 0 0 64 25

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 33 12 0 13 8 7 71 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 29 17 7 6 9 7 65 15 1165
2024 Métis 29 32 18 0 21 0 0 61 21 10
2022 Indigenous 14 32 19 10 7 9 9 56 21 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 27 16 5 4 10 10 68 12 1160
2020 Indigenous 35 26 16 9 14 0 0 61 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 29 18 8 5 8 5 65 15 965
2019 Indigenous 36 16 19 16 9 4 0 54 26 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 29 16 8 7 7 4 66 16 790

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 22 12 20 6 0 5 59 28 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 36 13 11 7 4 1 67 19 1165
2024 Métis 32 21 8 21 10 0 8 58 33 10
2022 Indigenous 34 19 19 10 10 9 0 58 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 36 11 10 5 3 1 73 16 1155
2020 Indigenous 49 12 16 9 14 0 0 61 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 36 13 8 5 3 1 73 13 965
2019 Indigenous 46 29 12 5 5 4 0 78 10 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 37 13 5 4 1 1 77 9 790

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 22 13 5 6 7 7 71 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 36 21 8 8 2 0 63 16 1165
2024 Métis 41 21 10 8 10 11 0 69 20 10
2022 Indigenous 36 17 37 10 0 0 0 53 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 38 18 4 4 3 0 73 8 1155
2020 Indigenous 43 12 22 14 9 0 0 56 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 38 16 5 4 3 0 74 9 965
2019 Indigenous 43 25 19 5 5 4 0 71 10 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 37 17 8 4 1 0 70 12 790

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 0 13 20 18 13 8 34 49 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 22 17 13 15 12 2 47 33 1165
2024 Métis 21 0 0 31 28 20 0 26 74 10
2022 Indigenous 12 16 10 10 18 19 14 42 42 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 27 15 10 10 14 3 58 23 1160
2020 Indigenous 31 6 8 14 34 0 7 40 52 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 24 17 12 11 13 3 53 27 965
2019 Indigenous 28 15 21 27 5 4 0 45 33 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 26 18 15 11 7 3 51 29 795

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 44 28 15 13 0 0 0 72 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 40 5 9 3 0 0 83 12 1165
2024 Métis 47 33 11 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2022 Indigenous 40 51 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 39 3 5 2 0 0 91 6 1155
2020 Indigenous 36 44 8 12 0 0 0 80 12 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 44 3 8 2 0 0 87 10 970

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 28 26 8 18 20 0 0 53 38 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 29 9 16 16 0 1 59 32 1165
2024 Métis 34 27 0 18 21 0 0 61 39 10
2022 Indigenous 21 53 26 0 0 0 0 74 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 32 7 6 2 0 2 85 8 1155
2020 Indigenous 56 29 0 7 8 0 0 86 14 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 36 11 9 3 0 0 77 12 970
2019 Indigenous 34 32 0 21 14 0 0 66 34 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 33 8 12 8 0 0 72 20 790

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 44 22 20 7 7 0 0 66 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 34 10 11 6 0 1 73 17 1165
2024 Métis 48 11 31 0 11 0 0 58 11 10
2022 Indigenous 54 29 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 34 8 6 2 0 0 83 9 1160
2020 Indigenous 48 9 8 27 8 0 0 57 35 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 36 10 9 2 0 1 79 11 960
2019 Indigenous 63 19 0 10 8 0 0 82 18 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 35 11 7 2 1 0 79 10 785

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 74 13 0 7 6 0 0 87 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 70 17 3 5 2 0 2 89 8 1165
2024 Métis 70 21 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 74 13 0 7 6 0 0 87 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 19 6 6 3 0 2 85 9 1165
2024 Métis 70 21 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 81 0 6 7 7 0 0 81 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 81 11 3 1 2 0 2 95 3 1165
2024 Métis 80 0 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2022 Indigenous 80 10 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 83 12 2 1 1 0 2 97 2 1160
2019 Indigenous 71 9 0 5 14 0 0 81 19 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 81 10 4 2 1 0 3 93 3 790

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 19 22 7 0 14 0 67 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 22 13 4 2 10 2 78 7 1165
2024 Métis 41 29 21 0 0 10 0 77 0 10
2022 Indigenous 54 7 30 0 0 8 0 67 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 23 12 3 2 8 2 80 6 1160
2020 Indigenous 28 19 15 14 0 8 16 63 18 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 20 11 4 3 11 2 80 7 970
2019 Indigenous 46 14 12 12 5 5 7 68 19 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 20 11 5 4 12 2 76 11 795

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 1165
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 1160

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 46 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 56 85

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 48 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 41 85

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 85

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 85

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 85

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 85 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 85

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 4 96 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 85

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 71 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 85

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 68 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 65 85

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 85

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 85

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 72 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 85

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 58 42 85

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 59 85

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 85

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 85

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 85

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 85

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 85

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 82 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 85

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 42 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 51 85

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 85

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 5 95 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 85

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 85

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 85

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 85

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 85

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 85

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 79 120
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 85

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 93 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 74 80

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 80

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 93 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 80

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 80

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 80

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 80

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 79 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 80

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 80

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 66 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 80

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 80

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 50 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 56 80

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 80

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 50 80

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 5 95 100

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 100
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 80

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 12 14 7 0 55 12 36 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 11 12 5 6 41 12 52 23 1165
2024 Métis 0 10 22 10 0 49 8 24 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 11 12 4 5 41 12 56 18 1155
2020 Indigenous 23 0 18 7 15 22 15 36 35 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 14 16 6 4 34 9 54 18 970
2019 Indigenous 22 16 21 18 0 22 0 50 23 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 17 20 6 5 29 7 50 17 795

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 12 6 7 0 34 7 78 11 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 27 13 6 5 21 2 69 13 1165
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 30 14 3 4 17 2 75 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 37 20 22 7 8 7 0 61 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 30 15 6 4 13 2 71 11 970
2019 Indigenous 37 14 23 18 0 8 0 55 20 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 31 17 5 6 9 1 69 12 795

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 1165
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 1160

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 64 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 75

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 76 24 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 84 16 75

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 75

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 75

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 75

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 87 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 75

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 75

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 55 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 65 75

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 76 75

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 75

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 75

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 71 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 75

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 79 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 76 75

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 75

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 75

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 75

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 79 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 75

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 75

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 75 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 75

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 75

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 62 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 69 75

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 75

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 75

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 75

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 75

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 75

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 75

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 75

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 95
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 75

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 70

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 70

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 70

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 70

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 70

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 70

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 70

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 70

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 70

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 67 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 70

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 70

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 70

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 70

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 48 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 52 70

Question 69o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 90

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 85 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 70

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 28 6 13 0 40 12 59 28 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 11 16 4 5 40 8 51 18 1165
2024 Métis 0 23 10 21 0 39 8 43 39 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 15 14 3 4 39 9 59 13 1160
2020 Indigenous 23 7 23 6 16 19 6 40 29 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 17 14 17 5 3 37 6 55 14 965
2019 Indigenous 4 30 28 5 0 26 7 51 7 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 17 22 4 4 30 7 52 13 790

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 27 6 7 0 19 7 83 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 26 16 4 6 19 3 66 13 1165
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 29 14 3 3 16 2 75 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 28 20 29 7 16 0 0 49 22 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 28 17 5 3 14 1 71 10 970
2019 Indigenous 37 26 28 0 0 8 0 69 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 32 17 4 4 10 2 72 9 790

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 54 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 76 1165
2024 Métis 48 52 10
2022 Indigenous 12 88 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 1160
2020 Indigenous 24 76 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 14 86 965
2019 Indigenous 18 82 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 84 795

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 47 285
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 46 150

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 33 285
2022 Non-Indigenous 84 16 150

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 38 10 11 5 1 0 74 16 195
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 33 7 6 2 1 0 84 8 125

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 56 31 0 7 7 0 0 87 13 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 33 7 7 5 2 3 80 13 1165
2024 Métis 61 29 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Indigenous 54 36 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 33 7 6 2 5 4 83 8 1155
2020 Indigenous 40 21 14 9 8 0 8 67 18 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 34 7 6 3 2 3 84 9 965
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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 32 0 13 7 0 0 81 19 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 31 7 5 5 1 1 83 10 1165
2024 Métis 49 31 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 10
2022 Indigenous 46 20 8 9 17 0 0 66 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 29 10 5 3 2 0 82 8 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 7 8 21 22 0 0 49 43 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 33 8 7 6 1 1 79 13 960

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 7 13 8 41 12 19 71 10 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 4 8 14 7 32 7 27 60 18 1165
2024 Métis 0 11 10 0 53 11 17 72 14 10
2022 Indigenous 7 0 0 10 30 17 36 85 15 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 6 12 8 34 6 31 67 14 1155

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 37 12 13 6 0 7 66 21 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 35 20 12 11 5 0 55 24 1165
2024 Métis 17 45 8 21 10 0 0 61 30 10
2022 Indigenous 12 62 0 16 10 0 0 74 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 41 12 8 5 3 0 75 13 1155
2020 Indigenous 26 17 22 20 14 0 0 43 35 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 42 11 6 2 2 0 80 9 970
2019 Indigenous 35 39 16 7 0 4 0 76 7 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 27 39 18 8 4 3 0 69 12 790

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 20 27 39 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 21 34 23 9 1165
2024 Métis 12 20 20 47 0 10
2022 Indigenous 0 45 19 17 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 25 36 21 6 1160

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 26 6 7 7 0 7 79 14 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 29 11 4 4 4 1 80 9 1165
2024 Métis 49 21 10 10 10 0 0 70 20 10
2022 Indigenous 33 31 8 17 10 0 0 64 27 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 28 9 4 2 4 2 84 7 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 12 17 6 22 0 0 55 28 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 30 12 6 4 5 2 76 11 970

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 26 0 13 13 0 0 74 26 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 29 8 11 8 2 1 72 20 1165
2024 Métis 49 21 0 20 10 0 0 70 30 10
2022 Indigenous 46 10 8 19 17 0 0 56 36 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 26 10 10 7 3 0 72 17 1160
2020 Indigenous 43 0 8 14 35 0 0 43 49 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 30 11 13 10 2 1 66 23 970

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 43 19 19 0 20 0 0 62 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 34 16 15 14 2 0 54 30 1165
2024 Métis 32 29 8 0 30 0 0 61 30 10
2022 Indigenous 14 22 37 7 10 0 9 40 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 38 14 10 7 3 0 68 17 1160
2020 Indigenous 26 17 8 21 28 0 0 43 49 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 36 15 13 7 2 0 64 20 965
2019 Indigenous 32 37 4 18 5 4 0 72 24 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 35 20 14 9 2 0 57 23 795

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 49 14 17 3 0 0 65 20 215
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 55 13 12 2 0 1 73 14 225

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 22 19 20 7 0 0 32 68 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 29 17 10 13 1 2 28 72 1160
2024 Métis 41 21 20 8 11 0 0 41 59 10
2022 Indigenous 26 24 32 0 18 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 26 20 9 14 0 2 1150
2020 Indigenous 25 6 28 20 14 0 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 26 23 11 9 0 0 965
2019 Indigenous 24 23 20 13 16 0 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 27 22 15 16 0 1 795

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 5 35 32 0 28 0 0 5 95 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 25 24 16 20 0 1 15 85 1160
2024 Métis 8 41 30 0 21 0 0 8 92 10
2022 Indigenous 17 14 20 18 30 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 25 24 17 19 0 1 1155
2020 Indigenous 8 37 15 17 24 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 25 23 17 18 0 0 965
2019 Indigenous 29 34 16 8 9 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 25 26 17 15 0 1 790

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 18 47 0 15 20 0 0 18 82 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 26 21 12 14 1 2 25 75 1160
2024 Métis 28 51 0 0 21 0 0 28 72 10
2022 Indigenous 32 0 20 41 7 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 26 20 12 12 0 2 1155
2020 Indigenous 30 14 27 17 12 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 26 22 13 12 0 1 965
2019 Indigenous 35 12 22 4 18 4 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 24 28 22 14 9 1 1 790

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 19 0 7 43 8 0 26 74 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 18 22 16 21 1 3 20 80 1165
2024 Métis 29 17 0 10 32 12 0 33 67 10
2022 Indigenous 8 30 30 22 9 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 24 20 14 15 2 3 1150
2020 Indigenous 14 28 21 17 20 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 22 22 14 13 2 2 965
2019 Indigenous 21 37 9 15 9 9 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 25 24 18 14 1 1 790

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 25 12 0 0 0 16 56 44 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 21 10 7 9 0 12 47 53 1165
2024 Métis 50 20 18 0 0 0 12 57 43 10
2022 Indigenous 52 0 0 20 28 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 20 12 8 10 0 6 1155
2020 Indigenous 24 33 13 0 6 0 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 20 15 9 9 0 5 970
2019 Indigenous 47 9 31 5 0 4 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 23 13 7 7 1 5 790

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 29 0 15 21 0 0 35 65 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 22 17 13 21 0 2 25 75 1160
2024 Métis 30 36 0 0 33 0 0 30 70 10
2022 Indigenous 32 10 10 10 38 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 25 19 10 13 0 1 1155
2020 Indigenous 22 6 35 22 14 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 28 26 21 12 13 1 0 970
2019 Indigenous 51 12 28 5 0 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 28 19 11 10 1 1 790

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 20 17 15 20 0 0 29 71 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 27 19 9 13 2 4 29 71 1165
2024 Métis 37 30 0 12 20 0 0 37 63 10
2022 Indigenous 17 52 0 22 9 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 27 19 9 5 1 3 1150
2020 Indigenous 27 14 21 14 8 0 17 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 30 20 11 5 1 2 965
2019 Indigenous 30 32 21 14 0 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 31 21 10 5 1 1 795

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 25 0 22 20 0 0 34 66 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 26 22 11 13 1 4 24 76 1165
2024 Métis 31 39 0 0 30 0 0 31 69 10
2022 Indigenous 32 36 10 22 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 27 20 11 8 1 3 1150
2020 Indigenous 22 35 14 8 20 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 30 23 12 10 1 1 965
2019 Indigenous 50 7 18 16 5 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 30 22 12 9 1 1 790

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 25 0 13 13 0 0 49 51 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 28 14 8 10 1 3 36 64 1160
2024 Métis 31 39 0 10 21 0 0 31 69 10
2022 Indigenous 9 55 17 0 18 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 26 17 7 5 0 2 1150
2020 Indigenous 43 9 15 14 20 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 31 19 8 7 1 1 965
2019 Indigenous 66 0 14 12 5 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 26 19 11 6 1 2 790

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 28 28 7 7 0 0 31 69 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 23 14 7 13 1 2 40 60 1165
2024 Métis 27 31 32 0 11 0 0 27 73 10
2022 Indigenous 26 41 0 20 12 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 25 13 8 7 1 2 1155
2020 Indigenous 28 27 6 23 16 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 27 15 9 8 1 1 960
2019 Indigenous 50 16 5 16 9 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 26 15 10 9 1 2 790

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 34 0 0 13 0 0 53 47 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 26 12 5 6 0 3 50 50 1165
2024 Métis 53 27 0 0 20 0 0 53 47 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 26 14 5 5 0 2 1150
2020 Indigenous 22 35 7 14 22 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 25 30 24 14 6 0 1 965

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 24 13 22 7 0 0 34 66 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 27 18 8 9 0 2 36 64 1160
2024 Métis 40 29 21 0 11 0 0 40 60 10
2022 Indigenous 53 27 20 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 28 20 11 6 0 1 1155
2020 Indigenous 35 17 15 0 26 0 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 30 20 14 10 0 1 960
2019 Indigenous 35 31 18 12 0 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 29 19 7 6 1 2 785

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 22 8 7 26 0 0 37 63 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 18 16 7 19 0 5 36 64 1160
2024 Métis 49 21 0 0 30 0 0 49 51 10
2022 Indigenous 61 29 0 10 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 19 9 3 4 1 7 1150
2020 Indigenous 33 31 6 8 8 0 14 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 29 18 7 4 0 2 960
2019 Indigenous 32 26 13 16 9 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 24 13 6 6 1 2 790

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 11 14 7 7 0 0 61 39 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 29 13 6 5 0 3 45 55 1160
2024 Métis 63 17 10 0 11 0 0 63 37 10
2022 Indigenous 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 29 9 3 2 0 2 1150
2020 Indigenous 44 20 14 0 14 0 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 38 18 7 3 0 1 960

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 66 5 22 0 7 0 0 66 34 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 64 13 6 2 4 2 10 73 27 1160
2024 Métis 71 8 10 0 11 0 0 71 29 10

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 73 5 8 0 13 0 0 73 27 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 15 9 4 9 1 8 59 41 1160
2024 Métis 71 8 0 0 21 0 0 71 29 10

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 12 5 7 7 0 0 69 31 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 69 10 5 4 4 2 7 76 24 1165
2024 Métis 53 18 8 10 11 0 0 53 47 10
2022 Indigenous 84 8 7 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 74 9 4 2 3 1 6 1150
2020 Indigenous 57 12 0 16 0 0 14 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 76 9 4 3 3 1 4 960
2019 Indigenous 59 21 12 0 4 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 71 12 5 3 4 1 3 790

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 19 5 0 7 0 0 69 31 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 18 6 2 2 1 5 70 30 1160
2024 Métis 52 29 8 0 11 0 0 52 48 10
2022 Indigenous 74 26 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 72 16 5 1 2 0 4 1150
2020 Indigenous 51 12 0 0 6 0 30 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 69 19 5 3 1 0 3 955
2019 Indigenous 46 21 26 0 4 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 28 7 4 2 0 3 785

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 20 0 20 6 0 0 53 47 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 62 17 6 3 6 1 4 65 35 1160
2024 Métis 38 31 0 21 10 0 0 38 62 10
2022 Indigenous 70 12 7 10 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 68 15 7 3 5 0 3 1150
2020 Indigenous 48 7 12 17 8 0 9 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 66 17 7 3 4 0 3 960
2019 Indigenous 59 14 12 11 0 4 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 19 9 5 5 1 2 780

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 42 5 7 7 0 0 39 69 31 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 61 9 4 1 1 1 24 80 20 1165
2024 Métis 34 8 10 11 0 0 37 54 46 10
2022 Indigenous 92 0 0 0 0 0 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 65 9 4 1 1 0 20 1155
2020 Indigenous 66 7 0 0 0 0 28 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 8 4 1 1 0 21 960
2019 Indigenous 70 0 12 0 0 4 14 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 11 5 1 1 1 23 780

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 67 12 8 13 0 0 0 67 33 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 13 6 2 2 1 9 74 26 1160
2024 Métis 49 19 12 20 0 0 0 49 51 10
2022 Indigenous 81 10 0 0 0 0 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 69 15 6 2 1 0 7 1150
2020 Indigenous 55 22 14 0 0 0 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 71 15 6 2 1 0 5 965
2019 Indigenous 75 7 9 0 0 4 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 66 17 7 2 2 1 6 780

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 41 5 5 8 0 0 40 60 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 17 10 7 17 1 4 47 53 1165
2024 Métis 41 51 8 0 0 0 0 41 59 10
2022 Indigenous 65 14 0 12 0 0 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 55 16 10 6 9 1 4 1155
2020 Indigenous 57 0 6 0 29 0 9 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 15 12 10 13 1 2 965
2019 Indigenous 63 5 19 5 0 4 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 16 13 7 9 1 4 790

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 26 8 7 13 0 0 46 54 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 25 14 5 5 1 5 48 52 1165
2024 Métis 52 27 0 11 11 0 0 52 48 10
2022 Indigenous 46 19 26 0 0 0 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 26 15 4 3 1 4 1155
2020 Indigenous 43 6 12 7 16 0 17 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 29 16 5 4 0 2 960
2019 Indigenous 66 16 0 0 9 4 4 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 27 12 2 2 1 4 780

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 25 41 14 20 0 0 25 34 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 25 38 17 12 0 0 33 29 1165
2024 Métis 0 38 31 10 21 0 0 38 30 10
2022 Indigenous 0 32 30 29 9 0 0 32 38 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 28 38 15 6 0 0 40 21 1160
2020 Indigenous 0 20 29 25 26 0 0 20 51 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 12 28 35 17 7 0 0 40 24 965
2019 Indigenous 35 23 34 9 0 0 0 58 9 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 13 29 36 13 7 1 0 43 21 790

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 23 37 7 8 0 0 15 48 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 23 34 17 8 0 0 26 40 1160
2024 Métis 29 22 49 0 0 0 0 0 51 10
2022 Indigenous 18 30 34 0 17 0 0 17 48 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 18 38 22 11 0 1 33 29 1155
2020 Indigenous 48 23 15 14 0 0 0 14 71 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 12 22 37 21 8 0 0 29 34 965
2019 Indigenous 9 17 28 39 7 0 0 46 26 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 10 21 38 21 9 1 1 30 32 785
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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 53 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 56 1165
2024 Métis 41 50 10
2022 Indigenous 38 53 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 53 1160
2020 Indigenous 59 28 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 41 970

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 270
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 54 295

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 13 0 7 12 8 27 51 49 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 13 8 5 6 6 24 54 46 1165
2024 Métis 43 0 0 11 19 0 28 59 41 10
2022 Indigenous 38 24 9 10 10 8 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 14 9 5 4 5 23 1160
2020 Indigenous 17 28 0 14 25 0 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 19 14 5 5 3 13 970
2019 Indigenous 41 7 12 13 20 7 0 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 19 13 9 10 1 10 785

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 21 15 17 34 3 3 30 54 270
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 23 14 20 25 2 5 37 48 295

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 5 19 13 21 38 1 3 25 61 270
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 17 15 18 33 4 4 28 56 295
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