2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canadian Heritage by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Table of contents

Top of page

Employee engagement

Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 22 46 23 7 1 0 0 69 8 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 43 15 7 4 0 0 74 11 990
2024 First Nation 39 49 8 4 0 0 0 88 4 25
2024 Métis 12 46 35 8 0 0 0 58 8 25
2022 Indigenous 33 44 11 8 4 0 0 77 12 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 41 11 7 4 0 0 78 11 1180
2022 First Nation 39 43 8 4 7 0 0 82 11 35
2022 Métis 29 33 19 19 0 0 0 62 19 20
2020 Indigenous 45 34 14 7 0 0 0 79 7 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 40 8 5 2 0 0 85 7 1255
2020 First Nation 40 38 11 11 0 0 0 78 11 20
2020 Métis 44 33 19 5 0 0 0 77 5 20
2019 Indigenous 35 42 12 11 0 0 0 77 11 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 42 9 6 2 0 0 83 8 1120
2019 Métis 35 36 11 18 0 0 0 71 18 20

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 34 34 17 9 6 0 0 69 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 39 14 9 6 0 0 71 15 990
2024 First Nation 47 37 8 3 4 0 0 84 8 25
2024 Métis 29 28 23 14 6 0 0 57 20 25
2022 Indigenous 33 37 15 7 8 0 0 70 15 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 37 12 8 5 1 0 76 13 1180
2022 First Nation 45 33 8 8 7 0 0 77 15 35
2022 Métis 18 33 31 6 11 0 0 51 17 20
2020 Indigenous 43 38 5 2 12 0 0 81 14 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 38 9 6 3 0 0 82 9 1255
2020 First Nation 34 45 0 0 22 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Métis 45 36 9 5 5 0 0 81 9 20
2019 Indigenous 17 44 23 9 7 0 0 61 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 40 11 6 3 0 0 80 9 1115
2019 Métis 17 41 23 13 5 0 0 59 18 20

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 38 18 1 2 0 0 80 3 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 37 12 4 2 0 0 82 5 990
2024 First Nation 68 23 5 0 4 0 0 91 4 25
2024 Métis 24 46 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 25
2022 Indigenous 43 39 11 5 3 0 0 82 7 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 36 9 5 2 0 0 85 6 1180
2022 First Nation 44 37 7 8 4 0 0 81 12 35
2022 Métis 31 49 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 20
2020 Indigenous 45 43 7 5 0 0 0 88 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 56 33 7 2 1 0 0 90 3 1255
2020 First Nation 50 34 5 11 0 0 0 84 11 20
2020 Métis 36 55 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20
2019 Indigenous 35 41 14 6 0 3 0 79 6 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 35 7 4 1 0 0 88 5 1115
2019 Métis 39 39 11 4 0 6 0 84 4 20

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 49 17 6 3 0 0 75 9 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 42 13 5 3 0 0 80 8 990
2024 First Nation 37 51 3 5 4 0 0 88 9 25
2024 Métis 15 53 26 5 0 0 0 69 5 25
2022 Indigenous 51 30 14 0 6 0 0 81 6 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 40 11 5 3 0 0 81 8 1185
2022 First Nation 52 31 10 0 7 0 0 83 7 35
2022 Métis 44 28 23 0 4 0 0 72 4 20
2020 Indigenous 52 36 7 2 2 0 0 88 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 37 8 4 1 0 0 87 6 1255
2020 First Nation 56 22 11 5 5 0 0 78 11 20
2020 Métis 44 51 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 20
2019 Indigenous 37 39 16 8 0 0 0 77 8 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 42 8 4 1 0 0 87 5 1120
2019 Métis 44 28 18 11 0 0 0 72 11 20

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 28 25 6 3 0 0 66 9 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 33 13 8 6 1 0 72 15 990
2024 First Nation 52 18 27 3 0 0 0 70 3 25
2024 Métis 29 40 19 6 6 0 0 69 12 25
2022 Indigenous 33 41 10 9 7 0 0 74 16 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 31 13 9 3 1 0 75 12 1180
2022 First Nation 31 37 11 9 12 0 0 68 21 35
2022 Métis 29 55 4 12 0 0 0 84 12 20
2020 Indigenous 52 27 10 5 0 7 0 84 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 62 25 8 3 2 0 0 88 5 1255
2020 First Nation 40 28 16 11 0 6 0 71 11 20
2020 Métis 58 28 5 0 0 9 0 95 0 20
2019 Indigenous 56 30 7 0 7 0 0 86 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 30 9 2 1 0 0 88 3 1115
2019 Métis 61 30 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 22 26 12 3 0 0 59 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 37 12 9 6 0 0 73 15 990
2024 First Nation 49 18 25 8 0 0 0 67 8 25
2024 Métis 29 30 26 10 6 0 0 58 16 25
2022 Indigenous 30 48 5 9 9 0 0 78 17 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 33 14 9 4 0 0 73 13 1180
2022 First Nation 28 44 8 8 12 0 0 72 20 35
2022 Métis 25 59 0 11 4 0 0 84 16 20
2020 Indigenous 52 31 12 2 0 2 0 85 2 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 28 7 3 2 0 0 87 5 1250
2020 First Nation 50 28 11 5 0 6 0 83 6 20
2020 Métis 50 36 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 20
2019 Indigenous 56 28 9 2 5 0 0 84 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 33 8 4 2 0 0 87 5 1110
2019 Métis 61 30 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 22 24 28 23 4 0 0 45 27 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 26 16 7 6 4 1 69 14 990
2024 First Nation 33 17 20 30 0 0 0 50 30 25
2024 Métis 12 32 29 21 6 0 0 44 27 25
2022 Indigenous 39 29 13 9 8 0 2 69 18 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 23 17 9 5 4 0 68 14 1180
2022 First Nation 39 22 10 15 11 0 3 63 27 35
2022 Métis 33 41 21 0 4 0 0 74 4 20
2020 Indigenous 47 27 16 5 5 0 0 74 10 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 56 22 11 5 2 3 1 81 7 1260
2020 First Nation 39 22 17 11 11 0 0 62 22 20
2020 Métis 50 33 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 20
2019 Indigenous 32 18 22 19 5 5 0 52 24 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 24 11 7 3 3 0 79 10 1120
2019 Métis 46 26 11 9 0 9 0 79 9 20
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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 58 24 7 2 0 0 9 90 2 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 28 9 2 2 1 4 86 4 990
2024 First Nation 64 24 8 4 0 0 0 88 4 25
2024 Métis 53 25 8 0 0 0 14 90 0 25
2022 Indigenous 58 32 4 3 0 3 0 92 3 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 29 10 4 2 1 4 84 6 1185
2022 First Nation 64 27 2 2 0 4 0 95 2 35
2022 Métis 42 38 9 11 0 0 0 80 11 15
2020 Indigenous 62 23 7 2 0 0 5 90 2 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 61 23 9 2 1 1 3 87 4 1265
2020 First Nation 67 22 5 0 0 0 5 94 0 20
2020 Métis 55 27 9 5 0 0 5 85 5 20
2019 Indigenous 57 20 13 6 2 0 2 78 9 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 28 10 4 2 1 3 84 6 1120
2019 Métis 50 25 16 4 0 0 5 79 4 20

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 71 19 5 2 2 0 2 91 4 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 30 7 4 2 0 1 86 7 990
2024 First Nation 76 19 0 0 4 0 0 96 4 20
2024 Métis 68 20 9 0 0 0 3 91 0 25
2022 Indigenous 53 26 7 7 6 2 0 80 13 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 30 9 5 2 0 1 84 7 1180
2022 First Nation 55 24 0 11 7 3 0 81 19 35
2022 Métis 41 33 21 0 5 0 0 74 5 20
2020 Indigenous 51 29 10 5 2 2 2 83 7 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 61 27 6 5 2 0 0 88 6 1260
2020 First Nation 51 22 16 11 0 0 0 73 11 20
2020 Métis 45 37 5 0 5 5 3 90 5 20
2019 Indigenous 57 23 11 2 6 0 0 81 8 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 33 8 6 2 0 1 84 8 1120
2019 Métis 55 16 22 0 6 0 0 71 6 20

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 20 4 1 4 0 2 91 5 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 28 7 4 3 1 0 85 7 990
2024 First Nation 65 24 3 3 4 0 0 89 8 25
2024 Métis 72 20 5 0 0 0 4 95 0 25
2022 Indigenous 54 28 7 4 6 0 0 83 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 28 8 5 3 0 0 85 7 1180
2022 First Nation 60 23 5 5 7 0 0 83 12 35
2022 Métis 40 34 13 9 5 0 0 74 14 20
2020 Indigenous 62 27 2 4 5 0 0 89 9 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 22 7 5 1 0 0 87 6 1260
2020 First Nation 45 44 0 5 5 0 0 89 11 20
2020 Métis 73 14 5 3 5 0 0 87 8 20
2019 Indigenous 62 21 4 8 5 0 0 83 13 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 28 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 1120
2019 Métis 55 20 9 11 5 0 0 75 16 20

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 28 13 11 5 13 0 66 18 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 32 15 8 7 9 0 66 17 990
2024 First Nation 43 37 7 13 0 0 0 80 13 25
2024 Métis 22 22 13 12 7 25 0 58 25 25
2022 Indigenous 28 38 16 13 4 0 0 66 18 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 32 15 8 4 8 0 71 13 1185
2022 First Nation 31 33 15 14 7 0 0 65 21 35
2022 Métis 18 53 18 11 0 0 0 71 11 20
2020 Indigenous 31 51 7 5 0 5 2 87 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 30 8 4 2 8 0 84 6 1260
2020 First Nation 23 55 6 11 0 5 0 83 12 20
2020 Métis 31 51 9 0 0 5 3 90 0 20
2019 Indigenous 35 33 0 11 2 19 0 84 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 40 13 6 2 6 0 78 8 1110
2019 Métis 32 44 0 4 0 20 0 95 5 20

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 19 24 9 11 9 0 51 22 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 31 17 15 11 3 0 56 27 990
2024 First Nation 38 22 23 9 8 0 0 59 18 25
2024 Métis 22 18 24 7 12 17 0 49 23 25
2022 Indigenous 28 32 16 14 10 0 0 60 24 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 30 19 13 8 3 0 58 23 1180
2022 First Nation 31 25 15 18 11 0 0 56 29 35
2022 Métis 18 44 23 4 11 0 0 62 15 20
2020 Indigenous 38 43 7 7 2 2 0 83 10 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 35 10 7 3 2 0 80 9 1260
2020 First Nation 23 55 5 11 6 0 0 78 17 20
2020 Métis 45 36 10 5 0 5 0 85 5 20
2019 Indigenous 31 33 13 11 2 10 0 71 15 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 41 17 7 3 2 0 72 11 1110
2019 Métis 28 35 21 4 0 11 0 72 5 20

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 14 21 18 10 13 0 43 32 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 27 21 17 12 5 0 47 31 990
2024 First Nation 33 12 22 20 9 4 0 47 30 25
2024 Métis 18 15 21 18 7 21 0 42 31 25
2022 Indigenous 20 30 18 13 15 4 0 53 29 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 27 21 17 11 6 0 48 30 1180
2022 First Nation 24 27 10 21 18 0 0 51 39 35
2022 Métis 18 40 27 0 11 4 0 60 12 20
2020 Indigenous 21 45 19 2 5 5 3 71 8 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 36 13 9 3 5 0 73 13 1260
2020 First Nation 17 44 22 0 11 0 6 65 12 20
2020 Métis 17 50 19 5 0 9 0 74 5 20
2019 Indigenous 24 28 18 7 5 18 0 65 14 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 39 20 9 4 6 0 65 14 1105
2019 Métis 24 35 17 0 0 24 0 78 0 20

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 31 27 15 8 3 0 48 24 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 31 19 16 12 3 0 52 29 990
2024 First Nation 28 29 31 7 4 0 0 57 12 25
2024 Métis 6 35 25 18 9 6 0 44 29 25
2022 Indigenous 23 31 15 21 10 0 0 54 30 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 31 17 18 10 3 0 53 29 1185
2022 First Nation 24 25 12 26 13 0 0 49 39 35
2022 Métis 18 33 24 21 4 0 0 51 25 20
2020 Indigenous 31 42 10 12 2 2 0 75 15 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 39 13 9 4 2 0 73 13 1260
2020 First Nation 29 27 22 16 6 0 0 56 22 20
2020 Métis 31 55 0 9 0 5 0 90 10 20
2019 Indigenous 29 32 19 11 2 7 0 65 15 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 40 18 13 5 3 0 63 18 1115
2019 Métis 19 40 23 13 0 5 0 62 13 20
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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 37 21 9 4 0 0 66 13 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 38 14 10 5 0 0 71 15 990
2024 First Nation 32 44 16 8 0 0 0 76 8 25
2024 Métis 26 29 28 12 5 0 0 55 17 25
2022 Indigenous 37 38 10 6 9 0 0 75 15 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 38 12 7 5 0 0 75 13 1180
2022 First Nation 46 29 8 5 12 0 0 74 17 35
2022 Métis 28 44 15 10 4 0 0 72 14 20
2020 Indigenous 36 45 5 2 10 0 2 83 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 39 9 6 2 0 0 82 9 1260
2020 First Nation 34 39 5 5 17 0 0 73 22 20
2020 Métis 31 55 5 0 5 0 5 90 5 20
2019 Indigenous 26 38 21 11 4 0 0 64 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 40 10 8 3 0 0 78 11 1120
2019 Métis 22 34 22 13 9 0 0 56 22 20

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 26 61 9 1 2 0 0 88 3 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 43 10 7 3 0 0 80 10 990
2024 First Nation 31 57 8 0 4 0 0 88 4 25
2024 Métis 22 70 6 3 0 0 0 91 3 25
2022 Indigenous 30 49 5 12 4 0 0 79 16 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 44 10 7 4 0 0 79 11 1180
2022 First Nation 36 37 5 15 7 0 0 73 22 35
2022 Métis 20 67 5 9 0 0 0 87 9 20
2020 Indigenous 40 43 7 7 2 0 0 83 10 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 43 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 1250
2020 First Nation 33 40 11 11 6 0 0 73 16 20
2020 Métis 41 50 5 5 0 0 0 91 5 20
2019 Indigenous 22 53 20 4 0 0 0 75 4 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 45 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 1115
2019 Métis 31 46 23 0 0 0 0 77 0 20

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 32 11 1 2 0 0 86 3 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 35 8 5 3 0 0 84 8 990
2024 First Nation 56 29 7 4 4 0 0 86 8 25
2024 Métis 50 38 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 25
2022 Indigenous 54 30 2 7 5 3 0 86 12 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 34 10 7 3 0 0 80 10 1185
2022 First Nation 53 33 3 3 5 4 0 89 8 35
2022 Métis 49 29 0 17 5 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Indigenous 44 34 10 7 5 0 0 78 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 54 31 8 5 2 0 0 86 6 1260
2020 First Nation 36 35 18 6 6 0 0 71 11 15
2020 Métis 45 37 5 8 5 0 0 82 13 20
2019 Indigenous 46 30 12 9 2 0 0 77 11 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 33 10 8 2 1 1 80 10 1120
2019 Métis 42 25 20 8 5 0 0 68 13 20

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 16 57 13 11 3 0 0 74 14 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 43 14 11 4 0 0 70 16 990
2024 First Nation 27 41 20 8 3 0 0 68 12 25
2024 Métis 9 70 9 8 3 0 0 79 11 25
2022 Indigenous 27 44 14 12 3 0 0 71 15 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 40 14 10 4 0 1 72 14 1180
2022 First Nation 28 40 10 17 4 0 0 68 22 35
2022 Métis 25 59 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 20
2020 Indigenous 39 25 15 7 7 0 7 69 15 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 41 10 7 2 0 1 81 9 1250
2020 First Nation 39 18 22 5 11 0 5 60 17 20
2020 Métis 33 35 10 10 4 0 10 74 15 20
2019 Indigenous 36 36 16 9 0 0 3 75 9 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 41 11 7 3 0 1 80 10 1115
2019 Métis 31 41 18 4 0 0 6 77 4 20

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 70 13 6 3 3 4 1 87 6 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 57 25 8 4 4 1 1 84 8 990
2024 First Nation 75 10 4 0 8 0 3 88 8 25
2024 Métis 66 15 10 6 0 4 0 84 6 25
2022 Indigenous 58 26 9 3 0 3 1 87 3 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 27 10 5 2 1 2 82 8 1180
2022 First Nation 60 18 13 5 0 4 0 81 5 35
2022 Métis 50 41 4 0 0 0 5 95 0 20
2020 Indigenous 48 29 12 10 2 0 0 77 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 60 22 10 3 2 2 1 84 5 1260
2020 First Nation 45 27 11 16 0 0 0 73 16 20
2020 Métis 45 32 13 5 5 0 0 78 9 20

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 33 25 14 1 2 0 59 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 33 24 12 10 4 0 52 23 990
2024 First Nation 42 23 18 13 3 0 0 65 17 25
2024 Métis 12 43 28 14 0 4 0 56 14 25
2022 Indigenous 17 33 16 16 10 6 2 55 28 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 35 21 12 8 4 0 57 21 1185
2022 First Nation 18 23 14 21 14 8 3 46 39 35
2022 Métis 10 45 29 9 4 4 0 57 13 20
2020 Indigenous 21 32 23 7 7 5 5 58 16 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 31 36 17 9 4 3 0 69 14 1255
2020 First Nation 6 45 16 11 11 6 6 57 24 20
2020 Métis 27 23 31 5 5 5 5 55 11 20
2019 Indigenous 24 33 18 11 4 6 3 63 17 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 37 16 13 6 2 0 65 19 1115
2019 Métis 24 35 21 13 0 0 6 63 14 20

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 33 15 8 8 1 5 32 68 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 23 15 8 8 1 5 43 57 985
2024 First Nation 32 33 14 8 9 4 0 33 67 25
2024 Métis 29 36 17 2 6 0 10 32 68 25
2022 Indigenous 32 34 19 4 8 1 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 24 15 6 5 1 5 1185
2022 First Nation 38 34 10 5 13 0 0 35
2022 Métis 28 28 31 4 0 4 5 20
2020 Indigenous 50 19 12 14 3 2 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 21 13 7 4 1 4 1260
2020 First Nation 34 22 22 16 6 0 0 20
2020 Métis 59 19 5 13 0 5 0 20
2019 Indigenous 43 22 14 11 0 0 10 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 55 23 12 3 3 0 3 1120
2019 Métis 37 31 19 12 0 0 0 20

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 5 3 15 5 5 21 61 39 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 57 10 8 3 3 2 18 70 30 990
2024 First Nation 46 5 8 11 5 4 22 62 38 25
2024 Métis 46 7 0 20 7 0 21 58 42 25

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 55 10 16 3 6 7 4 62 38 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 64 10 7 2 3 4 9 75 25 990
2024 First Nation 79 3 0 4 9 5 0 83 17 25
2024 Métis 46 16 26 2 0 3 7 51 49 25
2022 Indigenous 66 11 9 5 4 0 5 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 70 9 5 2 2 4 7 1185
2022 First Nation 72 2 13 5 7 0 0 35
2022 Métis 47 35 0 5 0 0 14 20
2020 Indigenous 66 10 12 3 5 5 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 80 7 2 2 2 3 5 1255
2020 First Nation 56 11 16 6 5 5 0 20
2020 Métis 71 10 10 0 5 5 0 20
2019 Indigenous 73 7 4 2 2 4 6 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 77 8 3 2 2 3 5 1115
2019 Métis 69 9 4 5 0 9 5 20

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 7 13 5 3 2 9 69 31 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 9 4 2 2 3 15 80 20 990
2024 First Nation 82 7 4 0 0 0 7 88 12 25
2024 Métis 50 9 21 5 3 0 12 57 43 25

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 56 9 19 3 3 3 7 62 38 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 59 12 7 3 3 3 13 70 30 990
2024 First Nation 72 7 9 3 0 0 8 78 22 25
2024 Métis 47 9 29 3 3 3 7 52 48 25

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 30 14 16 13 19 0 47 36 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 30 14 17 14 4 3 52 33 990
2024 First Nation 18 37 12 19 8 8 0 59 28 25
2024 Métis 3 27 18 17 14 20 0 39 39 25
2022 Indigenous 12 33 16 22 11 4 1 48 35 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 34 14 14 12 4 3 56 29 1185
2022 First Nation 15 38 15 17 10 4 0 56 29 35
2022 Métis 10 36 9 23 14 4 4 50 40 20
2020 Indigenous 26 29 12 11 15 5 3 59 28 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 31 15 13 9 3 3 61 23 1260
2020 First Nation 6 39 21 5 17 6 6 51 25 20
2020 Métis 41 18 5 18 14 5 0 62 33 20
2019 Indigenous 13 28 20 7 20 4 7 47 30 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 31 17 15 11 3 2 55 28 1120
2019 Métis 22 27 23 4 18 0 6 52 23 20

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 39 19 13 4 0 0 63 17 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 43 11 10 7 0 0 71 17 990
2024 First Nation 42 39 11 3 4 0 0 81 7 25
2024 Métis 11 39 25 20 5 0 0 50 25 25
2022 Indigenous 34 34 13 13 6 0 0 68 19 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 38 14 9 5 0 0 71 15 1185
2022 First Nation 38 38 10 7 7 0 0 76 14 35
2022 Métis 25 19 23 28 4 0 0 45 32 15
2020 Indigenous 39 35 12 12 2 0 0 74 14 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 40 11 6 3 0 0 80 9 1255
2020 First Nation 39 34 6 22 0 0 0 73 22 20
2020 Métis 33 39 20 4 5 0 0 72 9 20
2019 Indigenous 28 34 18 9 7 3 0 65 17 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 40 13 8 3 0 0 76 11 1115
2019 Métis 31 34 15 9 5 6 0 70 14 20

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 31 23 4 2 0 0 71 6 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 37 13 9 5 0 0 72 15 990
2024 First Nation 44 34 17 0 4 0 0 78 4 25
2024 Métis 35 28 32 6 0 0 0 62 6 25
2022 Indigenous 27 39 12 16 6 0 0 66 22 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 35 14 8 4 0 1 74 12 1185
2022 First Nation 32 43 7 11 7 0 0 75 18 35
2022 Métis 23 24 24 24 5 0 0 47 29 20
2020 Indigenous 40 41 10 7 2 0 0 81 9 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 47 34 10 6 3 0 0 82 8 1260
2020 First Nation 39 39 11 11 0 0 0 78 11 20
2020 Métis 36 46 9 3 5 0 0 82 8 20
2019 Indigenous 30 42 16 9 2 0 0 72 12 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 37 12 7 3 0 0 78 10 1115
2019 Métis 31 40 15 9 4 0 0 71 13 20

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 53 9 6 2 0 0 84 8 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 43 12 7 4 0 1 76 11 990
2024 First Nation 39 32 12 12 4 0 0 72 16 25
2024 Métis 22 68 8 3 0 0 0 89 3 25
2022 Indigenous 36 43 11 6 4 0 0 78 11 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 37 13 10 4 0 0 74 13 1185
2022 First Nation 37 40 8 8 7 0 0 77 15 35
2022 Métis 32 45 19 4 0 0 0 76 4 20
2020 Indigenous 35 45 5 12 2 0 0 81 14 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 43 9 5 2 0 0 84 6 1255
2020 First Nation 36 47 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 15
2020 Métis 29 48 10 8 5 0 0 77 13 20
2019 Indigenous 30 39 22 6 2 0 0 70 8 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 42 10 5 2 0 1 82 7 1105
2019 Métis 31 32 26 6 5 0 0 63 11 20

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 10 48 24 10 5 4 0 60 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 41 18 9 6 5 0 66 15 990
2024 First Nation 13 55 18 9 5 0 0 68 14 25
2024 Métis 10 48 23 12 3 4 0 61 15 25
2022 Indigenous 20 33 17 20 8 3 0 55 28 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 45 17 9 5 5 0 68 14 1185
2022 First Nation 25 25 20 18 7 5 0 52 26 35
2022 Métis 5 49 9 27 10 0 0 54 36 20
2020 Indigenous 31 37 15 7 7 2 0 70 15 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 31 44 15 4 2 3 1 78 6 1260
2020 First Nation 22 45 16 11 6 0 0 67 16 20
2020 Métis 33 34 15 5 10 4 0 69 15 20
2019 Indigenous 19 52 17 2 2 8 0 76 5 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 24 47 16 7 2 4 0 74 9 1115
2019 Métis 9 63 12 0 0 16 0 85 0 20

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 43 23 10 13 12 0 0 65 24 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 33 11 10 11 0 0 68 21 990
2024 First Nation 37 32 16 11 5 0 0 68 16 25
2024 Métis 48 18 8 8 18 0 0 66 26 25
2022 Indigenous 45 29 12 9 5 0 0 74 14 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 33 10 7 6 0 0 77 13 1180
2022 First Nation 49 24 13 10 4 0 0 73 14 35
2022 Métis 38 37 9 9 7 0 0 75 16 20
2020 Indigenous 57 24 5 12 2 0 0 81 14 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 32 9 5 3 0 0 83 8 1255
2020 First Nation 40 33 5 16 6 0 0 73 22 20
2020 Métis 67 19 5 9 0 0 0 86 9 20
2019 Indigenous 49 27 17 5 2 0 0 75 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 33 5 5 2 0 1 87 7 1115
2019 Métis 35 35 21 5 5 0 0 70 9 20

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 42 29 18 5 6 0 0 71 11 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 34 17 7 5 0 0 71 12 990
2024 First Nation 21 46 23 7 4 0 0 66 10 25
2024 Métis 57 15 17 6 5 0 0 72 11 25
2022 Indigenous 37 35 10 12 6 0 0 72 18 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 35 14 9 8 0 0 69 17 1180
2022 First Nation 33 33 11 15 8 0 0 66 22 35
2022 Métis 46 35 10 5 4 0 0 81 9 20
2020 Indigenous 34 36 17 7 5 0 0 70 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 34 17 7 6 0 0 70 13 1255
2020 First Nation 24 30 17 17 12 0 0 54 29 15
2020 Métis 42 39 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 20
2019 Indigenous 45 35 14 2 4 0 0 80 6 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 33 16 7 3 0 0 74 10 1115
2019 Métis 27 52 14 4 4 0 0 78 8 20

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 72 15 4 3 2 4 0 91 4 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 64 23 5 3 3 1 1 90 5 990
2024 First Nation 71 15 3 3 4 4 0 89 8 25
2024 Métis 72 15 6 3 0 4 0 91 3 25
2022 Indigenous 60 26 9 0 3 0 1 88 3 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 23 4 2 1 1 1 92 3 1180
2022 First Nation 68 22 5 0 4 0 0 90 4 35
2022 Métis 43 33 19 0 0 0 5 80 0 20

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 20 43 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 34 30 990
2024 First Nation 44 31 25 25
2024 Métis 30 13 57 25
2022 Indigenous 58 21 21 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 31 30 1185
2022 First Nation 63 22 15 35
2022 Métis 52 24 24 20
2020 Indigenous 29 36 35 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 26 41 33 1265
2020 First Nation 45 39 16 20
2020 Métis 19 27 55 20
2019 Indigenous 27 22 51 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 34 31 1120
2019 Métis 27 31 42 20

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 4 27 33 4 25 7 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 32 32 5 6 10 350
2024 First Nation 8 8 45 0 24 16 10
2022 Indigenous 10 28 18 5 28 11 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 32 30 5 12 9 460
2022 First Nation 8 27 24 7 34 0 20
2020 Indigenous 26 25 17 16 8 8 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 36 30 3 3 9 325
2019 Indigenous 16 24 17 0 42 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 35 31 3 11 6 400
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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 33 10 1 3 0 0 86 4 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 43 9 5 2 0 0 84 7 990
2024 First Nation 61 31 4 0 4 0 0 92 4 25
2024 Métis 49 34 13 3 0 0 0 84 3 25
2022 Indigenous 36 42 3 14 4 0 0 78 19 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 41 8 5 2 0 0 85 7 1180
2022 First Nation 45 28 3 17 7 0 0 73 24 35
2022 Métis 25 57 4 13 0 0 0 83 13 20
2020 Indigenous 47 34 5 12 0 0 3 83 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 38 6 2 1 0 0 90 4 1255
2020 First Nation 39 39 0 16 0 0 6 83 17 20
2020 Métis 49 33 9 9 0 0 0 81 9 20
2019 Indigenous 26 54 17 2 0 0 0 80 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 40 8 3 1 0 0 87 4 1115
2019 Métis 26 56 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 20

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 16 52 22 6 2 2 0 70 7 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 45 17 11 5 2 0 66 16 990
2024 First Nation 22 52 18 8 0 0 0 74 8 25
2024 Métis 9 58 21 5 3 4 0 70 8 25
2022 Indigenous 20 55 15 5 5 0 0 75 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 45 16 11 5 1 0 68 16 1180
2022 First Nation 24 42 21 5 8 0 0 66 13 35
2022 Métis 18 69 8 4 0 0 0 87 4 20
2020 Indigenous 38 31 17 5 2 7 0 74 8 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 46 11 5 1 1 0 83 6 1260
2020 First Nation 22 39 17 11 6 5 0 65 17 20
2020 Métis 50 22 19 0 0 9 0 79 0 20
2019 Indigenous 38 47 7 7 2 0 0 84 9 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 29 48 15 6 1 1 0 78 7 1120
2019 Métis 46 50 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 20

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 17 46 25 2 0 2 28 26 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 27 38 13 8 0 2 22 39 985
2024 First Nation 7 33 49 12 0 0 0 12 39 25
2024 Métis 9 6 42 39 0 0 4 41 15 25
2022 Indigenous 13 25 28 19 13 0 1 32 39 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 30 35 15 6 1 2 22 42 1185
2022 First Nation 19 17 23 26 13 0 2 40 37 35
2022 Métis 5 40 35 10 10 0 0 20 45 20
2020 Indigenous 7 29 38 16 7 2 0 24 37 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 8 22 40 19 8 1 1 28 31 1265
2020 First Nation 0 33 44 11 12 0 0 22 33 20
2020 Métis 14 28 31 17 5 5 0 23 44 20
2019 Indigenous 9 25 40 16 6 3 0 24 35 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 26 37 20 7 0 1 27 35 1120
2019 Métis 5 26 49 8 5 6 0 14 33 20

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 14 23 40 12 8 2 0 21 38 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 27 33 12 5 1 3 18 48 990
2024 First Nation 21 31 32 7 3 6 0 11 55 25
2024 Métis 8 20 47 15 10 0 0 24 28 25
2022 Indigenous 19 29 27 12 13 0 0 25 48 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 28 32 12 7 0 3 19 47 1180
2022 First Nation 25 25 26 10 13 0 0 24 50 35
2022 Métis 12 37 27 19 5 0 0 24 49 20
2020 Indigenous 15 21 26 26 9 2 0 36 37 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 23 36 20 8 2 1 29 34 1260
2020 First Nation 23 22 33 11 12 0 0 22 45 20
2020 Métis 9 22 23 33 8 5 0 43 33 20
2019 Indigenous 9 28 29 21 13 0 0 34 37 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 27 34 12 7 1 2 20 45 1120
2019 Métis 9 30 43 13 5 0 0 18 39 20

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 6 15 40 23 13 0 4 37 21 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 20 36 19 11 0 2 30 34 985
2024 First Nation 3 20 51 19 6 0 0 25 24 25
2024 Métis 6 14 29 28 16 0 7 47 21 25
2022 Indigenous 18 18 27 18 14 0 5 34 38 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 23 30 22 9 0 2 32 37 1180
2022 First Nation 24 15 24 18 11 0 8 31 43 35
2022 Métis 9 23 31 14 23 0 0 36 32 20
2020 Indigenous 10 19 41 19 9 2 0 28 30 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 18 34 25 11 1 1 36 29 1250
2020 First Nation 6 27 50 11 6 0 0 17 33 20
2020 Métis 14 14 37 22 8 5 0 32 29 20
2019 Indigenous 7 21 25 34 10 3 0 45 29 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 21 36 22 10 1 1 34 30 1115
2019 Métis 5 8 31 39 11 6 0 53 14 20

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 28 17 15 3 13 4 22 57 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 25 27 14 10 1 3 25 47 990
2024 First Nation 18 35 22 13 0 11 0 15 60 25
2024 Métis 20 20 14 20 2 17 7 29 53 25
2022 Indigenous 27 20 19 18 9 0 6 29 50 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 22 26 16 10 1 4 28 45 1180
2022 First Nation 32 18 17 16 7 0 10 26 56 35
2022 Métis 22 13 33 27 4 0 0 32 35 20
2020 Indigenous 14 19 34 18 5 2 7 25 37 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 14 21 27 21 12 1 3 35 37 1260
2020 First Nation 17 27 45 5 0 0 6 6 47 20
2020 Métis 14 14 28 25 5 5 9 35 32 20
2019 Indigenous 7 30 36 18 4 3 2 24 38 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 25 26 19 11 1 3 32 41 1120
2019 Métis 9 28 49 8 0 6 0 9 39 20

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 6 22 28 18 4 16 6 28 35 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 18 27 23 15 3 4 41 30 990
2024 First Nation 7 29 36 15 6 0 6 23 38 25
2024 Métis 3 17 21 20 3 27 7 36 31 25
2022 Indigenous 13 17 28 20 11 3 8 35 34 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 16 28 23 14 4 4 40 29 1180
2022 First Nation 21 14 25 24 7 0 10 34 39 35
2022 Métis 0 18 44 11 23 0 4 35 19 20
2020 Indigenous 5 15 24 27 18 9 2 50 22 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 5 12 26 31 20 3 3 54 18 1255
2020 First Nation 6 17 38 23 12 5 0 36 23 20
2020 Métis 5 15 15 23 24 13 5 58 24 20
2019 Indigenous 5 12 28 36 15 0 5 54 17 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 19 29 26 15 2 2 42 28 1115
2019 Métis 4 18 37 26 4 0 11 34 25 20

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 12 29 27 20 4 5 2 26 45 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 22 36 15 8 2 3 24 39 985
2024 First Nation 18 31 35 10 6 0 0 16 49 25
2024 Métis 8 28 26 21 4 10 3 28 41 25
2022 Indigenous 17 23 40 10 8 0 1 18 41 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 25 34 15 7 3 2 23 41 1180
2022 First Nation 16 29 36 13 5 0 0 19 45 35
2022 Métis 17 22 50 0 5 0 4 6 42 20
2020 Indigenous 10 17 36 21 7 5 4 31 29 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 18 37 21 11 2 1 33 29 1255
2020 First Nation 6 23 44 17 6 5 0 24 30 20
2020 Métis 14 14 28 27 5 5 8 36 32 20
2019 Indigenous 11 21 44 20 0 0 3 20 34 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 12 26 36 15 8 1 2 24 39 1115
2019 Métis 18 13 37 26 0 0 6 28 32 20

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 3 15 40 26 12 0 3 40 19 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 5 13 33 30 15 1 3 47 19 990
2024 First Nation 4 13 51 21 10 0 0 31 18 25
2024 Métis 3 16 35 28 14 0 3 43 20 25
2022 Indigenous 6 11 13 53 14 0 3 69 17 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 8 30 36 19 1 3 57 12 1180
2022 First Nation 3 15 10 54 14 0 3 70 19 35
2022 Métis 7 10 22 40 16 0 4 58 18 20
2020 Indigenous 7 7 46 25 7 2 4 35 16 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 4 13 38 30 13 1 1 44 18 1260
2020 First Nation 16 5 39 33 6 0 0 39 22 20
2020 Métis 0 5 57 20 5 5 9 28 6 20
2019 Indigenous 4 13 42 24 13 0 3 38 18 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 19 36 23 12 1 1 36 28 1120
2019 Métis 4 13 45 22 9 0 6 33 18 20

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 25 21 25 4 9 0 44 32 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 31 21 20 16 3 0 41 37 990
2024 First Nation 21 26 22 28 3 0 0 46 31 25
2024 Métis 7 26 21 23 6 17 0 40 35 25
2022 Indigenous 14 25 28 14 14 4 0 41 29 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 32 19 21 12 3 0 45 35 1185
2022 First Nation 18 26 24 15 17 0 0 44 32 35
2022 Métis 10 30 32 14 11 4 0 41 26 20
2020 Indigenous 24 41 15 10 3 5 3 71 13 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 24 45 15 9 3 4 0 72 12 1255
2020 First Nation 12 35 18 23 6 0 6 50 31 15
2020 Métis 27 50 14 0 0 9 0 84 0 20
2019 Indigenous 23 33 26 11 5 2 0 58 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 42 20 14 4 3 0 61 19 1110
2019 Métis 30 28 37 4 0 0 0 58 4 20

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 24 11 5 3 0 0 81 8 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 55 29 7 5 4 1 0 84 9 985
2024 First Nation 71 23 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 25
2024 Métis 45 30 16 3 7 0 0 75 9 25
2022 Indigenous 60 22 6 4 6 2 0 84 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 26 6 5 2 0 0 87 7 1180
2022 First Nation 55 20 8 7 7 3 0 78 14 35
2022 Métis 55 36 4 0 5 0 0 91 5 20
2020 Indigenous 58 19 9 5 7 2 0 78 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 58 28 6 5 3 1 0 87 8 1255
2020 First Nation 56 22 0 11 11 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Métis 55 18 19 0 5 3 0 76 5 20
2019 Indigenous 62 22 9 0 7 0 0 84 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 54 31 6 7 3 0 0 85 10 1115
2019 Métis 55 23 18 0 5 0 0 77 5 20

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 68 18 8 3 3 0 0 86 6 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 59 31 4 5 1 0 0 90 6 985
2024 First Nation 66 18 7 0 8 0 0 85 8 25
2024 Métis 69 15 10 5 0 0 0 84 5 25
2022 Indigenous 72 18 1 6 3 0 0 90 9 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 27 4 3 1 0 0 91 4 1180
2022 First Nation 76 13 0 7 4 0 0 89 11 35
2022 Métis 58 32 4 6 0 0 0 90 6 20
2020 Indigenous 67 14 9 7 2 0 0 81 9 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 64 28 3 3 1 0 0 92 5 1250
2020 First Nation 62 17 16 5 0 0 0 79 5 20
2020 Métis 68 14 5 9 5 0 0 82 14 20
2019 Indigenous 70 21 2 5 2 0 0 91 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 29 5 6 1 0 0 88 7 1115
2019 Métis 54 37 5 5 0 0 0 91 5 20

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 66 18 10 6 0 0 0 84 6 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 32 8 5 2 1 0 85 7 985
2024 First Nation 69 15 7 9 0 0 0 85 9 25
2024 Métis 60 21 14 5 0 0 0 81 5 25
2022 Indigenous 62 19 9 7 3 0 0 81 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 32 7 3 1 0 0 88 5 1180
2022 First Nation 66 10 10 10 4 0 0 76 14 35
2022 Métis 52 34 10 4 0 0 0 86 4 20
2020 Indigenous 60 19 9 5 7 0 0 79 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 30 5 4 1 1 0 89 5 1250
2020 First Nation 67 17 0 5 11 0 0 84 16 20
2020 Métis 50 23 17 5 5 0 0 73 9 20
2019 Indigenous 54 24 9 3 7 2 0 80 11 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 34 8 4 1 0 0 88 5 1120
2019 Métis 37 30 17 6 5 4 0 70 12 20

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 50 9 7 7 3 0 76 14 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 40 14 7 5 3 0 73 13 990
2024 First Nation 23 49 12 8 9 0 0 72 16 25
2024 Métis 19 56 9 6 4 6 0 80 10 25
2022 Indigenous 25 51 4 10 6 4 0 79 17 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 40 12 8 4 2 0 76 12 1185
2022 First Nation 28 47 7 9 4 4 0 78 14 35
2022 Métis 15 56 0 15 10 4 0 74 26 20
2020 Indigenous 40 41 12 5 0 2 0 83 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 40 8 5 1 1 0 86 6 1255
2020 First Nation 29 50 16 6 0 0 0 78 6 20
2020 Métis 45 36 9 5 0 5 0 85 5 20
2019 Indigenous 46 33 18 2 0 0 0 79 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 41 9 4 1 1 0 85 6 1115
2019 Métis 48 29 22 0 0 0 0 78 0 20

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 28 21 9 3 9 0 64 13 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 42 10 6 3 7 1 79 10 990
2024 First Nation 27 48 3 14 3 4 0 79 18 25
2024 Métis 35 16 29 7 4 10 0 57 11 25
2022 Indigenous 33 46 6 7 5 3 0 81 13 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 41 10 6 2 6 0 81 8 1180
2022 First Nation 38 40 4 8 7 3 0 80 15 35
2022 Métis 20 55 5 12 4 4 0 78 17 20
2020 Indigenous 49 34 7 2 5 2 0 85 7 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 35 9 4 1 4 0 86 5 1255
2020 First Nation 34 44 5 6 11 0 0 78 17 20
2020 Métis 58 28 9 0 0 5 0 90 0 20
2019 Indigenous 53 29 14 5 0 0 0 82 5 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 37 9 2 1 2 0 88 3 1115
2019 Métis 48 34 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 20

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 34 17 5 3 0 0 75 8 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 36 9 7 4 0 0 80 11 990
2024 First Nation 55 28 12 5 0 0 0 83 5 25
2024 Métis 32 39 18 5 6 0 0 71 11 25
2022 Indigenous 43 38 10 7 3 0 0 81 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 35 8 5 2 0 0 85 7 1180
2022 First Nation 38 43 8 6 4 0 0 82 10 35
2022 Métis 51 23 14 11 0 0 0 74 11 20
2020 Indigenous 52 36 7 2 2 0 0 88 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 27 4 3 1 0 0 92 4 1260
2020 First Nation 45 28 17 5 5 0 0 73 11 20
2020 Métis 53 47 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20
2019 Indigenous 67 20 7 0 5 2 0 89 5 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 58 33 6 2 1 0 0 91 3 1115
2019 Métis 61 30 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 42 32 8 5 10 2 0 76 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 29 10 8 4 6 5 75 13 990
2024 First Nation 49 34 8 0 8 0 0 84 8 25
2024 Métis 37 37 10 10 3 3 0 76 13 25
2022 Indigenous 47 25 9 7 6 6 1 77 13 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 29 9 5 2 5 3 83 8 1180
2022 First Nation 53 21 9 5 10 2 0 76 15 35
2022 Métis 39 31 10 11 0 5 5 77 13 20

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 35 5 10 7 2 1 77 18 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 29 12 8 5 7 5 72 14 990
2024 First Nation 47 30 0 15 8 0 0 77 23 25
2024 Métis 34 41 7 9 3 3 2 80 13 25
2022 Indigenous 47 25 5 7 9 5 3 78 17 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 27 9 7 3 6 4 79 11 1180
2022 First Nation 50 25 3 7 12 0 2 77 20 35
2022 Métis 47 23 10 7 4 5 5 77 13 20

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 21 26 27 3 4 18 0 58 9 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 33 19 3 3 13 1 72 7 990
2024 First Nation 32 37 20 8 0 3 0 71 9 25
2024 Métis 18 20 32 0 4 27 0 52 5 25
2022 Indigenous 23 37 18 6 4 12 0 68 12 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 34 20 4 1 9 0 72 6 1180
2022 First Nation 27 38 15 3 7 11 0 72 11 35
2022 Métis 14 27 27 14 0 17 0 51 17 20
2020 Indigenous 43 38 7 5 5 2 0 83 10 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 49 33 9 3 1 4 1 86 5 1255
2020 First Nation 28 39 11 11 11 0 0 67 22 20
2020 Métis 50 41 5 0 0 5 0 95 0 20

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 35 3 8 5 10 1 82 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 33 11 6 4 5 4 77 12 990
2024 First Nation 57 28 3 4 8 0 0 84 12 25
2024 Métis 28 39 3 9 0 20 2 85 12 25
2022 Indigenous 36 33 4 15 7 3 1 73 22 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 33 8 6 2 5 3 83 9 1180
2022 First Nation 38 37 2 14 9 0 0 75 23 35
2022 Métis 42 22 14 14 4 0 5 67 18 20
2020 Indigenous 43 33 7 10 7 0 0 76 17 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 30 6 5 2 3 2 87 7 1260
2020 First Nation 29 39 5 16 11 0 0 68 27 20
2020 Métis 50 31 9 5 5 0 0 81 9 20

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 10 20 5 3 50 2 40 17 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 23 22 4 3 33 4 54 12 990
2024 First Nation 14 7 20 4 8 41 6 39 23 25
2024 Métis 6 9 18 6 0 61 0 37 16 25
2022 Indigenous 3 24 19 10 3 39 2 46 22 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 22 19 4 2 37 4 58 11 1180
2022 First Nation 5 29 15 8 2 41 0 58 17 35
2022 Métis 0 14 25 17 4 34 6 23 35 20

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 7 15 21 22 32 3 11 66 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 4 28 4 35 23 0 13 50 20

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 31 18 2 6 14 2 69 10 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 33 16 7 5 6 6 68 14 985
2024 First Nation 52 26 3 0 8 10 0 87 9 25
2024 Métis 11 37 20 4 5 20 4 62 12 25
2022 Indigenous 28 31 8 6 9 4 13 72 18 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 29 13 7 5 8 7 71 14 1180
2022 First Nation 32 20 5 10 10 5 19 68 26 35
2022 Métis 27 39 17 0 9 4 4 72 10 20
2020 Indigenous 19 29 22 10 2 10 9 59 15 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 31 13 5 3 7 5 75 10 1260
2020 First Nation 17 44 17 11 5 6 0 65 17 20
2020 Métis 18 18 28 9 0 14 13 49 13 20
2019 Indigenous 42 28 9 4 9 2 5 76 15 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 31 13 7 4 5 5 73 13 1120
2019 Métis 42 18 12 9 5 4 11 70 16 20

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 45 12 0 5 5 2 82 6 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 38 11 8 4 2 1 76 12 990
2024 First Nation 53 19 23 0 5 0 0 72 5 25
2024 Métis 14 60 5 0 7 10 4 86 8 25
2022 Indigenous 27 42 6 15 7 1 2 71 23 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 40 11 7 3 2 1 77 11 1180
2022 First Nation 19 42 10 15 9 2 3 64 25 35
2022 Métis 38 48 0 10 4 0 0 86 14 20
2020 Indigenous 44 35 10 5 3 2 2 82 8 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 47 33 9 5 2 2 1 83 7 1260
2020 First Nation 39 28 22 6 6 0 0 67 11 20
2020 Métis 47 39 0 5 0 5 4 94 6 20
2019 Indigenous 31 46 15 2 0 2 3 82 3 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 37 10 5 3 1 1 82 8 1120
2019 Métis 33 44 17 0 0 0 6 82 0 20

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 27 51 11 10 2 0 0 78 12 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 40 15 4 4 2 0 76 8 990
2024 First Nation 41 34 16 3 5 0 0 75 8 25
2024 Métis 12 67 5 16 0 0 0 79 16 25
2022 Indigenous 24 45 16 4 8 2 0 71 13 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 40 19 4 3 2 0 74 7 1180
2022 First Nation 21 38 19 5 14 3 0 61 19 35
2022 Métis 29 52 14 4 0 0 0 82 4 20
2020 Indigenous 43 36 10 7 2 0 2 80 10 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 34 12 3 2 2 0 84 4 1255
2020 First Nation 28 39 11 16 6 0 0 67 22 20
2020 Métis 50 37 9 0 0 0 3 90 0 20
2019 Indigenous 48 27 13 9 0 0 3 77 9 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 37 12 3 1 1 0 83 4 1115
2019 Métis 54 31 9 0 0 0 6 91 0 20

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 22 17 10 13 24 5 43 33 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 23 19 13 10 15 4 48 28 990
2024 First Nation 14 29 18 5 16 14 5 53 25 25
2024 Métis 0 21 14 15 8 36 6 36 40 25
2022 Indigenous 13 23 20 14 15 12 4 42 34 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 23 18 13 8 17 3 51 26 1185
2022 First Nation 13 26 14 11 15 15 6 49 34 35
2022 Métis 16 9 32 16 18 9 0 28 37 20
2020 Indigenous 27 32 7 12 10 10 2 67 25 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 25 24 18 10 6 13 3 58 20 1255
2020 First Nation 23 28 5 21 11 11 0 58 36 20
2020 Métis 28 39 10 0 10 10 4 77 11 20
2019 Indigenous 20 29 24 4 9 7 6 57 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 20 25 19 12 8 11 4 53 24 1115
2019 Métis 16 28 31 0 10 9 7 52 12 20

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 50 8 9 3 0 0 81 11 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 44 6 11 4 0 0 78 15 990
2024 First Nation 30 54 8 4 3 0 0 84 8 25
2024 Métis 32 50 5 10 3 0 0 83 12 25
2022 Indigenous 39 47 5 2 7 0 0 86 8 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 45 4 9 2 0 0 85 11 1180
2022 First Nation 50 35 8 0 7 0 0 84 7 35
2022 Métis 28 59 0 5 7 0 0 87 13 20
2020 Indigenous 28 44 7 14 7 0 0 71 21 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 50 5 10 2 0 0 83 12 1260
2020 First Nation 11 56 5 16 11 0 0 68 27 20
2020 Métis 35 37 9 14 5 0 0 72 19 20

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 28 25 6 23 14 0 3 55 38 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 29 11 18 14 0 2 57 32 990
2024 First Nation 35 27 8 13 14 0 3 64 27 25
2024 Métis 22 25 4 33 16 0 0 47 49 25
2022 Indigenous 47 26 8 11 8 0 0 73 19 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 37 11 11 5 0 1 72 17 1180
2022 First Nation 47 28 9 7 9 0 0 75 16 35
2022 Métis 54 19 10 10 8 0 0 73 18 15
2020 Indigenous 23 33 10 27 5 0 2 58 32 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 39 11 14 3 0 1 71 17 1260
2020 First Nation 12 33 17 28 11 0 0 44 39 20
2020 Métis 27 37 5 28 0 0 3 66 29 20
2019 Indigenous 45 41 10 4 0 0 0 86 4 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 34 6 6 1 0 0 87 7 1115
2019 Métis 43 41 11 4 0 0 0 85 4 20

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 28 14 22 4 0 0 60 26 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 40 11 8 4 0 0 76 12 990
2024 First Nation 39 47 4 11 0 0 0 86 11 25
2024 Métis 25 17 16 34 8 0 0 42 42 25
2022 Indigenous 49 29 11 4 7 0 0 78 11 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 37 9 8 2 0 1 81 10 1180
2022 First Nation 50 32 5 5 7 0 0 83 12 35
2022 Métis 55 24 10 4 7 0 0 79 11 20
2020 Indigenous 33 38 7 14 5 0 2 73 19 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 42 37 11 8 2 0 0 79 10 1255
2020 First Nation 23 33 11 22 11 0 0 56 33 20
2020 Métis 36 46 5 8 0 0 5 86 8 20
2019 Indigenous 49 40 9 0 2 0 0 89 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 36 7 4 1 0 0 88 5 1115
2019 Métis 44 43 8 0 5 0 0 87 5 20

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 27 5 6 5 0 0 84 10 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 68 22 4 5 1 0 1 90 6 990
2024 First Nation 45 37 7 8 3 0 0 82 11 25
2024 Métis 70 22 6 0 3 0 0 92 3 25

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 51 27 9 8 5 0 0 78 13 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 30 6 8 1 0 0 85 10 990
2024 First Nation 42 31 11 10 6 0 0 72 17 25
2024 Métis 60 26 5 3 6 0 0 86 9 25

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 84 15 0 0 1 0 0 99 1 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 87 11 1 1 1 0 0 98 1 990
2024 First Nation 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 25
2024 Métis 82 15 0 0 3 0 0 97 3 25
2022 Indigenous 83 11 0 1 3 0 2 96 4 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 88 9 1 1 1 0 1 98 2 1185
2022 First Nation 81 10 0 2 4 0 3 93 7 35
2022 Métis 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20
2019 Indigenous 87 11 0 0 2 0 0 98 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 85 11 2 1 1 0 0 97 2 1115
2019 Métis 87 13 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 58 31 7 3 2 0 0 89 5 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 22 8 2 0 1 0 89 3 990
2024 First Nation 64 36 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 25
2024 Métis 58 29 6 3 4 0 0 87 6 25
2022 Indigenous 56 28 8 3 0 4 0 88 3 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 66 23 7 1 0 2 0 91 1 1180
2022 First Nation 62 17 9 5 0 7 0 85 6 35
2022 Métis 48 44 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 20
2020 Indigenous 67 16 10 5 0 2 0 85 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 72 19 7 1 0 1 0 92 1 1260
2020 First Nation 56 11 23 11 0 0 0 67 11 20
2020 Métis 73 22 0 0 0 5 0 100 0 20
2019 Indigenous 62 22 7 2 0 7 0 90 3 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 66 24 7 1 1 2 0 92 2 1120
2019 Métis 65 22 4 0 0 9 0 96 0 20

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 990
2022 Indigenous 18 82 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 1180
2022 First Nation 20 80 35
2020 Indigenous 17 83 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 91 1260
2019 Indigenous 13 87 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 10 90 1120

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 55 100
2022 Indigenous 49 51 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 100

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 44 100
2022 Indigenous 66 34 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 100

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 100
2022 Indigenous 27 73 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 100

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 100
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 100

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 9 91 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 100

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 100
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 100

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 100
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 100

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 67 105
2022 Indigenous 41 59 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 105

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 59 105
2022 Indigenous 32 68 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 69 105

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 53 105
2022 Indigenous 57 43 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 105

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 58 105
2022 Indigenous 26 74 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 67 105

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 64 105
2022 Indigenous 25 75 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 74 105

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 53 47 105
2022 Indigenous 82 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 105

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 70 105
2022 Indigenous 18 82 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 105

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 105
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 105

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 105

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 105
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 105

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 51 49 105
2022 Indigenous 50 50 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 105

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 82 105
2022 Indigenous 9 91 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 105

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 105
2022 Indigenous 10 90 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 105

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 42 105
2022 Indigenous 60 40 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 105

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 75 105
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 105

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 105
2022 Indigenous 9 91 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 105

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 85 105
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 105

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 87 105
2022 Indigenous 18 82 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 105

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 93 105
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 105

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 105
2022 Indigenous 9 91 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 105

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 105
2022 Indigenous 16 84 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 105

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 75 105
2022 Indigenous 23 77 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 105

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 100

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 95
2022 Indigenous 17 83 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 100

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 100

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 100

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 100

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 95
2022 Indigenous 28 72 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 100

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 95
2022 Indigenous 23 77 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 100

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 100

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 100

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 63 95
2022 Indigenous 19 81 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 100

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 95
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 100

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 53 95
2022 Indigenous 49 51 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 100

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 100

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 50 95
2022 Indigenous 75 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 46 100

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 95
2022 Indigenous 18 82 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 100

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 12 12 6 4 45 11 51 21 990
2024 Métis 0 9 12 5 0 55 18 34 20 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 11 12 5 3 46 10 53 19 1180
2022 Métis 0 17 21 0 0 49 14 45 0 20
2020 Indigenous 11 10 17 10 7 39 7 38 31 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 18 16 13 4 3 39 7 62 14 1260
2020 First Nation 0 5 17 16 11 45 6 11 55 20
2020 Métis 17 14 18 5 5 33 8 53 16 20
2019 Indigenous 25 19 17 7 5 20 7 61 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 17 18 6 4 30 8 55 16 1120
2019 Métis 34 26 13 0 5 17 5 77 6 20

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 26 18 3 3 30 0 65 10 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 37 14 4 3 16 1 74 9 985
2024 First Nation 38 23 26 0 5 7 0 66 5 25
2022 Indigenous 18 34 9 16 5 13 5 62 26 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 35 15 5 2 16 1 75 8 1185
2022 First Nation 21 22 13 19 7 10 8 53 31 35
2020 Indigenous 31 32 11 12 5 10 0 69 19 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 38 32 12 4 2 12 1 79 7 1260
2020 First Nation 12 34 11 16 11 17 0 54 32 20
2020 Métis 40 33 13 9 0 5 0 77 10 20
2019 Indigenous 43 26 15 11 5 0 0 69 16 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 35 14 4 2 7 1 78 7 1120
2019 Métis 52 23 17 4 5 0 0 75 9 20

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 81 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 990
2022 Indigenous 13 87 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 1180
2022 First Nation 17 83 35
2020 Indigenous 12 88 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 6 94 1260
2019 Indigenous 11 89 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 6 94 1120

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 60 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 85

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 69 31 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 69 31 85

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 85

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 85

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 7 93 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 85

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 14 86 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 85

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 85 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 85

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 71 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 85

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 69 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 85

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 80 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 85

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 85

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 85

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 85

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 85

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 85

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 85

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 85

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 85

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 77 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 85

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 85

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 60 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 85

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 85 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 85

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 85

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 91 85

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 89 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 96 85

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 85

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 85

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 87 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 85

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 59 85
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 56 85

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 80

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 80 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 80

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 80

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 1 99 80

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 80

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 80

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 91 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 80

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 80

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 80

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 80

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 90 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 80

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 65 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 80

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 80

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 51 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 58 42 80

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 88 80
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 80

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 9 17 9 3 44 10 38 27 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 13 17 4 3 46 6 50 15 990
2024 Métis 0 13 14 9 0 58 5 36 24 25
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 13 15 3 3 45 7 56 13 1185
2020 Indigenous 16 12 17 10 7 34 5 45 27 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 19 14 14 3 2 42 6 64 9 1255
2020 First Nation 0 5 22 16 11 40 6 10 50 20
2020 Métis 27 19 14 5 5 27 5 66 14 20
2019 Indigenous 25 17 19 2 7 22 7 59 13 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 16 18 2 3 34 8 60 8 1120
2019 Métis 34 21 17 0 5 23 0 71 6 20

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 17 26 18 8 0 31 0 62 12 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 35 17 5 3 15 1 71 9 990
2024 First Nation 33 29 18 13 0 7 0 67 14 25
2022 Indigenous 13 39 17 5 4 18 5 67 11 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 36 15 3 2 15 1 76 6 1185
2022 First Nation 16 31 16 5 6 18 8 63 16 35
2020 Indigenous 33 38 5 10 2 12 0 81 14 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 31 13 3 2 11 1 80 5 1255
2020 First Nation 12 44 11 16 6 11 0 63 24 20
2020 Métis 45 36 0 5 0 14 0 94 6 20
2019 Indigenous 42 21 17 4 5 11 0 70 10 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 32 13 2 2 8 1 80 5 1120
2019 Métis 50 24 16 0 5 4 0 78 5 20

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 36 64 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 77 990
2024 First Nation 17 83 25
2024 Métis 41 59 25
2022 Indigenous 11 89 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 1180
2022 First Nation 16 84 35
2022 Métis 0 100 20
2020 Indigenous 24 76 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 11 89 1260
2020 First Nation 34 66 20
2020 Métis 18 82 20
2019 Indigenous 17 83 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 15 85 1120
2019 Métis 29 71 20

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 81 19 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 62 38 225
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 36 155
2020 Indigenous 70 30 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 48 140

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 43 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 87 13 225
2022 Non-Indigenous 79 21 155
2020 Indigenous 70 30 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 78 22 140

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 71 0 7 13 0 0 80 20 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 41 8 5 3 1 0 83 9 195
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 28 7 12 2 0 1 79 14 125

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 26 7 6 3 5 0 83 9 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 35 9 5 2 1 2 84 7 990
2024 First Nation 61 21 7 3 3 4 0 86 7 25
2024 Métis 49 31 6 5 3 6 0 85 8 25
2022 Indigenous 49 27 11 9 3 2 0 78 12 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 36 6 4 1 2 3 88 5 1180
2022 First Nation 52 30 3 8 4 3 0 84 13 35
2022 Métis 39 21 23 17 0 0 0 60 17 20
2020 Indigenous 48 24 12 7 5 0 5 75 13 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 56 29 6 4 1 2 3 89 5 1265
2020 First Nation 34 27 17 11 11 0 0 61 22 20
2020 Métis 59 23 8 5 0 0 5 86 5 20
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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 68 18 2 7 2 2 2 89 9 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 32 5 4 3 0 0 88 7 990
2024 First Nation 66 21 4 3 0 5 0 92 4 25
2024 Métis 69 17 0 11 0 0 4 89 11 25
2022 Indigenous 65 25 1 7 0 0 1 91 8 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 58 29 5 3 3 1 0 88 7 1185
2022 First Nation 72 18 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 35
2022 Métis 46 40 5 4 0 0 5 90 5 20
2020 Indigenous 57 29 2 5 7 0 0 86 11 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 28 6 4 2 1 0 88 6 1260
2020 First Nation 45 34 0 11 11 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Métis 64 28 5 0 3 0 0 92 3 20

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 1 6 10 4 24 15 39 62 16 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 5 6 12 9 32 5 30 64 17 985
2024 First Nation 3 7 20 0 38 7 24 55 15 25
2024 Métis 0 0 3 8 15 19 55 90 0 25
2022 Indigenous 9 11 12 6 26 8 29 51 31 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 6 9 9 37 6 30 72 14 1180
2022 First Nation 13 15 12 0 30 5 26 43 40 35
2022 Métis 4 5 14 12 24 0 41 61 14 20

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 18 31 16 13 9 12 0 56 25 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 44 18 10 6 3 1 65 16 990
2024 First Nation 28 39 14 13 4 3 0 68 17 25
2024 Métis 8 26 18 11 15 21 0 43 33 25
2022 Indigenous 25 39 17 5 8 5 0 68 14 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 45 16 6 3 2 0 74 10 1180
2022 First Nation 34 35 18 3 11 0 0 69 14 35
2022 Métis 10 49 10 10 4 17 0 71 17 20
2020 Indigenous 35 41 14 5 2 2 0 78 7 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 42 9 4 1 2 0 86 5 1260
2020 First Nation 12 50 22 11 6 0 0 62 17 20
2020 Métis 50 37 8 0 0 5 0 91 0 20
2019 Indigenous 38 44 6 5 2 4 0 86 7 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 41 8 3 1 1 0 89 4 1110
2019 Métis 55 41 0 5 0 0 0 95 5 20

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 14 35 32 11 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 25 40 21 5 990
2024 First Nation 12 23 36 24 5 25
2024 Métis 7 8 38 33 14 25
2022 Indigenous 6 28 34 16 15 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 28 38 21 5 1185
2022 First Nation 10 38 28 13 10 35
2022 Métis 0 15 48 21 17 20

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 33 5 3 0 4 2 91 3 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 55 29 8 3 3 2 0 86 6 990
2024 First Nation 58 27 11 0 0 5 0 89 0 25
2024 Métis 48 37 3 5 0 3 4 92 6 25
2022 Indigenous 58 26 3 7 3 3 0 86 10 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 29 8 3 2 2 1 87 5 1185
2022 First Nation 65 23 3 5 4 0 0 88 9 35
2022 Métis 46 36 5 13 0 0 0 82 13 20
2020 Indigenous 59 17 10 10 2 0 2 78 12 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 59 25 8 4 2 2 0 86 6 1255
2020 First Nation 51 28 0 16 5 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Métis 62 10 20 5 0 0 4 75 5 20

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 23 7 11 3 2 0 78 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 30 7 7 5 1 0 80 13 990
2024 First Nation 62 15 3 14 0 5 0 81 15 25
2024 Métis 44 31 10 12 3 0 0 75 14 25
2022 Indigenous 45 37 7 5 6 0 0 82 11 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 27 8 7 6 1 0 79 13 1185
2022 First Nation 51 34 2 6 7 0 0 85 13 35
2022 Métis 39 44 9 4 4 0 0 82 9 20
2020 Indigenous 50 31 2 5 11 0 0 81 16 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 29 9 8 4 1 0 80 12 1260
2020 First Nation 39 39 0 11 11 0 0 78 22 20
2020 Métis 59 23 5 0 13 0 0 82 13 20

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 19 32 17 13 8 10 0 57 24 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 42 15 13 9 1 0 62 22 990
2024 First Nation 31 29 20 13 3 3 0 62 17 25
2024 Métis 8 37 18 14 7 17 0 54 24 25
2022 Indigenous 24 41 16 14 6 0 0 65 19 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 42 13 13 6 1 0 68 19 1180
2022 First Nation 31 34 12 16 7 0 0 65 23 35
2022 Métis 15 42 27 12 4 0 0 58 16 20
2020 Indigenous 43 33 2 12 10 0 0 76 21 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 37 11 7 3 1 0 78 10 1260
2020 First Nation 40 22 6 21 11 0 0 62 32 20
2020 Métis 41 45 0 5 9 0 0 86 14 20
2019 Indigenous 29 30 24 6 7 0 3 62 14 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 42 12 6 4 0 0 77 10 1120
2019 Métis 37 18 30 4 5 0 6 58 10 20

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 17 55 11 18 0 0 0 72 18 20
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 47 18 15 2 1 1 64 18 355
2022 Indigenous 20 50 9 16 0 5 0 74 16 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 50 14 14 4 1 0 67 19 380
2022 First Nation 30 47 7 16 0 0 0 77 16 15
2020 Indigenous 40 19 30 10 0 0 0 60 10 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 19 53 13 11 2 1 1 73 13 405

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 16 31 26 6 18 0 4 16 84 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 30 15 7 7 0 4 39 61 985
2024 First Nation 11 51 18 7 13 0 0 11 89 25
2024 Métis 22 22 30 3 18 0 5 23 77 25
2022 Indigenous 28 14 20 29 8 2 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 26 18 9 8 1 4 1180
2022 First Nation 32 20 11 29 5 3 0 35
2022 Métis 24 9 26 35 5 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 17 26 26 22 7 2 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 30 19 11 6 0 1 1250
2020 First Nation 23 27 28 17 0 6 0 20
2020 Métis 9 27 22 28 14 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 26 26 24 8 13 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 30 23 10 13 0 1 1120
2019 Métis 30 30 22 4 13 0 0 20

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 17 22 18 10 2 0 31 69 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 27 27 17 14 0 1 15 85 990
2024 First Nation 15 15 34 29 7 0 0 15 85 25
2024 Métis 47 18 16 11 8 0 0 47 53 25
2022 Indigenous 17 30 27 14 12 0 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 25 28 16 17 0 1 1180
2022 First Nation 20 33 19 13 14 0 0 35
2022 Métis 14 32 28 18 9 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 19 17 33 22 10 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 26 27 18 13 0 0 1255
2020 First Nation 17 11 39 11 22 0 0 20
2020 Métis 17 23 27 33 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 22 29 31 7 11 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 30 27 15 9 0 0 1120
2019 Métis 15 32 36 4 13 0 0 20

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 22 23 11 6 0 2 38 62 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 26 25 16 14 0 1 19 81 990
2024 First Nation 27 29 25 16 3 0 0 27 73 25
2024 Métis 48 14 23 9 3 0 3 50 50 25
2022 Indigenous 27 25 21 18 9 0 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 26 23 16 16 0 1 1180
2022 First Nation 29 21 17 23 9 0 0 35
2022 Métis 28 32 17 14 9 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 26 21 26 19 7 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 21 29 26 14 9 0 0 1255
2020 First Nation 23 11 33 17 16 0 0 20
2020 Métis 21 33 23 24 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 28 25 31 11 5 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 32 25 12 8 0 0 1110
2019 Métis 30 26 35 4 5 0 0 20

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 22 10 31 13 22 2 1 22 78 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 22 25 16 18 1 1 17 83 985
2024 First Nation 22 3 31 20 24 0 0 22 78 25
2024 Métis 26 16 27 8 17 4 2 27 73 25
2022 Indigenous 13 29 18 18 18 5 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 21 24 15 21 0 1 1175
2022 First Nation 15 27 15 17 23 3 0 35
2022 Métis 13 37 27 12 11 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 23 22 30 17 7 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 24 25 15 12 0 1 1250
2020 First Nation 17 12 35 24 12 0 0 15
2020 Métis 25 28 28 14 5 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 20 39 18 11 11 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 25 26 13 11 0 1 1115
2019 Métis 19 36 22 13 9 0 0 20

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 50 21 10 2 4 2 11 57 43 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 28 12 7 5 1 7 43 57 985
2024 First Nation 43 28 11 3 4 0 11 49 51 25
2024 Métis 58 18 11 2 2 0 9 63 37 25
2022 Indigenous 46 25 11 8 6 0 5 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 23 15 9 10 0 5 1180
2022 First Nation 48 20 9 10 10 0 3 35
2022 Métis 45 29 17 4 0 0 5 20
2020 Indigenous 40 33 10 7 5 0 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 26 16 9 7 0 3 1250
2020 First Nation 34 22 22 11 11 0 0 20
2020 Métis 45 41 0 5 0 0 9 20
2019 Indigenous 66 18 10 2 2 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 25 12 7 4 0 4 1120
2019 Métis 65 13 14 0 4 0 4 20

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 21 21 23 10 23 0 2 22 78 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 25 21 13 18 0 1 22 78 990
2024 First Nation 11 39 15 15 20 0 0 11 89 25
2024 Métis 33 9 26 5 24 0 4 34 66 25
2022 Indigenous 30 27 21 12 10 0 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 26 21 12 12 0 1 1180
2022 First Nation 46 25 7 10 12 0 0 35
2022 Métis 5 21 52 14 7 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 24 24 32 10 10 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 25 22 12 11 0 0 1260
2020 First Nation 18 23 23 12 24 0 0 15
2020 Métis 31 22 37 9 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 35 28 27 4 7 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 31 19 8 7 0 1 1115
2019 Métis 39 18 30 9 4 0 0 20

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 31 17 6 8 9 0 32 68 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 30 22 12 9 1 1 25 75 990
2024 First Nation 18 49 28 5 0 0 0 18 82 25
2024 Métis 33 24 11 2 12 17 0 40 60 25
2022 Indigenous 23 32 21 9 11 5 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 33 21 10 8 1 2 1180
2022 First Nation 22 29 24 9 11 5 0 35
2022 Métis 21 35 19 10 11 4 0 20
2020 Indigenous 35 41 17 2 5 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 35 19 7 3 0 1 1255
2020 First Nation 23 50 16 6 5 0 0 20
2020 Métis 39 37 19 0 5 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 37 29 25 7 2 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 36 20 9 4 0 1 1120
2019 Métis 29 40 31 0 0 0 0 20

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 17 37 16 13 8 9 0 19 81 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 30 24 13 13 1 1 19 81 990
2024 First Nation 4 44 23 19 10 0 0 4 96 25
2024 Métis 23 34 13 6 6 17 0 28 72 25
2022 Indigenous 22 26 20 19 9 3 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 29 24 14 12 1 1 1180
2022 First Nation 21 28 17 18 13 3 0 35
2022 Métis 28 18 23 21 5 4 0 20
2020 Indigenous 35 26 17 19 0 2 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 25 35 25 9 5 0 1 1255
2020 First Nation 28 22 17 27 0 5 0 20
2020 Métis 36 31 18 14 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 34 23 25 13 4 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 24 36 23 12 5 0 1 1120
2019 Métis 35 21 30 9 5 0 0 20

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 40 18 8 3 0 0 32 68 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 30 22 10 9 1 1 28 72 990
2024 First Nation 18 51 27 4 0 0 0 18 82 25
2024 Métis 41 39 14 3 3 0 0 41 59 25
2022 Indigenous 27 20 25 19 7 2 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 31 19 10 10 0 2 1180
2022 First Nation 29 23 13 22 11 3 0 35
2022 Métis 25 15 43 18 0 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 44 30 20 4 2 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 32 18 10 4 0 1 1255
2020 First Nation 29 41 18 6 6 0 0 15
2020 Métis 50 23 23 3 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 35 32 22 9 2 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 33 21 10 6 0 1 1120
2019 Métis 39 34 27 0 0 0 0 20

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 58 18 15 3 4 0 2 59 41 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 30 13 6 6 0 1 43 57 990
2024 First Nation 50 31 19 0 0 0 0 50 50 25
2024 Métis 64 12 8 6 5 0 4 67 33 25
2022 Indigenous 38 23 23 8 6 2 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 27 14 7 5 0 2 1180
2022 First Nation 42 16 22 10 7 3 0 35
2022 Métis 28 29 29 5 4 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 51 25 9 2 12 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 25 12 6 3 0 1 1255
2020 First Nation 42 35 0 6 17 0 0 15
2020 Métis 55 18 18 0 9 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 53 17 13 8 9 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 26 13 7 4 0 1 1115
2019 Métis 59 4 13 15 9 0 0 20

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 34 21 7 0 0 0 38 62 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 51 27 11 4 5 0 2 52 48 990
2024 First Nation 42 38 11 9 0 0 0 42 58 25
2024 Métis 30 37 30 3 0 0 0 30 70 25
2022 Indigenous 49 24 10 9 6 2 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 26 12 6 4 0 2 1180
2022 First Nation 58 20 5 8 6 3 0 35
2022 Métis 33 30 14 13 5 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 28 34 12 14 12 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 30 22 12 6 0 0 1255
2020 First Nation 11 39 17 11 22 0 0 20
2020 Métis 40 27 9 19 5 0 0 20

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 33 27 7 9 0 0 24 76 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 30 18 10 8 0 1 34 66 985
2024 First Nation 12 36 38 8 7 0 0 12 88 25
2024 Métis 32 37 17 5 9 0 0 32 68 25
2022 Indigenous 30 29 20 11 8 0 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 30 22 10 6 1 1 1180
2022 First Nation 44 13 17 16 10 0 0 35
2022 Métis 10 46 31 4 5 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 18 38 31 10 2 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 30 23 11 5 1 0 1260
2020 First Nation 17 33 33 11 5 0 0 20
2020 Métis 16 46 28 9 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 42 32 20 4 2 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 33 20 9 4 0 1 1110
2019 Métis 37 32 23 4 5 0 0 20

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 16 23 15 18 0 2 26 74 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 16 17 13 21 0 4 30 70 985
2024 First Nation 11 26 20 21 22 0 0 11 89 25
2024 Métis 33 10 28 13 16 0 0 33 67 25
2022 Indigenous 51 20 10 5 10 5 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 22 16 8 9 1 3 1180
2022 First Nation 54 17 11 6 7 5 0 35
2022 Métis 55 19 0 5 17 4 0 20
2020 Indigenous 28 34 17 12 5 2 2 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 28 15 7 2 0 2 1250
2020 First Nation 23 39 17 11 11 0 0 20
2020 Métis 25 32 19 14 0 5 5 20
2019 Indigenous 72 16 12 0 0 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 60 23 9 4 2 0 1 1115
2019 Métis 63 14 23 0 0 0 0 20

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 37 24 6 1 0 1 31 69 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 28 14 6 5 0 2 46 54 985
2024 First Nation 27 52 13 8 0 0 0 27 73 25
2024 Métis 30 27 36 5 0 0 2 31 69 25
2022 Indigenous 57 24 6 6 6 2 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 29 11 2 3 0 2 1180
2022 First Nation 63 22 0 10 3 3 0 35
2022 Métis 51 18 19 0 13 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 21 40 26 7 5 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 39 21 7 4 0 0 1255
2020 First Nation 12 39 38 0 11 0 0 20
2020 Métis 22 45 18 14 0 0 0 20

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 57 16 5 3 8 2 10 64 36 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 13 5 2 2 1 13 75 25 980
2024 First Nation 63 7 4 3 0 4 18 81 19 25
2024 Métis 51 24 6 4 11 0 5 54 46 25

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 47 21 7 4 8 2 12 54 46 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 15 7 5 4 1 10 66 34 985
2024 First Nation 50 10 14 3 0 4 18 65 35 25
2024 Métis 44 28 3 5 11 0 9 48 52 25

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 73 8 5 2 3 2 7 80 20 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 68 12 5 2 4 1 8 75 25 990
2024 First Nation 76 4 4 5 3 0 7 82 18 25
2024 Métis 74 8 3 0 3 4 9 85 15 25
2022 Indigenous 67 14 6 4 3 2 4 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 73 11 5 2 2 1 6 1180
2022 First Nation 66 13 5 5 4 3 4 35
2022 Métis 68 19 4 4 0 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 73 10 5 7 2 0 2 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 81 8 4 2 2 1 3 1260
2020 First Nation 61 12 11 5 5 0 5 20
2020 Métis 81 9 0 9 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 73 4 9 4 7 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 11 6 2 3 1 2 1110
2019 Métis 65 4 14 5 9 0 4 20

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 73 17 4 2 0 0 5 76 24 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 62 20 7 4 3 1 4 65 35 985
2024 First Nation 64 20 12 4 0 0 0 64 36 25
2024 Métis 80 11 0 0 0 0 9 88 12 25
2022 Indigenous 66 25 3 0 3 2 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 68 18 5 3 2 0 4 1180
2022 First Nation 68 22 3 0 4 3 0 35
2022 Métis 67 25 4 0 0 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 76 9 7 2 5 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 72 16 6 2 2 0 2 1250
2020 First Nation 73 11 5 5 5 0 0 20
2020 Métis 77 9 9 0 5 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 53 24 11 2 8 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 25 9 3 2 0 2 1110
2019 Métis 49 18 18 0 11 0 4 20

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 67 11 10 3 7 2 1 69 31 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 63 17 7 4 5 0 4 66 34 985
2024 First Nation 73 8 7 8 5 0 0 73 27 25
2024 Métis 65 16 10 0 3 4 2 69 31 25
2022 Indigenous 55 21 10 3 8 2 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 66 15 7 3 4 0 4 1175
2022 First Nation 64 9 12 5 7 3 0 35
2022 Métis 39 36 9 0 11 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 69 12 7 7 5 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 71 14 7 4 3 0 2 1250
2020 First Nation 62 16 5 11 5 0 0 20
2020 Métis 72 9 9 5 5 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 65 9 9 8 7 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 64 18 8 4 4 0 2 1105
2019 Métis 58 8 9 15 5 0 4 20

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 67 5 3 0 3 0 22 86 14 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 10 5 2 2 0 21 76 24 985
2024 First Nation 71 7 7 0 3 0 12 81 19 25
2024 Métis 58 5 0 0 3 0 34 88 12 25
2022 Indigenous 66 9 3 4 0 2 16 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 63 11 4 2 1 0 20 1180
2022 First Nation 60 10 4 7 0 3 16 35
2022 Métis 70 9 0 0 0 0 21 20
2020 Indigenous 57 5 2 0 0 0 35 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 60 10 5 2 1 0 21 1250
2020 First Nation 61 6 0 0 0 0 33 20
2020 Métis 50 5 5 0 0 0 41 20
2019 Indigenous 63 9 0 2 0 0 25 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 13 5 2 1 0 20 1105
2019 Métis 47 18 0 4 0 0 31 20

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 80 9 0 0 5 0 6 85 15 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 16 6 1 2 0 8 72 28 985
2024 First Nation 80 11 0 0 9 0 0 80 20 25
2024 Métis 80 6 0 0 2 0 12 90 10 25
2022 Indigenous 73 16 0 2 6 2 1 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 72 13 6 1 1 0 6 1180
2022 First Nation 75 13 0 0 10 3 0 35
2022 Métis 70 18 0 7 0 0 4 20
2020 Indigenous 76 19 2 2 0 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 74 16 5 1 0 0 3 1265
2020 First Nation 67 27 0 5 0 0 0 20
2020 Métis 81 14 5 0 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 79 11 7 0 0 0 3 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 15 5 1 0 0 4 1110
2019 Métis 76 17 0 0 0 0 6 20

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 50 26 13 0 8 0 3 52 48 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 16 8 4 7 1 4 63 37 990
2024 First Nation 63 17 3 0 9 0 7 68 32 25
2024 Métis 36 33 22 0 9 0 0 36 64 25
2022 Indigenous 52 10 3 18 15 3 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 12 6 5 6 1 4 1180
2022 First Nation 53 3 2 21 19 3 0 35
2022 Métis 51 24 0 20 0 4 0 20
2020 Indigenous 77 16 2 5 0 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 75 14 5 2 2 1 2 1260
2020 First Nation 89 5 0 5 0 0 0 20
2020 Métis 65 27 3 5 0 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 82 4 2 0 9 0 2 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 11 5 3 3 0 3 1115
2019 Métis 87 5 5 0 0 0 4 20

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 32 12 6 5 0 6 41 59 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 44 28 17 6 4 0 2 45 55 990
2024 First Nation 42 33 13 0 9 0 3 43 57 25
2024 Métis 37 31 8 11 2 0 10 42 58 25
2022 Indigenous 44 31 8 7 9 2 0 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 27 17 5 3 0 3 1185
2022 First Nation 52 28 2 5 10 3 0 35
2022 Métis 23 47 14 9 7 0 0 20
2020 Indigenous 24 46 19 7 5 0 0 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 30 16 6 3 0 1 1265
2020 First Nation 17 55 17 5 5 0 0 20
2020 Métis 22 42 22 9 5 0 0 20
2019 Indigenous 40 36 19 4 0 0 0 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 28 15 3 2 0 1 1115
2019 Métis 44 31 21 4 0 0 0 20

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 36 30 19 7 0 0 44 26 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 28 42 17 7 0 0 33 24 990
2024 First Nation 14 29 36 19 3 0 0 43 22 25
2024 Métis 3 44 26 18 8 0 0 48 27 25
2022 Indigenous 10 36 30 14 9 0 0 46 24 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 27 38 16 9 0 0 36 25 1185
2022 First Nation 13 43 17 12 15 0 0 56 28 35
2022 Métis 5 32 42 21 0 0 0 37 21 20
2020 Indigenous 5 40 38 17 0 0 0 45 17 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 13 33 36 14 4 0 0 46 18 1265
2020 First Nation 11 23 33 33 0 0 0 34 33 20
2020 Métis 0 55 41 5 0 0 0 55 5 20
2019 Indigenous 24 33 25 11 8 0 0 56 19 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 34 36 9 2 0 0 52 12 1120
2019 Métis 26 23 26 13 11 0 0 50 24 20

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 12 24 29 27 8 0 0 35 35 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 25 39 16 8 0 1 24 37 990
2024 First Nation 0 29 51 13 8 0 0 20 29 25
2024 Métis 19 20 13 39 7 0 0 47 40 25
2022 Indigenous 14 16 25 38 7 0 0 45 30 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 22 39 19 10 0 1 29 31 1180
2022 First Nation 15 18 19 37 11 0 0 48 33 35
2022 Métis 17 9 31 43 0 0 0 43 26 20
2020 Indigenous 7 36 31 16 10 0 0 26 43 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 21 37 22 11 0 0 33 29 1260
2020 First Nation 11 44 22 11 12 0 0 23 55 20
2020 Métis 5 28 41 22 5 0 0 27 33 20
2019 Indigenous 7 25 35 22 12 0 0 34 31 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 6 18 37 27 12 0 0 39 23 1110
2019 Métis 0 32 26 26 16 0 0 41 32 20
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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 42 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 66 990
2024 First Nation 56 28 25
2024 Métis 36 51 25
2022 Indigenous 35 43 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 63 1180
2022 First Nation 41 46 35
2022 Métis 24 45 20
2020 Indigenous 38 46 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 29 52 1265
2020 First Nation 17 56 20
2020 Métis 59 32 20

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 51 25
2024 Non-Indigenous 59 41 210
2024 First Nation 53 47 15
2022 Indigenous 59 41 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 60 270
2022 First Nation 59 41 15
2020 Indigenous 18 82 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 38 62 370

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 21 15 14 14 10 15 11 28 72 55
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 16 13 5 6 2 19 49 51 990
2024 First Nation 27 14 21 21 13 0 4 28 72 25
2024 Métis 17 15 10 12 6 25 16 28 72 25
2022 Indigenous 35 16 22 6 9 6 6 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 16 13 6 6 2 19 1185
2022 First Nation 39 16 18 5 8 5 9 35
2022 Métis 30 16 35 10 5 0 5 20
2020 Indigenous 33 17 12 24 10 0 5 40
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 17 15 8 8 2 10 1265
2020 First Nation 28 22 5 34 6 0 5 20
2020 Métis 40 5 18 19 14 0 5 20
2019 Indigenous 45 21 11 9 7 0 6 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 20 15 12 12 0 7 1095
2019 Métis 32 28 13 9 14 0 4 20

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 8 20 13 26 0 3 39 40 25
2024 Non-Indigenous 18 23 16 20 17 1 6 44 39 210
2024 First Nation 6 17 33 6 32 0 6 24 40 15
2022 Indigenous 16 16 12 21 18 0 17 39 47 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 28 20 17 17 2 4 42 37 270
2022 First Nation 15 18 12 23 14 0 18 40 45 15
2020 Indigenous 13 18 25 19 13 6 6 35 37 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 32 16 15 12 1 5 55 28 370

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 4 9 36 18 32 0 0 14 50 25
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 16 9 30 29 2 5 28 63 210
2024 First Nation 0 20 29 15 37 0 0 20 51 15
2022 Indigenous 8 22 10 26 34 0 0 30 60 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 4 20 17 19 35 1 4 26 57 270
2022 First Nation 5 18 14 32 31 0 0 23 63 15
2020 Indigenous 6 7 13 30 45 0 0 13 75 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 8 20 16 20 32 2 2 29 54 370
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