2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Public Service Commission of Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Table of contents

Top of page

Employee engagement

Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 62 5 5 9 0 0 81 14 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 38 14 8 8 0 0 70 16 475
2024 Métis 21 60 11 0 9 0 0 81 9 10
2022 Indigenous 39 46 7 8 0 0 0 86 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 42 11 6 3 0 0 80 9 555
2022 Métis 50 26 12 13 0 0 0 75 13 15
2020 Indigenous 72 5 13 9 0 0 0 78 9 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 38 35 12 9 5 0 0 74 14 540
2020 First Nation 79 11 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2020 Métis 74 0 17 9 0 0 0 74 9 10
2019 Indigenous 43 43 4 3 7 0 0 86 11 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 41 11 8 3 0 0 78 11 650
2019 First Nation 49 41 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 15
2019 Métis 40 40 7 6 6 0 0 80 12 15

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 28 19 10 4 0 0 67 14 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 34 13 11 7 1 0 68 19 475
2024 Métis 53 9 30 0 9 0 0 61 9 10
2022 Indigenous 43 30 19 4 5 0 0 73 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 36 11 6 4 0 0 79 10 550
2022 Métis 56 19 18 7 0 0 0 75 7 15
2020 Indigenous 59 18 5 18 0 0 0 77 18 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 35 11 9 6 0 0 74 15 540
2020 First Nation 59 10 11 19 0 0 0 69 19 10
2020 Métis 65 27 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2019 Indigenous 37 40 14 5 3 0 0 77 9 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 38 12 9 3 0 0 76 12 655
2019 First Nation 38 39 17 6 0 0 0 77 6 15
2019 Métis 39 44 6 5 6 0 0 83 11 15

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 42 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 35 14 4 3 1 0 79 7 480
2024 Métis 63 27 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 61 35 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 39 7 3 2 0 0 88 5 550
2022 Métis 62 31 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2020 Indigenous 72 23 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 33 10 5 2 0 0 84 7 535
2020 First Nation 69 21 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2020 Métis 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 60 33 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 35 10 5 1 0 0 84 6 650
2019 First Nation 60 31 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 15
2019 Métis 63 30 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 42 5 4 0 0 0 91 4 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 38 14 8 4 0 0 74 12 480
2024 Métis 65 27 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2022 Indigenous 51 35 11 4 0 0 0 86 4 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 39 10 5 2 0 0 82 7 550
2022 Métis 56 26 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 15
2020 Indigenous 72 14 9 4 0 0 0 87 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 37 10 7 3 0 0 80 10 540
2020 First Nation 79 11 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2020 Métis 74 9 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 41 48 7 4 0 0 0 89 4 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 39 10 6 2 0 0 82 8 655
2019 First Nation 52 39 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 15
2019 Métis 34 52 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 21 15 10 14 0 0 62 24 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 29 16 11 9 2 0 63 20 480
2024 Métis 43 37 11 0 9 0 0 80 9 10
2022 Indigenous 47 27 19 4 4 0 0 74 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 32 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 555
2022 Métis 49 26 19 7 0 0 0 74 7 15
2020 Indigenous 55 18 13 14 0 0 0 73 14 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 32 14 6 2 0 0 78 8 540
2020 First Nation 50 10 19 21 0 0 0 60 21 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 53 35 6 3 3 0 0 88 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 30 11 5 2 1 0 82 7 650
2019 First Nation 47 39 6 8 0 0 0 86 8 15
2019 Métis 61 27 6 0 6 0 0 88 6 15

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 22 14 20 9 0 0 57 29 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 30 17 14 9 0 0 61 22 480
2024 Métis 31 39 11 11 9 0 0 70 20 10
2022 Indigenous 35 39 15 8 4 0 0 74 11 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 33 13 6 3 0 0 78 10 555
2022 Métis 42 32 13 13 0 0 0 74 13 15
2020 Indigenous 55 18 27 0 0 0 0 73 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 34 12 8 2 0 0 78 10 530
2020 First Nation 50 10 40 0 0 0 0 60 0 10
2020 Métis 65 17 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 53 34 6 3 0 4 0 90 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 33 12 6 3 0 0 80 8 650
2019 First Nation 47 39 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2019 Métis 61 26 0 6 0 7 0 93 7 15

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 36 13 14 19 9 10 0 54 31 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 20 19 10 14 6 0 55 25 480
2024 Métis 43 9 9 9 9 22 0 67 22 10
2022 Indigenous 38 17 19 11 7 8 0 59 19 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 26 11 11 7 4 1 69 20 555
2022 Métis 48 0 33 19 0 0 0 48 19 15
2020 Indigenous 50 23 14 9 4 0 0 73 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 38 28 14 12 6 2 1 67 18 540
2020 First Nation 40 20 21 10 10 0 0 60 19 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 41 19 14 10 3 12 0 69 15 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 22 15 12 9 3 1 63 21 650
2019 First Nation 35 25 12 17 0 11 0 67 19 15
2019 Métis 48 16 17 5 6 7 0 70 12 15
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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 26 15 0 0 0 10 83 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 27 11 3 3 1 8 81 7 475
2024 Métis 53 36 0 0 0 0 11 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 37 32 6 17 0 0 8 75 19 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 27 11 2 3 1 6 83 6 555
2022 Métis 40 25 5 16 0 0 13 76 18 15
2020 Indigenous 63 26 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 60 24 7 5 2 0 1 86 7 540
2020 First Nation 57 20 23 0 0 0 0 77 0 10
2020 Métis 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 71 14 0 0 3 0 12 96 4 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 54 25 11 5 2 1 2 82 7 650
2019 First Nation 64 24 0 0 0 0 11 100 0 15
2019 Métis 81 6 0 0 6 0 7 93 7 15

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 59 21 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 29 8 7 3 0 1 82 10 475
2024 Métis 63 26 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 33 38 15 9 5 0 0 71 14 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 55 32 6 3 2 0 0 88 6 555
2022 Métis 33 26 25 7 9 0 0 59 16 15
2020 Indigenous 73 14 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 32 7 6 2 0 0 85 8 540
2020 First Nation 59 31 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2020 Métis 83 0 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 50 23 13 6 0 3 5 80 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 31 9 4 3 1 1 84 7 650
2019 First Nation 34 31 18 6 0 0 11 73 7 15
2019 Métis 67 12 9 6 0 6 0 84 6 15

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 31 5 10 0 0 0 85 10 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 26 7 5 6 0 0 82 11 480
2024 Métis 63 37 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 47 31 10 9 4 0 0 78 12 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 61 27 6 3 3 0 0 88 7 555
2022 Métis 49 26 12 7 6 0 0 75 13 15
2020 Indigenous 77 23 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 25 6 5 4 0 0 85 9 540
2020 First Nation 69 31 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 Métis 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 56 19 8 3 7 4 5 82 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 28 7 5 3 0 0 85 8 655
2019 First Nation 35 37 11 6 0 0 11 81 7 15
2019 Métis 76 6 6 0 12 0 0 82 12 15

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 30 0 15 29 0 0 57 43 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 31 14 14 8 9 0 60 24 475
2024 Métis 24 36 0 21 19 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 32 30 0 12 15 10 0 69 31 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 33 8 5 4 10 0 80 10 555
2022 Métis 29 26 0 13 20 13 0 63 37 15
2020 Indigenous 38 26 10 9 9 9 0 70 19 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 29 12 7 2 7 0 78 10 540
2020 First Nation 50 10 11 10 10 10 0 66 21 10
2020 Métis 30 34 9 9 9 9 0 71 19 10
2019 Indigenous 40 36 11 3 7 4 0 79 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 35 12 5 3 8 0 79 9 645
2019 First Nation 37 56 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 15
2019 Métis 45 23 14 5 6 7 0 73 12 15

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 17 31 5 19 29 0 0 47 48 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 29 16 18 16 2 0 48 35 480
2024 Métis 12 48 0 10 30 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 20 41 12 12 12 4 0 63 25 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 36 13 10 6 5 0 69 17 555
2022 Métis 22 25 21 20 7 6 0 50 28 15
2020 Indigenous 42 22 17 14 4 0 0 64 19 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 34 15 9 4 1 0 72 13 540
2020 First Nation 49 20 10 21 0 0 0 69 21 10
2020 Métis 38 27 26 0 9 0 0 65 9 10
2019 Indigenous 37 40 9 3 7 4 0 81 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 37 15 7 4 3 0 73 11 645
2019 First Nation 37 56 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 15
2019 Métis 40 31 11 5 6 7 0 76 12 15

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 12 22 15 24 23 5 0 35 50 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 25 18 19 21 5 0 39 42 475
2024 Métis 12 29 9 19 30 0 0 42 49 10
2022 Indigenous 24 18 23 8 19 8 0 46 30 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 32 18 15 7 7 0 57 24 555
2022 Métis 15 12 20 14 27 13 0 31 46 15
2020 Indigenous 38 17 24 9 4 9 0 60 14 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 25 34 13 17 5 6 0 63 23 540
2020 First Nation 49 10 21 10 0 10 0 66 11 10
2020 Métis 30 25 18 9 9 9 0 61 19 10
2019 Indigenous 27 39 18 5 3 8 0 71 9 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 38 16 11 5 7 0 66 17 645
2019 First Nation 21 59 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2019 Métis 33 26 18 10 6 7 0 63 17 15

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 10 27 10 24 29 0 0 37 53 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 30 18 20 15 2 0 45 36 480
2024 Métis 9 29 0 31 30 0 0 39 61 10
2022 Indigenous 28 26 15 8 20 4 0 56 28 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 38 16 14 7 3 0 62 22 555
2022 Métis 22 18 13 13 27 6 0 43 43 15
2020 Indigenous 24 26 13 27 4 4 0 53 33 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 37 13 16 4 2 0 66 21 540
2020 First Nation 30 19 0 41 0 10 0 55 45 10
2020 Métis 22 25 27 17 9 0 0 47 26 10
2019 Indigenous 30 36 17 6 3 8 0 71 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 37 18 12 7 4 0 62 20 645
2019 First Nation 29 38 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 15
2019 Métis 33 37 6 11 6 7 0 75 18 15
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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 24 32 4 10 0 0 53 15 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 35 14 11 10 0 0 65 21 480
2024 Métis 34 20 37 10 0 0 0 53 10 10
2022 Indigenous 43 27 7 23 0 0 0 70 23 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 34 13 9 4 0 0 74 13 555
2022 Métis 42 26 5 26 0 0 0 69 26 15
2020 Indigenous 50 27 14 9 0 0 0 77 9 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 38 38 11 8 4 0 0 76 13 540
2020 First Nation 40 30 21 10 0 0 0 69 10 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2019 Indigenous 46 42 3 4 6 0 0 88 9 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 37 12 11 3 0 1 74 14 655
2019 First Nation 43 51 0 0 6 0 0 94 6 15
2019 Métis 51 38 5 0 6 0 0 89 6 15

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 37 9 5 4 0 0 82 9 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 39 8 11 4 0 0 77 15 480
2024 Métis 54 29 9 0 9 0 0 83 9 10
2022 Indigenous 36 32 20 12 0 0 0 67 12 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 43 7 7 3 0 0 83 10 550
2022 Métis 41 19 18 21 0 0 0 60 21 15
2020 Indigenous 51 35 5 9 0 0 0 86 9 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 38 9 9 4 0 0 78 13 540
2020 First Nation 49 20 11 19 0 0 0 69 19 10
2020 Métis 57 43 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 46 28 11 9 6 0 0 74 15 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 39 11 8 4 0 0 77 11 655
2019 First Nation 46 12 27 9 6 0 0 58 15 15
2019 Métis 48 37 0 9 6 0 0 85 15 15

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 50 29 5 10 5 0 0 79 15 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 33 9 6 5 0 1 80 11 480
2024 Métis 51 37 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 43 33 8 16 0 0 0 76 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 34 6 7 3 1 1 83 10 555
2022 Métis 49 18 14 20 0 0 0 67 20 15
2020 Indigenous 51 30 14 4 0 0 0 82 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 49 34 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 540
2020 First Nation 49 19 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 10
2020 Métis 48 43 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2019 Indigenous 47 32 7 0 9 0 5 83 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 33 10 7 4 0 1 79 11 650
2019 First Nation 41 33 8 0 7 0 12 83 7 10
2019 Métis 55 33 0 0 12 0 0 88 12 15

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 38 9 18 5 0 0 68 23 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 40 11 10 3 0 1 76 13 475
2024 Métis 42 30 11 17 0 0 0 72 17 10
2022 Indigenous 31 34 20 7 8 0 0 65 15 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 39 10 9 1 0 1 80 10 555
2022 Métis 29 32 20 5 14 0 0 61 19 15
2020 Indigenous 57 23 15 4 0 0 0 80 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 39 10 10 4 0 1 76 13 540
2020 First Nation 57 22 11 10 0 0 0 79 10 10
2020 Métis 63 27 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2019 Indigenous 35 40 20 6 0 0 0 74 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 36 11 9 4 0 1 76 12 650
2019 First Nation 35 39 20 6 0 0 0 74 6 15
2019 Métis 36 37 21 6 0 0 0 73 6 15

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 50 26 5 10 5 0 4 79 16 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 24 11 4 4 2 2 80 8 475
2024 Métis 43 47 0 0 0 0 10 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 46 35 3 12 0 0 4 84 13 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 55 26 9 3 3 1 2 83 7 555
2022 Métis 49 26 5 13 0 0 7 80 14 15
2020 Indigenous 72 9 15 4 0 0 0 81 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 26 12 6 3 1 1 79 9 540
2020 First Nation 57 10 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 10
2020 Métis 83 9 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 21 31 23 11 14 0 0 52 25 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 33 21 15 11 2 0 53 26 475
2024 Métis 12 27 40 12 9 0 0 39 21 10
2022 Indigenous 27 42 16 8 4 4 0 71 12 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 41 13 8 5 2 0 72 14 555
2022 Métis 29 32 20 7 6 7 0 65 14 15
2020 Indigenous 41 22 28 4 4 0 0 63 9 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 29 33 15 15 6 2 0 63 21 540
2020 First Nation 40 19 31 0 10 0 0 59 10 10
2020 Métis 36 27 28 9 0 0 0 63 9 10
2019 Indigenous 40 35 11 9 0 4 0 78 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 24 38 15 13 6 3 0 64 21 645
2019 First Nation 53 35 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 15
2019 Métis 32 38 12 11 0 7 0 75 12 15

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 39 13 4 8 0 5 32 68 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 21 14 8 8 1 6 44 56 475
2024 Métis 34 11 18 9 17 0 11 38 62 10
2022 Indigenous 47 39 3 4 3 0 4 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 23 12 5 5 1 6 555
2022 Métis 55 33 5 7 0 0 0 15
2020 Indigenous 64 14 4 9 5 0 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 55 19 12 6 4 1 4 540
2020 First Nation 49 31 10 0 0 0 10 10
2020 Métis 83 0 0 17 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 48 28 9 5 7 0 4 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 22 12 6 3 0 5 650
2019 First Nation 50 23 21 6 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 42 33 0 5 12 0 7 15

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 55 18 4 0 5 0 18 67 33 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 64 7 3 2 4 1 19 79 21 475
2024 Métis 54 9 9 0 0 0 28 75 25 10

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 28 9 5 0 5 4 54 46 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 69 8 6 2 3 5 8 78 22 475
2024 Métis 51 21 9 0 0 11 9 63 37 10
2022 Indigenous 55 15 7 8 9 0 7 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 70 11 4 2 3 3 7 555
2022 Métis 48 21 6 13 7 0 5 15
2020 Indigenous 64 13 5 4 4 9 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 77 8 5 2 3 2 4 540
2020 First Nation 30 19 11 10 10 20 0 10
2020 Métis 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 84 9 3 3 0 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 77 8 4 2 2 3 4 650
2019 First Nation 86 6 8 0 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 82 12 0 6 0 0 0 15

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 63 18 5 0 0 5 9 73 27 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 7 5 2 3 2 15 80 20 475
2024 Métis 72 9 0 0 0 11 9 89 11 10

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 13 15 8 0 5 5 60 40 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 7 9 4 5 3 13 71 29 475
2024 Métis 51 9 12 18 0 11 0 57 43 10

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 10 29 23 9 29 0 0 39 38 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 26 11 21 20 5 4 44 44 480
2024 Métis 12 19 31 9 30 0 0 31 38 10
2022 Indigenous 11 20 15 7 23 8 15 41 40 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 32 12 13 12 4 3 61 27 555
2022 Métis 13 14 20 13 27 13 0 31 46 15
2020 Indigenous 22 28 10 18 19 0 4 52 38 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 21 27 14 18 15 3 3 50 35 540
2020 First Nation 19 10 12 31 19 0 8 32 55 10
2020 Métis 25 37 9 9 20 0 0 63 28 10
2019 Indigenous 22 28 15 14 13 0 7 54 30 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 25 15 19 15 3 3 48 36 655
2019 First Nation 31 11 14 20 8 0 17 50 33 15
2019 Métis 17 43 17 11 12 0 0 60 23 15

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 35 29 9 0 0 0 62 9 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 35 15 13 10 0 0 62 22 480
2024 Métis 40 0 40 20 0 0 0 40 20 10
2022 Indigenous 39 18 23 12 8 0 0 57 20 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 39 10 10 5 0 0 76 15 550
2022 Métis 30 19 26 13 13 0 0 48 26 15
2020 Indigenous 54 31 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 38 13 10 3 0 0 75 13 540
2020 First Nation 48 19 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 10
2020 Métis 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 38 40 16 7 0 0 0 77 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 39 12 9 4 0 0 75 13 650
2019 First Nation 35 48 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2019 Métis 42 36 16 6 0 0 0 78 6 15

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 29 23 9 5 0 0 63 14 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 33 16 11 7 0 1 66 17 475
2024 Métis 43 9 39 9 0 0 0 53 9 10
2022 Indigenous 47 27 10 8 8 0 0 74 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 42 8 8 4 0 0 80 12 550
2022 Métis 49 20 12 13 7 0 0 69 20 15
2020 Indigenous 49 28 0 14 9 0 0 77 23 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 33 12 9 5 0 0 75 13 540
2020 First Nation 37 32 0 21 10 0 0 69 31 10
2020 Métis 65 18 0 9 9 0 0 83 17 10
2019 Indigenous 40 48 5 3 4 0 0 89 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 36 13 8 3 0 0 76 11 650
2019 First Nation 37 51 6 6 0 0 0 88 6 15
2019 Métis 46 49 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 15

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 38 10 8 5 0 0 77 13 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 37 16 7 5 0 1 72 13 475
2024 Métis 53 20 11 17 0 0 0 72 17 10
2022 Indigenous 27 46 18 8 0 0 0 73 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 36 13 7 3 0 0 78 10 550
2022 Métis 36 31 26 7 0 0 0 67 7 15
2020 Indigenous 59 27 5 9 0 0 0 86 9 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 38 11 9 3 0 0 77 12 535
2020 First Nation 59 10 11 19 0 0 0 69 19 10
2020 Métis 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 49 36 4 11 0 0 0 85 11 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 44 11 5 2 0 0 81 8 650
2019 First Nation 53 31 9 6 0 0 0 85 6 15
2019 Métis 50 35 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 15

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 39 24 18 0 0 0 58 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 38 17 11 7 5 1 63 18 480
2024 Métis 31 22 30 17 0 0 0 53 17 10
2022 Indigenous 27 44 12 7 4 8 0 76 11 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 45 13 8 3 3 0 74 12 555
2022 Métis 29 40 12 7 6 7 0 73 14 15
2020 Indigenous 28 41 10 13 4 4 0 72 18 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 45 16 10 2 2 0 72 12 540
2020 First Nation 40 19 11 19 10 0 0 60 29 10
2020 Métis 20 54 9 9 0 9 0 81 10 10
2019 Indigenous 23 60 11 3 0 3 0 86 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 44 18 8 1 4 0 71 10 650
2019 First Nation 29 48 17 6 0 0 0 77 6 15
2019 Métis 21 73 0 0 0 6 0 100 0 15

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 28 14 13 20 0 0 53 33 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 32 13 10 12 0 1 66 22 480
2024 Métis 21 18 11 29 21 0 0 40 50 10
2022 Indigenous 43 32 11 7 7 0 0 74 15 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 33 8 7 4 0 0 81 11 555
2022 Métis 56 19 18 0 6 0 0 75 6 15
2020 Indigenous 64 17 5 9 4 0 0 82 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 28 9 7 5 0 1 79 11 540
2020 First Nation 60 0 11 19 10 0 0 60 29 10
2020 Métis 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 61 29 3 4 3 0 0 90 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 55 27 8 6 3 1 0 84 9 655
2019 First Nation 69 31 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2019 Métis 59 29 6 0 6 0 0 88 6 15

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 8 18 5 0 0 0 77 5 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 30 10 7 8 0 1 75 15 480
2024 Métis 62 9 29 0 0 0 0 71 0 10
2022 Indigenous 50 33 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 30 13 8 6 1 1 73 13 555
2022 Métis 43 38 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2020 Indigenous 39 36 12 9 4 0 0 75 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 29 12 8 6 0 0 73 15 540
2020 First Nation 42 21 8 19 10 0 0 63 29 10
2020 Métis 40 44 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 40 32 22 6 0 0 0 72 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 30 13 4 4 0 0 79 8 650
2019 First Nation 43 38 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 15
2019 Métis 40 23 26 11 0 0 0 63 11 15

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 20 10 16 0 0 0 74 16 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 62 23 5 3 3 1 2 88 6 480
2024 Métis 54 11 0 35 0 0 0 65 35 10
2022 Indigenous 53 26 4 5 4 4 5 86 9 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 70 20 3 2 2 2 1 92 4 555
2022 Métis 53 19 7 0 7 6 9 84 8 15

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 42 23 35 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 30 29 475
2024 Métis 38 41 21 10
2022 Indigenous 37 19 44 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 28 29 550
2022 Métis 32 32 35 15
2020 Indigenous 22 47 31 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 32 30 540
2020 First Nation 29 50 21 10
2020 Métis 9 48 43 10
2019 Indigenous 34 28 38 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 25 33 655
2019 First Nation 34 28 38 15
2019 Métis 35 23 41 15

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 24 48 4 3 10 200
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 33 38 4 8 8 230
2019 Indigenous 0 17 37 12 12 22 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 20 48 2 13 8 270
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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 42 19 4 0 0 0 77 4 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 39 8 4 3 0 0 85 7 475
2024 Métis 33 39 19 9 0 0 0 72 9 10
2022 Indigenous 47 42 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 39 6 3 1 0 0 89 5 550
2022 Métis 48 52 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indigenous 77 17 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 54 33 7 4 2 0 0 87 6 540
2020 First Nation 69 19 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2020 Métis 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 39 50 3 4 3 0 0 89 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 39 8 3 2 1 0 87 5 650
2019 First Nation 44 39 8 9 0 0 0 83 9 15
2019 Métis 38 56 0 0 6 0 0 94 6 15

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 16 45 15 15 9 0 0 61 24 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 44 16 11 5 1 0 67 17 475
2024 Métis 21 36 23 11 9 0 0 57 20 10
2022 Indigenous 35 34 15 16 0 0 0 69 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 47 12 10 4 1 0 74 13 555
2022 Métis 34 33 7 27 0 0 0 67 27 15
2020 Indigenous 32 40 23 4 0 0 0 72 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 47 10 7 1 1 0 81 9 540
2020 First Nation 49 20 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 10
2020 Métis 20 63 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 37 41 12 4 3 4 0 80 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 47 10 8 1 1 0 81 9 650
2019 First Nation 37 46 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2019 Métis 39 39 9 0 6 7 0 84 7 15

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 8 34 20 14 0 5 36 28 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 22 30 18 9 0 4 29 40 475
2024 Métis 41 9 9 20 21 0 0 41 49 10
2022 Indigenous 7 17 57 7 11 0 0 18 24 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 18 39 21 13 1 1 34 26 555
2022 Métis 13 19 43 13 14 0 0 26 31 15
2020 Indigenous 9 18 37 32 4 0 0 36 27 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 11 24 33 23 8 0 1 32 35 540
2020 First Nation 10 31 29 30 0 0 0 30 40 10
2020 Métis 9 9 37 36 9 0 0 45 17 10
2019 Indigenous 5 25 42 15 10 0 4 26 31 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 17 38 23 11 1 2 36 26 650
2019 First Nation 11 37 30 12 9 0 0 21 48 15
2019 Métis 0 17 54 18 11 0 0 29 17 15

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 28 18 19 30 0 0 5 32 49 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 21 27 13 6 2 5 21 50 480
2024 Métis 28 10 30 32 0 0 0 32 38 10
2022 Indigenous 15 19 41 8 12 5 0 21 36 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 23 32 16 10 1 4 27 40 555
2022 Métis 20 18 40 13 9 0 0 22 38 15
2020 Indigenous 26 5 19 27 19 4 0 48 33 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 15 25 32 16 9 1 1 26 41 540
2020 First Nation 29 11 20 22 18 0 0 40 40 10
2020 Métis 26 0 20 35 11 9 0 50 29 10
2019 Indigenous 3 28 37 9 9 11 4 21 36 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 13 23 30 18 12 2 2 31 38 650
2019 First Nation 0 48 25 6 21 0 0 28 48 15
2019 Métis 6 14 48 12 0 20 0 15 25 15

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 13 39 31 9 0 0 40 21 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 16 26 24 14 1 4 40 33 475
2024 Métis 17 20 42 20 0 0 0 20 37 10
2022 Indigenous 4 11 40 15 25 5 0 42 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 11 33 28 16 1 2 46 20 555
2022 Métis 6 19 32 20 23 0 0 43 26 15
2020 Indigenous 13 0 37 37 13 0 0 50 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 8 18 27 31 15 1 1 46 26 535
2020 First Nation 29 0 31 22 18 0 0 40 29 10
2020 Métis 0 0 46 45 9 0 0 54 0 10
2019 Indigenous 3 3 41 19 26 8 0 49 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 5 12 30 32 19 1 1 52 17 650
2019 First Nation 6 0 47 23 25 0 0 47 6 15
2019 Métis 0 6 39 18 29 8 0 51 7 15

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 23 33 21 0 0 5 22 43 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 22 23 13 12 1 4 27 49 475
2024 Métis 9 40 40 11 0 0 0 11 49 10
2022 Indigenous 8 18 40 20 10 5 0 31 27 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 18 26 20 18 1 2 39 34 555
2022 Métis 7 14 55 7 17 0 0 24 21 15
2020 Indigenous 4 22 29 40 5 0 0 45 26 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 15 20 25 23 15 1 1 38 36 540
2020 First Nation 10 10 31 40 10 0 0 50 19 10
2020 Métis 0 25 30 44 0 0 0 44 25 10
2019 Indigenous 11 12 39 12 19 4 4 33 25 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 14 27 26 20 3 2 49 23 645
2019 First Nation 0 8 56 21 15 0 0 37 8 15
2019 Métis 21 16 28 5 23 7 0 30 40 15

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 18 22 20 16 14 11 0 33 45 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 18 25 18 16 2 7 38 36 475
2024 Métis 17 9 21 11 19 23 0 39 34 10
2022 Indigenous 14 11 34 15 8 9 9 28 30 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 21 26 17 14 4 4 33 39 555
2022 Métis 19 13 32 20 0 7 9 23 39 15
2020 Indigenous 9 4 23 42 22 0 0 64 14 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 7 17 27 27 19 3 1 47 24 535
2020 First Nation 10 10 31 22 28 0 0 50 19 10
2020 Métis 0 0 17 65 18 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 3 12 16 35 18 12 4 62 19 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 22 25 22 14 5 2 39 34 645
2019 First Nation 0 29 24 22 15 0 9 41 32 15
2019 Métis 6 0 11 48 21 15 0 80 7 15

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 18 32 13 31 5 0 0 37 50 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 23 28 17 10 3 4 29 41 475
2024 Métis 28 18 18 35 0 0 0 35 47 10
2022 Indigenous 22 14 14 20 15 5 9 41 42 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 18 36 17 12 2 3 31 31 555
2022 Métis 38 12 13 14 7 0 16 24 60 15
2020 Indigenous 17 10 22 43 8 0 0 51 27 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 13 20 32 21 12 2 1 34 33 540
2020 First Nation 19 21 19 32 8 0 0 40 40 10
2020 Métis 17 0 17 56 9 0 0 65 17 10
2019 Indigenous 3 14 43 23 12 4 0 37 18 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 11 19 31 23 12 3 2 36 31 650
2019 First Nation 0 6 54 24 15 0 0 40 6 15
2019 Métis 6 22 29 24 11 7 0 38 30 15

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 19 35 29 9 0 0 38 27 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 16 30 28 14 1 2 44 25 475
2024 Métis 19 0 42 30 9 0 0 39 19 10
2022 Indigenous 0 10 38 31 11 0 10 47 11 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 12 34 26 18 1 3 46 19 555
2022 Métis 0 13 39 26 13 0 9 43 14 15
2020 Indigenous 4 29 32 35 0 0 0 35 33 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 12 27 33 20 7 0 0 27 39 540
2020 First Nation 10 21 41 28 0 0 0 28 31 10
2020 Métis 0 28 27 45 0 0 0 45 28 10
2019 Indigenous 14 25 30 20 7 4 0 28 41 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 15 28 30 17 8 1 1 25 44 650
2019 First Nation 17 26 30 17 9 0 0 27 43 15
2019 Métis 12 27 25 23 6 7 0 31 42 15

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 6 34 29 13 19 0 0 40 31 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 26 20 24 18 2 0 37 43 475
2024 Métis 0 34 19 27 20 0 0 34 47 10
2022 Indigenous 24 32 12 10 19 4 0 57 30 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 36 18 17 9 5 0 53 28 555
2022 Métis 29 26 6 7 27 6 0 58 35 15
2020 Indigenous 24 35 14 14 9 4 0 62 24 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 19 43 19 13 5 1 0 63 18 540
2020 First Nation 30 29 20 11 10 0 0 59 21 10
2020 Métis 22 43 0 17 9 9 0 71 29 10
2019 Indigenous 23 37 21 11 3 4 0 63 15 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 42 18 13 4 5 0 63 17 650
2019 First Nation 23 35 34 8 0 0 0 58 8 15
2019 Métis 24 42 6 15 6 7 0 71 22 15

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 42 5 9 5 0 0 81 14 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 30 6 4 5 1 0 86 9 480
2024 Métis 21 70 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2022 Indigenous 50 28 7 11 5 0 0 78 15 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 23 5 4 3 1 0 88 7 550
2022 Métis 55 19 12 13 0 0 0 74 13 15
2020 Indigenous 64 14 9 13 0 0 0 78 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 57 27 5 5 4 1 0 85 10 540
2020 First Nation 60 21 10 10 0 0 0 81 10 10
2020 Métis 74 0 9 17 0 0 0 74 17 10
2019 Indigenous 55 28 8 3 3 4 0 86 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 28 8 6 2 0 0 85 8 650
2019 First Nation 44 31 18 6 0 0 0 76 6 15
2019 Métis 67 27 0 0 6 0 0 94 6 15

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 44 41 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 28 7 4 3 0 0 86 7 480
2024 Métis 53 37 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Indigenous 46 46 3 0 5 0 0 93 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 68 23 3 3 2 0 0 92 5 550
2022 Métis 62 38 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indigenous 63 37 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 31 5 4 1 0 0 90 4 540
2019 Indigenous 54 35 8 3 0 0 0 89 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 34 3 5 1 0 0 90 6 650
2019 First Nation 35 47 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 15
2019 Métis 66 28 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 37 19 5 0 0 0 76 5 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 51 34 7 4 2 1 0 86 6 480
2024 Métis 31 50 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 10
2022 Indigenous 46 30 15 4 5 0 0 76 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 30 6 4 2 1 0 88 6 550
2022 Métis 63 19 12 7 0 0 0 82 7 15
2020 Indigenous 54 41 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 36 6 5 1 1 0 87 6 540
2020 First Nation 69 21 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2020 Métis 46 54 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 47 37 10 3 0 4 0 87 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 37 9 3 1 1 0 87 4 650
2019 First Nation 41 45 8 6 0 0 0 86 6 15
2019 Métis 55 33 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 15

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 42 16 9 14 5 0 60 24 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 37 14 7 6 2 0 72 13 475
2024 Métis 12 48 12 9 9 11 0 67 19 10
2022 Indigenous 35 34 11 8 5 8 0 75 14 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 36 8 4 4 3 0 83 9 555
2022 Métis 43 38 13 0 0 7 0 86 0 15
2020 Indigenous 48 19 9 10 9 5 0 70 20 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 36 9 6 3 1 0 82 9 540
2019 Indigenous 50 39 7 3 0 0 0 90 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 36 10 4 2 1 0 84 6 645
2019 First Nation 50 41 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2019 Métis 54 40 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 33 48 5 9 0 5 0 85 9 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 40 12 7 3 5 0 78 10 480
2024 Métis 52 29 11 9 0 0 0 81 9 10
2022 Indigenous 28 43 20 5 0 5 0 74 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 36 10 4 1 5 0 84 6 555
2022 Métis 30 48 14 8 0 0 0 78 8 15
2020 Indigenous 50 36 4 5 4 0 0 86 10 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 35 8 4 1 2 0 87 5 540
2020 First Nation 40 39 0 11 10 0 0 79 21 10
2020 Métis 65 26 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 Indigenous 63 29 0 3 0 4 0 97 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 33 8 1 0 2 1 90 2 650
2019 First Nation 60 29 0 0 0 11 0 100 0 15
2019 Métis 63 30 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 44 27 20 5 4 0 0 71 9 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 37 8 10 5 0 0 78 15 475
2024 Métis 40 39 12 0 9 0 0 79 9 10
2022 Indigenous 43 45 4 0 8 0 0 88 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 33 4 4 2 0 0 90 6 555
2022 Métis 42 52 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2020 Indigenous 55 27 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 31 7 2 1 0 0 90 3 540
2020 First Nation 60 19 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 10
2020 Métis 56 26 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 59 30 0 7 0 4 0 93 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 63 28 5 2 1 0 0 92 3 650
2019 First Nation 57 36 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2019 Métis 59 27 0 6 0 8 0 93 7 15

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 48 10 9 8 0 0 72 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 28 8 8 5 7 6 77 14 480
2024 Métis 22 41 11 9 18 0 0 62 27 10
2022 Indigenous 30 28 11 10 8 9 4 66 21 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 25 8 5 4 8 7 80 10 555
2022 Métis 20 27 13 13 6 16 6 60 24 15

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 35 18 8 10 0 0 64 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 26 9 7 4 8 6 76 13 480
2024 Métis 31 23 19 17 10 0 0 54 27 10
2022 Indigenous 31 31 16 7 7 4 4 66 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 25 8 6 3 8 6 80 11 555
2022 Métis 26 27 22 13 0 7 6 61 14 15

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 32 19 14 0 10 0 64 16 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 24 20 6 2 18 2 65 10 480
2024 Métis 24 37 9 20 0 11 0 68 22 10
2022 Indigenous 20 28 34 5 4 4 5 53 10 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 28 17 4 3 13 1 72 8 555
2022 Métis 18 33 32 0 8 0 9 56 8 15
2020 Indigenous 59 27 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 36 10 4 2 3 0 84 6 540
2020 First Nation 60 29 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2020 Métis 65 17 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 48 9 10 9 0 0 72 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 30 6 8 5 7 5 78 15 475
2024 Métis 22 51 9 0 19 0 0 72 19 10
2022 Indigenous 26 30 16 7 8 13 0 64 18 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 31 7 4 6 6 3 82 11 550
2022 Métis 32 27 13 6 0 22 0 76 8 15
2020 Indigenous 55 13 14 9 9 0 0 68 18 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 49 30 8 7 3 1 2 82 10 540
2020 First Nation 59 0 21 20 0 0 0 59 20 10
2020 Métis 47 27 9 0 17 0 0 74 17 10

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 10 23 9 4 14 40 0 55 30 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 19 21 4 5 39 4 50 14 475
2024 Métis 12 10 9 9 9 53 0 45 36 10
2022 Indigenous 7 8 31 10 4 40 0 25 23 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 19 19 2 3 39 5 58 9 550
2022 Métis 0 0 47 6 7 40 0 0 22 15

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 8 25 19 31 10 8 9 60 10

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 26 31 10 20 4 5 4 63 26 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 27 14 8 8 7 8 65 19 480
2024 Métis 34 29 11 9 9 0 9 69 19 10
2022 Indigenous 30 35 7 7 8 4 8 74 18 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 28 16 5 4 11 10 68 12 550
2022 Métis 35 21 12 6 7 6 13 69 16 15
2020 Indigenous 32 22 19 13 4 4 5 60 19 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 29 36 13 7 3 6 5 73 12 540
2020 First Nation 28 10 33 10 0 10 10 47 12 10
2020 Métis 40 25 9 17 9 0 0 65 26 10
2019 Indigenous 33 49 6 3 3 3 3 86 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 32 14 6 5 6 4 72 12 650
2019 First Nation 35 51 6 8 0 0 0 86 8 15
2019 Métis 33 51 0 0 6 5 5 93 7 15

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 37 10 14 4 0 0 72 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 41 11 3 4 1 0 81 7 475
2024 Métis 53 17 11 11 9 0 0 70 19 10
2022 Indigenous 39 33 19 0 5 4 0 76 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 33 10 9 4 3 1 76 13 555
2022 Métis 41 27 25 0 0 7 0 73 0 15
2020 Indigenous 60 18 9 13 0 0 0 78 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 36 8 3 3 1 1 85 7 540
2020 First Nation 49 21 10 19 0 0 0 71 19 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 44 22 7 18 0 4 4 72 20 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 36 10 7 4 3 1 79 11 650
2019 First Nation 47 23 11 8 0 0 11 79 9 15
2019 Métis 44 23 5 21 0 7 0 72 23 15

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 32 15 5 14 0 0 66 19 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 43 12 4 4 1 0 81 8 475
2024 Métis 40 30 11 11 9 0 0 70 19 10
2022 Indigenous 39 28 26 7 0 0 0 67 7 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 36 16 5 3 2 0 76 8 555
2022 Métis 35 33 19 13 0 0 0 69 13 15
2020 Indigenous 64 13 18 0 4 0 0 77 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 38 11 4 1 1 0 84 5 540
2020 First Nation 60 10 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 0 9 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 30 45 15 3 3 4 0 78 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 39 15 3 2 2 0 79 5 650
2019 First Nation 21 59 12 8 0 0 0 80 8 15
2019 Métis 39 37 11 0 6 7 0 82 7 15

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 17 22 10 23 18 5 4 43 46 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 25 17 11 12 12 5 53 27 475
2024 Métis 24 18 0 20 17 11 9 53 47 10
2022 Indigenous 24 24 18 8 12 14 0 56 23 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 26 15 9 9 14 5 60 22 555
2022 Métis 29 13 27 7 12 13 0 48 22 15
2020 Indigenous 36 19 14 14 9 5 4 60 25 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 23 18 12 6 9 4 58 21 540
2020 First Nation 50 10 21 10 10 0 0 60 19 10
2020 Métis 28 28 9 9 9 9 9 68 21 10
2019 Indigenous 24 29 15 3 6 11 12 69 11 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 24 20 12 8 12 3 53 23 655
2019 First Nation 28 34 14 0 0 6 18 82 0 15
2019 Métis 23 27 17 5 11 10 7 60 19 15

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 45 0 10 19 0 0 72 28 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 48 5 10 5 0 0 80 14 480
2024 Métis 39 42 0 0 19 0 0 81 19 10
2022 Indigenous 32 53 0 6 8 0 0 85 15 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 48 3 8 3 0 0 86 11 555
2022 Métis 42 52 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2020 Indigenous 45 45 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 46 6 14 4 0 0 75 18 540
2020 First Nation 40 39 0 21 0 0 0 79 21 10
2020 Métis 54 46 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 32 10 13 9 0 0 67 22 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 31 10 11 9 0 1 69 21 475
2024 Métis 43 28 0 18 11 0 0 71 29 10
2022 Indigenous 22 59 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 34 6 7 3 0 1 83 10 550
2022 Métis 25 54 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 15
2020 Indigenous 49 33 5 13 0 0 0 82 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 41 10 12 5 0 0 73 16 540
2020 First Nation 40 31 0 29 0 0 0 71 29 10
2020 Métis 63 28 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 Indigenous 69 17 3 9 3 0 0 86 11 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 33 5 7 4 0 0 84 12 655
2019 First Nation 74 6 8 12 0 0 0 80 12 15
2019 Métis 63 26 0 6 5 0 0 89 11 15

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 38 14 14 5 0 0 68 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 37 11 7 4 0 0 78 11 480
2024 Métis 39 32 20 9 0 0 0 71 9 10
2022 Indigenous 39 41 8 8 4 0 0 80 12 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 35 4 4 2 0 1 90 6 550
2022 Métis 49 32 7 7 6 0 0 81 13 15
2020 Indigenous 53 34 9 4 0 0 0 87 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 36 10 6 4 0 0 80 10 535
2020 First Nation 59 21 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 Métis 52 40 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 Indigenous 50 33 10 3 3 0 0 83 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 33 5 3 1 0 0 90 5 650
2019 First Nation 54 28 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 15
2019 Métis 50 33 5 6 6 0 0 83 12 15

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 72 13 10 0 5 0 0 85 5 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 69 20 3 5 2 0 1 90 6 480
2024 Métis 89 0 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 55 36 0 4 5 0 0 91 9 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 25 7 6 4 0 1 83 10 475
2024 Métis 63 29 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 78 22 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 84 11 2 1 1 0 1 96 2 480
2024 Métis 71 29 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 77 11 0 7 4 0 0 89 11 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 88 9 1 1 1 0 0 97 2 555
2022 Métis 88 5 0 0 6 0 0 94 6 15
2019 Indigenous 89 6 0 0 0 0 5 100 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 87 10 1 1 0 0 0 97 2 650
2019 First Nation 75 14 0 0 0 0 11 100 0 15
2019 Métis 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 51 25 19 0 0 5 0 80 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 28 13 2 0 1 1 84 3 480
2024 Métis 43 26 20 0 0 11 0 77 0 10
2022 Indigenous 38 33 17 0 4 8 0 78 4 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 25 6 1 1 1 0 92 2 555
2022 Métis 40 32 22 0 0 7 0 77 0 15
2020 Indigenous 77 9 4 5 0 4 0 90 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 68 21 7 3 0 1 0 90 3 540
2020 First Nation 60 10 10 11 0 10 0 77 13 10
2020 Métis 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Indigenous 69 23 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 67 24 6 2 0 2 0 93 2 650
2019 First Nation 85 8 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 15
2019 Métis 62 29 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 15

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 475
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 555

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 69 40

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 40 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 71 29 40

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 40

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 40

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 40

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 40

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 52 40

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 63 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 63 37 40

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 40

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 62 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 63 40

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 40

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 35 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 40

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 66 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 62 40

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 40

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 40

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 44 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 40

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 80 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 40

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 82 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 40

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 33 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 40

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 72 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 66 40

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 82 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 40

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 40

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 87 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 40

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 40

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 40

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 40

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 79 50
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 77 40

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 40

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 40

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 40

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 40

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 40

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 40

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 40

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 40

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 69 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 40

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 40

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 55 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 40

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 40

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 44 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 67 40

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 87 45
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 40

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 11 11 6 5 41 13 51 25 475
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 12 9 2 4 43 17 64 14 550
2022 Métis 0 12 13 0 7 53 15 38 21 15
2020 Indigenous 32 9 14 10 0 27 9 63 15 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 21 15 14 4 3 34 9 64 12 540
2020 First Nation 19 10 12 21 0 29 8 47 34 10
2020 Métis 47 9 17 0 0 27 0 76 0 10
2019 Indigenous 18 17 12 3 11 28 12 57 23 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 13 16 6 4 33 9 55 18 650
2019 First Nation 26 23 14 0 8 15 14 70 11 15
2019 Métis 12 12 11 6 14 33 12 44 36 15

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 28 19 0 13 10 0 64 15 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 32 13 6 6 17 2 70 14 480
2022 Indigenous 17 53 16 0 0 8 5 82 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 35 10 4 2 15 1 80 8 555
2020 Indigenous 59 27 4 10 0 0 0 86 10 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 32 13 4 2 7 0 79 6 540
2020 First Nation 50 39 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2020 Métis 74 9 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 46 30 11 3 3 4 4 82 6 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 33 13 5 2 8 1 79 7 655
2019 First Nation 44 48 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2019 Métis 50 18 20 0 5 0 7 73 5 15

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 93 480
2024 Métis 0 100 10
2022 Indigenous 27 73 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 555
2022 Métis 33 67 15
2020 First Nation 0 100 10
2020 Métis 0 100 10

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 69 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 35

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 33 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 85 15 35

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 35

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 74 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 35

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 67 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 77 35

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 75 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 35

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 74 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 35

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 35

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 35

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 77 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 35

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 35

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 35

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 35

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 35

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 66 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 74 35

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 53 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 35

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 35

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 35

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 35

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 35

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 35

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 35

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 55 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 54 35

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 35

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 35

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 35

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 35

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 35

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 77 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 35

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 35

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 57 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 55 35

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 40 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 41 35

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 35

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 11 14 3 4 45 9 55 15 475
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 11 10 3 3 44 11 64 12 555
2020 Indigenous 36 9 19 0 5 31 0 65 7 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 21 15 13 2 3 36 9 66 9 540
2020 First Nation 28 19 23 0 0 29 0 67 0 10
2020 Métis 47 0 17 0 0 35 0 73 0 10
2019 Indigenous 18 12 14 6 3 32 15 56 17 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 13 15 3 2 38 9 63 9 655
2019 First Nation 20 6 14 0 8 33 20 55 16 15
2019 Métis 17 18 15 11 0 27 12 58 18 15

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 28 15 4 6 24 0 67 13 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 32 14 4 3 18 2 74 9 475
2022 Indigenous 17 47 18 0 5 8 5 74 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 33 10 4 2 12 1 82 7 555
2020 Indigenous 59 22 10 4 0 5 0 85 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 32 12 2 2 8 1 82 4 540
2020 First Nation 50 39 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2020 Métis 74 9 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2019 Indigenous 50 24 7 6 3 4 7 82 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 32 14 2 2 9 1 81 4 655
2019 First Nation 46 40 0 8 0 0 6 92 8 15
2019 Métis 56 12 14 5 6 0 7 73 12 15

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 63 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 73 475
2024 Métis 39 61 10
2022 Indigenous 29 71 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 555
2022 Métis 19 81 15
2020 Indigenous 18 82 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 21 79 540
2020 First Nation 19 81 10
2020 Métis 9 91 10
2019 Indigenous 24 76 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 80 655
2019 First Nation 18 82 15
2019 Métis 31 69 15

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 68 32 130
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 125

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 78 22 130
2022 Non-Indigenous 74 26 125

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 48 7 7 4 1 0 83 10 105
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 34 6 6 2 1 1 85 9 95

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 30 5 4 0 5 0 91 4 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 29 6 9 4 2 2 81 13 480
2024 Métis 70 11 0 9 0 11 0 90 10 10
2022 Indigenous 58 27 6 0 0 4 5 94 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 28 5 5 2 2 3 88 7 555
2022 Métis 63 26 5 0 0 7 0 95 0 15
2020 Indigenous 63 28 4 0 0 5 0 95 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 56 28 6 5 2 1 1 87 7 540
2020 First Nation 59 31 0 0 0 10 0 100 0 10
2020 Métis 74 17 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 38 10 4 0 0 0 86 4 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 30 5 5 4 1 1 85 10 480
2024 Métis 40 52 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2022 Indigenous 50 34 3 0 8 5 0 89 8 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 58 29 5 4 3 1 1 89 6 555
2022 Métis 47 39 0 0 5 9 0 94 6 15
2020 Indigenous 59 28 0 9 4 0 0 87 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 56 25 8 6 4 1 1 82 10 540
2020 First Nation 59 41 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 Métis 65 9 0 17 9 0 0 74 26 10

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 8 15 5 32 4 36 62 13 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 3 3 8 8 40 8 29 77 11 475
2024 Métis 0 9 11 0 39 10 31 67 15 10
2022 Indigenous 7 16 0 8 37 16 15 65 35 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 4 9 6 44 4 31 76 10 550
2022 Métis 0 14 0 13 47 7 20 81 19 15

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 45 9 10 10 0 0 71 20 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 42 18 10 7 4 1 64 18 475
2024 Métis 12 58 19 11 0 0 0 70 11 10
2022 Indigenous 24 45 7 20 4 0 0 69 24 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 40 13 7 6 4 0 73 13 555
2022 Métis 29 45 12 8 7 0 0 74 14 15
2020 Indigenous 60 32 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 49 38 7 3 1 0 0 88 4 540
2020 First Nation 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 Métis 56 27 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2019 Indigenous 33 50 10 3 3 0 0 83 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 42 8 4 1 3 0 86 5 655
2019 First Nation 38 54 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2019 Métis 31 50 12 0 6 0 0 82 6 15

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 26 20 28 16 10 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 21 40 24 6 475
2024 Métis 37 0 40 23 0 10
2022 Indigenous 8 19 46 27 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 30 37 19 5 555
2022 Métis 6 27 53 14 0 15

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 51 44 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 27 9 3 4 2 1 83 7 480
2024 Métis 70 30 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 58 33 4 0 5 0 0 91 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 25 8 3 3 2 1 86 6 555
2022 Métis 55 38 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2020 Indigenous 69 23 4 4 0 0 0 91 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 54 29 9 5 2 1 1 84 7 540
2020 First Nation 69 31 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 Métis 65 17 9 9 0 0 0 83 9 10

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 43 34 5 14 4 0 0 77 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 28 7 9 6 1 1 78 15 480
2024 Métis 40 43 0 9 9 0 0 83 17 10
2022 Indigenous 47 27 6 8 8 5 0 78 16 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 28 8 8 6 2 1 78 14 555
2022 Métis 41 32 0 13 5 9 0 80 20 15
2020 Indigenous 50 27 10 9 4 0 0 77 13 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 30 7 9 6 1 1 77 16 540
2020 First Nation 59 29 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2020 Métis 47 18 9 17 9 0 0 65 26 10

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 14 43 5 10 28 0 0 57 38 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 21 35 15 18 10 1 0 57 28 480
2024 Métis 22 40 0 11 28 0 0 61 39 10
2022 Indigenous 26 46 14 10 4 0 0 72 14 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 41 10 8 6 1 0 76 15 555
2022 Métis 32 46 9 13 0 0 0 78 13 15
2020 Indigenous 51 31 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 34 14 9 3 1 0 74 12 540
2020 First Nation 50 19 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 10
2020 Métis 57 34 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 Indigenous 36 49 8 7 0 0 0 85 7 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 42 13 7 3 3 0 77 10 655
2019 First Nation 40 41 11 8 0 0 0 81 8 15
2019 Métis 36 51 6 6 0 0 0 88 6 15

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 53 11 15 4 1 0 70 19 140
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 54 12 13 3 1 0 71 17 165
2019 Indigenous 22 58 14 6 0 0 0 80 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 48 13 9 1 2 3 75 11 170

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 28 10 4 5 0 0 52 48 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 26 16 7 12 0 4 38 62 475
2024 Métis 60 20 0 10 11 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 21 29 23 18 0 5 4 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 27 19 8 12 1 2 550
2022 Métis 31 21 15 26 0 0 7 15
2020 Indigenous 23 46 14 13 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 30 20 10 8 1 1 540
2020 First Nation 19 50 21 10 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 28 37 9 17 9 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 27 28 14 18 12 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 27 24 10 14 0 1 650
2019 First Nation 15 28 26 17 14 0 0 15
2019 Métis 39 29 6 14 12 0 0 15

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 28 30 17 10 14 0 0 28 72 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 27 22 14 15 0 2 20 80 475
2024 Métis 18 23 27 22 10 0 0 18 82 10
2022 Indigenous 12 36 32 7 7 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 27 24 15 14 0 1 550
2022 Métis 7 50 13 13 7 0 10 15
2020 Indigenous 24 21 36 14 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 22 31 21 15 10 0 0 540
2020 First Nation 22 37 21 10 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 29 9 54 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 22 36 22 17 3 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 28 29 23 11 8 0 0 655
2019 First Nation 29 34 23 8 6 0 0 15
2019 Métis 18 40 16 26 0 0 0 15

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 36 21 19 10 13 0 0 36 64 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 25 21 11 16 0 2 26 74 475
2024 Métis 20 22 30 11 17 0 0 20 80 10
2022 Indigenous 16 19 22 27 8 0 9 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 30 23 11 8 0 1 550
2022 Métis 13 26 19 20 7 0 15 15
2020 Indigenous 34 20 28 13 5 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 28 29 21 13 9 0 0 540
2019 Indigenous 47 28 12 14 0 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 32 19 9 5 1 0 650
2019 First Nation 37 37 12 14 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 51 22 12 15 0 0 0 15

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 23 39 0 19 5 0 16 84 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 18 23 16 21 1 3 21 79 475
2024 Métis 20 9 52 0 9 11 0 22 78 10
2022 Indigenous 21 23 25 11 15 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 20 22 16 17 1 1 550
2022 Métis 7 34 21 15 14 0 10 15
2020 Indigenous 27 33 9 22 9 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 25 20 15 12 1 1 535
2020 First Nation 30 29 0 21 19 0 0 10
2020 Métis 27 39 9 25 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 23 39 19 3 8 8 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 26 20 13 7 0 1 650
2019 First Nation 21 41 21 0 6 11 0 15
2019 Métis 26 41 18 6 9 0 0 15

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 12 4 4 0 5 29 69 31 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 15 9 6 7 0 13 57 43 475
2024 Métis 44 17 9 10 0 0 20 55 45 10
2022 Indigenous 35 41 8 8 3 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 19 11 7 7 0 4 550
2022 Métis 44 33 14 0 0 0 10 15
2020 Indigenous 59 13 24 0 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 22 13 7 6 1 5 540
2020 First Nation 59 10 21 0 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 54 17 28 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 52 21 8 8 0 0 11 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 21 9 4 2 0 4 650
2019 First Nation 41 20 11 8 0 0 20 15
2019 Métis 57 23 6 9 0 0 5 15

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 18 19 20 10 27 0 5 19 81 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 23 21 12 17 0 1 26 74 475
2024 Métis 18 0 23 0 49 0 11 20 80 10
2022 Indigenous 19 32 27 16 0 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 27 18 10 10 0 0 555
2022 Métis 28 30 33 0 0 0 10 15
2020 Indigenous 42 18 21 13 5 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 25 17 13 10 0 0 540
2020 First Nation 40 31 10 19 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 48 9 34 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 40 32 8 10 9 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 24 17 9 5 1 1 655
2019 First Nation 44 31 19 0 6 0 0 15
2019 Métis 40 29 0 19 12 0 0 15

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 22 14 18 10 0 5 32 68 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 26 20 14 11 0 2 26 74 475
2024 Métis 33 19 9 17 11 0 11 37 63 10
2022 Indigenous 23 23 26 23 0 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 30 18 6 8 1 1 550
2022 Métis 14 39 19 19 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 32 46 9 9 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 30 20 10 5 1 1 540
2020 First Nation 40 41 0 10 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 28 45 17 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 30 48 12 11 0 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 31 36 21 7 4 1 1 655
2019 First Nation 21 49 20 9 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 39 43 6 12 0 0 0 15

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 19 33 13 0 5 0 32 68 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 25 21 12 15 0 3 24 76 475
2024 Métis 21 11 40 28 0 0 0 21 79 10
2022 Indigenous 24 28 28 20 0 0 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 31 18 10 8 0 2 550
2022 Métis 28 27 27 18 0 0 0 15
2020 Indigenous 31 29 23 13 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 29 20 16 8 0 1 540
2020 First Nation 30 19 21 19 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 34 40 17 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 31 46 3 10 6 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 31 34 23 7 4 0 1 650
2019 First Nation 23 54 0 23 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 40 43 6 0 11 0 0 15

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 23 29 0 8 0 0 40 60 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 27 15 13 13 0 2 30 70 475
2024 Métis 42 21 20 0 17 0 0 42 58 10
2022 Indigenous 29 29 22 11 9 0 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 28 18 9 7 0 1 555
2022 Métis 37 14 27 14 8 0 0 15
2020 Indigenous 28 33 17 17 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 28 18 15 6 0 1 540
2020 First Nation 30 31 10 19 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 28 28 26 17 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 29 31 15 15 6 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 31 21 11 5 1 1 650
2019 First Nation 21 28 36 15 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 38 37 0 15 11 0 0 15

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 13 14 5 10 0 5 56 44 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 21 13 9 11 1 2 45 55 475
2024 Métis 51 20 19 0 0 0 11 57 43 10
2022 Indigenous 44 14 16 22 4 0 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 24 13 5 7 0 1 550
2022 Métis 49 19 14 18 0 0 0 15
2020 Indigenous 60 27 9 0 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 47 28 13 8 4 0 1 535
2020 First Nation 50 40 0 0 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 65 17 17 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 55 25 6 7 3 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 26 15 7 4 1 1 655
2019 First Nation 60 34 0 6 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 55 19 11 9 6 0 0 15

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 28 6 0 0 0 5 64 36 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 25 9 5 5 1 4 54 46 475
2024 Métis 68 9 12 0 0 0 11 76 24 10
2022 Indigenous 55 32 10 3 0 0 0 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 23 11 5 2 1 1 550
2022 Métis 66 22 7 5 0 0 0 15
2020 Indigenous 46 35 14 0 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 31 26 24 12 6 1 0 540
2020 First Nation 19 49 32 0 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 65 26 0 0 9 0 0 10

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 28 14 10 0 0 0 48 52 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 29 19 8 6 0 2 36 64 475
2024 Métis 60 0 18 22 0 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 31 41 12 7 3 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 27 18 9 6 0 1 550
2022 Métis 40 32 7 12 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 37 27 21 14 0 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 29 19 12 5 0 1 535
2020 First Nation 22 31 37 10 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 45 27 9 20 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 39 27 21 7 3 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 33 16 6 5 1 1 650
2019 First Nation 40 29 23 8 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 41 27 20 6 6 0 0 15

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 19 19 4 22 5 0 33 67 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 19 16 9 15 0 4 39 61 475
2024 Métis 12 22 20 9 27 11 0 13 87 10
2022 Indigenous 53 12 21 3 4 3 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 20 12 4 8 1 2 550
2022 Métis 60 13 7 0 6 5 9 15
2020 Indigenous 54 32 14 0 0 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 26 15 8 4 1 1 535
2020 First Nation 49 41 10 0 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 54 27 20 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 66 16 5 3 6 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 58 20 11 4 4 1 1 655
2019 First Nation 80 8 6 6 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 60 24 5 0 11 0 0 15

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 36 0 9 0 0 0 54 46 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 29 10 5 3 0 2 52 48 475
2024 Métis 52 38 0 11 0 0 0 52 48 10
2022 Indigenous 43 31 15 3 3 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 26 15 2 4 0 1 555
2022 Métis 54 32 5 0 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 36 23 36 4 0 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 24 33 24 10 9 0 1 540
2020 First Nation 37 32 31 0 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 28 18 45 9 0 0 0 10

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 72 19 5 0 0 0 5 75 25 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 68 13 4 2 3 0 9 76 24 475
2024 Métis 89 0 0 0 0 0 11 100 0 10

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 56 19 6 15 0 5 0 59 41 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 59 16 6 5 6 1 8 65 35 475
2024 Métis 60 9 12 9 0 11 0 67 33 10

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 67 4 14 10 0 5 0 71 29 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 72 11 4 2 5 1 6 77 23 475
2024 Métis 81 0 9 0 0 11 0 90 10 10
2022 Indigenous 68 11 4 7 4 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 78 5 5 2 3 1 6 555
2022 Métis 64 13 7 0 7 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 71 19 0 5 0 0 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 78 9 4 2 2 0 4 540
2019 Indigenous 71 14 3 5 3 0 4 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 76 10 4 4 3 1 3 655
2019 First Nation 74 18 0 0 8 0 0 15
2019 Métis 74 11 6 9 0 0 0 15

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 24 10 0 4 0 5 60 40 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 62 20 7 3 4 0 4 65 35 475
2024 Métis 71 10 0 0 9 0 11 79 21 10
2022 Indigenous 73 10 7 5 0 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 72 15 5 2 2 0 4 550
2022 Métis 73 5 13 0 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 77 10 4 4 0 0 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 67 19 9 3 1 0 2 535
2020 First Nation 79 11 0 0 0 0 10 10
2020 Métis 74 9 9 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 81 12 3 3 0 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 62 22 9 3 3 0 2 650
2019 First Nation 83 9 0 8 0 0 0 15
2019 Métis 78 16 6 0 0 0 0 15

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 63 4 10 14 4 0 5 67 33 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 61 16 8 5 7 0 4 64 36 475
2024 Métis 72 0 0 9 9 0 11 81 19 10
2022 Indigenous 48 15 16 11 4 0 5 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 72 11 5 3 5 0 3 550
2022 Métis 45 26 13 0 7 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 64 22 5 4 0 0 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 68 15 7 5 4 0 2 535
2020 First Nation 69 0 11 10 0 0 10 10
2020 Métis 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 72 12 3 11 3 0 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 64 18 8 4 3 1 2 650
2019 First Nation 72 8 6 8 6 0 0 15
2019 Métis 69 16 0 15 0 0 0 15

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 44 9 0 0 0 0 47 83 17 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 8 7 3 2 0 24 74 26 470
2024 Métis 53 0 0 0 0 0 47 100 0 10
2022 Indigenous 72 0 4 0 0 0 24 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 63 9 5 2 1 0 20 555
2022 Métis 59 0 7 0 0 0 34 15
2020 Indigenous 60 13 0 0 0 0 27 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 61 11 6 2 0 0 20 540
2020 First Nation 90 0 0 0 0 0 10 10
2020 Métis 39 25 0 0 0 0 35 10
2019 Indigenous 60 8 6 3 0 0 23 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 11 4 2 1 0 23 645
2019 First Nation 63 0 14 0 0 0 23 15
2019 Métis 61 16 0 6 0 0 17 15

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 19 10 5 4 0 5 60 40 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 70 15 5 1 1 0 7 76 24 475
2024 Métis 60 21 0 0 9 0 11 67 33 10
2022 Indigenous 80 4 3 0 0 0 13 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 74 12 5 1 2 0 7 550
2022 Métis 78 7 0 0 0 0 16 15
2020 Indigenous 74 22 0 0 0 0 4 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 75 15 4 1 1 0 4 540
2020 First Nation 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 57 35 0 0 0 0 9 10
2019 Indigenous 73 20 4 0 0 0 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 73 14 6 2 0 0 5 650
2019 First Nation 78 14 0 0 0 0 8 15
2019 Métis 73 27 0 0 0 0 0 15

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 19 9 0 5 5 0 64 36 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 63 17 8 2 5 0 5 66 34 475
2024 Métis 69 11 10 0 0 11 0 77 23 10
2022 Indigenous 80 8 0 3 0 0 9 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 76 11 3 2 2 1 5 550
2022 Métis 91 0 0 0 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 83 9 4 0 4 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 72 14 7 3 1 1 2 535
2020 First Nation 81 0 10 0 10 0 0 10
2020 Métis 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 81 3 13 0 0 0 3 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 79 10 3 1 2 1 3 650
2019 First Nation 86 0 6 0 0 0 8 15
2019 Métis 82 5 13 0 0 0 0 15

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 28 10 0 5 0 5 55 45 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 26 11 7 6 0 4 48 52 475
2024 Métis 48 20 21 0 0 0 11 54 46 10
2022 Indigenous 42 27 15 7 0 0 9 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 25 14 6 3 0 2 550
2022 Métis 59 13 12 7 0 0 9 15
2020 Indigenous 52 27 8 9 5 0 0 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 28 16 5 5 1 1 540
2020 First Nation 52 20 18 10 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 56 35 0 9 0 0 0 10
2019 Indigenous 62 18 7 7 3 4 0 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 26 16 4 2 0 1 650
2019 First Nation 63 21 0 9 6 0 0 15
2019 Métis 65 17 12 6 0 0 0 15

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 14 30 29 19 9 0 0 44 28 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 31 32 17 10 0 0 40 27 480
2024 Métis 0 21 52 18 9 0 0 21 27 10
2022 Indigenous 17 35 38 10 0 0 0 52 10 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 34 36 14 7 1 0 43 21 555
2022 Métis 7 42 45 7 0 0 0 49 7 15
2020 Indigenous 14 23 50 9 4 0 0 36 14 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 15 31 35 14 5 0 0 46 19 540
2020 First Nation 18 11 51 10 10 0 0 30 19 10
2020 Métis 11 35 54 0 0 0 0 46 0 10
2019 Indigenous 27 28 35 10 0 0 0 55 10 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 36 32 9 2 1 0 56 12 655
2019 First Nation 32 34 26 8 0 0 0 66 8 15
2019 Métis 25 18 44 13 0 0 0 43 13 15

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 14 33 33 11 9 0 0 20 47 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 26 33 16 10 0 0 25 41 480
2024 Métis 9 41 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 10
2022 Indigenous 0 20 42 26 12 0 0 38 20 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 17 38 25 11 0 0 37 25 555
2022 Métis 0 25 36 32 7 0 0 39 25 15
2020 Indigenous 14 23 32 27 5 0 0 31 37 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 11 18 34 24 13 0 0 37 29 540
2020 First Nation 10 10 43 28 10 0 0 38 19 10
2020 Métis 9 37 26 28 0 0 0 28 46 10
2019 Indigenous 3 18 41 23 15 0 0 38 22 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 6 15 40 22 16 1 0 38 22 655
2019 First Nation 0 15 37 32 15 0 0 47 15 15
2019 Métis 6 22 39 17 16 0 0 33 28 15
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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 20 66 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 64 480
2024 Métis 10 80 10
2022 Indigenous 30 43 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 54 555
2022 Métis 46 36 15
2020 Indigenous 45 42 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 50 540
2020 First Nation 51 41 10
2020 Métis 34 48 10

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 66 130
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 68 175

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 28 10 10 9 0 10 36 64 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 17 9 8 9 1 20 47 53 475
2024 Métis 60 21 0 11 9 0 0 60 40 10
2022 Indigenous 40 23 11 6 4 3 13 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 16 13 7 9 2 18 555
2022 Métis 41 13 14 6 6 5 14 15
2020 Indigenous 46 23 18 9 0 0 5 20
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 19 17 12 7 2 9 540
2020 First Nation 52 29 10 10 0 0 0 10
2020 Métis 35 20 28 9 0 0 9 10
2019 Indigenous 15 22 19 18 9 4 12 30
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 16 16 13 14 1 7 640
2019 First Nation 14 31 14 12 0 9 20 15
2019 Métis 17 10 25 24 17 0 7 15

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 22 18 9 29 2 4 40 41 130
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 22 21 16 26 2 4 33 44 175

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 4 17 14 10 47 1 7 23 62 130
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 14 12 25 39 4 3 20 68 175
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