2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Veterans Affairs Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	41	31	8	9	11	72	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	37	12	8	5	75	13	1785
2024	First Nation	49	18	14	9	10	67	19	20
2024	Métis	35	37	5	11	12	72	23	35
2022	Indigenous	42	35	16	6	1	76	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	37	9	6	5	81	10	1890
2022	First Nation	40	38	11	11	0	78	11	20
2022	Métis	43	32	19	4	2	74	6	45
2020	Indigenous	51	25	10	8	6	76	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	37	10	6	2	82	8	2245
2020	First Nation	49	22	11	10	8	70	18	50
2019	Indigenous	44	38	7	5	7	82	12	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	37	11	7	4	78	11	2035
2019	First Nation	38	42	6	6	7	80	13	40
2019	Métis	52	30	8	3	8	82	11	35

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	43	18	18	6	14	0	61	21	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	35	11	10	7	0	72	17	1785
2024	First Nation	53	20	3	9	14	0	74	23	20
2024	Métis	32	17	30	5	16	0	49	21	35
2022	Indigenous	32	37	10	9	13	0	69	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	34	10	9	6	0	74	16	1890
2022	First Nation	29	40	11	10	11	0	69	21	20
2022	Métis	31	36	10	9	14	0	67	23	45
2020	Indigenous	43	29	9	8	9	1	73	18	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	36	11	8	4	0	77	12	2240
2020	First Nation	37	33	12	2	15	1	71	17	50
2019	Indigenous	38	27	14	16	4	0	65	21	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	35	13	11	7	0	69	18	2035
2019	First Nation	35	27	15	18	4	0	62	22	40
2019	Métis	45	26	13	11	5	0	71	16	35

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	55	25	3	12	5	80	17	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	55	30	9	4	2	85	5	1780
2024	First Nation	54	21	0	24	0	76	24	20
2024	Métis	54	27	5	5	9	81	14	35
2022	Indigenous	62	25	8	4	0	87	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	30	8	4	1	87	6	1890
2022	First Nation	51	33	11	5	0	84	5	20
2022	Métis	65	23	8	4	0	88	4	45
2020	Indigenous	64	22	10	5	0	86	5	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	31	7	3	1	89	4	2225
2020	First Nation	60	24	10	6	0	84	6	50
2019	Indigenous	65	21	10	3	2	85	5	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	30	9	4	1	86	5	2025
2019	First Nation	66	17	9	3	5	83	7	40
2019	Métis	65	24	8	3	0	89	3	35

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	32	10	15	5	0	69	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	37	10	6	3	0	80	10	1780
2024	First Nation	50	27	4	13	6	0	77	19	20
2024	Métis	29	33	15	18	5	0	62	23	35
2022	Indigenous	45	35	9	6	4	0	81	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	35	10	4	3	0	83	8	1890
2022	First Nation	34	39	11	11	5	0	73	16	20
2022	Métis	51	32	9	4	4	0	82	8	45
2020	Indigenous	47	31	11	7	3	1	79	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	35	7	4	2	0	86	6	2245
2020	First Nation	41	35	10	10	4	0	76	14	50
2019	Indigenous	56	24	6	7	7	0	80	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	34	9	6	3	0	82	9	2035
2019	First Nation	51	31	9	2	7	0	82	9	40
2019	Métis	63	19	3	8	8	0	82	15	35

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	32	3	5	16	77	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	31	13	8	6	73	14	1785
2024	First Nation	49	24	4	0	23	73	23	20
2024	Métis	43	34	2	8	12	77	21	35
2022	Indigenous	42	24	10	16	8	66	24	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	31	11	8	7	74	15	1885
2022	First Nation	21	38	11	21	10	58	31	20
2022	Métis	47	21	10	15	8	68	23	45
2020	Indigenous	55	21	8	7	8	76	16	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	27	11	5	4	80	9	2235
2020	First Nation	54	19	10	10	7	73	17	50
2019	Indigenous	38	25	14	15	7	64	22	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	31	13	8	6	72	14	2025
2019	First Nation	34	23	18	21	5	57	25	40
2019	Métis	44	28	11	10	8	71	18	35

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	31	5	15	10	70	24	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	32	12	9	6	73	15	1785
2024	First Nation	41	35	4	9	10	77	19	20
2024	Métis	35	28	6	19	11	64	30	35
2022	Indigenous	42	27	8	13	10	69	23	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	10	9	7	74	16	1890
2022	First Nation	32	27	11	16	15	58	31	20
2022	Métis	43	28	7	13	9	71	22	45
2020	Indigenous	50	26	8	8	8	76	16	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	30	10	6	3	81	9	2235
2020	First Nation	45	28	10	9	8	73	17	50
2019	Indigenous	39	30	10	17	5	69	21	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	34	12	9	6	73	15	2025
2019	First Nation	35	27	15	21	2	62	23	40
2019	Métis	46	33	5	10	5	80	15	35

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	24	15	18	10	3	0	56	29	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	38	24	15	10	8	4	0	66	19	1785
2024	First Nation	33	31	5	15	12	3	0	67	28	20
2024	Métis	25	19	23	21	10	3	0	45	32	35
2022	Indigenous	33	19	16	18	14	1	0	53	32	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	24	15	10	9	3	0	64	20	1890
2022	First Nation	33	21	6	26	15	0	0	53	41	20
2022	Métis	30	19	20	15	14	2	0	50	30	45
2020	Indigenous	44	14	17	10	13	1	1	59	24	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	23	15	10	5	3	0	70	15	2245
2020	First Nation	42	10	19	17	12	0	0	52	29	50
2019	Indigenous	34	15	12	20	14	5	0	51	36	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	23	18	12	8	3	0	61	21	2030
2019	First Nation	37	7	12	21	18	4	0	46	41	40
2019	Métis	30	26	14	17	11	3	0	58	28	35

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	30	16	3	1	3	7	77	5	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	4	3	1	5	80	7	1780
2024	First Nation	36	34	22	4	0	0	4	72	5	20
2024	Métis	42	24	14	3	3	5	9	77	6	35
2022	Indigenous	54	24	8	2	5	1	7	85	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	11	4	3	1	4	82	7	1890
2022	First Nation	57	26	5	6	0	0	6	89	6	20
2022	Métis	52	22	10	0	7	2	8	82	7	45
2020	Indigenous	48	22	9	5	6	3	7	77	12	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	23	12	3	3	2	4	81	6	2245
2020	First Nation	47	14	11	8	5	3	11	71	16	50
2019	Indigenous	52	21	15	7	1	0	4	75	9	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	24	14	4	3	1	4	77	8	2035
2019	First Nation	58	14	16	5	2	0	5	75	8	40
2019	Métis	48	28	13	8	0	0	3	79	8	35

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	63	25	3	3	5	1	0	89	8	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	54	29	7	5	4	0	0	83	9	1785
2024	First Nation	67	21	7	0	4	0	0	88	4	20
2024	Métis	57	29	0	6	5	2	0	89	11	35
2022	Indigenous	58	31	3	1	6	0	0	90	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	28	7	6	4	0	1	83	10	1885
2022	First Nation	57	39	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	56	30	4	0	9	0	0	87	9	45
2020	Indigenous	52	23	8	6	7	3	1	78	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	27	8	5	3	1	0	84	9	2250
2020	First Nation	51	21	8	8	7	5	0	76	16	50
2019	Indigenous	57	14	15	7	6	0	1	72	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	9	9	5	0	1	76	14	2020
2019	First Nation	60	12	11	9	7	0	0	72	17	40
2019	Métis	55	17	17	3	5	0	3	74	8	35

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	75	15	0	3	6	1	0	90	10	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	63	21	7	5	4	0	0	84	8	1785
2024	First Nation	75	20	0	0	4	0	0	96	4	20
2024	Métis	72	12	0	6	8	2	0	86	14	35
2022	Indigenous	64	21	1	9	5	0	0	85	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	5	4	0	0	85	9	1890
2022	First Nation	65	30	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	62	19	2	11	7	0	0	81	17	45
2020	Indigenous	66	17	5	2	9	1	1	84	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	5	2	0	0	86	7	2245
2020	First Nation	67	14	6	2	7	2	2	85	9	50
2019	Indigenous	54	25	7	8	6	0	0	79	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	26	8	7	5	0	0	81	11	2035
2019	First Nation	54	26	2	14	5	0	0	79	18	40
2019	Métis	56	26	10	0	8	0	0	82	8	35

Senior management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	33	24	14	6	14	8	0	63	22	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	27	13	8	7	8	0	69	16	1780
2024	First Nation	44	18	11	10	13	4	0	65	24	20
2024	Métis	30	25	14	5	15	12	0	62	22	35
2022	Indigenous	34	27	7	13	8	8	3	69	23	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	27	14	6	6	8	0	72	13	1890
2022	First Nation	25	32	6	27	5	5	0	60	33	20
2022	Métis	36	27	8	8	9	7	5	71	20	45
2020	Indigenous	52	21	8	5	6	7	1	79	12	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	27	11	5	2	8	0	80	8	2245
2020	First Nation	44	26	8	7	3	9	2	79	12	50
2019	Indigenous	43	25	13	9	4	6	0	73	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	32	15	8	4	5	0	70	13	2030
2019	First Nation	43	21	13	12	5	7	0	68	18	40
2019	Métis	42	33	12	5	3	5	0	80	8	35

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	24	18	12	19	2	0	50	32	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	29	14	12	11	3	0	61	24	1785
2024	First Nation	37	25	11	4	23	0	0	62	27	20
2024	Métis	19	20	24	16	18	3	0	40	35	35
2022	Indigenous	30	24	13	12	12	5	3	59	27	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	27	16	12	10	2	0	61	22	1890
2022	First Nation	27	31	17	10	16	0	0	57	26	20
2022	Métis	31	19	12	14	11	7	5	57	29	45
2020	Indigenous	49	24	9	6	8	3	1	76	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	33	11	7	4	3	0	77	11	2240
2020	First Nation	42	30	10	4	9	4	2	76	14	50
2019	Indigenous	35	31	17	12	5	1	0	66	17	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	33	17	12	6	2	0	65	18	2030
2019	First Nation	34	23	19	16	5	3	0	59	21	40
2019	Métis	33	42	15	5	5	0	0	75	10	35

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	22	27	11	11	27	2	0	50	39	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	26	16	17	13	5	0	51	32	1780
2024	First Nation	37	25	7	3	27	0	0	62	30	20
2024	Métis	14	25	12	17	29	3	0	40	48	35
2022	Indigenous	21	28	13	16	14	5	3	54	33	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	28	17	17	12	4	0	52	30	1885
2022	First Nation	16	33	9	21	21	0	0	49	42	20
2022	Métis	23	25	13	15	11	7	5	55	30	45
2020	Indigenous	32	32	12	9	8	5	2	69	18	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	16	10	5	6	0	68	15	2240
2020	First Nation	30	29	15	9	9	6	2	64	20	50
2019	Indigenous	24	26	24	19	4	2	0	52	24	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	31	19	17	8	4	0	54	26	2025
2019	First Nation	21	25	24	23	4	3	0	47	27	40
2019	Métis	28	29	25	11	5	3	0	58	16	35

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	22	11	17	27	0	0	45	44	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	28	14	18	14	2	0	52	33	1785
2024	First Nation	44	7	10	11	27	0	0	51	39	20
2024	Métis	9	28	12	23	28	0	0	37	51	35
2022	Indigenous	19	32	11	11	17	6	3	57	31	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	28	15	18	16	2	0	50	34	1890
2022	First Nation	16	37	10	11	21	5	0	56	33	20
2022	Métis	20	30	12	10	16	7	5	56	30	45
2020	Indigenous	34	29	17	8	9	2	1	65	17	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	36	13	12	6	3	0	68	19	2250
2020	First Nation	34	30	17	5	9	2	2	67	15	50
2019	Indigenous	28	28	11	21	11	1	0	57	32	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	32	17	19	11	2	0	51	31	2030
2019	First Nation	36	21	11	20	12	0	0	57	32	40
2019	Métis	22	35	11	21	8	3	0	59	30	35

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	39	10	8	15	0	0	67	23	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	34	14	10	8	0	0	68	18	1785
2024	First Nation	38	36	0	7	19	0	0	74	26	20
2024	Métis	25	35	17	10	14	0	0	60	23	35
2022	Indigenous	38	25	15	10	13	0	0	63	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	34	12	9	7	0	0	71	17	1890
2022	First Nation	41	6	28	10	16	0	0	46	26	20
2022	Métis	35	33	10	10	12	0	0	68	22	45
2020	Indigenous	40	30	12	10	7	1	1	71	17	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	9	4	0	1	75	13	2245
2020	First Nation	39	30	13	8	9	0	1	69	17	50
2019	Indigenous	23	34	18	20	4	0	0	58	25	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	37	14	12	7	0	0	67	19	2035
2019	First Nation	22	33	20	21	4	0	0	55	26	40
2019	Métis	26	34	16	18	5	0	0	61	23	35

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	38	2	18	6	75	23	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	40	7	8	4	81	12	1785
2024	First Nation	49	39	0	13	0	87	13	20
2024	Métis	30	35	3	22	10	64	32	35
2022	Indigenous	37	46	0	9	9	83	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	41	7	9	4	80	12	1890
2022	First Nation	30	49	0	11	11	79	21	20
2022	Métis	39	44	0	8	8	83	17	45
2020	Indigenous	42	36	8	11	3	78	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	43	9	10	2	79	12	2240
2020	First Nation	39	38	9	12	2	77	14	50
2019	Indigenous	39	39	9	12	2	77	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	42	11	12	4	72	16	2025
2019	First Nation	39	41	10	11	0	80	11	40
2019	Métis	42	36	6	11	5	78	16	35

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	63	18	7	5	5	1	0	83	10	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	28	9	7	4	0	0	79	11	1785
2024	First Nation	64	23	8	0	4	0	0	87	4	20
2024	Métis	63	14	8	8	5	2	0	78	14	35
2022	Indigenous	56	22	12	4	4	0	1	79	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	31	8	6	5	0	0	80	11	1890
2022	First Nation	51	33	10	5	0	0	0	85	5	20
2022	Métis	55	18	14	4	7	0	2	75	11	45
2020	Indigenous	56	14	11	7	9	3	0	72	16	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	28	9	7	3	1	1	81	10	2245
2020	First Nation	58	12	12	8	7	3	0	72	16	50
2019	Indigenous	55	16	12	8	7	0	1	72	16	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	31	12	8	7	1	1	73	15	2035
2019	First Nation	56	23	5	7	9	0	0	78	17	40
2019	Métis	57	6	22	8	5	0	3	64	13	35

Job fit and development

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	26	41	4	16	13	0	67	29	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	42	11	13	6	0	70	19	1785
2024	First Nation	31	45	4	9	11	0	76	20	20
2024	Métis	24	33	5	21	16	0	57	37	35
2022	Indigenous	30	39	8	9	13	0	69	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	40	10	13	7	0	70	20	1890
2022	First Nation	25	43	5	11	16	0	68	27	20
2022	Métis	31	36	10	9	13	0	68	22	45
2020	Indigenous	31	36	10	17	3	3	69	21	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	42	10	12	4	1	74	16	2235
2020	First Nation	31	36	12	17	1	4	69	19	50
2019	Indigenous	23	36	13	16	12	0	60	27	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	38	11	17	10	0	62	27	2030
2019	First Nation	26	33	14	16	11	0	59	28	40
2019	Métis	22	41	14	13	11	0	63	24	35

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	14	4	8	8	1	2	80	17	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	56	22	10	5	4	1	2	81	9	1785
2024	First Nation	64	24	7	0	4	0	0	88	4	20
2024	Métis	63	6	2	14	11	2	3	72	26	35
2022	Indigenous	62	20	8	5	4	1	0	83	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	5	4	1	1	81	9	1885
2022	First Nation	57	33	0	6	5	0	0	89	11	20
2022	Métis	61	16	12	4	4	2	0	79	9	45
2020	Indigenous	59	12	13	3	9	3	1	74	12	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	22	10	4	3	2	1	82	8	2245
2020	First Nation	62	10	16	2	7	3	0	75	9	50

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	24	9	6	29	0	0	56	35	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	32	15	14	11	3	0	58	26	1785
2024	First Nation	40	25	3	8	23	0	0	65	32	20
2024	Métis	29	17	14	6	35	0	0	46	41	35
2022	Indigenous	28	21	16	16	13	4	1	52	31	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	32	15	12	9	2	0	63	22	1890
2022	First Nation	16	36	17	20	11	0	0	52	31	20
2022	Métis	33	13	16	15	15	5	2	49	33	45
2020	Indigenous	30	28	9	13	14	4	1	62	29	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	34	14	10	6	4	0	70	16	2245
2020	First Nation	31	33	8	12	11	3	2	67	25	50
2019	Indigenous	31	19	12	23	11	4	0	52	36	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	32	17	14	10	3	0	58	25	2030
2019	First Nation	28	20	11	28	13	0	0	47	41	40
2019	Métis	37	17	14	13	10	8	0	59	25	35

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	43	21	18	7	11	0	2	43	57	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	22	13	7	6	1	5	49	51	1785
2024	First Nation	37	22	19	0	17	0	4	39	61	20
2024	Métis	43	22	18	9	8	0	0	43	57	35
2022	Indigenous	54	20	6	3	9	1	6			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	23	12	4	4	1	3			1890
2022	First Nation	60	25	5	5	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	49	20	6	3	12	2	8			45
2020	Indigenous	47	23	12	4	7	3	4			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	22	12	4	4	1	3			2250
2020	First Nation	43	22	13	2	10	6	3			50
2019	Indigenous	63	15	13	4	1	2	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	23	11	4	3	1	6			2030
2019	First Nation	56	19	15	4	0	3	2			40
2019	Métis	71	11	11	5	3	0	0			35

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	49	12	1	9	12	1	15	59	41	55
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	10	7	5	7	2	16	63	37	1785
2024	First Nation	40	16	3	14	10	0	17	48	52	20
2024	Métis	50	11	0	6	14	2	16	62	38	35

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	63	9	8	5	4	8	3	71	29	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	73	8	4	1	2	4	7	82	18	1780
2024	First Nation	64	10	4	9	4	4	4	70	30	20
2024	Métis	60	9	10	3	5	11	3	69	31	35
2022	Indigenous	70	7	5	3	2	8	6			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	7	3	1	3	4	5			1890
2022	First Nation	63	21	6	10	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	71	2	4	0	2	12	9			45
2020	Indigenous	73	5	3	2	7	6	4			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	83	6	2	1	1	3	3			2240
2020	First Nation	69	8	4	0	5	10	3			50
2019	Indigenous	74	14	1	0	3	6	2			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	78	8	2	1	2	3	5			2025
2019	First Nation	69	18	2	0	2	7	2			40
2019	Métis	82	11	0	0	3	3	3			35

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	68	10	3	5	3	3	8	76	24	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	71	8	5	2	2	2	11	80	20	1785
2024	First Nation	68	9	0	10	0	0	13	78	22	20
2024	Métis	65	11	6	3	6	5	5	72	28	35

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	49	17	13	6	7	5	3	53	47	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	60	14	8	4	4	2	8	66	34	1785
2024	First Nation	44	10	19	4	15	4	4	48	52	20
2024	Métis	48	23	11	9	3	5	2	51	49	35

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	15	23	9	25	27	0	0	39	52	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	33	12	17	16	3	2	54	34	1785
2024	First Nation	12	22	13	35	19	0	0	34	53	20
2024	Métis	19	20	5	21	35	0	0	39	56	35
2022	Indigenous	24	28	13	15	14	5	1	56	31	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	31	11	15	14	3	2	58	30	1890
2022	First Nation	19	39	6	16	20	0	0	58	36	20
2022	Métis	26	23	14	15	12	8	2	54	30	45
2020	Indigenous	30	19	8	14	20	4	5	53	38	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	30	16	13	9	4	2	61	22	2250
2020	First Nation	28	19	8	18	15	5	7	53	38	50
2019	Indigenous	28	19	13	19	16	4	1	50	36	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	29	14	14	15	3	2	55	30	2030
2019	First Nation	27	16	7	25	20	3	3	45	48	40
2019	Métis	33	19	22	11	11	5	0	54	23	35

Empowerment

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	28	13	11	24	0	52	36	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	34	12	12	10	0	65	22	1780
2024	First Nation	28	32	13	4	23	0	60	28	20
2024	Métis	23	20	14	16	27	0	42	44	35
2022	Indigenous	26	34	15	11	12	1	61	24	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	34	10	11	10	0	68	21	1890
2022	First Nation	30	28	20	6	16	0	58	22	20
2022	Métis	24	35	14	13	12	2	60	26	45
2020	Indigenous	35	31	13	10	10	1	66	20	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	36	13	10	5	1	72	15	2240
2020	First Nation	32	34	13	11	8	2	67	19	50
2019	Indigenous	27	38	7	19	9	0	65	28	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	36	12	13	9	0	67	21	2025
2019	First Nation	28	27	9	23	13	0	55	36	40
2019	Métis	27	54	6	8	5	0	81	13	35

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	29	30	16	12	11	0	60	24	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	32	15	10	6	0	68	16	1780
2024	First Nation	28	31	13	13	14	0	59	28	20
2024	Métis	33	24	20	13	11	0	57	24	35
2022	Indigenous	35	35	14	9	8	0	70	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	32	14	8	7	0	71	15	1890
2022	First Nation	35	21	23	10	11	0	56	21	20
2022	Métis	33	40	11	9	7	0	73	16	45
2020	Indigenous	36	26	18	7	12	1	63	19	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	33	15	8	4	0	73	12	2240
2020	First Nation	39	21	23	2	13	2	61	15	50
2019	Indigenous	34	29	23	9	5	0	63	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	34	15	10	8	0	67	18	2035
2019	First Nation	35	21	23	13	7	0	56	20	40
2019	Métis	35	38	22	3	3	0	73	5	35

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	32	40	7	11	9	72	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	37	11	8	5	76	12	1780
2024	First Nation	34	52	10	0	4	86	4	20
2024	Métis	35	27	6	19	13	62	32	35
2022	Indigenous	45	30	11	4	10	75	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	11	8	5	76	13	1890
2022	First Nation	34	46	10	0	11	79	11	20
2022	Métis	48	24	12	6	10	72	16	45
2020	Indigenous	40	34	10	10	6	75	15	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	8	3	78	11	2225
2020	First Nation	35	40	13	4	7	75	11	50
2019	Indigenous	31	39	9	16	5	70	21	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	38	11	10	6	73	16	2015
2019	First Nation	31	29	17	16	7	60	23	40
2019	Métis	35	48	0	14	3	83	17	35

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	17	38	13	16	14	2	0	56	31	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	36	16	13	9	3	0	62	22	1780
2024	First Nation	11	50	12	19	4	4	0	63	24	20
2024	Métis	23	27	15	13	22	0	0	50	34	35
2022	Indigenous	29	30	15	15	5	5	1	64	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	38	16	10	6	3	0	65	18	1885
2022	First Nation	16	43	11	15	11	0	5	61	27	20
2022	Métis	33	25	17	16	2	7	0	62	20	45
2020	Indigenous	25	41	11	11	9	2	1	68	20	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	42	17	8	3	3	0	71	11	2240
2020	First Nation	24	40	17	7	8	4	0	67	15	50
2019	Indigenous	26	29	18	16	9	1	0	56	26	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	43	17	12	6	3	0	64	19	2030
2019	First Nation	20	36	14	17	14	0	0	56	30	40
2019	Métis	36	15	25	16	5	3	0	52	22	35

Work-life balance and workload

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	48	20	4	10	18	68	28	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	29	8	10	9	73	19	1785
2024	First Nation	59	10	0	8	23	69	31	20
2024	Métis	36	28	7	12	16	64	28	35
2022	Indigenous	43	28	15	6	8	71	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	31	7	6	5	82	11	1890
2022	First Nation	46	23	6	20	5	69	25	20
2022	Métis	41	30	20	0	10	70	10	45
2020	Indigenous	49	26	11	11	3	75	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	7	3	82	10	2235
2020	First Nation	49	19	16	15	1	68	16	50
2019	Indigenous	46	29	9	9	7	75	16	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	30	7	9	4	80	13	2025
2019	First Nation	48	27	8	8	9	75	18	40
2019	Métis	47	31	8	8	5	78	13	35

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	22	12	7	16	0	0	66	23	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	39	30	15	8	7	0	1	70	14	1785
2024	First Nation	55	21	20	0	4	0	0	76	4	20
2024	Métis	34	22	7	13	24	0	0	56	37	35
2022	Indigenous	30	22	19	5	19	0	5	54	25	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	29	16	9	9	0	1	66	18	1890
2022	First Nation	11	20	41	4	18	0	6	33	23	20
2022	Métis	39	20	12	6	20	0	2	61	27	45
2020	Indigenous	32	19	21	18	7	1	2	53	26	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	28	17	8	8	1	1	66	17	2235
2020	First Nation	39	25	22	9	2	1	2	66	11	50
2019	Indigenous	32	25	16	14	12	0	1	58	26	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	27	18	11	11	0	1	60	22	2030
2019	First Nation	26	36	16	17	4	0	0	63	21	40
2019	Métis	41	14	13	10	19	0	3	56	30	35

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	68	17	3	1	6	2	2	88	8	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	68	18	5	3	3	2	2	89	6	1785
2024	First Nation	71	18	5	0	0	0	6	95	0	20
2024	Métis	66	15	3	3	11	3	0	83	14	35
2022	Indigenous	56	26	3	3	5	4	3	89	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	19	4	2	2	1	1	91	5	1890
2022	First Nation	52	38	5	5	0	0	0	90	5	20
2022	Métis	55	23	2	3	7	5	5	87	10	45

Mobility and retention

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	33	26	41	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	35	30	1785
2024	First Nation	42	34	24	20
2024	Métis	30	17	52	35
2022	Indigenous	43	25	32	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	32	31	1890
2022	First Nation	48	15	37	20
2022	Métis	42	26	32	45
2020	Indigenous	26	33	41	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	44	34	2250
2020	First Nation	25	26	49	50
2019	Indigenous	31	33	36	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	37	36	2040
2019	First Nation	27	32	42	40
2019	Métis	35	35	30	35

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	To retire (%)	To pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	To pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	To pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	End of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Other reason (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	65	19	5	11	0	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	36	16	5	21	5	595
2024	Métis	0	63	26	0	11	0	10
2022	Indigenous	11	24	37	3	19	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	34	23	4	16	6	685
2022	Métis	0	31	35	0	24	10	20
2020	Indigenous	19	27	32	10	12	0	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	35	24	4	16	5	485
2020	First Nation	22	23	39	0	15	0	15
2019	Indigenous	12	28	49	4	0	8	25
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	25	5	16	7	515
2019	First Nation	8	8	67	8	0	10	10
2019	Métis	16	48	36	0	0	0	15

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	46	31	4	13	6	0	77	19	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	48	37	6	5	3	0	86	8	1775
2024	First Nation	42	30	3	20	4	0	73	24	20
2024	Métis	46	32	4	10	8	0	78	18	35
2022	Indigenous	46	38	7	4	5	0	84	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	34	7	4	2	0	87	7	1890
2022	First Nation	29	49	12	0	11	0	77	11	20
2022	Métis	55	31	6	6	2	0	86	8	45
2020	Indigenous	58	31	2	5	3	1	90	8	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	36	6	4	1	0	89	5	2245
2020	First Nation	52	39	0	6	1	2	93	7	50
2019	Indigenous	51	35	10	4	0	0	86	4	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	38	9	5	2	0	83	7	2030
2019	First Nation	53	36	11	0	0	0	89	0	40
2019	Métis	53	31	8	8	0	0	84	8	35

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	29	15	12	8	0	0	66	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	40	15	10	4	1	0	70	15	1780
2024	First Nation	47	30	10	8	5	0	0	77	13	20
2024	Métis	34	24	16	16	10	0	0	58	26	35
2022	Indigenous	36	43	10	7	5	0	0	79	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	41	14	10	5	1	0	71	15	1890
2022	First Nation	20	48	21	0	11	0	0	68	11	20
2022	Métis	43	39	6	10	2	0	0	82	12	45
2020	Indigenous	42	37	10	9	1	0	1	80	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	41	10	5	2	1	0	83	7	2245
2020	First Nation	42	37	13	6	0	0	2	81	6	50
2019	Indigenous	30	45	12	10	2	0	0	75	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	43	16	8	3	1	0	72	12	2030
2019	First Nation	30	52	5	11	2	0	0	82	14	40
2019	Métis	32	39	19	8	3	0	0	71	10	35

Organizational performance

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	18	24	21	16	0	2	38	38	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	24	35	17	10	1	3	28	36	1780
2024	First Nation	9	21	13	33	20	0	4	55	31	20
2024	Métis	29	18	26	13	15	0	0	28	46	35
2022	Indigenous	21	31	18	13	12	0	5	26	55	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	24	33	16	10	0	2	27	39	1885
2022	First Nation	22	48	21	5	4	0	0	9	70	20
2022	Métis	23	24	13	16	16	0	7	35	50	45
2020	Indigenous	10	28	31	19	9	2	1	29	39	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	21	33	20	12	2	2	33	33	2245
2020	First Nation	7	21	35	24	8	4	0	34	29	50
2019	Indigenous	14	25	37	15	9	0	0	24	39	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	27	34	16	7	1	1	23	42	2035
2019	First Nation	11	28	37	11	12	0	0	24	39	40
2019	Métis	13	24	37	20	5	0	0	25	37	35

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	18	12	35	14	14	0	6	30	32	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	22	29	17	12	1	4	30	39	1780
2024	First Nation	12	10	41	13	19	0	4	34	23	20
2024	Métis	21	12	31	15	13	0	8	31	35	35
2022	Indigenous	14	26	23	14	9	3	10	26	47	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	20	33	18	12	1	4	32	34	1885
2022	First Nation	11	35	29	11	9	0	5	21	48	20
2022	Métis	15	22	23	14	9	4	13	28	45	45
2020	Indigenous	7	18	31	26	12	5	1	40	26	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	18	30	23	15	3	2	40	29	2240
2020	First Nation	6	17	34	29	6	8	0	38	25	50
2019	Indigenous	13	29	35	8	15	0	0	23	42	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	22	32	19	10	1	3	31	36	2025
2019	First Nation	13	27	35	8	17	0	0	25	40	40
2019	Métis	11	31	36	8	14	0	0	22	42	35

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	7	17	16	41	16	0	3	59	25	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	14	29	28	18	1	4	48	22	1775
2024	First Nation	0	12	22	41	20	0	4	65	13	20
2024	Métis	12	19	14	38	15	0	3	54	32	35
2022	Indigenous	8	16	29	23	17	0	8	43	26	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	15	28	27	17	1	3	45	26	1880
2022	First Nation	0	26	48	17	9	0	0	26	26	20
2022	Métis	12	13	19	24	21	0	11	51	28	45
2020	Indigenous	5	13	30	29	18	3	2	50	19	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	13	27	28	20	2	3	51	21	2225
2020	First Nation	2	9	34	31	17	5	2	52	12	50
2019	Indigenous	7	12	38	19	20	1	2	41	20	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	15	31	27	15	0	2	43	25	2020
2019	First Nation	7	11	45	11	21	0	4	34	19	40
2019	Métis	5	15	28	28	21	3	0	51	21	35

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	13	15	23	21	20	0	8	45	30	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	18	26	21	17	2	4	40	32	1780
2024	First Nation	4	12	14	27	25	0	18	63	20	20
2024	Métis	19	15	31	14	18	0	2	33	35	35
2022	Indigenous	22	18	16	16	19	0	8	39	44	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	18	26	18	17	2	3	37	36	1880
2022	First Nation	22	25	22	11	20	0	0	31	47	20
2022	Métis	23	17	11	18	20	0	11	43	45	45
2020	Indigenous	10	23	25	20	16	3	2	39	35	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	15	25	24	19	3	3	46	28	2240
2020	First Nation	7	26	28	17	15	5	2	34	36	50
2019	Indigenous	27	14	18	19	20	1	2	40	42	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	19	27	21	16	1	2	38	34	2025
2019	First Nation	20	20	16	17	24	0	2	42	41	40
2019	Métis	29	8	21	21	16	3	3	40	38	35

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	9	14	28	23	18	3	5	45	25	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	13	25	27	21	4	4	52	21	1775
2024	First Nation	4	8	16	29	29	0	13	67	15	20
2024	Métis	13	15	34	19	13	6	0	33	30	35
2022	Indigenous	15	20	25	9	21	2	8	33	39	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	19	23	21	17	3	5	41	34	1885
2022	First Nation	10	16	50	11	14	0	0	25	26	20
2022	Métis	16	21	17	7	25	3	12	37	43	45
2020	Indigenous	15	16	29	15	21	4	1	37	32	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	15	27	24	18	6	2	46	25	2230
2020	First Nation	9	16	31	14	22	8	1	39	27	50
2019	Indigenous	20	25	28	10	13	1	2	24	47	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	20	29	21	13	2	3	36	34	2020
2019	First Nation	15	29	28	9	16	0	2	26	45	40
2019	Métis	26	19	29	9	11	3	3	21	48	35

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	17	18	32	26	6	0	2	32	35	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	21	34	16	11	2	2	28	37	1780
2024	First Nation	9	13	24	44	6	0	4	52	22	20
2024	Métis	24	20	37	13	6	0	0	20	43	35
2022	Indigenous	17	25	33	9	9	0	8	20	45	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	21	33	17	11	1	3	29	37	1885
2022	First Nation	16	16	59	5	4	0	0	9	32	20
2022	Métis	16	28	24	9	11	0	11	23	50	45
2020	Indigenous	13	25	27	17	12	4	2	31	40	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	19	33	18	12	2	2	32	33	2240
2020	First Nation	10	22	27	17	13	9	2	34	36	50
2019	Indigenous	24	23	32	14	6	1	0	20	47	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	24	32	17	8	1	2	26	41	2030
2019	First Nation	26	13	38	18	5	0	0	22	39	40
2019	Métis	18	36	24	10	8	3	0	19	56	35

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	2	11	39	34	11	2	2	46	13	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	13	34	30	15	1	2	47	19	1780
2024	First Nation	0	13	34	33	16	0	4	51	14	20
2024	Métis	3	9	43	34	9	3	0	44	12	35
2022	Indigenous	6	14	34	25	15	0	6	42	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	10	34	30	20	0	1	51	14	1885
2022	First Nation	5	10	47	23	14	0	0	37	15	20
2022	Métis	6	15	31	23	16	0	9	43	23	45
2020	Indigenous	7	24	31	26	11	1	1	38	31	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	14	39	26	14	1	1	40	20	2245
2020	First Nation	5	17	29	31	14	2	2	47	23	50
2019	Indigenous	23	24	30	19	4	0	0	23	47	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	23	36	19	8	0	1	28	35	2030
2019	First Nation	20	28	18	27	7	0	0	34	48	40
2019	Métis	25	18	46	11	0	0	0	11	43	35

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	15	32	14	20	19	0	47	39	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	29	16	22	16	1	45	38	1780
2024	First Nation	23	34	12	14	17	0	57	31	20
2024	Métis	11	28	16	23	22	0	39	45	35
2022	Indigenous	21	31	10	17	22	0	52	39	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	30	16	21	17	1	46	38	1885
2022	First Nation	16	22	15	16	32	0	38	47	20
2022	Métis	22	35	6	18	19	0	57	37	45
2020	Indigenous	24	30	15	18	11	3	55	29	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	38	14	14	6	2	65	21	2230
2020	First Nation	24	31	9	25	5	6	59	32	50
2019	Indigenous	16	24	11	27	22	0	40	49	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	31	17	22	14	1	45	37	2025
2019	First Nation	19	17	9	33	23	0	35	56	40
2019	Métis	14	35	15	18	18	0	48	36	35

Diversity and inclusion

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	23	3	8	7	0	82	16	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	55	25	7	7	4	1	81	11	1780
2024	First Nation	60	20	3	18	0	0	80	18	20
2024	Métis	58	24	3	3	13	0	81	16	35
2022	Indigenous	62	17	11	5	3	1	80	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	25	6	7	4	1	83	11	1890
2022	First Nation	52	17	11	10	5	5	73	16	20
2022	Métis	64	18	12	3	2	0	82	6	45
2020	Indigenous	56	20	9	7	7	1	77	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	25	8	7	4	1	82	11	2245
2020	First Nation	57	21	8	7	7	0	78	14	50
2019	Indigenous	48	24	10	11	8	0	72	19	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	27	9	10	6	0	74	16	2035
2019	First Nation	43	24	9	16	9	0	67	25	40
2019	Métis	55	22	12	3	8	0	78	11	35

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	60	27	3	7	3	87	10	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	27	5	5	2	88	8	1780
2024	First Nation	61	25	0	9	4	86	14	20
2024	Métis	62	27	6	3	2	89	5	35
2022	Indigenous	64	27	7	0	2	92	2	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	26	4	3	2	91	6	1885
2022	First Nation	64	26	10	0	0	90	0	20
2022	Métis	62	30	6	0	2	92	2	45
2020	Indigenous	65	23	5	4	3	88	7	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	27	4	4	2	90	6	2240
2020	First Nation	63	29	2	2	4	92	6	50
2019	Indigenous	55	27	3	10	5	82	14	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	33	6	8	3	83	11	2025
2019	First Nation	56	21	4	14	5	77	19	40
2019	Métis	56	34	3	3	5	90	8	35

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	31	7	7	3	0	82	11	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	33	9	4	2	1	85	6	1780
2024	First Nation	38	43	6	13	0	0	81	13	20
2024	Métis	58	24	8	4	6	0	81	10	35
2022	Indigenous	54	31	8	6	2	0	84	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	29	9	3	3	2	85	6	1885
2022	First Nation	58	27	0	15	0	0	85	15	20
2022	Métis	51	32	12	2	2	0	83	4	45
2020	Indigenous	48	32	10	3	5	2	82	8	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	33	9	4	2	2	86	5	2225
2020	First Nation	37	45	10	0	7	1	83	7	50
2019	Indigenous	46	34	7	8	2	3	82	11	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	38	9	5	3	1	82	8	2035
2019	First Nation	47	28	9	14	0	2	77	14	40
2019	Métis	48	39	3	3	5	3	89	8	35

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	34	9	11	12	3	66	24	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	35	12	8	5	3	74	14	1780
2024	First Nation	35	33	4	14	9	4	72	24	20
2024	Métis	29	29	13	11	16	3	60	27	35
2022	Indigenous	35	33	18	9	4	1	69	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	34	11	7	5	2	76	12	1890
2022	First Nation	25	54	10	5	6	0	79	11	20
2022	Métis	37	24	22	11	4	2	63	15	45
2020	Indigenous	41	35	7	8	9	0	76	17	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	38	9	5	2	2	83	8	2225
2020	First Nation	40	34	10	9	7	0	74	16	50
2019	Indigenous	35	31	20	7	6	1	67	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	39	11	8	3	1	78	11	2025
2019	First Nation	33	33	18	5	9	3	67	14	40
2019	Métis	41	28	20	8	3	0	69	10	35

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	34	5	10	9	5	0	75	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	36	12	5	3	6	0	79	8	1785
2024	First Nation	44	36	6	10	4	0	0	80	14	20
2024	Métis	35	27	6	10	13	9	0	68	26	35
2022	Indigenous	35	38	16	7	3	2	0	74	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	33	13	5	3	7	1	77	9	1890
2022	First Nation	30	33	21	15	0	0	0	63	15	20
2022	Métis	37	38	14	4	4	2	0	77	9	45
2020	Indigenous	45	32	11	4	7	2	0	78	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	33	11	3	2	3	0	84	5	2240
2020	First Nation	38	36	9	5	7	4	0	77	13	50
2019	Indigenous	51	22	16	3	4	5	0	77	6	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	35	12	4	2	3	0	82	6	2015
2019	First Nation	46	25	14	3	5	7	0	77	8	40
2019	Métis	56	19	17	3	3	3	0	77	5	35

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	52	24	4	15	6	76	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	49	32	9	7	3	81	10	1780
2024	First Nation	55	26	0	19	0	81	19	20
2024	Métis	47	22	7	13	10	70	23	35
2022	Indigenous	53	26	5	12	3	79	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	7	6	3	84	9	1890
2022	First Nation	42	27	10	16	5	69	21	20
2022	Métis	57	25	4	11	2	83	14	45
2020	Indigenous	63	23	5	5	5	85	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	27	5	3	2	90	4	2240
2020	First Nation	62	21	4	6	7	83	13	50
2019	Indigenous	48	32	12	4	4	80	7	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	35	8	5	2	85	7	2030
2019	First Nation	45	29	17	5	5	73	9	40
2019	Métis	54	36	5	3	3	90	5	35

Anti-racism

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	16	8	5	3	6	3	82	8	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	26	11	4	4	5	5	80	8	1775
2024	First Nation	63	16	5	9	4	3	0	82	14	20
2024	Métis	56	15	12	3	2	8	5	81	5	35
2022	Indigenous	55	21	5	7	7	3	3	81	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	22	9	4	2	7	4	83	6	1890
2022	First Nation	57	34	0	5	5	0	0	90	10	20
2022	Métis	54	16	7	8	8	4	4	76	17	45

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	57	18	11	3	1	6	3	83	5	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	27	11	5	4	5	5	78	10	1780
2024	First Nation	58	21	9	4	4	3	0	82	9	20
2024	Métis	56	15	14	2	0	8	5	82	3	35
2022	Indigenous	48	25	4	11	4	4	3	79	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	23	10	4	2	7	4	83	7	1890
2022	First Nation	57	29	0	10	5	0	0	85	15	20
2022	Métis	44	24	6	13	5	6	4	75	19	45

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	29	18	6	1	13	1	69	9	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	27	19	5	2	14	1	69	9	1780
2024	First Nation	33	38	23	0	0	6	0	75	0	20
2024	Métis	30	22	13	11	3	19	3	66	17	35
2022	Indigenous	36	28	18	12	3	3	0	66	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	25	20	5	3	13	1	67	10	1890
2022	First Nation	27	30	17	26	0	0	0	57	26	20
2022	Métis	37	29	20	6	5	4	0	68	12	45
2020	Indigenous	39	29	15	6	5	3	3	73	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	31	14	3	2	5	1	80	5	2245
2020	First Nation	36	31	15	6	6	5	2	72	12	50

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	28	9	3	6	3	0	81	9	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	30	8	4	4	4	3	82	9	1780
2024	First Nation	54	24	13	4	4	0	0	78	9	20
2024	Métis	44	32	8	2	8	6	0	81	11	35
2022	Indigenous	48	28	9	6	3	3	3	81	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	29	7	4	3	5	3	84	8	1890
2022	First Nation	41	27	11	12	5	5	0	71	17	20
2022	Métis	48	30	9	4	2	2	4	84	7	45
2020	Indigenous	50	30	7	5	5	2	2	83	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	30	8	3	2	3	2	86	6	2240
2020	First Nation	47	35	8	2	5	2	2	85	7	50

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	16	13	6	12	25	8	54	27	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	16	24	3	4	36	6	48	12	1780
2024	First Nation	28	18	13	9	11	16	6	58	25	20
2024	Métis	17	13	8	5	13	33	10	54	32	35
2022	Indigenous	12	20	28	5	3	31	1	47	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	17	24	3	3	38	4	50	10	1885
2022	First Nation	10	36	21	6	5	23	0	59	14	20
2022	Métis	13	14	32	6	2	32	2	40	11	45

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	0	22	15	40	11	0	13	62	20

Ethical workplace

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	21	15	6	11	8	4	65	18	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	27	17	7	5	7	7	67	14	1780
2024	First Nation	43	17	16	5	9	0	10	67	16	20
2024	Métis	32	22	16	4	13	13	0	63	19	35
2022	Indigenous	27	41	14	1	5	7	5	77	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	26	17	6	5	8	6	68	12	1885
2022	First Nation	35	28	16	5	5	11	0	71	11	20
2022	Métis	24	44	14	0	5	6	7	78	5	45
2020	Indigenous	35	23	9	6	10	8	9	70	19	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	17	7	4	9	5	68	12	2250
2020	First Nation	36	19	14	3	7	10	11	69	14	50
2019	Indigenous	30	30	13	10	9	6	2	66	20	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	29	15	10	7	5	3	65	19	2030
2019	First Nation	33	27	14	9	12	3	2	63	22	40
2019	Métis	29	35	12	8	5	8	3	72	15	35

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	30	48	3	4	11	2	2	81	16	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	36	13	10	6	2	0	70	16	1780
2024	First Nation	40	28	4	4	13	4	6	76	19	20
2024	Métis	26	56	3	5	11	0	0	82	15	35
2022	Indigenous	33	32	15	13	4	1	1	67	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	35	12	9	5	3	1	73	14	1890
2022	First Nation	35	32	23	11	0	0	0	66	11	20
2022	Métis	33	30	13	14	6	2	2	66	21	45
2020	Indigenous	38	35	6	8	8	2	3	76	17	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	11	6	3	2	1	79	10	2240
2020	First Nation	35	38	10	6	2	4	5	80	8	50
2019	Indigenous	33	36	11	11	8	0	1	70	20	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	15	11	6	2	1	66	18	2030
2019	First Nation	27	38	6	17	9	0	3	67	27	40
2019	Métis	40	33	17	5	5	0	0	73	10	35

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	36	14	1	11	0	74	12	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	36	17	7	4	1	72	11	1780
2024	First Nation	46	37	9	4	4	0	83	8	20
2024	Métis	37	30	18	0	16	0	66	16	35
2022	Indigenous	37	40	16	4	3	0	77	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	34	17	6	4	2	73	10	1890
2022	First Nation	35	22	39	5	0	0	56	5	20
2022	Métis	38	46	8	4	5	0	84	9	45
2020	Indigenous	46	30	11	6	5	1	77	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	36	11	5	2	1	82	7	2235
2020	First Nation	46	35	11	6	0	2	82	6	50
2019	Indigenous	36	34	17	6	7	1	70	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	19	8	4	1	69	12	2025
2019	First Nation	29	36	16	9	7	3	67	16	40
2019	Métis	45	34	11	3	8	0	79	10	35

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	27	26	6	10	21	8	2	59	34	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	24	25	17	12	12	8	2	54	26	1780
2024	First Nation	37	28	0	15	12	7	0	71	29	20
2024	Métis	23	20	8	8	28	9	3	50	41	35
2022	Indigenous	22	25	19	13	15	6	1	50	30	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	26	16	10	10	9	3	59	23	1890
2022	First Nation	30	16	18	20	10	5	0	49	31	20
2022	Métis	16	27	20	10	18	6	2	48	31	45
2020	Indigenous	30	30	12	11	12	4	1	63	24	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	26	16	9	7	9	1	63	19	2245
2020	First Nation	28	34	14	12	9	3	0	64	21	50
2019	Indigenous	25	26	14	13	22	1	0	51	35	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	23	21	13	11	9	2	49	28	2030
2019	First Nation	27	17	18	15	23	0	0	44	38	40
2019	Métis	24	35	11	9	18	3	0	61	28	35

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	54	27	8	8	3	81	12	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	45	41	4	7	3	86	10	1780
2024	First Nation	61	22	13	5	0	82	5	20
2024	Métis	52	26	5	11	6	78	17	35
2022	Indigenous	54	32	3	8	3	87	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	37	2	5	2	91	7	1890
2022	First Nation	46	43	6	0	5	89	5	20
2022	Métis	57	28	2	11	2	85	13	45
2020	Indigenous	48	40	0	9	2	89	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	42	2	8	2	88	9	2250
2020	First Nation	47	42	0	9	2	89	11	50

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	46	19	5	13	17	0	65	30	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	27	9	17	14	1	59	32	1780
2024	First Nation	45	19	9	8	19	0	64	27	20
2024	Métis	44	18	3	18	16	0	62	34	35
2022	Indigenous	63	22	4	5	5	0	85	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	6	6	3	1	85	9	1890
2022	First Nation	63	21	11	6	0	0	83	6	20
2022	Métis	63	23	2	5	8	0	86	13	45
2020	Indigenous	41	41	3	9	6	0	83	15	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	8	10	3	1	79	13	2250
2020	First Nation	42	42	4	9	4	0	83	13	50
2019	Indigenous	51	24	8	12	6	0	74	17	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	32	6	10	4	0	79	15	2035
2019	First Nation	64	18	4	7	6	0	82	13	40
2019	Métis	39	32	11	16	3	0	70	18	35

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	44	27	9	12	7	71	19	55
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	35	10	10	5	76	15	1775
2024	First Nation	46	30	11	4	10	75	14	20
2024	Métis	47	19	9	19	6	66	25	35
2022	Indigenous	43	34	7	15	2	77	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	35	6	5	3	86	8	1890
2022	First Nation	56	23	5	16	0	79	16	20
2022	Métis	37	37	8	16	2	74	18	45
2020	Indigenous	38	44	5	10	3	83	12	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	38	7	7	2	83	10	2230
2020	First Nation	44	42	0	12	3	85	15	50
2019	Indigenous	43	35	11	9	3	78	11	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	37	7	7	4	82	11	2020
2019	First Nation	54	38	0	5	3	92	8	40
2019	Métis	32	29	23	13	3	62	16	35

Use of official languages

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	77	9	4	3	1	2	5	92	4	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	75	12	4	4	2	0	3	90	6	1780
2024	First Nation	81	9	6	4	0	0	0	90	4	20
2024	Métis	72	10	3	2	2	3	8	92	5	35

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	70	16	4	3	1	2	5	92	4	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	73	14	4	5	2	0	2	89	7	1780
2024	First Nation	76	13	6	4	0	0	0	90	4	20
2024	Métis	64	18	3	2	2	3	8	92	5	35

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	82	3	0	3	1	10	95	5	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	84	7	2	1	1	3	95	2	1785
2024	First Nation	91	5	0	0	0	4	100	0	20
2024	Métis	76	3	0	5	2	14	91	9	35
2022	Indigenous	85	7	3	0	2	4	96	2	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	86	6	2	1	2	3	95	3	1890
2022	First Nation	95	5	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	80	8	4	0	2	5	93	2	45
2019	Indigenous	82	6	6	0	2	5	91	2	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	83	8	3	2	1	3	94	3	2020
2019	First Nation	91	4	3	0	0	2	97	0	40
2019	Métis	74	8	8	0	5	5	87	5	35

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	41	18	17	8	2	12	2	69	11	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	25	12	4	2	10	3	79	7	1785
2024	First Nation	58	23	4	5	0	10	0	90	5	20
2024	Métis	32	13	24	10	3	15	3	54	16	35
2022	Indigenous	46	14	13	8	6	12	3	70	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	22	13	4	2	9	2	79	7	1890
2022	First Nation	42	25	16	6	0	6	5	76	6	20
2022	Métis	46	10	12	7	8	15	2	67	18	45
2020	Indigenous	44	30	8	7	2	9	1	81	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	24	11	4	2	9	2	82	6	2245
2020	First Nation	45	35	3	8	0	8	2	88	8	50
2019	Indigenous	44	16	13	3	6	17	1	73	11	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	22	12	4	3	9	2	79	8	2030
2019	First Nation	46	20	11	2	2	19	0	81	5	40
2019	Métis	42	10	16	5	8	16	3	64	16	35

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	12	88	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1785
2024	Métis	19	81	35
2022	Indigenous	7	93	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1890
2020	Indigenous	14	86	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2250
2020	First Nation	11	89	50
2019	Indigenous	16	84	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2035

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	43	57	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	160
2020	Indigenous	34	66	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	190

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	59	41	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	160
2019	Indigenous	54	46	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	36	275

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	160
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	190
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	275

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	275

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	275

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	88	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	160

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	275

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	67	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	160
2019	Indigenous	44	56	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	275

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	58	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	160
2020	Indigenous	44	56	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	58	190
2019	Indigenous	54	46	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	275

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	42	58	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	160
2019	Indigenous	54	46	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	275

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	46	54	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	160
2020	Indigenous	56	44	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	190
2019	Indigenous	44	56	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	275

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	32	68	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	160
2019	Indigenous	41	59	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	275

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	56	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	160
2020	Indigenous	48	52	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	190
2019	Indigenous	37	63	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	275

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	160

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	160

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	160

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	160

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	47	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	160
2020	Indigenous	63	37	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	190
2019	Indigenous	39	61	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	275

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	17	83	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	160

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	160

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	44	56	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	160
2020	Indigenous	49	51	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	190
2019	Indigenous	64	36	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	275

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	79	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	160
2019	Indigenous	41	59	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	275

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	160
2020	Indigenous	0	100	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	190

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	160
2020	Indigenous	55	45	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	190

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	160

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	160

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	160

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	92	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	160

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	38	62	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	160

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	150

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	81	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	150

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	150

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	150

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	150

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	150

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	97	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	150

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	13	87	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	150

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	150

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	70	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	150

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	150

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	49	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	150

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	150

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	62	38	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	150

Question 62o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	165

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	165
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	150

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	14	16	3	7	27	8	60	16	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	16	13	14	5	5	37	11	55	19	1780
2024	Métis	27	6	15	0	10	36	7	57	17	35
2022	Indigenous	21	9	13	13	4	26	15	50	29	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	14	13	5	5	36	10	57	18	1885
2022	Métis	27	0	8	13	4	30	18	52	33	45
2020	Indigenous	25	14	12	6	11	25	7	57	25	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	17	15	6	4	25	7	63	15	2245
2020	First Nation	20	18	15	6	5	25	10	59	17	50
2019	Indigenous	15	15	30	5	8	16	11	42	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	16	20	7	7	24	8	49	21	2035
2019	First Nation	18	14	34	3	9	11	12	41	15	40
2019	Métis	14	19	28	3	5	22	10	48	11	35

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	29	9	6	6	14	5	74	15	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	28	14	6	3	12	1	74	10	1780
2024	First Nation	35	47	5	4	0	4	6	90	4	20
2024	Métis	29	14	13	8	11	22	4	58	25	35
2022	Indigenous	40	29	14	8	3	4	3	74	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	31	13	5	4	9	1	76	10	1885
2022	Métis	47	16	16	10	2	5	4	69	13	45
2020	Indigenous	43	28	10	6	7	6	1	75	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	30	13	4	3	5	1	79	8	2240
2020	First Nation	40	30	12	6	3	7	2	77	10	50
2019	Indigenous	36	31	13	9	3	4	4	72	13	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	30	16	7	4	7	1	71	12	2030
2019	First Nation	27	33	15	12	4	3	7	66	18	40
2019	Métis	45	31	13	3	3	6	0	81	5	35

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1780
2022	Indigenous	10	90	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1890
2020	Indigenous	9	91	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2245
2020	Métis	13	87	45
2019	Indigenous	12	88	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2040

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	26	74	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	110

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	81	19	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	16	110

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	110

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	110

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	79	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	110

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	110

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	105

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	105

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	18	82	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	110

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	91	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	110

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	105

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	29	71	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	110

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	105

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	40	60	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	110

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	100	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	110
2019	Indigenous	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	105

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	69	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	110

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	110

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	105

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	14	86	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	110

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	4	96	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	110

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	105

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	105

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	48	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	110

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	88	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	100

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	100

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	100

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	100

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	5	95	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	100

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	100

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	72	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	100

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	6	94	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	100

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	50	50	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	100

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	0	100	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	100

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	39	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	100

Question 69o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I intend to file a grievance or a formal complaint, but I have not done so yet.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	7	93	120

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	11	89	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	100

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	23	13	15	1	4	35	8	64	10	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	13	16	3	3	38	7	59	11	1780
2024	First Nation	30	24	12	0	4	25	6	77	6	20
2024	Métis	21	5	16	2	5	45	7	53	15	35
2022	Indigenous	22	20	10	6	3	30	9	69	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	14	17	3	3	38	7	59	11	1890
2022	Métis	29	10	8	5	2	32	14	72	14	45
2020	Indigenous	25	14	13	4	8	24	12	61	19	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	17	17	3	2	28	6	67	7	2240
2020	First Nation	21	21	16	4	3	17	18	64	11	50
2019	Indigenous	20	15	22	7	5	23	8	51	18	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	15	21	3	3	29	8	56	11	2030
2019	First Nation	22	14	21	7	7	19	10	51	20	40
2019	Métis	19	17	24	3	3	27	8	55	8	35

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	37	25	9	5	4	18	2	77	11	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	35	29	14	5	3	13	1	75	9	1780
2024	First Nation	44	25	7	9	0	15	0	81	10	20
2024	Métis	35	18	11	2	8	22	4	72	13	35
2022	Indigenous	43	28	13	6	3	5	1	76	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	31	14	4	3	11	2	76	8	1890
2022	Métis	52	17	11	7	2	8	2	78	11	45
2020	Indigenous	46	26	12	5	6	4	1	76	11	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	13	3	2	6	1	81	6	2245
2020	First Nation	45	32	11	4	3	3	2	80	7	50
2019	Indigenous	39	25	12	6	5	10	4	74	12	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	28	17	4	2	9	1	75	7	2035
2019	First Nation	36	25	11	7	7	7	7	71	16	40
2019	Métis	43	28	13	3	3	11	0	80	6	35

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	39	61	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	25	75	1780
2024	First Nation	26	74	20
2024	Métis	44	56	35
2022	Indigenous	27	73	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1890
2022	First Nation	21	79	20
2022	Métis	29	71	45
2020	Indigenous	21	79	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2240
2020	First Nation	19	81	50
2019	Indigenous	32	68	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	2035
2019	First Nation	33	67	40
2019	Métis	29	71	35

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	87	13	25
2024	Non-Indigenous	70	30	445
2024	Métis	89	11	15
2022	Indigenous	56	44	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	32	275
2022	Métis	40	60	15
2020	Indigenous	51	49	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	39	330
2020	First Nation	68	32	10

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	88	12	25
2024	Non-Indigenous	79	21	445
2024	Métis	88	12	15
2022	Indigenous	55	45	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	275
2022	Métis	52	48	10
2020	Indigenous	73	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	19	330
2020	First Nation	73	27	10
2019	Indigenous	73	27	25
2019	Non-Indigenous	87	13	390
2019	First Nation	77	23	15
2019	Métis	64	36	10

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	20	0	17	0	4	82	18	20
2024	Non-Indigenous	47	32	5	8	7	1	80	16	350
2024	Métis	61	6	0	26	0	7	72	28	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	28	4	13	4	0	78	18	200
2020	Indigenous	28	46	13	13	0	0	74	13	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	30	6	7	3	0	84	10	265
2019	Indigenous	45	29	6	19	0	0	75	19	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	28	5	11	5	0	78	16	335

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	54	24	3	12	5	2	0	80	18	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	29	5	8	4	1	1	82	13	1780
2024	First Nation	54	26	0	16	0	4	0	84	16	20
2024	Métis	50	25	5	12	9	0	0	75	20	35
2022	Indigenous	56	26	3	7	5	2	1	85	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	28	5	6	2	2	2	86	8	1890
2022	First Nation	51	49	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	57	17	4	10	8	2	2	77	18	45
2020	Indigenous	60	24	3	2	8	1	2	87	10	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	28	6	4	1	2	2	88	6	2245
2020	First Nation	61	24	4	2	7	0	2	87	9	50

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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	74	11	1	6	7	0	85	14	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	60	25	5	5	4	1	86	9	1785
2024	First Nation	83	5	0	4	8	0	87	13	20
2024	Métis	66	16	2	8	8	0	82	16	35
2022	Indigenous	56	24	8	10	2	0	80	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	24	5	5	4	1	86	9	1890
2022	First Nation	53	36	5	7	0	0	88	7	20
2022	Métis	57	19	10	12	2	0	76	15	45
2020	Indigenous	51	26	6	6	11	1	77	17	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	25	7	5	3	1	84	9	2235
2020	First Nation	48	32	7	4	9	0	80	13	50

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	6	8	17	3	49	2	16	63	17	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	3	3	11	6	44	4	29	75	9	1780
2024	First Nation	8	13	9	0	56	0	13	64	25	20
2024	Métis	5	5	16	5	48	3	17	67	13	35
2022	Indigenous	3	6	7	9	43	7	25	77	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	3	11	5	48	5	26	77	7	1885
2022	First Nation	5	15	12	6	52	10	0	64	23	20
2022	Métis	2	2	5	9	42	6	32	84	8	45

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	45	36	6	9	5	0	81	13	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	40	12	5	4	1	78	10	1780
2024	First Nation	43	51	0	6	0	0	94	6	20
2024	Métis	48	25	10	12	5	0	73	17	35
2022	Indigenous	35	35	13	8	8	1	71	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	39	10	6	3	1	81	9	1890
2022	First Nation	25	43	22	10	0	0	68	10	20
2022	Métis	40	29	10	7	12	2	70	20	45
2020	Indigenous	54	35	5	4	2	0	89	6	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	35	6	3	1	1	90	4	2240
2020	First Nation	56	34	10	0	0	0	90	0	50
2019	Indigenous	45	39	7	5	1	3	86	6	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	36	8	4	2	0	86	6	2030
2019	First Nation	39	49	5	2	3	3	90	5	40
2019	Métis	52	30	8	8	0	3	84	8	35

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	9	23	28	29	12	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	9	27	35	22	6	1785
2024	First Nation	10	42	13	35	0	20
2024	Métis	8	13	30	28	20	35
2022	Indigenous	9	23	40	20	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	29	37	20	5	1890
2022	First Nation	10	22	47	16	6	20
2022	Métis	10	21	38	22	9	45

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	77	9	5	0	8	0	2	87	8	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	23	8	3	2	2	0	86	6	1785
2024	First Nation	87	9	0	0	4	0	0	96	4	20
2024	Métis	68	9	9	0	11	0	3	80	11	35
2022	Indigenous	58	28	8	1	3	1	0	88	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	23	6	4	3	2	1	87	6	1890
2022	First Nation	52	48	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	60	20	11	2	5	2	0	82	7	45
2020	Indigenous	53	20	9	3	10	5	0	77	14	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	23	11	3	2	3	0	83	6	2235
2020	First Nation	52	26	10	2	9	2	0	79	11	50

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	67	10	3	9	11	0	0	77	20	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	23	6	10	7	2	0	76	17	1780
2024	First Nation	73	15	0	4	8	0	0	87	13	20
2024	Métis	61	8	6	12	14	0	0	69	26	35
2022	Indigenous	55	17	5	20	3	0	0	72	23	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	23	6	9	7	1	1	77	17	1890
2022	First Nation	57	16	5	17	5	0	0	73	21	20
2022	Métis	53	17	6	23	2	0	0	70	25	45
2020	Indigenous	43	25	8	8	16	0	0	68	24	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	26	10	10	7	1	0	73	17	2245
2020	First Nation	46	18	13	10	13	0	0	64	23	50

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	36	28	7	12	15	0	2	65	28	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	37	14	13	8	2	0	65	21	1780
2024	First Nation	33	37	7	13	10	0	0	70	23	20
2024	Métis	41	15	8	12	20	0	3	58	33	35
2022	Indigenous	30	38	8	15	9	0	0	68	24	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	36	12	11	6	2	1	70	18	1890
2022	First Nation	25	38	5	32	0	0	0	63	32	20
2022	Métis	30	39	9	9	13	0	0	68	22	45
2020	Indigenous	45	26	8	13	7	1	1	72	20	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	32	12	7	4	1	0	77	11	2250
2020	First Nation	45	28	10	14	3	0	0	73	17	50
2019	Indigenous	30	28	13	17	11	1	0	59	27	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	36	13	12	8	1	0	66	21	2035
2019	First Nation	30	27	11	20	12	0	0	57	32	40
2019	Métis	32	30	17	11	8	3	0	63	19	35

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Non-Indigenous	22	55	9	10	3	1	0	78	13	395
2022	Indigenous	35	46	10	9	0	0	0	81	9	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	56	7	10	3	1	1	80	13	375
2020	Indigenous	26	50	13	12	0	0	0	75	12	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	47	10	9	2	0	1	79	11	435
2019	Indigenous	8	67	8	17	0	0	0	75	17	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	49	17	8	2	1	1	73	10	360

Work-related stress

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	17	30	10	8	3	32	68	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	37	31	16	7	7	1	38	62	1770
2024	First Nation	38	13	39	6	4	0	38	62	20
2024	Métis	27	14	28	14	12	5	28	72	35
2022	Indigenous	45	20	13	6	16	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	32	15	8	8	1			1875
2022	First Nation	36	32	17	5	10	0			20
2022	Métis	48	14	13	6	19	0			45
2020	Indigenous	36	22	22	9	10	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	30	20	8	7	0			2245
2020	First Nation	29	25	20	11	13	2			50
2019	Indigenous	28	19	19	17	17	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	29	22	12	15	0			2035
2019	First Nation	35	19	19	13	14	0			40
2019	Métis	19	18	21	20	21	0			35

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	18	24	22	12	23	0	0	18	82	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	21	28	24	12	13	0	1	21	79	1775
2024	First Nation	28	22	27	14	8	0	0	28	72	20
2024	Métis	14	22	19	11	34	0	0	14	86	35
2022	Indigenous	17	17	18	19	29	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	27	23	13	19	0	1			1870
2022	First Nation	9	16	17	42	16	0	0			20
2022	Métis	21	16	15	11	36	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	22	15	25	18	17	2	2			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	26	24	13	13	1	0			2245
2020	First Nation	22	19	22	14	17	3	4			50
2019	Indigenous	19	27	24	10	19	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	26	24	15	15	0	0			2035
2019	First Nation	23	30	25	4	17	0	0			40
2019	Métis	16	25	21	17	20	0	0			35

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	33	26	24	10	6	0	2	33	67	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	33	27	21	9	7	0	3	34	66	1775
2024	First Nation	40	25	18	9	8	0	0	40	60	20
2024	Métis	25	29	27	11	5	0	3	26	74	35
2022	Indigenous	32	18	14	22	11	0	3			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	20	11	11	0	2			1880
2022	First Nation	20	21	29	25	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	39	17	7	19	14	0	4			45
2020	Indigenous	36	15	28	10	7	2	2			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	28	19	9	7	1	1			2240
2020	First Nation	38	12	31	9	3	3	2			50
2019	Indigenous	37	23	23	12	5	0	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	28	21	11	9	0	1			2025
2019	First Nation	39	23	23	13	0	0	2			40
2019	Métis	38	25	18	11	8	0	0			35

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	28	21	15	12	21	0	3	28	72	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	27	27	21	12	11	1	1	28	72	1780
2024	First Nation	36	26	16	3	14	0	4	38	62	20
2024	Métis	22	17	13	18	28	0	2	22	78	35
2022	Indigenous	29	12	10	16	33	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	23	21	14	20	1	1			1885
2022	First Nation	26	11	15	15	33	0	0			20
2022	Métis	32	9	8	16	35	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	24	20	17	16	19	2	2			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	25	19	13	12	2	1			2230
2020	First Nation	27	17	16	19	15	3	2			50
2019	Indigenous	18	27	15	18	23	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	20	15	16	1	1			2030
2019	First Nation	25	21	17	21	15	0	0			40
2019	Métis	11	35	10	16	29	0	0			35

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	61	18	5	0	0	0	16	73	27	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	63	16	6	3	2	0	10	70	30	1780
2024	First Nation	69	23	4	0	0	0	4	72	28	20
2024	Métis	56	13	6	0	0	0	25	75	25	35
2022	Indigenous	59	9	12	5	3	0	13			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	17	7	4	3	1	9			1875
2022	First Nation	53	10	21	11	0	0	6			20
2022	Métis	64	7	8	2	4	0	15			45
2020	Indigenous	60	12	12	3	3	5	5			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	19	10	5	3	1	5			2235
2020	First Nation	62	12	7	4	4	9	2			50
2019	Indigenous	57	25	10	1	0	0	6			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	22	10	4	3	0	5			2030
2019	First Nation	62	20	9	2	0	0	7			40
2019	Métis	54	34	6	0	0	0	6			35

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	16	16	12	20	0	4	33	67	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	31	25	18	11	14	0	1	31	69	1780
2024	First Nation	37	14	13	10	22	0	4	39	61	20
2024	Métis	27	17	20	15	17	0	4	28	72	35
2022	Indigenous	34	30	8	14	11	1	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	29	19	9	8	0	1			1885
2022	First Nation	31	29	6	29	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	38	28	10	6	14	2	2			45
2020	Indigenous	32	28	15	12	11	1	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	28	18	10	8	0	0			2240
2020	First Nation	31	29	17	9	12	1	0			50
2019	Indigenous	36	26	20	13	5	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	30	18	8	7	0	0			2030
2019	First Nation	39	25	16	13	6	0	0			40
2019	Métis	33	29	22	13	3	0	0			35

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	26	33	12	6	18	0	6	27	73	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	30	30	19	9	9	1	1	31	69	1780
2024	First Nation	27	32	19	5	18	0	0	27	73	20
2024	Métis	24	34	8	7	17	0	10	26	74	35
2022	Indigenous	35	29	16	10	10	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	32	19	9	7	1	1			1880
2022	First Nation	20	33	15	15	17	0	0			20
2022	Métis	42	24	16	9	9	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	33	34	12	9	8	3	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	32	17	7	3	1	1			2240
2020	First Nation	35	33	17	8	4	3	0			50
2019	Indigenous	33	29	23	10	5	0	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	36	20	9	6	0	1			2030
2019	First Nation	26	33	29	7	5	0	0			40
2019	Métis	43	24	11	14	5	0	3			35

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	31	24	15	16	11	0	4	32	68	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	25	29	20	13	11	0	1	26	74	1780
2024	First Nation	42	29	11	5	8	0	4	44	56	20
2024	Métis	26	16	19	24	11	0	4	27	73	35
2022	Indigenous	25	29	9	15	22	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	30	20	12	14	0	1			1880
2022	First Nation	9	33	6	26	26	0	0			20
2022	Métis	33	27	9	10	21	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	26	28	22	14	9	2	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	31	20	12	5	1	1			2240
2020	First Nation	30	23	27	14	2	3	0			50
2019	Indigenous	24	27	17	20	10	1	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	29	23	14	11	0	0			2035
2019	First Nation	21	28	20	23	9	0	0			40
2019	Métis	30	27	13	19	8	3	0			35

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	27	9	12	15	0	2	35	65	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	36	29	16	10	8	0	1	36	64	1780
2024	First Nation	57	13	12	14	4	0	0	57	43	20
2024	Métis	21	35	9	11	20	0	4	22	78	35
2022	Indigenous	37	21	19	13	9	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	31	17	9	9	0	1			1885
2022	First Nation	20	33	31	10	6	0	0			20
2022	Métis	45	16	12	16	11	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	36	28	13	11	9	2	2			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	32	18	9	5	0	1			2235
2020	First Nation	37	31	15	7	5	3	2			50
2019	Indigenous	29	29	21	12	9	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	20	13	9	0	0			2035
2019	First Nation	26	29	23	13	9	0	0			40
2019	Métis	33	30	21	12	5	0	0			35

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	41	18	11	4	23	0	2	42	58	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	48	25	12	7	7	0	1	48	52	1780
2024	First Nation	47	8	17	0	28	0	0	47	53	20
2024	Métis	38	25	6	8	19	0	4	40	60	35
2022	Indigenous	45	23	18	3	10	0	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	26	12	6	7	0	1			1880
2022	First Nation	48	22	15	5	11	0	0			20
2022	Métis	44	26	16	2	10	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	55	15	12	4	11	2	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	24	12	5	4	1	1			2235
2020	First Nation	57	12	11	3	11	3	2			50
2019	Indigenous	45	28	8	9	9	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	27	14	8	6	0	0			2030
2019	First Nation	45	20	11	12	13	0	0			40
2019	Métis	50	36	3	6	5	0	0			35

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	62	15	6	6	7	4	65	35	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	53	25	10	6	5	1	54	46	1780
2024	First Nation	70	3	9	3	14	0	70	30	20
2024	Métis	60	21	5	8	0	7	64	36	35
2022	Indigenous	58	22	10	3	6	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	26	11	4	4	1			1880
2022	First Nation	62	33	0	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	58	17	13	2	8	2			45
2020	Indigenous	27	35	22	9	6	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	31	23	12	8	0			2240
2020	First Nation	32	34	20	8	4	2			50

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	24	25	12	14	21	4	25	75	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	28	31	19	11	10	1	28	72	1775
2024	First Nation	36	27	14	15	4	4	37	63	20
2024	Métis	19	23	11	12	31	4	20	80	35
2022	Indigenous	22	23	23	8	24	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	30	20	10	13	1			1885
2022	First Nation	19	28	26	0	27	0			20
2022	Métis	24	20	21	10	24	0			45
2020	Indigenous	15	23	25	18	18	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	31	21	14	11	0			2240
2020	First Nation	13	25	35	19	8	0			50
2019	Indigenous	15	29	24	10	23	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	30	19	13	13	0			2025
2019	First Nation	17	25	28	9	22	0			40
2019	Métis	14	35	19	9	24	0			35

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	35	8	18	6	27	0	7	37	63	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	34	16	17	11	19	0	2	35	65	1780
2024	First Nation	51	9	12	5	19	0	4	54	46	20
2024	Métis	23	9	20	7	31	0	9	26	74	35
2022	Indigenous	64	21	5	4	6	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	20	8	4	5	0	2			1880
2022	First Nation	58	37	0	5	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	68	14	7	4	8	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	51	27	9	4	7	1	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	27	12	5	2	0	1			2230
2020	First Nation	65	22	6	4	2	1	0			50
2019	Indigenous	54	20	14	6	6	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	24	11	6	4	0	1			2020
2019	First Nation	59	22	14	4	0	0	0			40
2019	Métis	53	18	13	5	11	0	0			35

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	38	32	9	4	8	3	5	42	58	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	49	30	10	4	5	0	1	50	50	1780
2024	First Nation	40	42	10	0	4	0	4	41	59	20
2024	Métis	37	25	9	8	8	6	6	43	57	35
2022	Indigenous	52	28	5	8	7	0	0			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	31	9	2	1	0	1			1880
2022	First Nation	57	33	5	5	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	53	23	4	9	10	0	0			45
2020	Indigenous	33	35	21	6	6	0	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	37	16	5	3	0	0			2225
2020	First Nation	36	35	20	6	4	0	0			50

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	53	15	11	8	4	10	59	41	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	73	11	5	2	3	7	79	21	1780
2024	First Nation	61	10	11	4	10	4	63	37	20
2024	Métis	49	19	9	11	0	12	56	44	35

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	13	12	8	7	2	9	55	45	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	61	14	8	5	7	1	5	64	36	1775
2024	First Nation	48	14	9	10	15	0	4	50	50	20
2024	Métis	52	10	14	8	3	3	10	59	41	35

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	70	12	3	1	7	2	6	75	25	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	3	2	1	4	82	18	1780
2024	First Nation	68	18	0	0	10	0	4	71	29	20
2024	Métis	74	6	5	3	5	3	4	80	20	35
2022	Indigenous	81	7	3	4	3	1	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	8	3	2	3	1	4			1885
2022	First Nation	75	11	5	5	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	84	5	2	2	2	2	2			45
2020	Indigenous	79	8	1	3	7	1	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	85	7	3	1	2	0	2			2230
2020	First Nation	80	10	0	2	5	2	1			50
2019	Indigenous	66	14	7	1	7	0	4			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	11	5	3	4	0	2			2035
2019	First Nation	56	14	12	2	7	0	8			40
2019	Métis	78	14	0	0	8	0	0			35

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	73	8	7	6	0	0	5	77	23	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	71	18	5	2	2	0	2	73	27	1780
2024	First Nation	87	0	0	9	0	0	4	91	9	20
2024	Métis	67	12	12	5	0	0	4	69	31	35
2022	Indigenous	75	18	1	2	2	0	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	16	4	1	1	0	3			1885
2022	First Nation	79	21	0	0	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	73	19	2	2	2	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	75	16	4	2	2	1	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	16	4	1	1	0	1			2215
2020	First Nation	84	11	2	0	2	2	0			50
2019	Indigenous	59	25	10	2	4	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	26	9	2	2	0	1			2030
2019	First Nation	67	20	6	2	5	0	0			40
2019	Métis	51	30	16	0	3	0	0			35

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	65	9	10	4	7	0	4	68	32	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	71	14	6	3	3	0	2	73	27	1780
2024	First Nation	77	0	15	0	8	0	0	77	23	20
2024	Métis	58	15	8	8	8	0	4	60	40	35
2022	Indigenous	73	11	8	4	3	0	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	15	5	3	4	0	2			1885
2022	First Nation	80	10	6	5	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	70	12	9	2	5	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	74	12	3	2	9	1	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	13	5	3	2	1	1			2230
2020	First Nation	76	13	0	3	5	2	0			50
2019	Indigenous	68	16	5	3	6	0	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	17	8	4	4	0	1			2025
2019	First Nation	60	24	7	0	7	0	2			40
2019	Métis	78	8	3	5	5	0	0			35

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	59	6	0	1	0	34	89	11	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	63	8	3	1	1	23	83	17	1780
2024	First Nation	73	0	0	4	0	23	95	5	20
2024	Métis	51	10	0	0	0	39	84	16	35
2022	Indigenous	56	6	1	3	2	32			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	8	3	1	1	25			1880
2022	First Nation	64	9	0	5	0	22			20
2022	Métis	52	6	2	2	2	36			45
2020	Indigenous	60	9	5	0	1	24			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	8	3	1	1	21			2230
2020	First Nation	64	6	4	0	0	26			50
2019	Indigenous	68	4	1	0	0	27			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	9	3	1	1	24			2015
2019	First Nation	76	2	0	0	0	21			40
2019	Métis	57	6	3	0	0	34			35

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	64	13	10	3	4	0	6	68	32	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	3	1	0	5	72	28	1775
2024	First Nation	63	15	4	4	8	0	6	67	33	20
2024	Métis	67	10	14	3	2	0	4	70	30	35
2022	Indigenous	71	15	5	1	5	0	3			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	16	6	3	2	0	5			1875
2022	First Nation	51	38	6	0	5	0	0			20
2022	Métis	79	6	6	0	5	0	5			45
2020	Indigenous	63	19	10	3	4	1	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	17	6	2	1	0	2			2240
2020	First Nation	58	20	15	4	2	1	0			50
2019	Indigenous	71	15	3	4	5	1	1			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	17	8	3	2	0	4			2025
2019	First Nation	69	18	0	5	6	3	0			40
2019	Métis	76	13	5	0	3	0	3			35

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	52	11	6	13	14	0	4	55	45	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	52	17	9	6	13	0	3	54	46	1780
2024	First Nation	44	10	9	23	14	0	0	44	56	20
2024	Métis	60	12	0	8	15	0	4	62	38	35
2022	Indigenous	59	18	4	3	12	0	4			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	14	7	5	8	0	3			1880
2022	First Nation	58	20	11	5	6	0	0			20
2022	Métis	59	18	2	2	14	0	6			45
2020	Indigenous	57	21	12	2	8	0	0			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	16	8	4	6	0	1			2245
2020	First Nation	62	17	13	2	6	0	0			50
2019	Indigenous	74	13	5	3	6	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	14	6	3	5	1	2			2030
2019	First Nation	75	11	2	5	7	0	0			40
2019	Métis	70	16	8	0	6	0	0			35

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	17	18	9	2	0	4	53	47	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	51	27	13	4	3	0	2	52	48	1780
2024	First Nation	65	22	9	0	0	0	4	67	33	20
2024	Métis	43	16	22	12	3	0	4	45	55	35
2022	Indigenous	45	35	13	4	1	0	1			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	28	13	3	2	1	2			1885
2022	First Nation	58	38	5	0	0	0	0			20
2022	Métis	42	32	16	6	2	0	2			45
2020	Indigenous	44	37	8	7	3	0	1			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	12	5	2	0	1			2245
2020	First Nation	48	35	7	4	4	0	2			50
2019	Indigenous	54	30	11	2	3	0	0			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	28	11	2	2	0	1			2025
2019	First Nation	55	37	9	0	0	0	0			40
2019	Métis	54	18	14	6	8	0	0			35

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	11	33	23	25	8	44	33	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	10	33	36	14	7	43	20	1785
2024	First Nation	21	35	18	22	4	56	26	20
2024	Métis	6	28	29	26	12	34	38	35
2022	Indigenous	8	33	22	27	11	41	38	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	33	35	14	7	45	21	1890
2022	First Nation	15	23	25	27	10	38	37	20
2022	Métis	6	35	20	29	11	40	40	45
2020	Indigenous	13	33	33	14	7	46	21	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	36	32	9	5	54	14	2245
2020	First Nation	12	42	31	11	4	54	15	50
2019	Indigenous	17	36	17	16	14	53	30	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	35	29	13	5	52	19	2035
2019	First Nation	21	30	18	20	11	51	31	40
2019	Métis	14	45	13	13	15	59	28	35

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	25	27	25	14	9	0	23	52	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	12	23	41	15	8	0	24	35	1780
2024	First Nation	8	32	33	8	19	0	26	41	20
2024	Métis	38	21	22	16	3	0	19	59	35
2022	Indigenous	14	33	26	22	5	0	27	47	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	21	39	20	10	0	30	32	1885
2022	First Nation	10	37	36	12	4	0	17	47	20
2022	Métis	16	33	18	27	6	0	33	49	45
2020	Indigenous	17	23	26	20	12	2	33	41	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	20	37	22	10	0	33	30	2235
2020	First Nation	9	21	37	19	13	1	32	30	50
2019	Indigenous	22	20	25	22	11	0	33	42	80
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	21	36	21	10	0	31	33	2030
2019	First Nation	15	23	24	24	14	0	38	38	40
2019	Métis	26	19	28	19	8	0	27	45	35

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	20	68	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	19	65	1785
2024	First Nation	28	63	20
2024	Métis	17	67	35
2022	Indigenous	22	68	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	69	1890
2022	First Nation	10	85	20
2022	Métis	28	60	45
2020	Indigenous	33	51	95
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	50	2250
2020	First Nation	31	49	50

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	50	50	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	49	51	340
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	355
2022	Métis	38	62	10
2020	Indigenous	39	61	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	700
2020	First Nation	38	62	15

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	51	11	9	6	6	2	15	61	39	60
2024	Non-Indigenous	45	16	9	3	4	3	20	58	42	1780
2024	First Nation	56	22	14	4	4	0	0	56	44	20
2024	Métis	46	6	6	5	8	3	27	65	35	35
2022	Indigenous	53	13	10	7	5	3	10			65
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	17	9	4	4	3	15			1885
2022	First Nation	38	26	10	16	0	4	6			20
2022	Métis	60	7	11	2	7	2	12			45
2020	Indigenous	48	22	7	6	4	0	13			95
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	19	12	6	5	2	11			2245
2020	First Nation	52	16	10	8	2	0	14			50
2019	Indigenous	48	13	9	9	17	0	4			80
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	19	14	8	8	0	8			2010
2019	First Nation	50	15	12	8	15	0	0			40
2019	Métis	47	11	7	11	16	0	8			35

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	8	42	16	18	7	9	0	55	27	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	15	23	15	18	22	1	6	41	43	340
2022	Indigenous	17	14	13	16	40	0	0	31	56	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	27	14	15	25	2	5	42	43	355
2022	Métis	19	16	15	11	39	0	0	35	50	10
2020	Indigenous	18	24	19	12	21	3	3	46	35	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	28	16	18	19	1	4	44	39	700
2020	First Nation	19	26	19	6	24	6	0	48	32	15

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Positive answers (%)	Negative answers (%)	Total responses
2024	Indigenous	0	42	19	24	15	0	0	42	39	10
2024	Non-Indigenous	8	23	12	20	31	1	4	33	54	340
2022	Indigenous	0	8	12	16	52	5	7	9	77	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	23	11	17	36	1	3	33	55	355
2022	Métis	0	9	7	18	52	6	8	10	82	10
2020	Indigenous	9	6	19	22	39	6	0	16	64	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	22	13	22	30	1	3	33	53	700
2020	First Nation	6	6	12	19	44	12	0	14	72	15

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Veterans Affairs Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 72. Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination: I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored