2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Department of Justice Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	45	13	9	3	1	75	12	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	43	11	6	4	0	79	10	2415
2024	First Nation	30	46	9	12	0	2	78	12	40
2024	Métis	33	41	17	6	3	0	74	9	30
2022	Indigenous	30	47	17	6	0	0	77	6	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	41	10	6	3	0	82	9	2805
2022	First Nation	30	49	16	4	0	0	80	4	45
2022	Métis	28	47	18	8	0	0	74	8	45
2020	Indigenous	38	43	14	2	2	0	81	4	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	41	10	7	2	0	81	9	2830
2020	First Nation	41	42	13	4	0	0	83	4	50
2019	Indigenous	27	42	13	13	5	0	69	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	43	10	6	3	0	80	10	2470
2019	First Nation	14	45	22	14	5	0	59	19	40

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	46	9	11	9	70	20	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	39	11	9	6	73	16	2410
2024	First Nation	21	52	5	9	13	73	22	40
2024	Métis	34	41	11	11	2	75	13	30
2022	Indigenous	35	44	9	7	4	80	11	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	37	11	8	4	77	13	2805
2022	First Nation	37	48	6	4	4	85	9	45
2022	Métis	34	41	12	11	2	75	13	45
2020	Indigenous	38	37	10	10	5	75	15	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	37	12	8	4	75	13	2820
2020	First Nation	40	39	7	12	2	79	14	50
2019	Indigenous	21	38	14	15	13	59	28	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	12	11	8	69	19	2460
2019	First Nation	21	38	19	10	12	59	22	40

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	39	10	5	0	2	0	85	5	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	49	37	10	3	2	0	0	86	4	2415
2024	First Nation	43	41	10	6	0	0	0	84	6	40
2024	Métis	49	36	10	0	0	4	0	89	0	30
2022	Indigenous	45	40	11	2	1	0	0	85	3	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	33	9	3	1	0	0	87	4	2805
2022	First Nation	47	40	9	2	2	0	0	87	4	45
2022	Métis	45	38	15	3	0	0	0	83	3	45
2020	Indigenous	52	36	9	2	0	0	1	88	2	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	34	8	2	1	0	0	89	3	2810
2020	First Nation	53	36	8	2	0	0	0	89	2	50
2019	Indigenous	40	37	17	3	3	0	0	77	6	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	35	9	3	1	0	0	87	4	2455
2019	First Nation	29	40	22	6	3	0	0	69	9	40

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	40	17	4	2	0	0	77	6	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	41	11	5	3	0	0	81	8	2415
2024	First Nation	36	44	18	2	0	0	0	80	2	40
2024	Métis	40	36	15	9	0	0	0	77	9	30
2022	Indigenous	34	44	15	5	0	1	0	80	5	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	5	2	0	0	84	7	2810
2022	First Nation	37	45	14	2	0	2	0	83	2	45
2022	Métis	30	47	15	8	0	0	0	77	8	45
2020	Indigenous	45	41	9	2	1	0	1	88	3	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	39	8	5	2	0	0	85	7	2830
2020	First Nation	50	43	4	2	0	0	0	93	2	50
2019	Indigenous	34	41	13	8	5	0	0	75	12	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	41	8	6	2	0	0	84	8	2475
2019	First Nation	24	44	19	6	7	0	0	68	13	40

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	27	44	10	9	9	1	72	18	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	36	14	7	5	1	73	13	2410
2024	First Nation	18	49	12	10	9	2	68	20	40
2024	Métis	45	39	7	6	3	0	84	9	30
2022	Indigenous	34	35	15	10	3	1	70	14	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	34	11	7	4	0	78	11	2810
2022	First Nation	32	37	15	11	5	0	69	16	45
2022	Métis	38	32	16	10	2	2	71	13	45
2020	Indigenous	37	38	11	9	5	1	75	14	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	33	14	6	3	0	76	10	2820
2020	First Nation	36	42	11	9	2	0	78	11	45
2019	Indigenous	25	32	18	10	15	0	57	25	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	34	16	9	5	0	70	14	2475
2019	First Nation	26	29	19	13	13	0	55	25	40

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	42	13	11	6	0	70	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	38	13	9	5	0	72	15	2405
2024	First Nation	18	47	14	16	6	0	64	22	40
2024	Métis	47	36	10	3	3	0	84	7	30
2022	Indigenous	33	42	12	9	3	1	75	13	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	37	10	8	4	0	78	12	2805
2022	First Nation	29	51	11	4	5	0	80	9	45
2022	Métis	38	32	14	13	2	2	71	15	45
2020	Indigenous	34	42	11	11	2	0	76	13	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	35	12	7	3	0	77	10	2810
2020	First Nation	38	40	13	9	0	0	78	9	50
2019	Indigenous	23	31	23	12	10	0	54	23	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	36	14	10	5	0	71	15	2460
2019	First Nation	20	30	32	10	8	0	51	18	40

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	34	12	10	1	11	0	74	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	28	16	10	6	5	1	65	17	2410
2024	First Nation	32	45	13	6	0	5	0	80	6	40
2024	Métis	36	26	11	12	3	12	0	71	17	30
2022	Indigenous	32	24	20	15	6	3	0	58	22	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	26	15	9	6	5	1	69	16	2810
2022	First Nation	36	22	22	14	5	2	0	59	19	45
2022	Métis	33	24	18	14	6	4	0	59	21	45
2020	Indigenous	38	29	11	12	5	3	1	70	19	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	25	17	9	5	4	1	68	15	2830
2020	First Nation	40	30	13	13	2	2	0	72	15	50
2019	Indigenous	26	16	18	19	15	5	2	45	36	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	25	18	12	7	3	1	61	20	2475
2019	First Nation	29	17	18	22	12	2	0	46	35	40

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	43	28	13	7	2	1	6	76	10	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	28	13	4	3	1	7	79	7	2415
2024	First Nation	55	25	12	4	0	2	2	84	4	40
2024	Métis	29	27	15	11	6	0	13	64	19	30
2022	Indigenous	49	19	23	1	1	3	4	73	2	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	26	12	4	2	2	5	80	6	2805
2022	First Nation	46	16	29	2	0	2	4	67	2	45
2022	Métis	52	20	18	0	2	4	4	78	2	45
2020	Indigenous	52	24	12	3	3	2	3	80	7	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	27	12	4	2	2	4	80	6	2825
2020	First Nation	50	29	17	4	0	0	0	80	4	50
2019	Indigenous	40	33	17	5	4	1	0	74	9	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	26	15	5	3	1	5	76	8	2480
2019	First Nation	40	40	20	0	0	0	0	80	0	40

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	40	11	6	4	1	0	79	10	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	33	10	6	4	1	1	80	10	2410
2024	First Nation	44	35	14	0	6	0	0	80	6	40
2024	Métis	39	37	9	12	0	4	0	79	12	30
2022	Indigenous	49	33	11	5	1	0	0	83	6	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	31	9	6	3	1	1	82	9	2800
2022	First Nation	51	31	8	8	2	0	0	82	11	45
2022	Métis	51	34	13	2	0	0	0	85	2	45
2020	Indigenous	52	22	13	6	5	1	1	76	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	31	10	5	4	1	1	80	10	2830
2020	First Nation	53	25	14	4	2	2	0	79	6	50
2019	Indigenous	39	29	13	10	8	0	0	68	19	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	33	11	7	5	1	1	77	12	2465
2019	First Nation	42	26	17	5	9	0	0	69	14	40

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	49	30	12	2	7	0	0	78	9	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	27	10	5	4	0	0	80	10	2415
2024	First Nation	47	30	14	3	5	0	0	78	8	40
2024	Métis	58	26	12	0	3	0	0	85	3	30
2022	Indigenous	60	24	11	4	1	0	0	84	5	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	26	9	5	3	0	0	83	8	2805
2022	First Nation	60	25	7	6	2	0	0	85	8	45
2022	Métis	65	21	15	0	0	0	0	85	0	45
2020	Indigenous	62	18	11	4	3	1	0	81	8	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	26	8	6	4	0	1	83	9	2835
2020	First Nation	69	12	13	2	2	2	0	83	4	50
2019	Indigenous	39	36	11	7	7	0	0	75	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	30	10	7	4	1	0	79	11	2475
2019	First Nation	41	30	15	5	9	0	0	71	14	40

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	21	20	7	4	8	1	65	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	30	13	7	5	9	1	72	13	2415
2024	First Nation	34	21	30	8	2	3	2	58	10	40
2024	Métis	42	24	4	5	9	16	0	79	17	30
2022	Indigenous	46	28	13	3	3	6	0	79	7	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	28	11	5	3	8	0	79	9	2805
2022	First Nation	46	31	16	0	4	4	0	80	4	45
2022	Métis	49	21	12	7	2	9	0	78	10	45
2020	Indigenous	45	26	7	5	5	11	0	80	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	29	11	5	2	8	0	80	8	2835
2020	First Nation	48	19	11	6	4	12	0	76	12	50
2019	Indigenous	33	24	17	10	7	8	0	62	19	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	32	14	8	5	8	0	71	14	2475
2019	First Nation	34	21	16	12	10	7	0	59	24	40

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	27	31	18	18	4	3	60	22	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	31	15	12	9	3	62	22	2410
2024	First Nation	19	33	25	21	3	0	52	23	40
2024	Métis	38	27	10	12	6	8	70	19	30
2022	Indigenous	39	27	16	8	4	5	70	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	32	13	9	6	3	72	15	2805
2022	First Nation	39	30	19	6	2	4	72	9	45
2022	Métis	43	21	12	10	6	7	69	18	45
2020	Indigenous	38	31	11	11	6	2	71	18	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	33	13	9	4	2	73	13	2830
2020	First Nation	38	33	17	9	2	2	73	11	50
2019	Indigenous	26	28	18	12	11	5	57	24	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	33	17	12	7	2	62	20	2470

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	36	11	19	9	4	0	59	29	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	20	28	20	14	11	7	0	52	27	2410
2024	First Nation	12	45	12	24	7	0	0	57	31	40
2024	Métis	30	28	10	7	14	11	0	65	23	30
2022	Indigenous	32	27	19	12	4	5	0	62	17	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	33	16	13	6	6	0	63	20	2805
2022	First Nation	32	27	20	13	5	4	0	61	18	45
2022	Métis	35	25	17	12	4	7	0	65	18	45
2020	Indigenous	25	37	13	11	5	8	1	67	18	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	34	18	10	5	6	0	65	16	2825
2020	First Nation	23	37	15	15	0	11	0	67	16	50
2019	Indigenous	20	24	15	15	15	11	0	50	34	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	32	20	15	8	6	0	55	24	2465
2019	First Nation	19	20	16	14	18	13	0	45	37	40

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	24	32	12	19	9	4	58	29	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	20	33	18	16	10	3	54	27	2415
2024	First Nation	17	36	12	27	6	2	54	34	40
2024	Métis	33	32	11	7	11	7	70	19	30
2022	Indigenous	24	32	15	18	7	4	58	26	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	36	13	13	7	3	65	21	2805
2022	First Nation	20	35	11	21	9	4	58	31	45
2022	Métis	27	28	18	15	6	5	59	22	45
2020	Indigenous	29	41	13	8	5	4	73	14	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	38	14	12	5	2	68	17	2835
2020	First Nation	29	46	11	7	2	6	80	9	50
2019	Indigenous	13	30	21	13	18	5	45	33	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	33	19	18	10	3	52	28	2480
2019	First Nation	16	33	21	9	15	5	52	26	40

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	42	15	9	6	1	70	15	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	38	15	10	7	0	68	18	2415
2024	First Nation	29	38	16	11	6	0	67	17	40
2024	Métis	34	39	12	6	6	2	75	12	30
2022	Indigenous	32	35	15	10	7	0	68	17	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	37	11	10	6	0	73	16	2805
2022	First Nation	37	29	15	6	13	0	66	19	45
2022	Métis	30	41	14	15	0	0	71	15	45
2020	Indigenous	38	42	6	8	6	0	80	14	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	39	11	11	5	0	73	16	2825
2020	First Nation	47	39	4	6	4	0	86	10	50
2019	Indigenous	20	38	12	16	15	0	58	31	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	39	12	13	9	0	66	21	2470
2019	First Nation	21	44	10	14	10	0	65	24	40

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	45	9	11	3	77	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	46	9	7	3	81	10	2415
2024	First Nation	35	51	7	7	0	86	7	40
2024	Métis	30	42	14	12	3	72	14	30
2022	Indigenous	36	39	17	7	1	76	8	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	46	7	6	2	85	8	2805
2022	First Nation	38	48	9	5	0	86	5	45
2022	Métis	33	32	26	6	2	66	8	45
2020	Indigenous	33	45	12	5	4	78	10	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	43	11	8	2	80	10	2820
2020	First Nation	38	46	12	4	0	83	4	45
2019	Indigenous	20	46	9	18	6	67	24	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	44	12	10	3	75	13	2455
2019	First Nation	25	45	7	23	0	70	23	40

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	41	26	18	5	10	0	1	67	15	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	34	11	7	6	0	0	76	13	2410
2024	First Nation	43	25	18	4	9	0	0	68	13	40
2024	Métis	45	23	16	6	9	0	0	69	16	30
2022	Indigenous	43	40	10	3	4	0	1	83	7	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	34	10	8	4	1	0	78	12	2805
2022	First Nation	41	39	7	6	6	0	0	80	12	45
2022	Métis	45	40	11	0	2	0	2	87	2	45
2020	Indigenous	46	27	14	8	4	0	1	74	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	33	10	8	4	0	0	77	12	2830
2020	First Nation	44	31	17	6	2	0	0	75	8	50
2019	Indigenous	32	36	10	11	11	1	0	69	22	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	34	12	8	6	1	1	73	14	2480
2019	First Nation	36	35	12	5	12	0	0	71	17	40

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	35	11	13	4	71	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	43	9	10	3	78	13	2400
2024	First Nation	36	36	9	14	4	73	18	40
2024	Métis	43	30	15	10	3	72	12	30
2022	Indigenous	36	40	9	12	2	76	14	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	42	7	8	3	83	10	2805
2022	First Nation	40	42	8	6	4	82	10	45
2022	Métis	33	39	11	18	0	72	18	45
2020	Indigenous	45	35	9	8	3	80	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	41	9	8	2	81	10	2810
2020	First Nation	44	35	11	7	4	79	10	45
2019	Indigenous	25	40	21	7	6	66	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	44	10	11	3	76	14	2460
2019	First Nation	29	38	21	5	7	67	12	40

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	29	14	7	3	2	0	75	10	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	26	11	5	5	1	1	79	10	2410
2024	First Nation	52	22	17	6	2	2	0	75	8	40
2024	Métis	44	39	5	9	3	0	0	83	12	30
2022	Indigenous	53	28	12	4	1	2	0	82	5	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	25	10	5	3	2	1	81	9	2805
2022	First Nation	53	25	12	4	2	4	0	81	7	45
2022	Métis	56	29	13	3	0	0	0	85	3	45
2020	Indigenous	49	24	9	7	4	7	0	79	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	25	11	5	5	2	1	78	10	2825
2020	First Nation	53	23	12	4	4	4	0	79	8	50

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	26	37	18	9	9	1	63	18	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	36	16	13	10	2	59	24	2415
2024	First Nation	25	43	20	7	4	0	68	12	40
2024	Métis	31	31	12	14	12	0	62	26	30
2022	Indigenous	22	35	21	7	13	1	58	20	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	36	14	12	8	3	65	20	2805
2022	First Nation	20	42	23	5	11	0	62	15	45
2022	Métis	23	29	22	8	16	2	53	24	45
2020	Indigenous	22	34	11	23	8	2	58	31	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	36	16	12	8	2	63	21	2825
2020	First Nation	29	35	9	19	8	0	64	27	50
2019	Indigenous	15	26	23	15	18	4	43	34	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	33	16	15	13	2	54	29	2475
2019	First Nation	14	28	20	12	21	4	45	34	40

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	48	21	12	8	8	0	3	50	50	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	23	17	9	8	1	4	39	61	2410
2024	First Nation	51	13	15	9	10	0	3	52	48	40
2024	Métis	42	33	6	10	6	0	3	43	57	30
2022	Indigenous	38	19	28	8	1	4	3			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	25	15	7	6	2	5			2805
2022	First Nation	32	22	31	4	2	5	4			45
2022	Métis	42	14	26	13	0	3	2			45
2020	Indigenous	39	28	14	10	2	3	3			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	22	16	7	5	1	4			2840
2020	First Nation	42	31	13	8	0	2	4			50
2019	Indigenous	39	26	19	6	7	0	4			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	24	14	6	4	1	4			2480
2019	First Nation	45	30	13	7	5	0	0			40

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	66	6	7	2	7	0	12	75	25	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	60	9	7	3	4	2	16	73	27	2410
2024	First Nation	63	11	7	0	6	0	13	72	28	40
2024	Métis	79	0	9	6	3	0	3	81	19	30

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	14	5	1	7	5	5	71	29	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	68	9	5	2	3	5	7	78	22	2410
2024	First Nation	59	20	4	2	6	4	5	64	36	40
2024	Métis	79	6	4	0	6	2	3	84	16	30
2022	Indigenous	71	11	4	3	2	6	3			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	7	4	1	2	5	7			2800
2022	First Nation	69	15	4	2	2	6	2			45
2022	Métis	74	6	4	4	2	5	4			45
2020	Indigenous	71	6	7	4	6	5	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	8	4	2	2	5	4			2830
2020	First Nation	71	4	4	6	6	6	2			50
2019	Indigenous	55	11	8	5	9	6	5			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	8	4	2	3	5	4			2465

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	71	8	5	2	2	0	11	80	20	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	71	6	4	2	2	2	13	84	16	2410
2024	First Nation	69	12	3	2	2	0	12	78	22	40
2024	Métis	78	4	7	3	3	0	5	82	18	30

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	57	16	10	4	5	2	6	62	38	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	10	7	4	4	3	11	72	28	2410
2024	First Nation	54	23	5	2	7	0	8	58	42	40
2024	Métis	59	8	15	5	7	0	5	62	38	30

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	31	11	17	18	0	1	54	35	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	16	32	12	17	19	2	2	50	38	2410
2024	First Nation	23	41	7	16	13	0	0	64	29	40
2024	Métis	26	27	11	15	21	0	0	54	36	30
2022	Indigenous	20	25	12	27	11	5	1	47	40	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	33	11	15	15	2	1	57	31	2805
2022	First Nation	21	26	8	28	11	5	2	50	41	45
2022	Métis	21	24	16	26	11	2	0	46	37	45
2020	Indigenous	15	21	13	20	25	2	4	39	48	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	29	14	17	16	2	2	51	34	2840
2020	First Nation	23	21	13	13	22	2	5	48	38	50
2019	Indigenous	10	23	8	24	31	5	0	35	57	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	26	14	17	21	2	2	46	40	2480
2019	First Nation	11	26	6	22	30	4	0	39	55	40

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	21	26	27	14	11	0	0	47	25	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	38	14	14	8	0	0	64	21	2410
2024	First Nation	26	30	18	15	12	0	0	55	26	40
2024	Métis	19	21	43	9	8	0	0	40	17	30
2022	Indigenous	34	32	15	14	5	0	0	67	18	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	40	13	10	5	0	0	71	16	2805
2022	First Nation	30	36	20	12	2	0	0	66	14	45
2022	Métis	40	27	11	16	6	0	0	66	22	45
2020	Indigenous	32	37	16	11	4	0	1	69	15	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	40	14	11	4	0	0	71	16	2810
2020	First Nation	33	40	15	10	2	0	0	73	12	50
2019	Indigenous	23	36	15	18	7	1	0	59	26	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	37	16	14	7	0	0	64	21	2455
2019	First Nation	19	40	16	17	6	3	0	60	24	40

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	29	37	20	11	2	1	67	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	39	16	9	5	0	71	14	2410
2024	First Nation	32	42	18	7	2	0	73	9	40
2024	Métis	31	31	24	10	0	4	64	10	30
2022	Indigenous	43	30	18	7	2	0	73	9	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	37	13	7	4	0	75	11	2805
2022	First Nation	43	29	20	8	0	0	72	8	45
2022	Métis	44	29	14	9	4	0	73	13	45
2020	Indigenous	38	35	16	6	4	0	74	10	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	13	8	3	0	75	12	2820
2020	First Nation	43	36	13	8	0	0	79	8	50
2019	Indigenous	28	31	17	11	14	0	59	25	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	16	10	6	0	68	16	2465
2019	First Nation	26	30	17	12	14	0	57	26	40

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	38	17	12	5	66	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	41	12	9	4	74	13	2410
2024	First Nation	24	46	10	13	7	70	20	40
2024	Métis	40	27	20	12	2	66	14	30
2022	Indigenous	31	41	17	11	0	72	11	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	38	11	9	3	77	12	2805
2022	First Nation	28	46	15	12	0	73	12	45
2022	Métis	32	37	22	8	0	70	8	45
2020	Indigenous	34	45	9	7	5	79	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	43	10	9	3	78	12	2825
2020	First Nation	38	43	8	11	0	81	11	50
2019	Indigenous	19	38	17	16	8	58	25	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	42	13	10	5	72	15	2440
2019	Métis	20	41	18	11	10	61	21	40

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	19	37	17	13	10	4	58	24	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	40	20	10	6	5	61	17	2410
2024	First Nation	17	43	13	17	6	5	63	24	40
2024	Métis	24	32	21	9	9	4	59	19	30
2022	Indigenous	22	46	15	6	5	6	72	12	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	40	18	9	3	4	68	13	2805
2022	First Nation	20	58	9	7	5	2	79	12	45
2022	Métis	24	33	24	3	6	10	63	11	45
2020	Indigenous	16	46	16	11	5	6	66	17	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	44	19	9	3	4	69	12	2830
2020	First Nation	16	50	15	8	4	6	70	13	50
2019	Indigenous	13	35	19	20	7	6	51	29	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	39	23	12	4	5	59	17	2475
2019	First Nation	12	37	21	22	2	5	52	25	40

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	34	16	8	13	64	20	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	33	13	12	11	64	23	2410
2024	First Nation	32	23	18	9	19	54	28	40
2024	Métis	31	45	12	3	10	76	13	30
2022	Indigenous	40	33	11	14	3	72	17	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	35	9	11	7	74	17	2805
2022	First Nation	46	35	8	9	2	81	11	45
2022	Métis	35	28	16	19	2	62	21	45
2020	Indigenous	40	32	9	14	6	72	20	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	35	11	12	5	72	17	2820
2020	First Nation	45	29	8	13	5	74	18	45
2019	Indigenous	27	38	13	11	11	65	22	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	35	10	11	7	72	17	2470
2019	First Nation	29	39	13	7	12	68	19	40

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	34	14	20	6	1	60	26	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	33	20	11	9	0	59	20	2415
2024	First Nation	9	43	12	24	9	2	54	34	40
2024	Métis	42	28	16	14	0	0	70	14	30
2022	Indigenous	18	37	20	17	9	0	55	25	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	31	21	11	10	0	58	21	2805
2022	First Nation	19	31	23	19	7	0	50	26	45
2022	Métis	16	45	18	10	10	0	62	20	45
2020	Indigenous	27	33	12	18	8	1	61	27	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	32	21	14	10	0	55	24	2815
2020	First Nation	29	36	13	20	2	0	65	22	45
2019	Indigenous	26	31	27	6	10	0	58	16	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	32	21	12	9	0	59	20	2460
2019	Métis	22	25	33	5	15	0	46	20	40

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	54	24	9	7	5	0	0	79	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	24	7	4	4	3	2	84	9	2410
2024	First Nation	59	16	16	9	0	0	0	75	9	40
2024	Métis	50	29	0	7	14	0	0	79	21	30
2022	Indigenous	61	25	9	1	1	1	2	89	2	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	24	6	3	2	3	1	88	5	2805
2022	First Nation	67	27	4	0	0	0	2	96	0	45
2022	Métis	59	20	14	0	2	3	2	83	2	45

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	29	36	34	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	38	32	2410
2024	First Nation	26	37	37	40
2024	Métis	26	42	32	30
2022	Indigenous	26	35	39	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	38	31	2805
2022	First Nation	26	34	40	45
2022	Métis	26	38	36	45
2020	Indigenous	19	38	43	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	44	37	2835
2020	First Nation	16	38	46	50
2019	Indigenous	25	22	53	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	40	38	2490
2019	First Nation	22	25	53	40

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	To retire (%)	To pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	To pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	To pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	End of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Other reason (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	19	42	9	15	12	3	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	36	24	8	9	6	715
2024	First Nation	27	41	7	14	11	0	10
2022	Indigenous	12	36	33	16	0	3	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	40	21	8	6	9	855
2022	First Nation	24	39	23	9	0	6	10
2022	Métis	0	35	40	25	0	0	10
2020	Indigenous	23	26	38	0	12	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	36	29	6	4	7	555
2019	Indigenous	4	15	42	9	22	9	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	34	30	8	6	7	545

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	43	43	3	4	6	0	86	10	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	41	8	4	2	0	86	6	2410
2024	First Nation	53	40	2	3	3	0	93	5	40
2024	Métis	32	52	6	2	8	0	84	10	30
2022	Indigenous	46	45	6	2	0	1	91	2	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	37	7	3	1	0	89	4	2800
2022	First Nation	51	42	4	2	0	0	94	2	45
2022	Métis	41	48	9	0	0	2	90	0	45
2020	Indigenous	46	41	8	2	3	0	86	6	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	39	8	4	1	0	87	5	2815
2020	First Nation	48	41	4	4	2	0	89	7	50
2019	Indigenous	30	47	14	5	3	0	77	8	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	42	11	5	2	0	82	7	2460
2019	First Nation	33	40	19	8	0	0	73	8	40

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	22	48	16	7	5	2	0	71	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	46	17	10	4	2	0	69	14	2410
2024	First Nation	26	42	19	9	3	2	0	69	12	40
2024	Métis	20	63	7	0	6	4	0	87	6	30
2022	Indigenous	21	43	23	11	0	1	0	65	12	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	45	15	8	2	1	0	75	10	2800
2022	First Nation	17	47	22	14	0	0	0	64	14	45
2022	Métis	24	38	26	9	0	3	0	64	9	45
2020	Indigenous	24	47	17	9	2	0	1	72	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	45	17	6	1	1	0	75	8	2835
2020	First Nation	24	61	6	9	0	0	0	85	9	45
2019	Indigenous	25	38	18	12	6	2	0	64	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	44	18	9	3	2	0	69	12	2480
2019	First Nation	27	39	19	9	5	2	0	67	15	40

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	10	18	34	21	13	0	5	35	29	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	22	36	21	10	1	2	31	31	2410
2024	First Nation	13	14	39	19	15	0	0	34	27	40
2024	Métis	6	18	29	22	13	0	12	40	27	30
2022	Indigenous	10	24	32	22	10	0	3	32	35	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	20	36	23	11	1	2	35	28	2800
2022	First Nation	6	18	28	36	9	0	3	46	25	45
2022	Métis	10	32	37	8	11	0	2	19	43	45
2020	Indigenous	9	21	36	20	12	1	0	33	30	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	21	40	22	10	1	1	32	28	2825
2020	First Nation	6	19	38	22	15	0	0	37	25	45
2019	Indigenous	11	27	30	20	11	0	0	31	38	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	22	39	21	8	1	1	30	30	2480
2019	First Nation	18	23	28	15	16	0	0	31	41	40

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	11	22	34	15	11	2	5	28	35	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	24	33	18	8	1	3	27	39	2405
2024	First Nation	13	15	35	15	18	3	0	35	29	40
2024	Métis	15	20	34	16	3	0	12	22	39	30
2022	Indigenous	15	23	36	15	7	0	4	23	39	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	21	34	19	10	2	3	31	33	2800
2022	First Nation	18	16	40	20	5	0	2	25	34	45
2022	Métis	14	32	28	11	10	0	5	22	48	45
2020	Indigenous	12	21	29	25	8	2	3	34	35	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	21	34	23	10	2	2	33	31	2820
2020	First Nation	12	23	33	17	10	2	2	29	37	50
2019	Indigenous	18	23	28	18	13	0	0	31	41	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	23	32	19	8	2	2	28	39	2470
2019	First Nation	18	20	27	19	17	0	0	36	37	40

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	7	15	33	22	17	0	5	41	24	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	21	35	22	10	0	2	32	32	2410
2024	First Nation	11	17	29	24	19	0	0	43	28	40
2024	Métis	3	14	31	23	17	0	12	46	19	30
2022	Indigenous	8	20	34	31	5	0	2	37	28	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	35	21	12	1	2	34	30	2800
2022	First Nation	11	18	33	29	9	0	0	38	29	45
2022	Métis	4	21	37	32	2	0	4	35	26	45
2020	Indigenous	8	11	39	28	12	0	1	41	19	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	21	36	23	9	0	1	33	31	2820
2020	First Nation	4	11	41	29	15	0	0	44	15	45
2019	Indigenous	11	19	36	18	16	0	0	34	30	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	20	38	23	9	1	1	32	29	2465
2019	First Nation	13	14	34	20	19	0	0	39	27	40

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	18	21	24	16	11	5	5	30	44	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	22	28	19	12	1	3	32	39	2405
2024	First Nation	22	26	17	18	10	7	0	30	52	40
2024	Métis	16	14	23	15	16	4	12	37	36	30
2022	Indigenous	12	27	28	19	11	1	2	32	40	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	21	27	20	15	2	4	37	35	2800
2022	First Nation	13	28	22	22	15	0	0	37	41	45
2022	Métis	10	27	33	14	10	2	4	26	39	45
2020	Indigenous	14	22	36	15	11	1	0	27	37	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	23	30	21	11	2	1	33	37	2825
2020	First Nation	10	24	34	12	19	0	0	31	34	45
2019	Indigenous	15	24	26	22	9	3	0	33	40	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	23	30	19	10	2	2	30	39	2470
2019	First Nation	14	26	21	22	16	0	0	38	40	40

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	10	22	20	19	18	4	7	42	36	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	16	28	24	15	4	5	43	26	2410
2024	First Nation	11	30	16	17	17	7	3	37	45	40
2024	Métis	6	10	23	25	22	0	14	55	18	30
2022	Indigenous	10	21	29	22	11	4	2	35	34	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	16	29	22	16	4	5	42	27	2805
2022	First Nation	9	28	26	21	13	2	2	35	38	45
2022	Métis	12	16	33	19	11	6	3	33	31	45
2020	Indigenous	9	13	27	27	15	7	2	46	24	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	13	28	31	18	3	2	51	19	2815
2020	First Nation	2	12	29	26	19	9	2	51	17	50
2019	Indigenous	19	22	24	13	15	5	2	30	44	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	19	30	24	12	3	2	38	30	2470
2019	First Nation	17	22	19	17	16	4	5	37	43	40

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	13	16	35	18	10	2	7	30	32	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	21	34	17	10	3	3	29	35	2410
2024	First Nation	16	16	38	17	8	4	0	27	33	40
2024	Métis	12	9	37	17	13	0	13	35	23	30
2022	Indigenous	11	25	35	17	10	2	0	28	37	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	21	34	19	12	3	3	32	32	2800
2022	First Nation	14	16	38	15	15	2	0	31	30	45
2022	Métis	8	34	34	16	6	2	0	22	43	45
2020	Indigenous	7	26	31	19	9	6	2	30	36	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	21	35	21	11	2	1	33	30	2820
2020	First Nation	4	31	30	18	10	7	0	30	38	50
2019	Indigenous	16	21	36	8	15	4	0	24	39	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	22	34	19	9	2	2	28	37	2465
2019	First Nation	13	16	34	5	26	5	0	33	31	40

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	8	13	28	30	16	0	5	48	22	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	15	37	26	13	1	2	41	21	2410
2024	First Nation	12	11	26	31	20	0	0	51	23	40
2024	Métis	8	13	32	24	11	0	12	40	24	30
2022	Indigenous	3	14	45	23	14	0	0	38	17	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	13	37	28	16	0	2	45	17	2805
2022	First Nation	6	13	45	19	18	0	0	37	19	45
2022	Métis	0	17	48	26	10	0	0	35	17	45
2020	Indigenous	9	23	46	16	5	0	1	21	32	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	23	42	20	8	0	0	28	30	2825
2020	First Nation	7	23	43	19	8	0	0	27	30	50
2019	Indigenous	17	18	38	14	11	1	0	26	35	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	22	38	19	9	1	1	28	33	2470
2019	First Nation	14	12	41	15	18	0	0	33	26	40

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	13	34	19	17	14	3	49	32	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	34	21	20	10	3	47	32	2410
2024	First Nation	5	38	21	16	15	6	45	33	40
2024	Métis	24	30	14	20	11	0	54	32	30
2022	Indigenous	15	38	20	16	9	2	54	25	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	36	20	16	7	3	55	25	2805
2022	First Nation	9	41	27	13	8	2	51	21	45
2022	Métis	22	30	15	22	9	2	53	32	45
2020	Indigenous	24	32	18	17	9	0	56	26	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	40	19	14	4	4	61	19	2815
2020	First Nation	28	39	15	16	2	0	66	19	50
2019	Indigenous	12	32	16	18	13	8	49	34	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	32	25	19	7	4	47	27	2465
2019	First Nation	13	29	19	23	7	9	45	34	40

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	32	6	14	10	1	70	24	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	32	9	9	5	2	77	14	2410
2024	First Nation	35	34	9	12	9	0	69	21	40
2024	Métis	44	31	0	17	6	2	77	23	30
2022	Indigenous	51	28	4	8	6	3	81	15	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	32	8	6	4	2	81	11	2800
2022	First Nation	52	32	5	6	4	0	84	11	45
2022	Métis	51	22	4	8	8	7	79	17	45
2020	Indigenous	41	31	7	11	5	4	75	17	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	32	9	9	5	2	77	14	2830
2020	First Nation	49	29	9	4	6	2	80	11	50
2019	Indigenous	22	34	15	15	13	1	57	29	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	11	10	7	1	72	17	2470
2019	First Nation	24	30	15	17	14	0	54	31	40

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	44	8	6	4	0	81	11	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	35	6	6	2	0	86	8	2410
2024	First Nation	35	42	9	8	6	0	77	14	40
2024	Métis	46	42	8	0	3	0	88	3	30
2022	Indigenous	64	25	5	2	3	0	90	5	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	32	4	3	2	0	91	5	2800
2022	First Nation	71	18	7	2	2	0	89	4	45
2022	Métis	61	29	4	2	4	0	90	6	45
2020	Indigenous	50	27	10	10	2	1	78	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	35	6	5	1	0	88	6	2820
2020	First Nation	53	28	9	6	2	2	83	8	50
2019	Indigenous	37	33	12	10	8	0	70	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	37	7	8	3	0	82	11	2475
2019	First Nation	35	31	12	16	5	0	66	21	40

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	41	17	7	3	1	73	10	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	38	8	4	2	1	85	6	2410
2024	First Nation	36	40	16	9	0	0	75	9	40
2024	Métis	29	42	23	3	3	0	71	7	30
2022	Indigenous	53	32	11	1	3	0	85	4	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	36	7	3	2	1	88	5	2800
2022	First Nation	56	32	11	0	2	0	87	2	45
2022	Métis	53	30	10	3	4	0	83	7	45
2020	Indigenous	51	33	9	3	3	1	85	6	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	37	8	4	2	1	86	6	2810
2020	First Nation	54	29	9	2	4	2	85	6	50
2019	Indigenous	32	38	18	7	3	1	71	11	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	39	10	5	2	1	82	7	2475
2019	First Nation	30	41	17	10	2	0	71	12	40

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	17	53	5	15	10	1	0	71	24	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	40	14	10	6	3	0	69	17	2410
2024	First Nation	16	55	7	13	9	0	0	71	22	40
2024	Métis	18	57	0	17	6	3	0	77	23	30
2022	Indigenous	33	34	18	7	5	1	1	69	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	41	12	7	4	2	0	77	11	2805
2022	First Nation	26	46	12	9	7	0	0	72	16	45
2022	Métis	39	23	25	6	4	2	2	64	10	45
2020	Indigenous	26	41	16	12	3	2	0	68	16	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	42	14	8	3	2	0	74	12	2820
2020	First Nation	23	49	13	6	4	4	0	76	11	50
2019	Indigenous	22	30	22	12	9	4	0	54	23	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	42	16	9	4	2	0	71	13	2465
2019	First Nation	24	29	17	19	9	2	0	54	28	40

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	47	5	7	10	4	2	77	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	38	12	7	4	6	1	76	12	2410
2024	First Nation	20	52	6	7	9	2	4	77	17	40
2024	Métis	33	46	2	7	3	8	0	86	11	30
2022	Indigenous	30	34	20	11	0	5	0	67	12	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	37	11	5	2	6	0	80	8	2805
2022	First Nation	28	40	19	13	0	0	0	68	13	45
2022	Métis	30	27	25	8	0	10	0	64	9	45
2020	Indigenous	36	32	18	6	4	3	1	71	10	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	13	5	2	4	0	79	8	2830
2020	First Nation	37	29	20	8	4	2	0	68	12	50
2019	Indigenous	29	35	20	7	7	1	1	65	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	38	13	5	2	4	0	79	8	2460
2019	First Nation	24	35	22	7	9	3	0	61	17	40

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	42	5	11	4	80	15	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	38	8	7	4	81	11	2415
2024	First Nation	33	45	7	13	2	78	15	40
2024	Métis	51	35	2	8	3	86	12	30
2022	Indigenous	50	33	9	5	2	84	7	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	34	6	5	2	87	7	2810
2022	First Nation	56	29	8	5	2	85	7	45
2022	Métis	48	35	8	6	2	83	8	45
2020	Indigenous	53	25	11	8	3	78	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	33	8	5	2	86	7	2820
2020	First Nation	51	34	9	6	0	85	6	50
2019	Indigenous	35	32	15	9	9	67	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	37	9	6	3	82	9	2475
2019	First Nation	31	35	17	12	5	67	17	40

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	25	16	12	7	1	2	64	20	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	29	11	8	5	7	5	72	16	2410
2024	First Nation	32	27	18	15	8	0	0	59	23	40
2024	Métis	45	21	11	7	8	4	4	72	16	30
2022	Indigenous	40	28	9	7	5	9	2	76	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	28	10	5	3	7	5	79	10	2805
2022	First Nation	43	30	7	9	5	7	0	79	14	45
2022	Métis	36	27	10	8	4	11	4	74	15	45

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	34	24	19	11	10	1	2	60	21	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	28	12	9	5	8	6	70	17	2405
2024	First Nation	32	24	22	10	12	0	0	56	22	40
2024	Métis	38	21	18	7	8	4	4	64	16	30
2022	Indigenous	35	25	11	14	7	8	1	65	23	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	28	10	6	3	8	6	77	11	2805
2022	First Nation	39	28	8	12	7	7	0	71	20	45
2022	Métis	29	22	10	20	7	10	2	58	30	45

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	19	31	22	8	6	10	3	58	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	27	21	5	2	16	1	67	8	2410
2024	First Nation	20	33	22	7	8	4	6	59	17	40
2024	Métis	25	27	21	12	3	13	0	59	17	30
2022	Indigenous	32	28	19	5	2	14	0	69	8	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	31	19	4	1	11	1	74	5	2805
2022	First Nation	29	36	21	8	2	4	0	67	11	45
2022	Métis	34	25	17	2	2	21	0	74	5	45
2020	Indigenous	34	33	17	8	2	6	1	71	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	36	15	5	2	6	0	78	7	2830
2020	First Nation	32	35	19	6	2	6	0	71	9	50

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	30	13	10	14	4	1	61	26	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	32	10	8	5	7	4	74	14	2410
2024	First Nation	25	37	5	15	15	2	2	64	31	40
2024	Métis	37	16	22	6	11	8	0	58	19	30
2022	Indigenous	38	26	8	10	8	6	3	71	20	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	32	9	5	4	6	4	80	10	2805
2022	First Nation	39	28	10	13	7	2	0	69	21	45
2022	Métis	38	24	4	8	9	10	6	75	20	45
2020	Indigenous	37	30	12	5	12	3	0	69	18	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	31	11	7	4	5	2	77	11	2825
2020	First Nation	38	41	6	4	11	0	0	79	15	50

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	6	25	27	14	6	20	2	40	26	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	17	23	5	4	38	5	45	15	2405
2024	First Nation	8	26	27	12	9	18	0	42	26	40
2024	Métis	4	25	26	12	3	25	4	41	22	30
2022	Indigenous	7	19	25	3	5	41	0	45	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	18	20	3	3	38	3	54	11	2805
2022	First Nation	7	24	29	2	7	32	0	45	13	45
2022	Métis	8	15	24	4	2	46	0	43	12	45

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	12	21	14	30	19	2	18	56	45

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	17	31	25	14	9	4	0	50	24	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	28	17	10	7	11	5	60	20	2410
2024	First Nation	17	28	26	18	8	3	0	47	27	40
2024	Métis	15	35	28	9	6	6	0	54	16	30
2022	Indigenous	24	30	14	8	2	17	4	69	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	29	17	6	4	12	6	66	13	2800
2022	First Nation	31	28	20	6	2	13	0	68	10	45
2022	Métis	20	32	9	9	2	19	9	72	16	45
2020	Indigenous	25	18	19	15	6	13	3	52	25	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	28	18	9	4	11	4	63	16	2825
2020	First Nation	31	17	19	12	6	13	2	56	22	50
2019	Indigenous	18	27	17	12	18	8	1	50	32	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	29	17	11	7	7	4	60	20	2480
2019	First Nation	19	28	18	11	16	5	3	50	30	40

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	43	11	9	2	2	0	77	12	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	40	12	9	5	3	1	74	14	2410
2024	First Nation	33	37	13	13	4	0	0	70	17	40
2024	Métis	34	42	10	11	0	3	0	78	11	30
2022	Indigenous	41	32	13	9	0	4	1	77	9	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	38	12	7	3	3	1	77	11	2805
2022	First Nation	41	39	14	6	0	0	0	80	6	45
2022	Métis	39	24	13	14	0	8	2	70	16	45
2020	Indigenous	35	33	15	8	5	2	1	70	14	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	36	12	9	3	3	1	75	13	2825
2020	First Nation	42	34	7	9	6	2	0	78	15	50
2019	Indigenous	24	38	13	17	6	2	0	64	23	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	37	13	9	5	3	1	72	14	2475
2019	First Nation	24	37	8	24	5	2	0	62	30	40

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	44	14	7	4	0	75	11	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	42	15	6	4	2	75	10	2405
2024	First Nation	26	51	11	8	3	0	78	11	40
2024	Métis	40	44	8	2	6	0	84	8	30
2022	Indigenous	34	37	20	6	1	1	72	8	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	41	14	4	2	1	79	6	2805
2022	First Nation	35	37	19	7	2	0	72	9	45
2022	Métis	32	37	22	6	0	2	71	6	45
2020	Indigenous	34	39	14	7	5	1	74	12	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	38	16	5	2	1	77	7	2825
2020	First Nation	40	37	12	6	4	2	78	10	50
2019	Indigenous	26	34	22	8	6	4	63	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	39	19	7	3	2	71	10	2465
2019	Métis	22	46	15	7	8	3	69	15	40

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	15	30	14	13	13	10	5	53	31	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	22	17	14	14	14	3	46	33	2410
2024	First Nation	9	33	21	11	11	8	7	49	26	40
2024	Métis	23	30	2	17	12	12	3	63	34	30
2022	Indigenous	21	17	18	14	11	16	5	47	31	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	21	16	12	11	15	4	50	29	2805
2022	First Nation	19	24	21	18	7	9	2	47	28	45
2022	Métis	22	12	14	12	15	18	7	45	36	45
2020	Indigenous	17	21	22	13	19	5	1	42	34	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	21	18	12	13	14	3	48	31	2825
2020	First Nation	21	26	21	13	12	6	0	50	27	50
2019	Indigenous	11	16	12	22	25	14	0	32	55	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	19	20	15	16	12	3	39	37	2475
2019	First Nation	14	14	10	24	22	16	0	33	55	40

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	43	4	10	7	79	17	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	48	4	10	4	83	14	2410
2024	First Nation	26	49	3	14	8	75	22	40
2024	Métis	56	32	2	7	3	88	10	30
2022	Indigenous	33	51	3	13	0	84	13	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	45	3	10	3	84	13	2805
2022	First Nation	37	49	2	12	0	85	12	45
2022	Métis	28	56	4	12	0	83	12	45
2020	Indigenous	26	47	4	18	4	74	22	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	50	4	14	2	79	16	2840
2020	First Nation	29	45	5	19	2	74	21	45

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	31	9	18	10	1	63	28	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	34	9	14	10	1	68	24	2410
2024	First Nation	32	27	11	18	9	2	61	27	40
2024	Métis	31	35	6	22	6	0	65	28	30
2022	Indigenous	39	35	9	13	1	3	76	15	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	35	6	9	3	1	81	13	2805
2022	First Nation	51	33	6	10	0	0	84	10	45
2022	Métis	26	40	12	16	2	5	69	19	45
2020	Indigenous	35	36	10	17	1	1	72	18	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	42	9	14	4	0	73	18	2830
2020	First Nation	41	38	8	13	0	0	79	13	50
2019	Indigenous	42	32	7	12	7	0	74	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	38	6	9	4	0	80	14	2475
2019	First Nation	38	39	5	14	4	0	77	18	40

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	29	15	12	4	0	69	16	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	38	9	9	5	0	77	14	2405
2024	First Nation	40	26	12	17	4	0	66	21	40
2024	Métis	46	27	16	8	3	0	73	11	30
2022	Indigenous	51	27	12	8	1	1	79	9	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	35	7	6	2	0	84	8	2800
2022	First Nation	57	27	13	2	2	0	84	3	45
2022	Métis	42	29	11	16	0	2	73	16	45
2020	Indigenous	43	31	4	19	3	0	74	22	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	37	9	9	2	0	80	11	2805
2020	First Nation	51	26	4	15	4	0	77	19	45
2019	Indigenous	37	27	15	13	6	3	66	19	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	40	9	6	3	0	81	9	2450

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	76	11	2	6	3	2	89	9	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	67	18	4	6	3	2	86	9	2410
2024	First Nation	72	13	4	6	2	4	89	8	40
2024	Métis	84	9	0	4	3	0	93	7	30

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	61	21	3	10	3	2	84	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	19	6	9	4	2	80	14	2410
2024	First Nation	61	16	5	12	2	4	80	15	40
2024	Métis	66	26	0	4	3	0	93	7	30

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	84	7	4	0	0	2	3	96	0	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	83	9	3	1	2	0	2	94	3	2415
2024	First Nation	80	6	7	0	0	0	6	92	0	40
2024	Métis	89	6	0	0	0	4	0	100	0	30
2022	Indigenous	91	4	1	1	1	0	1	97	2	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	85	8	2	2	1	0	2	95	3	2805
2022	First Nation	89	9	0	0	0	0	2	100	0	45
2022	Métis	93	0	2	2	2	0	0	93	4	45
2019	Indigenous	74	15	5	1	4	0	1	90	5	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	10	3	2	2	0	2	93	3	2465
2019	First Nation	79	14	3	0	2	0	3	95	2	40

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	28	10	7	3	17	5	75	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	23	12	5	3	10	3	77	10	2410
2024	First Nation	32	29	11	7	2	13	6	76	10	40
2024	Métis	39	16	10	7	4	20	3	72	15	30
2022	Indigenous	49	19	7	2	1	17	5	87	4	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	22	12	5	3	11	4	77	9	2805
2022	First Nation	47	28	6	2	2	9	6	88	5	45
2022	Métis	52	11	8	2	0	21	7	86	3	45
2020	Indigenous	51	16	9	3	3	14	3	81	8	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	22	11	4	3	9	3	79	9	2830
2020	First Nation	59	16	6	2	0	16	0	90	3	50
2019	Indigenous	44	23	5	6	3	16	4	83	11	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	22	13	5	3	11	2	76	9	2480
2019	Métis	37	22	7	13	0	15	5	75	16	40

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	18	82	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	2410
2024	First Nation	21	79	40
2022	Indigenous	9	91	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2805
2022	Métis	13	87	45
2020	Indigenous	15	85	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2830
2020	First Nation	12	88	50
2019	Indigenous	25	75	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2485
2019	First Nation	28	72	40

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	63	37	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	50	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	220
2020	Indigenous	57	43	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	53	230
2019	Indigenous	54	46	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	290

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	36	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	39	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	220
2020	Indigenous	63	37	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	42	230
2019	Indigenous	46	54	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	290

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	220
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	230
2019	Indigenous	0	100	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	290
2019	First Nation	0	100	10

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	100	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	220
2020	Indigenous	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	230
2019	Indigenous	100	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	290
2019	First Nation	100	10

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	220

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	220

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	275
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	220

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	65	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220
2020	Indigenous	43	57	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	230
2019	Indigenous	50	50	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	290

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	33	67	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	58	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	220
2020	Indigenous	35	65	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	230
2019	Indigenous	36	64	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	290

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	64	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	58	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220
2020	Indigenous	55	45	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	230
2019	Indigenous	69	31	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	290

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	54	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	220
2020	Indigenous	48	52	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	230
2019	Indigenous	41	59	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	290

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	62	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	69	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	220
2020	Indigenous	36	64	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	230
2019	Indigenous	46	54	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	290
2019	First Nation	41	59	10

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	66	34	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	38	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	38	220
2020	Indigenous	36	64	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	230
2019	Indigenous	44	56	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	43	290

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	64	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	220
2019	Indigenous	45	55	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	290

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	220

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	220

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	62	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	53	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	220
2020	Indigenous	42	58	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	230
2019	Indigenous	66	34	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	290

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	220
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	230
2019	Indigenous	32	68	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	290

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	85	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	220

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	47	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	47	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	220
2020	Indigenous	56	44	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	230
2019	Indigenous	62	38	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	290

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	74	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	220
2019	Indigenous	28	72	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	290

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	220
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	230

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	220

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	220

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	220

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	220
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	230

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	220

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	68	270
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	220

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	52	48	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	23	77	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	210

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	210

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	210

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	210

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	210

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	210

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	210

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	210

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	67	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	210

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	210

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	65	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	47	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	210

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	100	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	210

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	49	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	58	42	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	210

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	260

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	260
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	210

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	8	21	14	11	5	32	9	49	28	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	12	13	6	6	43	10	48	24	2410
2024	First Nation	12	21	10	18	3	25	10	52	33	40
2022	Indigenous	10	12	12	7	3	45	10	50	22	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	11	12	5	4	46	10	53	19	2805
2022	First Nation	13	20	13	4	2	34	14	63	12	45
2020	Indigenous	15	9	16	8	10	39	4	42	31	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	14	16	6	4	39	7	51	19	2825
2020	First Nation	19	8	14	11	2	42	4	50	23	50
2019	Indigenous	10	8	30	8	11	30	2	27	29	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	15	20	7	6	33	8	44	23	2480
2019	First Nation	11	0	30	9	11	33	5	18	33	40

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	33	11	9	7	12	3	69	18	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	25	32	14	7	4	16	1	70	13	2405
2024	First Nation	32	28	9	16	3	9	2	68	22	40
2024	Métis	24	40	13	0	6	13	4	77	7	30
2022	Indigenous	30	29	14	4	2	20	0	75	8	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	13	5	3	16	1	76	9	2805
2022	First Nation	31	32	14	4	2	16	0	76	7	45
2022	Métis	28	24	14	4	2	28	0	72	8	45
2020	Indigenous	26	23	27	5	6	12	1	56	13	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	30	17	6	3	13	1	70	11	2825
2020	First Nation	28	21	32	2	2	16	0	57	5	45
2019	Indigenous	21	20	26	12	9	11	0	46	24	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	30	19	7	4	11	1	65	13	2480
2019	First Nation	16	14	37	14	7	11	0	34	24	40

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	15	85	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2410
2024	First Nation	15	85	40
2024	Métis	18	82	30
2022	Indigenous	6	94	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2805
2020	Indigenous	15	85	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2825
2020	First Nation	14	86	50
2019	Indigenous	16	84	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2480
2019	First Nation	20	80	40

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	61	39	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	67	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	185
2019	Indigenous	61	39	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	66	160

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	74	26	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	80	20	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	28	185

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	155

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	155
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	160

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	185

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	185

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	185

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	62	38	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	185
2020	Indigenous	46	54	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	155
2019	Indigenous	52	48	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	160

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	76	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	185

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	155

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	185

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	185

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	185
2019	Indigenous	38	62	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	160

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	185

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	2	98	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	155

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	185
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	160

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	76	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	185

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	155

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	56	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	185
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	160

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	155
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	160

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	185
2020	Indigenous	49	51	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	155
2019	Indigenous	38	62	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	160

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	88	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	185

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	185
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	160

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	185

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	185

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	155

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	185
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	155

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	185

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	50	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	57	43	225
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	185
2020	Indigenous	44	56	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	42	155
2019	Indigenous	39	61	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	44	160

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	180

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	55	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	180

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	180

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	180

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	180

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	2	98	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	180
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	150

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	180
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	150

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	180

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	88	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	180

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	180

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	180

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	60	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	48	52	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	180
2020	Indigenous	34	66	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	150

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	180

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	91	9	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	64	36	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	36	180

Question 69o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	215

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	100	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	83	215
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	180

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	13	21	14	5	11	25	10	53	25	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	13	15	5	4	44	7	50	18	2410
2024	Métis	22	23	9	2	6	29	8	72	13	30
2022	Indigenous	16	12	15	6	2	41	7	55	16	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	12	15	3	3	46	7	55	13	2805
2022	First Nation	17	16	17	6	2	33	8	57	15	45
2022	Métis	15	8	14	6	2	46	9	52	17	45
2020	Indigenous	16	9	17	2	10	42	4	46	22	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	14	17	3	3	42	6	56	12	2830
2020	First Nation	19	10	15	2	9	40	6	53	19	50
2019	Indigenous	14	12	17	10	9	34	4	42	30	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	14	21	4	3	38	7	49	13	2480
2019	First Nation	12	9	15	17	9	33	5	34	41	40

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	22	41	7	6	10	10	4	73	18	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	32	13	6	4	16	2	72	12	2410
2024	First Nation	16	46	6	10	12	8	2	69	25	40
2024	Métis	35	34	9	3	3	13	4	82	7	30
2022	Indigenous	29	32	15	2	3	18	1	74	7	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	33	13	4	2	15	1	77	8	2805
2022	First Nation	27	34	19	2	4	12	2	70	7	45
2022	Métis	29	27	12	2	2	26	2	78	6	45
2020	Indigenous	28	20	31	5	4	11	0	54	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	31	16	4	3	14	1	74	8	2825
2020	First Nation	27	23	31	4	2	13	0	57	7	50
2019	Indigenous	25	25	21	9	7	11	2	58	19	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	30	19	4	3	13	2	70	8	2475
2019	First Nation	19	29	21	16	7	8	0	52	25	40

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	75	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	81	2415
2024	First Nation	16	84	40
2024	Métis	30	70	30
2022	Indigenous	23	77	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2800
2022	First Nation	27	73	45
2022	Métis	19	81	45
2020	Indigenous	14	86	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2825
2020	First Nation	10	90	50
2019	Indigenous	17	83	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	2480
2019	First Nation	12	88	40

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	67	33	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	65	35	475
2022	Indigenous	70	30	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	37	350
2022	First Nation	68	32	10
2020	Indigenous	85	15	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	345

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	88	12	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	76	24	480
2022	Indigenous	80	20	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	22	345
2022	First Nation	77	23	10
2020	Indigenous	78	22	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	82	18	345
2019	Indigenous	78	22	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	84	16	390

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	22	4	16	18	0	62	34	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	35	9	15	5	1	72	20	365
2022	Indigenous	59	15	6	5	14	0	75	19	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	30	5	9	5	2	80	15	265
2020	Indigenous	80	11	0	0	9	0	91	9	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	39	6	9	3	0	82	11	280
2019	Indigenous	27	45	0	28	0	0	72	28	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	33	6	12	2	1	80	14	325

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	37	9	9	3	2	2	78	13	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	34	8	8	5	4	2	78	14	2410
2024	First Nation	38	38	12	7	2	3	0	78	9	40
2024	Métis	37	40	9	10	4	0	0	77	14	30
2022	Indigenous	52	28	7	7	2	3	0	83	10	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	34	7	5	3	3	3	84	8	2800
2022	First Nation	51	31	9	4	2	2	0	84	7	45
2022	Métis	57	23	4	9	3	5	0	83	12	45
2020	Indigenous	46	30	8	7	3	5	1	81	11	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	33	8	6	2	3	3	83	8	2825
2020	First Nation	49	27	11	2	0	8	2	85	3	45

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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	42	34	7	12	4	0	1	77	16	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	30	7	6	5	1	1	82	11	2415
2024	First Nation	36	38	5	13	5	0	2	76	18	40
2024	Métis	57	30	3	6	3	0	0	88	9	30
2022	Indigenous	54	31	6	5	3	1	0	86	8	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	32	6	5	4	1	0	85	9	2805
2022	First Nation	51	34	7	6	0	2	0	86	6	45
2022	Métis	58	26	7	4	5	0	0	84	9	45
2020	Indigenous	48	32	6	8	5	1	1	81	13	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	30	8	8	4	1	0	80	12	2825
2020	First Nation	54	32	5	8	2	0	0	85	10	50

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	10	11	17	7	39	2	13	54	25	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	6	13	8	36	7	27	67	13	2410
2024	First Nation	10	16	11	9	37	4	12	55	31	40
2024	Métis	9	5	19	6	52	0	9	64	15	30
2022	Indigenous	6	15	15	8	36	4	16	55	26	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	5	12	6	42	6	27	71	11	2805
2022	First Nation	4	16	20	12	33	5	10	53	24	45
2022	Métis	8	12	12	4	38	3	23	56	27	45

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	10	46	21	12	7	5	0	58	20	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	40	16	11	7	3	0	64	19	2410
2024	First Nation	13	45	17	15	7	4	0	60	22	40
2024	Métis	7	44	21	11	9	7	0	56	21	30
2022	Indigenous	23	46	15	11	4	1	0	70	15	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	42	14	8	4	2	0	73	12	2805
2022	First Nation	28	48	10	8	6	0	0	76	14	45
2022	Métis	18	41	18	19	2	2	0	60	21	45
2020	Indigenous	44	38	8	7	0	2	1	85	7	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	41	10	4	1	1	0	85	5	2825
2020	First Nation	51	36	4	6	0	2	0	89	7	45
2019	Indigenous	18	44	14	9	13	2	0	63	23	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	43	12	6	3	2	0	78	9	2470
2019	First Nation	19	48	15	9	5	4	0	70	15	40

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	9	26	32	29	4	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	24	40	21	8	2410
2024	First Nation	9	25	31	31	4	40
2024	Métis	11	21	38	30	0	30
2022	Indigenous	8	20	32	29	10	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	26	38	21	7	2805
2022	First Nation	8	17	36	31	8	45
2022	Métis	8	19	28	32	13	45

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	42	37	10	6	1	4	0	83	7	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	31	11	4	3	3	1	80	8	2410
2024	First Nation	40	41	11	7	0	2	0	82	7	40
2024	Métis	53	31	4	3	0	9	0	92	4	30
2022	Indigenous	53	25	11	5	1	5	0	82	6	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	30	10	4	3	3	0	83	7	2805
2022	First Nation	52	33	6	7	0	2	0	86	7	45
2022	Métis	56	16	17	2	2	7	0	77	5	45
2020	Indigenous	56	21	13	3	3	3	0	79	7	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	29	13	4	4	3	1	78	8	2810
2020	First Nation	60	22	13	4	0	0	0	83	4	50

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	30	10	13	14	0	1	63	27	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	30	8	10	10	2	0	71	21	2415
2024	First Nation	32	34	10	12	11	0	2	67	23	40
2024	Métis	38	29	6	14	12	0	0	67	26	30
2022	Indigenous	42	27	10	9	11	1	0	69	20	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	29	9	10	8	2	0	72	18	2805
2022	First Nation	40	31	9	7	11	2	0	73	18	45
2022	Métis	46	19	14	12	9	0	0	65	21	45
2020	Indigenous	32	33	6	17	12	0	0	65	28	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	29	11	14	9	2	0	66	23	2825
2020	First Nation	35	43	6	14	2	0	0	78	16	50

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	18	39	20	10	10	3	59	21	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	39	16	15	9	2	59	25	2410
2024	First Nation	16	38	19	13	11	2	56	25	40
2024	Métis	24	44	17	3	6	5	73	10	30
2022	Indigenous	25	32	13	14	10	6	61	26	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	42	12	12	6	2	69	18	2810
2022	First Nation	20	41	12	14	11	2	62	26	45
2022	Métis	29	20	18	14	8	10	55	25	45
2020	Indigenous	26	34	19	12	5	3	62	18	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	35	16	10	5	2	68	16	2825
2020	First Nation	31	28	23	15	0	2	60	16	50
2019	Indigenous	14	30	15	18	21	3	45	40	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	37	17	14	9	1	59	23	2475
2019	First Nation	17	23	14	26	19	0	40	45	40

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	10	73	10	7	0	0	0	83	7	15
2024	Non-Indigenous	16	52	11	13	6	1	0	70	19	450
2022	Indigenous	34	43	6	17	0	0	0	76	17	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	55	11	15	2	1	0	72	18	520
2019	Indigenous	22	28	11	39	0	0	0	50	39	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	51	13	10	4	1	2	72	14	460

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	27	24	12	17	0	0	20	80	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	28	21	10	15	0	2	25	75	2400
2024	First Nation	17	28	25	9	21	0	0	17	83	40
2024	Métis	26	23	22	18	11	0	0	26	74	30
2022	Indigenous	26	22	21	10	17	1	3			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	29	18	9	11	0	2			2790
2022	First Nation	27	18	20	11	20	0	4			45
2022	Métis	24	25	22	8	16	2	2			45
2020	Indigenous	28	27	28	9	7	1	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	29	23	12	10	0	1			2825
2020	First Nation	27	30	26	10	2	2	2			50
2019	Indigenous	20	22	17	11	31	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	27	24	15	18	0	1			2480
2019	First Nation	29	21	15	5	30	0	0			40

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	13	13	40	17	18	0	13	87	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	20	28	20	21	0	11	89	2405
2024	First Nation	8	18	35	19	21	0	8	92	40
2024	Métis	24	3	49	15	10	0	24	76	30
2022	Indigenous	6	23	24	21	25	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	20	27	19	21	1			2795
2022	First Nation	4	20	20	25	31	0			45
2022	Métis	9	27	24	18	23	0			45
2020	Indigenous	4	23	35	22	13	2			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	20	30	21	19	0			2835
2020	First Nation	7	19	35	21	17	2			50
2019	Indigenous	15	20	23	25	16	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	23	29	20	15	0			2480
2019	First Nation	18	20	22	30	10	0			40

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	24	29	25	9	11	2	0	25	75	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	16	25	27	17	14	0	1	16	84	2405
2024	First Nation	17	31	32	7	13	0	0	17	83	40
2024	Métis	39	24	18	10	3	6	0	42	58	30
2022	Indigenous	13	34	29	12	12	0	0			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	26	26	16	14	0	1			2795
2022	First Nation	13	26	32	17	12	0	0			45
2022	Métis	14	43	24	8	12	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	15	31	30	9	12	0	2			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	27	27	17	13	0	1			2830
2020	First Nation	23	25	29	9	12	0	2			45
2019	Indigenous	21	30	22	13	10	0	4			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	28	15	10	0	1			2470
2019	First Nation	26	35	15	10	12	0	3			40

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	25	16	20	17	1	1	20	80	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	22	24	16	18	1	2	18	82	2405
2024	First Nation	12	33	21	9	23	0	2	12	88	40
2024	Métis	32	22	10	28	5	2	0	32	68	30
2022	Indigenous	12	15	20	22	28	2	1			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	23	23	17	18	1	1			2800
2022	First Nation	11	11	23	24	28	2	2			45
2022	Métis	13	20	16	18	30	2	0			45
2020	Indigenous	14	26	23	17	19	0	2			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	23	26	18	14	1	1			2825
2020	First Nation	17	22	24	19	17	0	2			50
2019	Indigenous	16	21	27	15	18	0	2			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	24	26	18	14	1	1			2460
2019	First Nation	21	17	32	16	12	0	2			40

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	28	16	13	8	1	4	31	69	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	23	20	13	13	0	4	28	72	2410
2024	First Nation	26	27	12	15	11	2	7	28	72	40
2024	Métis	42	25	19	11	3	0	0	42	58	30
2022	Indigenous	21	31	20	12	13	0	4			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	23	20	12	14	0	3			2800
2022	First Nation	21	24	22	15	12	0	6			45
2022	Métis	20	37	15	7	19	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	27	28	17	15	10	0	3			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	24	21	14	14	0	2			2820
2020	First Nation	33	21	14	19	6	0	6			50
2019	Indigenous	35	23	20	8	10	0	5			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	26	19	11	9	0	3			2465
2019	First Nation	40	25	23	3	5	0	4			40

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	21	19	28	18	15	0	21	79	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	21	23	16	22	1	17	83	2410
2024	First Nation	17	17	28	14	24	0	17	83	40
2024	Métis	27	19	24	26	4	0	27	73	30
2022	Indigenous	14	26	31	11	18	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	22	24	15	17	1			2800
2022	First Nation	15	21	38	12	14	0			45
2022	Métis	14	32	23	9	22	0			45
2020	Indigenous	17	27	29	16	11	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	24	25	17	16	0			2820
2020	First Nation	17	30	26	18	8	0			45
2019	Indigenous	24	29	29	8	11	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	27	24	14	12	1			2485
2019	First Nation	23	32	31	8	6	0			40

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	36	20	10	13	1	0	20	80	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	32	22	10	9	1	2	25	75	2410
2024	First Nation	19	35	26	4	14	2	0	19	81	40
2024	Métis	25	42	5	18	10	0	0	25	75	30
2022	Indigenous	25	34	27	8	5	1	0			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	20	9	7	1	1			2800
2022	First Nation	21	37	33	7	0	2	0			45
2022	Métis	30	31	22	7	10	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	34	33	17	5	9	1	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	35	22	8	4	1	1			2830
2020	First Nation	39	30	15	6	6	2	2			50
2019	Indigenous	20	27	26	9	14	1	3			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	37	23	9	5	1	1			2475
2019	First Nation	23	30	22	9	14	0	3			40

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	28	24	10	8	0	0	30	70	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	31	24	12	9	1	1	22	78	2410
2024	First Nation	27	35	20	10	7	0	0	27	73	40
2024	Métis	44	22	19	8	6	0	0	44	56	30
2022	Indigenous	21	39	21	12	8	0	0			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	33	20	11	7	1	1			2800
2022	First Nation	15	46	25	10	4	0	0			45
2022	Métis	27	32	18	14	8	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	32	28	26	5	9	0	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	36	23	10	5	1	1			2825
2020	First Nation	39	24	28	6	4	0	0			50
2019	Indigenous	18	30	21	13	15	1	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	35	26	11	5	1	1			2475
2019	Métis	12	30	21	16	16	2	3			40

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	33	12	15	7	0	0	32	68	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	33	19	8	6	1	1	32	68	2410
2024	First Nation	36	31	18	10	5	0	0	36	64	40
2024	Métis	37	40	6	11	7	0	0	37	63	30
2022	Indigenous	30	38	17	5	8	1	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	33	16	7	4	0	1			2800
2022	First Nation	29	46	11	4	8	2	0			45
2022	Métis	30	33	24	6	6	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	42	31	16	6	5	0	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	19	8	3	0	1			2825
2020	First Nation	51	30	9	6	6	0	0			50
2019	Indigenous	27	28	21	14	9	1	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	36	19	9	4	0	1			2470

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	33	11	9	7	1	0	39	61	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	41	27	14	8	7	0	1	42	58	2405
2024	First Nation	38	30	17	9	4	2	0	38	62	40
2024	Métis	47	27	7	10	8	0	0	47	53	30
2022	Indigenous	48	25	12	8	5	1	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	27	15	7	6	0	1			2800
2022	First Nation	40	32	10	11	4	2	0			45
2022	Métis	57	19	14	5	5	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	49	23	13	10	5	0	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	28	17	8	6	0	1			2805
2020	First Nation	51	25	13	6	4	0	0			45
2019	Indigenous	29	21	18	13	17	1	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	28	17	9	8	0	1			2465

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	29	10	8	2	0	0	51	49	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	25	12	6	4	1	1	52	48	2405
2024	First Nation	59	28	9	5	0	0	0	59	41	40
2024	Métis	51	31	9	6	2	0	0	51	49	30
2022	Indigenous	50	26	16	5	3	0	0			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	28	14	5	4	0	1			2800
2022	First Nation	50	24	20	4	2	0	0			45
2022	Métis	54	29	9	6	2	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	23	31	21	20	4	0	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	30	25	14	7	0	0			2835
2020	First Nation	29	34	16	19	2	0	0			45

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	20	27	11	5	2	0	36	64	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	31	20	11	7	1	1	30	70	2400
2024	First Nation	28	24	32	10	5	0	0	28	72	40
2024	Métis	48	15	18	9	9	0	0	48	52	30
2022	Indigenous	33	27	20	13	8	0	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	9	7	0	1			2800
2022	First Nation	32	27	24	13	4	0	0			45
2022	Métis	34	24	15	14	13	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	17	33	16	24	7	1	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	31	27	13	8	0	0			2825
2020	First Nation	16	41	11	21	7	2	2			45
2019	Indigenous	30	24	22	12	10	1	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	32	24	10	5	0	1			2465

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	47	17	20	7	9	0	0	47	53	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	23	17	11	13	0	2	35	65	2405
2024	First Nation	47	13	25	6	9	0	0	47	53	40
2024	Métis	44	25	15	7	9	0	0	44	56	30
2022	Indigenous	56	25	7	6	4	1	1			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	24	12	6	6	1	2			2795
2022	First Nation	54	26	8	7	2	0	2			45
2022	Métis	57	24	6	7	4	2	0			45
2020	Indigenous	41	26	25	3	4	0	0			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	19	7	3	0	1			2820
2020	First Nation	48	30	16	4	2	0	0			50
2019	Indigenous	45	17	16	12	8	1	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	27	14	5	4	0	1			2460
2019	First Nation	39	22	19	10	7	0	2			40

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	43	7	9	4	0	37	63	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	38	34	16	6	5	1	39	61	2410
2024	First Nation	36	42	10	6	6	0	36	64	40
2024	Métis	46	36	7	12	0	0	46	54	30
2022	Indigenous	47	37	9	4	2	0			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	34	16	5	3	1			2795
2022	First Nation	49	35	13	4	0	0			45
2022	Métis	42	44	6	4	4	0			45
2020	Indigenous	19	32	23	17	7	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	35	27	12	7	0			2820
2020	First Nation	26	40	25	6	2	0			50

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	69	16	5	2	4	0	4	72	28	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	68	12	5	2	2	1	10	77	23	2410
2024	First Nation	65	21	3	5	2	0	5	68	32	40
2024	Métis	74	14	6	0	7	0	0	74	26	30

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	60	16	13	2	7	0	2	61	39	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	60	14	8	4	5	1	8	66	34	2405
2024	First Nation	53	25	10	5	5	0	3	55	45	40
2024	Métis	67	6	14	0	13	0	0	67	33	30

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	61	21	8	2	4	2	3	63	37	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	70	11	5	3	4	1	6	75	25	2405
2024	First Nation	59	26	5	2	6	0	2	60	40	40
2024	Métis	63	16	14	3	0	0	4	66	34	30
2022	Indigenous	74	13	10	1	0	1	1			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	2	2	2	4			2795
2022	First Nation	71	11	14	2	0	0	2			45
2022	Métis	78	16	6	0	0	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	66	18	2	5	4	1	3			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	9	5	2	2	1	4			2820
2020	First Nation	67	21	2	0	4	2	4			50
2019	Indigenous	54	16	9	3	14	1	2			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	11	6	3	4	1	3			2470
2019	First Nation	48	19	12	3	11	3	4			40

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	57	28	10	2	2	0	1	57	43	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	24	8	3	3	1	3	61	39	2405
2024	First Nation	54	29	13	0	3	0	2	55	45	40
2024	Métis	63	26	7	4	0	0	0	63	37	30
2022	Indigenous	67	26	5	0	1	0	1			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	20	5	2	1	0	3			2805
2022	First Nation	67	24	7	0	0	0	2			45
2022	Métis	67	27	4	0	2	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	67	17	6	6	1	0	2			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	23	8	3	1	0	2			2815
2020	First Nation	68	13	6	10	0	0	2			50
2019	Indigenous	47	28	12	5	6	0	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	30	10	3	3	0	2			2465
2019	First Nation	48	30	10	2	7	0	2			40

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	63	18	9	5	4	0	0	63	37	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	18	8	4	5	0	3	65	35	2405
2024	First Nation	64	21	9	5	2	0	0	64	36	40
2024	Métis	65	17	11	3	3	0	0	65	35	30
2022	Indigenous	70	14	9	2	3	0	1			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	3	3	1	2			2800
2022	First Nation	65	14	13	4	2	0	2			45
2022	Métis	77	15	6	0	2	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	68	8	13	3	4	1	1			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	18	7	4	3	0	2			2815
2020	First Nation	68	6	17	0	4	2	2			50
2019	Indigenous	49	25	10	4	10	0	2			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	20	10	5	4	0	2			2465
2019	First Nation	53	23	13	3	6	0	2			40

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	55	22	6	0	0	17	66	34	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	12	4	2	1	22	76	24	2410
2024	First Nation	54	26	5	0	0	15	64	36	40
2024	Métis	57	21	8	0	0	15	66	34	30
2022	Indigenous	65	13	3	0	0	19			90
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	11	5	1	1	19			2795
2022	First Nation	57	15	7	0	0	21			45
2022	Métis	75	11	0	0	0	15			45
2020	Indigenous	60	9	2	0	1	27			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	14	4	1	1	20			2815
2020	First Nation	55	11	5	0	0	29			50
2019	Indigenous	58	15	1	2	0	24			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	14	6	2	1	22			2460
2019	First Nation	65	10	0	4	0	21			40

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	69	21	2	4	0	1	4	73	27	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	64	19	7	2	2	0	6	68	32	2400
2024	First Nation	70	19	0	2	0	2	7	77	23	40
2024	Métis	68	24	4	4	0	0	0	68	32	30
2022	Indigenous	63	27	4	0	3	0	4			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	16	6	2	1	0	6			2790
2022	First Nation	56	33	7	0	2	0	2			45
2022	Métis	74	19	0	0	4	0	4			45
2020	Indigenous	55	21	15	4	0	0	5			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	64	22	7	2	1	0	3			2825
2020	First Nation	53	21	17	4	0	0	4			50
2019	Indigenous	70	15	6	0	4	0	5			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	20	9	2	1	0	5			2460
2019	First Nation	73	15	5	0	3	0	5			40

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	52	23	10	6	8	0	2	53	47	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	16	8	4	7	0	5	64	36	2410
2024	First Nation	39	30	14	11	5	0	0	39	61	40
2024	Métis	73	15	2	4	6	0	0	73	27	30
2022	Indigenous	82	7	5	2	1	0	3			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	10	3	1	2	1	4			2805
2022	First Nation	84	8	2	2	0	0	4			45
2022	Métis	81	6	7	2	3	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	71	16	0	7	2	0	4			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	14	5	2	2	0	3			2830
2020	First Nation	70	18	0	8	0	0	4			50
2019	Indigenous	72	11	8	3	3	0	3			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	11	5	2	3	0	4			2470
2019	First Nation	77	7	6	5	2	0	3			40

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	46	26	20	1	6	0	0	46	54	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	26	14	5	4	1	3	49	51	2405
2024	First Nation	54	24	13	0	10	0	0	54	46	40
2024	Métis	41	21	29	3	6	0	0	41	59	30
2022	Indigenous	47	30	12	4	5	0	1			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	27	14	4	3	0	3			2805
2022	First Nation	52	28	5	6	6	0	2			45
2022	Métis	40	33	19	2	5	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	39	25	20	9	3	0	4			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	31	16	5	3	0	1			2830
2020	First Nation	45	22	19	8	4	0	2			50
2019	Indigenous	43	28	21	5	1	0	2			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	28	14	4	2	0	2			2465

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	8	19	45	16	12	26	28	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	23	43	19	11	27	30	2410
2024	First Nation	4	17	46	17	16	21	34	40
2024	Métis	15	22	49	11	3	37	14	30
2022	Indigenous	3	21	47	19	10	24	29	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	25	40	19	8	32	28	2805
2022	First Nation	0	16	47	24	12	16	36	45
2022	Métis	7	23	50	12	8	29	20	45
2020	Indigenous	8	25	37	27	3	33	30	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	26	41	18	7	33	25	2830
2020	First Nation	12	35	27	25	0	47	25	45
2019	Indigenous	9	25	38	18	10	34	28	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	28	39	17	5	38	23	2480
2019	First Nation	12	24	36	17	11	35	28	40

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	11	25	45	14	6	20	35	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	26	39	15	5	20	41	2405
2024	First Nation	11	27	41	21	0	21	38	40
2024	Métis	12	15	47	11	15	26	27	30
2022	Indigenous	16	21	41	17	5	22	37	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	24	40	17	8	24	35	2795
2022	First Nation	14	26	43	15	2	17	40	45
2022	Métis	20	13	38	19	9	28	34	45
2020	Indigenous	16	20	40	18	6	24	36	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	25	39	18	5	23	38	2825
2020	First Nation	17	16	34	23	10	33	33	50
2019	Indigenous	16	21	39	15	9	24	37	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	23	41	20	7	26	33	2465
2019	First Nation	14	23	36	17	10	26	37	40

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	39	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	51	2410
2024	First Nation	34	43	40
2024	Métis	39	36	30
2022	Indigenous	22	62	95
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	57	2805
2022	First Nation	21	63	45
2022	Métis	24	61	45
2020	Indigenous	37	42	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	41	2835
2020	First Nation	33	43	50

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	40	60	25
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	700
2024	First Nation	52	48	15
2024	Métis	35	65	10
2022	Indigenous	32	68	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	645
2022	Métis	27	73	10
2020	Indigenous	42	58	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	1105
2020	First Nation	58	42	15

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	22	8	5	7	6	16	46	54	75
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	14	9	6	7	3	22	52	48	2410
2024	First Nation	32	16	7	4	5	9	26	50	50	40
2024	Métis	37	33	8	4	10	4	3	40	60	30
2022	Indigenous	45	15	11	5	8	3	13			95
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	15	10	5	5	3	21			2805
2022	First Nation	46	14	8	6	10	4	13			45
2022	Métis	42	16	15	2	6	3	16			45
2020	Indigenous	35	21	12	10	7	3	12			90
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	19	13	8	6	2	12			2830
2020	First Nation	35	27	6	7	8	4	13			50
2019	Indigenous	27	19	9	11	24	0	10			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	18	15	10	11	1	9			2465
2019	First Nation	36	19	6	8	15	0	16			40

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	7	17	9	32	28	4	3	26	65	25
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	14	14	19	39	2	6	22	63	700
2024	First Nation	0	27	8	36	20	8	0	29	62	15
2024	Métis	18	10	11	26	28	0	7	30	58	10
2022	Indigenous	4	22	4	14	48	7	0	28	67	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	21	13	18	33	1	5	32	54	645
2022	Métis	0	18	8	18	57	0	0	18	75	10
2020	Indigenous	8	47	6	6	32	0	0	56	38	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	15	15	22	35	1	4	23	61	1100
2020	First Nation	6	70	7	0	18	0	0	75	18	15

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	7	17	4	21	47	4	0	25	71	25
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	10	13	20	48	1	3	16	71	700
2024	First Nation	0	18	7	22	45	8	0	20	73	15
2024	Métis	18	21	0	17	44	0	0	39	61	10
2022	Indigenous	0	22	0	9	59	5	5	24	76	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	16	10	21	43	1	3	23	67	650
2022	Métis	0	26	0	9	65	0	0	26	74	10
2020	Indigenous	3	33	9	9	38	0	9	39	51	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	11	12	22	49	1	2	15	73	1105
2020	First Nation	5	51	7	0	30	0	6	60	32	15

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Department of Justice Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored