2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Women and Gender Equality Canada by Question 108. In which province or territory do you work?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 43 35 4 13 5 0 0 77 19 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 52 35 6 0 7 0 0 87 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 27 11 3 14 0 0 71 17 30
2022 National Capital Region 46 42 2 8 2 0 0 88 10 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 19 61 12 7 0 0 0 80 7 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 22 6 9 3 0 0 82 12 30
2022 British Columbia 52 38 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 15
2022 Alberta 38 62 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 65 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 10
2020 National Capital Region 38 48 3 8 3 0 0 86 12 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 49 44 4 4 0 0 0 92 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 61 23 4 6 3 0 2 86 9 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 68 32 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 17 7 3 7 0 0 83 10 30

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 52 26 7 9 4 0 2 79 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 67 26 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 29 7 20 0 0 0 73 20 30

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 37 35 5 11 10 0 2 73 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 72 21 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 57 24 5 4 4 0 7 87 8 30
2022 National Capital Region 51 34 6 5 3 1 1 86 8 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 40 17 25 12 0 0 6 60 13 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 65 31 0 0 0 0 4 100 0 30
2022 British Columbia 52 30 0 6 13 0 0 82 18 15
2022 Alberta 51 30 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 74 26 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 29 41 10 13 6 0 1 71 19 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 25 15 12 0 0 0 73 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 43 38 8 9 2 0 0 81 11 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 30 11 9 13 0 0 67 22 25

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 28 38 11 16 5 1 2 67 22 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 37 25 5 24 10 0 0 61 34 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 38 11 10 3 0 0 76 13 30
2022 National Capital Region 34 42 11 8 4 0 1 77 12 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 14 38 31 18 0 0 0 51 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 36 48 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 30
2022 British Columbia 12 57 13 19 0 0 0 68 19 15
2022 Alberta 7 87 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 41 9 8 0 0 0 83 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 48 12 12 2 1 1 74 14 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 44 15 8 8 0 0 69 16 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 49 10 10 0 0 10 77 12 10
2019 National Capital Region 24 42 15 16 3 0 1 67 18 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 23 37 13 17 9 0 0 61 26 25

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 39 38 11 8 3 1 1 78 11 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 52 37 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 23 11 3 4 0 0 83 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 50 32 7 6 3 0 1 83 9 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 14 30 0 55 0 0 0 45 55 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 50 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 30
2022 British Columbia 55 35 5 5 0 0 0 90 5 15
2022 Alberta 45 27 28 0 0 0 0 72 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 58 42 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 33 44 11 8 4 1 0 77 12 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 46 8 8 0 0 0 85 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 41 35 13 10 1 0 1 76 11 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 29 17 9 4 0 0 70 13 25

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 44 25 10 11 11 0 0 69 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 39 5 5 14 0 0 77 19 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 49 20 14 10 7 0 0 69 17 30
2022 National Capital Region 42 35 9 7 7 0 0 77 13 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 22 30 24 18 7 0 0 52 25 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 53 25 18 3 0 0 0 78 3 30
2022 British Columbia 51 37 0 13 0 0 0 87 13 15
2022 Alberta 26 54 6 8 6 0 0 80 14 10
2020 National Capital Region 36 36 8 12 8 0 0 72 20 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 53 31 12 4 0 0 0 84 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 46 32 11 7 4 1 0 78 11 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 49 21 17 9 4 0 0 70 13 25

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 33 43 10 10 4 0 0 76 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 35 40 18 0 7 0 0 74 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 32 44 11 6 7 0 0 76 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 43 36 9 6 6 0 0 78 12 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 41 41 0 18 0 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 38 3 11 0 0 0 85 11 30
2022 British Columbia 38 32 18 13 0 0 0 70 13 15
2022 Alberta 27 54 14 6 0 0 0 80 6 10
2022 New Brunswick 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 36 43 9 10 3 0 0 79 13 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 36 7 12 0 0 0 81 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 43 40 7 6 3 0 0 83 10 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 32 50 4 9 4 0 0 83 13 25

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 31 16 6 10 0 0 68 16 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 44 47 0 5 5 0 0 91 9 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 26 24 12 0 0 0 65 12 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 35 9 8 8 0 0 75 16 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 47 41 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 57 19 18 6 0 0 0 75 6 30
2022 British Columbia 57 38 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 15
2022 Alberta 32 41 13 14 0 0 0 73 14 10
2022 New Brunswick 59 33 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 35 37 11 12 5 0 0 72 17 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 37 18 8 0 0 0 74 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 37 38 9 11 5 1 0 75 16 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 40 9 9 4 0 0 78 13 25

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 32 47 6 10 5 0 0 80 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 15 66 5 15 0 0 0 80 15 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 39 19 13 0 0 0 68 13 30
2022 National Capital Region 33 42 9 12 4 0 0 74 17 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 48 24 8 0 0 0 68 8 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 36 45 9 7 3 0 0 81 10 30
2022 British Columbia 26 18 25 32 0 0 0 43 32 15
2022 Alberta 13 87 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 49 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 43 10 17 5 0 0 68 22 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 33 37 19 4 8 0 0 70 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 50 10 10 10 0 0 70 20 10
2019 National Capital Region 27 40 10 17 6 0 0 67 23 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 42 9 12 9 0 0 71 21 25

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 42 41 7 7 3 0 0 83 10 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 28 65 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 48 10 3 0 0 0 87 3 30
2022 National Capital Region 47 42 5 6 0 0 0 88 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 40 14 8 0 0 0 78 8 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 45 3 10 3 0 0 85 13 30
2022 British Columbia 37 51 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 47 34 19 0 0 0 0 81 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 76 24 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 42 38 13 6 2 0 0 80 8 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 51 41 4 4 0 0 0 92 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 49 40 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 49 33 9 7 3 0 0 81 9 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 42 13 4 4 0 0 78 9 25

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 33 35 16 7 9 0 0 68 16 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 32 0 13 7 0 0 80 20 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 35 36 12 13 4 0 0 71 17 30
2022 National Capital Region 41 37 10 8 4 0 0 78 12 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 36 25 18 0 0 0 57 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 41 11 3 3 0 0 83 6 30
2022 British Columbia 51 18 13 18 0 0 0 70 18 15
2022 Alberta 31 55 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 37 34 11 12 6 0 0 70 18 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 41 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 40 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 38 37 10 10 4 0 0 76 15 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 41 13 8 9 0 0 71 16 25

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 44 36 14 6 1 0 0 80 7 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 37 8 7 0 0 0 84 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 46 43 7 0 4 0 0 89 4 30
2022 National Capital Region 51 33 11 4 1 0 0 84 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 50 39 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 47 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 30
2022 British Columbia 51 36 0 13 0 0 0 87 13 15
2022 Alberta 59 41 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 42 34 17 5 2 0 0 76 7 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 37 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 51 35 9 3 1 0 0 86 5 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 51 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 25

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 31 39 10 13 8 0 0 70 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 44 27 24 5 0 0 0 71 5 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 32 37 17 4 10 0 0 70 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 37 40 9 10 5 0 0 76 14 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 7 63 11 14 6 0 0 69 19 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 35 24 9 6 0 0 60 16 30
2022 British Columbia 40 24 13 23 0 0 0 65 23 15
2022 Alberta 20 53 27 0 0 0 0 73 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 51 24 8 17 0 0 0 75 17 10
2020 National Capital Region 30 41 9 16 4 0 0 71 20 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 39 15 4 4 0 0 77 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 39 39 8 9 4 1 0 79 13 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 21 58 4 9 9 0 0 78 17 25

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 38 33 10 14 6 0 0 71 19 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 35 40 20 5 0 0 0 74 5 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 28 14 7 7 0 0 72 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 35 12 8 5 0 0 75 14 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 52 24 0 0 0 0 76 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 44 25 3 6 0 0 66 9 30
2022 British Columbia 48 29 18 5 0 0 0 77 5 15
2022 Alberta 25 41 19 15 0 0 0 66 15 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 50 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 37 33 11 12 8 0 0 69 19 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 33 19 4 0 0 0 77 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 43 32 13 6 6 0 0 74 12 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 23 22 4 9 0 0 65 13 25

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 37 37 8 10 8 0 0 74 18 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 39 9 7 7 0 0 77 14 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 32 26 6 7 0 0 61 13 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 32 14 9 5 0 1 72 14 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 20 41 31 8 0 0 0 62 8 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 34 19 6 3 0 0 71 9 30
2022 British Columbia 34 35 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 15
2022 Alberta 32 35 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 58 32 0 0 0 9 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 23 46 14 13 4 0 0 68 18 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 38 7 4 8 0 0 81 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 32 45 10 10 4 0 0 77 14 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 38 17 9 4 0 0 70 13 25

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 37 39 10 11 4 0 0 76 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 41 45 0 0 14 0 0 86 14 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 42 0 10 11 0 0 79 21 30
2022 National Capital Region 45 33 13 5 4 0 0 78 9 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 25 57 11 7 0 0 0 82 7 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 34 42 16 3 5 0 0 76 8 30
2022 British Columbia 45 37 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 15
2022 Alberta 45 35 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 68 23 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 38 38 11 9 4 0 0 76 13 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 52 29 12 4 0 4 0 84 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 46 36 10 6 3 0 0 82 9 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 42 13 0 4 0 0 83 4 25

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 34 32 21 9 3 0 0 66 13 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 34 8 10 0 0 0 81 10 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 24 51 11 10 4 0 0 75 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 28 33 19 11 8 0 0 61 20 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 30 58 6 0 7 0 0 88 7 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 27 28 29 10 7 0 0 55 16 30
2022 British Columbia 30 40 5 19 6 0 0 71 24 15
2022 Alberta 31 27 28 7 7 0 0 58 14 10
2022 New Brunswick 43 39 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 27 28 22 13 8 0 0 56 22 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 48 23 4 4 0 0 70 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 49 30 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 36 35 13 11 5 0 0 71 16 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 58 33 4 0 4 0 0 91 4 25

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 14 28 36 13 7 0 1 21 43 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 15 34 23 8 21 0 0 28 49 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 35 31 7 3 4 0 11 57 30
2022 National Capital Region 14 27 35 19 4 0 2 23 41 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 32 51 17 0 0 0 17 32 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 13 46 25 7 0 8 0 8 65 30
2022 British Columbia 6 25 56 0 0 0 13 0 35 15
2022 Alberta 27 22 13 6 13 19 0 24 60 10
2022 New Brunswick 0 18 49 14 0 0 19 18 22 10
2020 National Capital Region 20 35 30 11 3 1 0 14 56 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 12 38 15 26 0 7 3 29 55 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 20 40 20 0 0 0 20 41 10
2019 National Capital Region 12 27 38 15 7 0 0 23 39 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 17 21 31 17 13 0 0 30 38 25

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 27 26 17 4 1 2 22 51 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 32 16 8 13 0 0 21 64 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 32 13 33 0 0 0 33 54 30
2022 National Capital Region 16 28 32 15 6 1 3 21 46 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 7 42 30 21 0 0 0 21 49 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 30 30 6 0 5 0 7 61 30
2022 British Columbia 14 17 52 0 5 0 13 6 35 15
2022 Alberta 34 28 13 0 6 19 0 8 77 10
2022 New Brunswick 9 33 17 22 0 0 19 27 52 10
2020 National Capital Region 19 21 35 20 5 1 0 24 40 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 14 26 27 11 8 11 3 22 47 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 20 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 10
2019 National Capital Region 17 23 37 17 5 1 1 22 40 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 4 32 21 12 0 0 33 35 25

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 13 25 30 21 9 0 2 30 40 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 5 23 30 14 21 0 8 38 30 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 10 36 27 20 7 0 0 27 47 30
2022 National Capital Region 17 28 25 19 10 0 1 29 45 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 13 23 27 36 0 0 0 36 37 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 20 33 19 0 5 0 20 45 30
2022 British Columbia 30 6 39 0 13 0 13 14 41 15
2022 Alberta 49 14 12 6 0 19 0 8 77 10
2022 New Brunswick 17 9 47 27 0 0 0 27 27 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 26 30 12 5 2 0 17 52 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 11 30 30 10 12 4 3 23 44 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 40 40 10 10 0 0 20 40 10
2019 National Capital Region 16 21 31 23 7 1 1 30 38 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 13 4 24 34 25 0 0 59 17 25

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 30 21 28 14 5 0 1 20 52 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 20 10 41 14 7 0 8 23 33 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 34 20 9 7 0 0 16 64 30
2022 National Capital Region 15 22 26 17 14 2 4 33 39 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 13 56 16 0 0 14 19 15 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 21 23 12 23 13 0 8 39 48 30
2022 British Columbia 14 0 23 35 5 0 23 53 18 15
2022 Alberta 12 30 13 6 6 33 0 18 62 10
2022 New Brunswick 0 42 24 8 27 0 0 34 42 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 22 23 21 8 2 0 29 47 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 26 30 10 15 11 7 32 32 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 20 20 40 20 0 0 60 20 10
2019 National Capital Region 16 19 23 28 11 2 1 40 36 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 4 0 37 25 24 4 4 54 5 25

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 12 22 30 22 7 2 4 31 36 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 13 28 32 7 15 6 0 23 43 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 8 19 20 31 13 8 0 48 30 30
2022 National Capital Region 20 18 30 14 7 4 6 24 42 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 43 24 19 0 0 14 22 50 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 27 20 13 0 15 3 16 60 30
2022 British Columbia 0 5 30 24 30 5 5 61 6 15
2022 Alberta 21 28 26 0 6 19 0 8 61 10
2022 New Brunswick 8 16 68 8 0 0 0 8 24 10
2020 National Capital Region 23 23 28 15 5 5 1 21 49 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 3 27 41 14 4 7 3 21 34 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 40 30 10 10 0 10 22 44 10
2019 National Capital Region 16 28 24 18 9 3 1 29 47 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 4 12 21 29 21 9 4 57 19 25

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 16 26 29 19 7 2 2 27 43 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 25 24 30 13 8 0 0 21 49 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 28 24 30 0 0 0 30 46 30
2022 National Capital Region 14 19 30 19 11 4 3 33 35 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 6 36 34 11 14 0 0 25 41 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 18 44 9 0 7 0 10 43 30
2022 British Columbia 10 26 47 5 0 0 13 6 41 15
2022 Alberta 35 7 19 6 0 33 0 9 62 10
2022 New Brunswick 24 26 9 22 0 0 19 27 61 10
2020 National Capital Region 18 18 32 22 7 2 0 30 37 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 11 34 22 8 7 3 34 29 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 10 70 0 0 0 0 0 30 10
2019 National Capital Region 12 19 33 21 9 3 2 32 33 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 17 21 4 24 25 9 0 53 42 25

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 6 18 28 28 19 0 1 48 24 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 7 20 26 28 19 0 0 48 27 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 10 30 25 17 0 0 42 28 30
2022 National Capital Region 3 8 32 32 23 0 4 56 11 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 13 44 43 0 0 0 43 13 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 9 12 35 22 22 0 0 44 21 30
2022 British Columbia 0 25 39 19 0 0 18 23 30 15
2022 Alberta 19 22 40 0 0 19 0 0 50 10
2022 New Brunswick 9 8 40 24 19 0 0 43 17 10
2020 National Capital Region 3 14 29 39 15 0 0 54 16 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 4 12 22 33 27 0 3 62 16 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 10 30 30 20 0 0 49 21 10
2019 National Capital Region 5 18 18 36 23 0 0 59 23 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 9 7 38 25 21 0 0 46 16 25
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My Work Unit

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 27 27 14 11 7 7 6 63 20 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 53 0 12 11 0 0 77 23 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 33 31 17 10 3 3 4 68 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 32 32 15 5 3 4 9 74 9 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 7 24 0 0 18 14 65 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 51 6 7 3 12 3 81 12 30
2022 British Columbia 37 17 6 10 0 5 25 77 15 15
2022 Alberta 32 30 13 0 0 25 0 82 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 75 0 9 0 0 8 9 90 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 28 28 15 8 3 10 8 68 14 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 27 23 31 0 0 15 4 62 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 30 20 0 0 30 10 67 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 29 34 15 9 2 7 4 71 12 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 21 8 0 13 13 4 75 16 25

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 54 23 8 8 6 1 1 78 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 59 25 0 5 11 0 0 84 16 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 24 3 6 0 0 0 91 6 30
2022 National Capital Region 61 29 4 5 2 0 0 89 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 55 33 0 0 0 11 0 100 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 26 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 30
2022 British Columbia 60 12 0 23 0 5 0 76 24 15
2022 Alberta 71 16 6 8 0 0 0 86 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 82 18 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 56 23 6 10 5 1 0 79 15 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 26 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 30 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 53 30 8 6 3 1 0 83 9 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 75 8 4 4 9 0 0 83 13 25

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 58 28 4 5 4 1 0 86 9 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 45 44 0 5 7 0 0 89 11 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 58 32 4 3 4 0 0 90 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 65 30 3 2 1 0 0 94 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 70 12 0 18 0 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 80 16 0 3 0 0 0 97 3 30
2022 British Columbia 71 11 13 5 0 0 0 82 5 15
2022 Alberta 71 22 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 61 27 5 6 1 0 0 88 7 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 63 37 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 59 29 5 5 2 0 0 88 6 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 79 8 4 0 9 0 0 87 9 25

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 51 35 6 5 2 1 0 87 7 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 62 31 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 39 10 0 0 3 0 90 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 59 30 7 3 1 0 0 89 4 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 62 38 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 73 18 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 30
2022 British Columbia 65 5 13 18 0 0 0 70 18 15
2022 Alberta 57 35 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 52 34 7 5 2 0 0 87 6 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 64 22 11 0 4 0 0 86 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 70 20 0 0 0 10 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 54 32 8 4 1 0 0 86 6 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 62 25 4 4 4 0 0 87 9 25

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 40 31 9 7 5 5 4 77 13 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 34 0 17 18 0 0 64 36 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 33 14 3 0 7 0 82 3 30
2022 National Capital Region 43 33 9 4 2 4 5 83 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 39 37 24 0 0 0 0 76 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 22 3 10 0 7 0 86 11 30
2022 British Columbia 61 15 0 24 0 0 0 76 24 15
2022 Alberta 24 42 0 8 7 19 0 82 18 10
2022 New Brunswick 83 17 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 31 13 6 4 7 4 74 12 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 28 0 23 18 0 0 59 41 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 25 10 9 4 4 4 75 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 46 26 8 6 2 8 4 81 10 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 39 14 12 11 18 6 0 56 31 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 37 3 3 3 10 0 89 7 30
2022 British Columbia 49 27 0 24 0 0 0 76 24 15
2022 Alberta 27 26 13 0 15 19 0 65 18 10
2022 New Brunswick 67 24 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 55 26 7 5 3 0 4 84 8 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 51 28 5 0 7 0 8 87 8 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 55 25 16 0 4 0 0 80 4 30
2022 National Capital Region 58 24 12 1 0 0 4 86 2 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 41 36 12 0 0 11 0 86 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 61 33 3 3 0 0 0 94 3 30
2022 British Columbia 70 0 18 13 0 0 0 70 13 15
2022 Alberta 54 14 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 61 22 10 4 1 0 2 85 5 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 15 11 4 4 4 4 80 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 70 30 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 52 26 14 6 1 0 1 80 6 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 54 8 21 13 4 0 0 62 17 25

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 53 25 8 6 5 0 2 80 12 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 61 22 10 7 0 0 0 83 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 14 17 3 0 0 0 80 3 30
2022 National Capital Region 45 35 8 8 4 0 0 80 11 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 40 11 18 0 0 0 71 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 54 30 9 7 0 0 0 84 7 30
2022 British Columbia 43 26 18 13 0 0 0 70 13 15
2022 Alberta 48 45 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 76 24 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 50 30 8 8 2 1 0 81 10 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 22 18 0 4 0 0 78 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 30 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 40 31 12 10 3 2 1 74 13 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 33 13 8 4 0 0 74 13 25

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 61 19 7 4 6 0 2 82 11 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 67 16 10 0 7 0 0 83 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 16 11 0 0 4 0 89 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 56 24 11 5 2 1 1 82 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 53 6 12 18 0 11 0 66 20 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 67 18 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 30
2022 British Columbia 57 13 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 15
2022 Alberta 48 39 6 8 0 0 0 86 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 57 23 11 4 3 2 1 82 6 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 52 29 8 0 4 4 4 88 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 53 26 8 8 4 0 1 80 12 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 50 33 10 7 0 0 0 83 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 63 34 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 49 33 8 8 3 0 0 82 11 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 63 25 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 27 10 3 0 0 0 87 3 30
2022 British Columbia 46 24 5 25 0 0 0 70 25 15
2022 Alberta 79 14 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 51 29 7 7 4 1 1 82 11 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 22 8 3 4 3 0 85 7 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 20 10 20 0 0 0 70 20 10
2019 National Capital Region 45 31 12 8 3 1 1 77 11 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 49 13 12 17 9 0 0 62 26 25

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 69 16 6 5 2 1 1 86 7 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 68 15 0 11 0 0 6 88 12 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 20 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 65 26 3 2 1 3 0 94 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 75 19 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 63 24 0 6 3 0 3 90 10 30
2022 British Columbia 75 13 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 67 6 13 6 0 0 8 79 7 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 60 24 5 6 5 0 1 84 10 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 69 14 5 7 6 0 0 83 12 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 24 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 55 28 7 7 3 0 0 83 10 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 31 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 30
2022 British Columbia 57 0 30 13 0 0 0 57 13 15
2022 Alberta 73 13 6 8 0 0 0 86 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 53 27 7 9 4 1 0 81 12 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 43 4 4 4 0 0 88 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 30 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 54 24 8 7 6 0 1 79 13 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 54 21 13 8 4 0 0 74 13 25

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 84 8 2 3 1 0 1 93 4 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 93 4 0 3 0 0 0 97 3 30
2022 National Capital Region 86 9 2 2 0 0 0 95 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 88 12 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 90 3 3 3 0 0 0 94 3 30
2022 British Columbia 87 0 0 0 0 0 13 100 0 15
2022 Alberta 86 14 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 77 12 5 3 2 0 0 89 5 150
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 84 12 0 4 0 0 0 96 4 25
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Senior Management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 24 37 17 14 7 1 0 62 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 30 19 11 33 7 0 0 49 40 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 32 27 18 11 4 8 0 64 16 30
2022 National Capital Region 38 32 12 5 4 9 0 78 9 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 26 40 6 0 18 11 0 74 20 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 41 13 6 0 17 0 77 7 30
2022 British Columbia 35 29 25 0 0 10 0 72 0 15
2022 Alberta 25 48 8 0 0 19 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 36 31 10 9 2 12 0 76 13 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 29 15 3 0 11 4 78 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 20 0 10 0 10 0 88 12 10
2019 National Capital Region 35 40 10 10 1 3 0 77 12 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 24 4 9 9 9 0 76 19 25

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 20 33 18 16 13 0 0 53 29 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 22 28 6 29 15 0 0 50 44 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 30 11 13 19 4 0 54 34 30
2022 National Capital Region 29 37 13 13 6 2 0 68 19 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 11 48 12 0 18 11 0 66 20 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 42 13 9 10 3 0 67 20 30
2022 British Columbia 36 29 30 0 0 5 0 68 0 15
2022 Alberta 7 30 27 16 0 20 0 46 20 10
2022 New Brunswick 33 33 9 16 9 0 0 66 25 10
2020 National Capital Region 28 37 12 13 9 3 0 66 22 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 29 30 11 0 0 0 59 11 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 30 38 14 12 4 1 0 69 17 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 20 9 13 9 9 0 67 23 25

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 14 28 19 19 20 1 0 42 39 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 16 20 19 31 14 0 0 36 45 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 13 29 22 16 16 4 0 44 33 30
2022 National Capital Region 22 33 16 15 10 4 0 58 26 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 18 20 19 14 18 11 0 43 36 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 12 31 21 19 10 6 0 47 31 30
2022 British Columbia 25 41 16 0 0 18 0 81 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 32 13 23 6 19 0 47 36 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 38 17 18 9 0 0 57 27 10
2020 National Capital Region 14 32 19 20 12 3 0 48 33 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 22 26 23 0 7 0 47 24 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 30 30 10 0 0 0 60 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 14 40 16 19 8 3 0 56 28 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 36 16 9 4 4 0 69 14 25

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 13 37 17 17 15 1 0 51 32 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 25 6 37 0 7 0 54 40 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 16 30 15 17 19 3 0 48 37 30
2022 National Capital Region 22 34 17 18 9 1 0 56 27 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 20 12 36 0 0 0 52 36 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 26 24 12 15 0 0 49 28 30
2022 British Columbia 19 42 29 5 0 5 0 65 5 15
2022 Alberta 13 13 26 16 13 19 0 32 36 10
2022 New Brunswick 41 33 0 26 0 0 0 74 26 10
2020 National Capital Region 17 36 17 19 9 2 0 54 29 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 33 26 19 0 7 0 52 20 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 40 10 10 0 10 0 77 12 10
2019 National Capital Region 13 35 17 22 10 3 0 49 34 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 29 11 17 13 4 0 57 31 25

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 47 32 14 3 3 1 0 80 6 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 43 44 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 26 29 0 14 0 0 57 14 30
2022 National Capital Region 43 35 14 6 1 1 0 79 8 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 25 48 6 0 0 0 46 6 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 35 21 22 13 6 3 0 58 19 30
2022 British Columbia 65 22 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 65 19 8 8 0 0 0 84 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 67 25 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 42 30 17 7 3 1 0 72 10 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 47 11 27 4 11 0 0 59 15 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 20 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 49 28 9 8 3 2 1 79 12 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 51 12 24 13 0 0 0 63 13 25
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 28 52 8 8 4 0 0 80 12 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 33 47 6 13 0 0 0 81 13 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 63 11 0 7 0 0 82 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 39 13 5 3 0 0 79 8 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 36 64 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 35 9 22 3 0 0 65 25 30
2022 British Columbia 48 47 0 5 0 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Alberta 24 60 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 10
2020 National Capital Region 27 43 15 10 4 1 0 70 15 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 37 15 15 0 7 0 68 16 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 49 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 28 40 11 16 3 2 0 70 19 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 32 9 17 13 0 0 61 31 25

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 23 23 27 14 0 0 35 41 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 8 28 0 44 13 7 0 39 61 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 7 22 29 28 14 0 0 29 42 30
2022 National Capital Region 20 32 19 22 5 3 0 53 28 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 18 28 25 0 29 0 0 46 29 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 13 32 12 34 6 3 0 46 42 30
2022 British Columbia 19 54 17 10 0 0 0 73 10 15
2022 Alberta 6 26 25 16 7 19 0 40 29 10
2022 New Brunswick 33 15 17 34 0 0 0 49 34 10
2020 National Capital Region 12 33 19 21 12 2 0 46 34 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 30 26 22 4 4 0 46 27 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 70 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 9 36 18 22 13 1 0 46 36 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 33 8 21 9 4 0 61 31 25

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 41 13 13 5 3 1 67 19 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 16 21 6 45 0 12 0 41 51 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 45 19 7 4 0 0 70 10 30
2022 National Capital Region 25 40 12 14 5 4 0 69 19 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 18 38 24 20 0 0 0 56 20 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 46 16 12 3 0 0 69 15 30
2022 British Columbia 42 23 0 5 18 0 13 74 26 15
2022 Alberta 13 48 6 27 0 6 0 65 28 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 38 12 16 2 5 0 67 20 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 27 35 15 4 4 16 0 74 9 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 20 10 20 0 10 0 66 23 10
2019 National Capital Region 27 21 14 24 11 5 0 50 36 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 16 22 25 9 0 0 44 34 25

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 24 42 19 10 5 0 0 66 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 16 47 17 20 0 0 0 63 20 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 51 21 0 8 0 0 71 8 30
2022 National Capital Region 35 40 16 6 2 2 0 76 8 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 40 18 18 24 0 0 0 58 24 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 48 6 10 3 3 0 80 14 30
2022 British Columbia 54 33 0 13 0 0 0 87 13 15
2022 Alberta 13 47 14 7 0 19 0 74 9 10
2022 New Brunswick 59 24 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 28 38 20 10 4 0 0 67 13 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 33 26 7 4 8 0 60 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 20 32 19 18 7 3 1 54 26 150
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 21 25 12 4 0 0 58 17 25

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 23 21 15 12 13 5 41 33 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 20 0 12 22 16 0 60 40 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 31 24 16 0 7 4 56 18 30
2022 National Capital Region 20 22 21 9 7 14 7 53 20 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 11 28 20 0 18 23 0 50 23 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 10 24 10 13 14 9 38 30 30
2022 British Columbia 49 22 0 13 6 10 0 79 21 15
2022 Alberta 26 12 28 7 0 19 8 52 10 10
2020 National Capital Region 18 24 16 13 9 17 3 52 28 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 18 22 7 7 23 4 50 20 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 20 10 30 0 10 10 50 38 10
2019 National Capital Region 18 17 26 15 7 15 4 43 26 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 16 12 12 17 13 4 50 35 25

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 17 30 18 19 13 2 0 48 33 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 35 17 8 11 8 0 60 22 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 16 41 18 18 4 4 0 59 23 30
2022 National Capital Region 25 39 14 14 7 2 0 65 21 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 32 14 19 18 11 6 0 49 31 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 46 22 3 0 3 0 74 3 30
2022 British Columbia 30 29 25 11 0 5 0 62 12 15
2022 Alberta 19 73 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 68 16 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 18 31 19 16 7 8 1 55 25 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 30 30 15 0 7 0 52 16 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 49 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 24 32 21 11 7 6 0 59 19 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 24 32 26 4 9 4 0 59 14 25

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 41 24 19 3 6 1 6 44 56 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 46 23 20 0 12 0 0 46 54 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 18 7 11 4 0 0 60 40 30
2022 National Capital Region 49 20 10 8 7 1 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 36 27 30 7 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 59 26 3 0 13 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 60 5 25 0 10 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 25 39 16 0 0 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 59 15 9 9 0 0 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 43 29 15 3 4 1 5 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 18 7 8 0 0 7 25
2020 New Brunswick 49 10 10 20 10 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 58 19 11 4 5 0 3 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 58 21 9 0 4 0 9 25

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 41 13 10 7 7 2 21 53 47 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 0 18 19 37 0 5 22 78 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 67 16 0 7 3 0 6 72 28 30

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 67 8 3 2 4 3 12 79 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 70 6 17 0 7 0 0 70 30 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 90 10 30
2022 National Capital Region 79 5 3 1 1 4 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 45 31 0 0 11 0 12 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 84 6 9 0 0 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 76 13 6 0 0 5 0 15
2022 Alberta 73 13 0 8 0 6 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 83 9 0 0 0 0 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 75 9 5 3 2 4 3 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 79 3 7 0 0 0 11 25
2019 National Capital Region 77 5 5 1 2 2 7 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 78 0 0 0 9 5 9 25

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 62 8 4 1 2 0 23 81 19 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 70 6 7 0 11 0 6 74 26 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 84 7 0 0 0 0 9 92 8 30

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 55 10 7 3 5 1 19 69 31 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 64 25 0 0 5 0 6 68 32 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 87 7 3 0 0 0 3 90 10 30

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 13 25 11 22 23 3 3 41 47 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 23 0 26 20 7 0 50 50 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 24 25 10 18 4 0 45 29 30
2022 National Capital Region 22 33 13 12 12 2 5 60 26 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 31 0 57 11 0 0 31 69 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 27 10 6 0 11 0 82 7 30
2022 British Columbia 16 61 13 5 0 5 0 81 5 15
2022 Alberta 6 34 6 8 27 19 0 50 43 10
2022 New Brunswick 22 42 8 9 0 0 19 80 11 10
2020 National Capital Region 18 26 20 17 13 5 1 47 32 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 31 19 19 0 12 0 57 21 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 40 30 0 0 20 0 62 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 26 29 11 16 9 6 2 60 28 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 21 24 22 12 17 4 0 47 30 25

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 22 41 15 15 5 3 0 65 20 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 16 60 5 15 0 5 0 79 16 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 44 16 21 0 0 0 64 21 30
2022 National Capital Region 33 40 14 8 4 2 0 74 12 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 76 6 11 0 7 0 82 12 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 35 34 14 10 3 3 0 72 13 30
2022 British Columbia 30 34 18 18 0 0 0 65 18 15
2022 Alberta 6 41 27 7 0 19 0 58 9 10
2022 New Brunswick 33 35 24 8 0 0 0 68 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 20 47 18 10 4 2 0 68 14 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 49 8 14 0 7 0 77 15 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 50 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 27 46 13 10 3 1 0 74 13 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 34 29 8 4 0 4 57 13 25

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 37 9 12 5 0 0 73 18 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 56 20 10 7 0 7 0 82 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 47 11 11 3 0 0 75 15 30
2022 National Capital Region 46 40 7 4 2 1 0 87 6 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 19 26 12 25 18 0 0 45 43 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 50 37 10 3 0 0 0 87 3 30
2022 British Columbia 24 58 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 15
2022 Alberta 38 22 6 7 8 19 0 74 18 10
2022 New Brunswick 43 41 8 0 9 0 0 84 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 35 44 10 8 2 1 0 80 10 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 33 11 3 0 4 0 85 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 70 20 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 47 33 11 7 2 1 0 80 9 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 50 24 17 9 0 0 0 74 9 25

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 39 40 6 8 3 3 0 82 12 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 28 40 24 0 0 7 0 74 0 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 43 7 7 0 4 0 85 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 57 30 6 5 1 1 0 89 6 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 7 77 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 51 40 0 6 0 3 0 94 6 30
2022 British Columbia 25 58 0 18 0 0 0 82 18 15
2022 Alberta 37 29 0 15 0 19 0 82 18 10
2022 New Brunswick 67 25 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 44 36 13 5 0 2 0 81 6 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 36 4 7 0 7 0 88 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 56 28 6 6 1 3 0 86 7 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 57 16 17 4 4 0 0 74 9 25

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 30 25 25 6 5 8 1 60 13 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 8 48 0 7 13 0 37 8 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 35 25 19 3 0 18 0 73 4 30
2022 National Capital Region 41 29 18 2 1 9 0 77 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 8 11 52 29 0 0 0 19 29 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 57 10 3 0 4 0 87 3 30
2022 British Columbia 55 16 29 0 0 0 0 71 0 15
2022 Alberta 25 26 30 0 0 19 0 63 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 32 18 8 0 0 0 74 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 47 36 10 4 2 2 0 85 5 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 53 40 0 4 0 3 0 96 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 35 7 9 6 5 2 76 16 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 47 31 0 15 7 0 0 78 22 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 40 31 10 8 0 7 4 80 8 30
2022 National Capital Region 45 36 7 5 2 5 1 86 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 33 30 14 11 0 0 12 71 13 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 36 45 6 3 0 7 3 89 4 30
2022 British Columbia 59 30 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 15
2022 Alberta 47 26 0 0 8 19 0 91 9 10
2022 New Brunswick 76 24 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 49 30 10 4 3 1 3 83 7 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 53 29 11 4 0 4 0 85 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 40 0 0 0 0 10 100 0 10

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 4 7 6 4 33 5 40 69 19 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 7 18 0 24 31 8 12 69 31 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 8 0 13 7 30 0 43 64 13 30
2022 National Capital Region 1 1 7 6 38 6 41 82 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 11 0 7 0 31 7 44 63 23 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 3 10 12 41 3 30 80 4 30
2022 British Columbia 0 0 6 0 48 0 46 89 0 15
2022 Alberta 15 7 20 8 18 19 12 39 32 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 0 0 0 49 0 32 72 28 10

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 15 27 5 5 31 6 41 16 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 8 7 34 0 12 39 0 25 20 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 6 10 17 0 0 62 5 48 0 30
2022 National Capital Region 18 19 17 1 1 41 3 67 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 11 8 24 0 0 58 0 44 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 6 26 13 3 0 47 5 67 7 30
2022 British Columbia 37 11 0 0 0 52 0 100 0 15
2022 Alberta 0 39 7 0 0 54 0 85 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 17 8 0 0 33 0 88 0 10

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 45 37 5 8 5 0 0 82 13 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 49 27 5 20 0 0 0 76 20 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 54 33 7 0 7 0 0 87 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 59 28 7 4 2 0 0 87 6 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 24 47 0 18 0 11 0 80 20 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 61 36 0 3 0 0 0 97 3 30
2022 British Columbia 52 43 0 5 0 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Alberta 64 29 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 75 17 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 53 33 7 6 1 0 0 86 7 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 36 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 56 30 9 3 2 0 0 86 5 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 67 29 4 0 0 0 0 96 0 25

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 30 27 14 16 12 0 0 57 28 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 43 24 22 5 7 0 0 67 11 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 35 11 6 10 0 0 72 17 30
2022 National Capital Region 44 23 13 11 7 1 0 68 19 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 44 0 11 7 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 46 38 9 3 3 0 0 84 7 30
2022 British Columbia 46 54 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2022 Alberta 38 39 6 16 0 0 0 78 16 10
2022 New Brunswick 58 33 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 28 31 15 12 14 1 0 59 25 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 40 7 11 0 0 0 82 11 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 34 31 20 6 10 0 0 65 16 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 54 9 29 4 4 0 0 62 8 25

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 31 29 18 12 11 0 0 60 23 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 43 25 10 16 7 0 0 68 22 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 39 5 3 14 0 0 78 17 30
2022 National Capital Region 41 31 12 7 9 0 0 72 16 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 25 21 19 29 7 0 0 45 36 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 59 0 0 3 0 0 97 3 30
2022 British Columbia 46 24 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 15
2022 Alberta 32 46 14 8 0 0 0 78 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 49 51 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 27 35 16 12 9 1 0 63 21 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 33 11 11 0 0 0 78 11 25
2020 New Brunswick 70 30 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 34 38 15 7 7 0 0 71 13 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 47 23 22 4 5 0 0 70 9 25
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Mobility and Retention

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 34 26 13 7 15 4 0 63 23 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 36 14 8 35 7 0 0 50 41 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 46 34 0 13 7 0 0 80 20 30
2022 National Capital Region 44 19 13 10 10 3 1 65 21 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 24 7 24 7 0 0 62 31 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 37 12 3 3 3 0 81 7 30
2022 British Columbia 33 37 25 5 0 0 0 70 5 15
2022 Alberta 38 6 7 29 0 19 0 55 36 10
2022 New Brunswick 75 16 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 28 25 18 13 13 4 0 55 27 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 25 29 8 0 7 0 60 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 10 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 29 29 17 14 8 2 0 60 23 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 16 31 8 4 0 0 57 12 25

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 47 24 28 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 51 14 35 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 34 42 24 30
2022 National Capital Region 47 28 25 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 56 33 11 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 34 37 30 30
2022 British Columbia 55 6 39 15
2022 Alberta 40 19 41 10
2022 New Brunswick 24 52 25 10
2020 National Capital Region 46 24 30 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 44 38 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 30 60 10
2019 National Capital Region 40 25 35 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 25 46 25

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 9 10 61 7 4 9 95
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 29 49 12 9 0 10
2022 National Capital Region 10 17 50 3 17 3 90
2020 National Capital Region 5 20 64 4 6 1 90
2019 National Capital Region 7 15 54 5 15 4 65
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 89 195
2022 National Capital Region 6 94 195
2020 National Capital Region 11 89 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 100 25
2019 National Capital Region 15 85 155

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 34 66 20
2022 National Capital Region 50 50 15
2020 National Capital Region 24 76 20
2019 National Capital Region 48 52 25

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 82 18 20
2022 National Capital Region 70 30 15
2019 National Capital Region 74 26 25

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 16 84 15

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2022 National Capital Region 12 88 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2022 National Capital Region 6 94 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 42 58 20
2022 National Capital Region 34 66 15
2020 National Capital Region 28 72 20
2019 National Capital Region 40 60 25

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 49 51 20
2022 National Capital Region 25 75 15
2020 National Capital Region 49 51 20
2019 National Capital Region 36 64 25

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 35 65 20
2022 National Capital Region 45 55 15
2020 National Capital Region 54 46 20
2019 National Capital Region 50 50 25

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 74 26 20
2022 National Capital Region 46 54 15
2020 National Capital Region 44 56 20
2019 National Capital Region 43 57 25

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 39 61 20
2022 National Capital Region 23 77 15
2020 National Capital Region 40 60 20
2019 National Capital Region 22 78 25

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 67 33 20
2022 National Capital Region 88 12 15
2020 National Capital Region 32 68 20
2019 National Capital Region 50 50 25

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 39 61 20
2022 National Capital Region 34 66 15
2019 National Capital Region 23 77 25

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 22 78 20
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 15
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 20

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 60 40 20
2022 National Capital Region 60 40 15
2020 National Capital Region 53 47 20
2019 National Capital Region 31 69 25

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 25 75 20
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 15
2019 National Capital Region 21 79 25

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 77 20
2022 National Capital Region 6 94 15

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 64 36 20
2022 National Capital Region 51 49 15
2020 National Capital Region 42 58 20
2019 National Capital Region 54 46 25

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 43 57 20
2022 National Capital Region 31 69 15
2020 National Capital Region 38 62 20
2019 National Capital Region 20 80 25

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 22 78 15
2019 National Capital Region 22 78 25

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 40 60 20
2022 National Capital Region 6 94 15

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 15

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 12 88 15

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2020 National Capital Region 24 76 20

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 26 74 20
2022 National Capital Region 31 69 15
2020 National Capital Region 30 70 20
2019 National Capital Region 26 74 25

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 25 75 10

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 10
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 64 20
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10
2019 National Capital Region 21 79 25

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 17 83 10
2019 National Capital Region 26 74 25

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 8 92 10

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 27 73 10

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 64 20
2022 National Capital Region 16 84 10
2019 National Capital Region 32 68 25

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 40 60 20
2022 National Capital Region 53 47 10
2019 National Capital Region 40 60 25

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 0 100 10
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 51 49 20
2022 National Capital Region 36 64 10
2019 National Capital Region 61 39 25

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 National Capital Region 14 86 10
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 25

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 9 12 7 9 40 12 43 33 195
2022 National Capital Region 14 7 12 4 2 45 17 53 15 195
2022 Alberta 0 7 21 8 0 52 12 19 24 10
2020 National Capital Region 12 14 16 7 2 40 8 52 17 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 12 0 19 4 0 46 20 34 10 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 10 20 0 0 40 10 60 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 9 14 23 10 9 29 6 35 29 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 12 12 29 4 4 21 17 40 14 25

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 25 29 15 8 8 12 2 64 19 195
2022 National Capital Region 38 28 10 4 1 17 1 81 7 195
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 33 49 9 3 6 0 0 82 9 30
2022 British Columbia 49 28 0 0 0 23 0 100 0 15
2020 National Capital Region 27 28 19 10 2 13 2 64 14 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 36 12 3 0 7 4 83 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 40 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 25 32 18 8 7 11 0 64 16 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 17 13 12 4 13 0 66 19 25
Top of page

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered. 

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 10 90 195
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 100 30
2022 National Capital Region 3 97 195
2022 New Brunswick 0 100 10
2020 National Capital Region 7 93 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 100 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 100 10
2019 National Capital Region 8 92 155

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 37 63 15

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 90 10 20

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 25 75 20
2020 National Capital Region 55 45 15
2019 National Capital Region 52 48 10

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 29 71 20

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 40 60 15

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 77 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 64 20

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 43 57 20

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 55 45 20

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 39 61 20

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 24 76 20

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 61 39 15
2019 National Capital Region 46 54 10

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 26 74 20

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 47 53 20
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 54 46 20
2020 National Capital Region 46 54 15

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 0 100 20
2020 National Capital Region 0 100 15
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 65 35 20

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 National Capital Region 0 100 10

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 13 7 15 5 6 46 9 44 24 195
2022 National Capital Region 17 12 12 1 1 44 12 66 6 195
2020 National Capital Region 16 16 16 4 2 40 6 60 11 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 3 15 3 0 48 15 50 9 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 0 10 0 0 50 10 75 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 12 11 27 4 3 36 7 40 12 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 8 25 0 9 21 17 45 14 25

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 28 33 14 3 5 13 4 73 10 195
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 39 20 4 0 17 5 69 5 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 34 10 2 0 11 3 85 3 195
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 55 9 0 3 0 3 87 3 30
2022 British Columbia 55 22 13 0 0 5 5 86 0 15
2022 Alberta 38 28 8 7 0 19 0 82 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 33 30 20 5 1 11 1 71 7 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 36 8 3 0 11 0 88 4 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 37 23 17 7 3 13 0 69 11 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 12 17 0 9 22 0 66 11 25
Top of page

Stress and Well-Being

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 36 27 15 10 9 1 3 37 63 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 14 29 36 14 7 0 0 14 86 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 36 7 3 11 0 0 43 57 30
2022 National Capital Region 32 22 20 12 12 0 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 21 36 32 0 11 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 35 24 19 12 3 0 7 30
2022 British Columbia 0 45 26 24 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 13 41 7 7 32 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 35 22 9 0 33 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 37 25 19 13 6 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 14 11 15 0 3 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 30 30 10 10 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 31 27 23 10 8 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 34 28 20 0 17 0 0 25

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 12 23 30 18 16 1 1 12 88 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 15 54 13 8 10 0 0 15 85 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 10 20 30 15 26 0 0 10 90 30
2022 National Capital Region 14 22 29 17 17 0 0 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 35 34 18 13 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 18 8 31 16 26 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 18 28 17 32 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 6 27 15 28 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 0 55 26 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 11 20 29 18 22 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 22 28 20 15 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 10 50 30 0 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 17 28 24 23 8 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 15 42 0 0 0 0 25

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 15 29 24 13 18 1 1 15 85 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 37 32 21 0 10 0 0 37 63 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 14 30 22 14 0 0 20 80 30
2022 National Capital Region 16 19 29 14 21 1 0 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 48 23 15 13 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 21 9 25 15 30 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 13 33 25 6 24 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 12 0 0 63 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 22 15 35 9 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 13 21 28 12 25 1 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 19 19 22 15 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 20 60 0 10 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 19 28 24 18 11 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 55 21 12 9 4 0 0 25

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 14 21 22 18 23 1 1 15 85 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 13 32 14 22 19 0 0 13 87 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 6 27 23 15 26 4 0 6 94 30
2022 National Capital Region 22 18 27 13 18 1 0 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 25 12 17 15 31 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 25 13 10 33 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 41 22 32 0 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 12 15 13 6 35 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 31 17 25 8 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 15 20 22 22 22 1 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 16 36 22 12 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 50 10 20 0 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 19 21 26 22 11 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 25 21 8 4 0 0 25

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 37 32 12 5 8 0 7 40 60 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 63 27 0 5 6 0 0 63 37 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 27 7 4 7 0 16 47 53 30
2022 National Capital Region 32 28 15 9 9 0 6 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 25 37 25 0 13 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 39 26 16 6 13 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 46 24 20 11 0 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 31 13 8 7 13 19 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 39 15 27 0 0 0 19 10
2020 National Capital Region 26 21 27 11 14 0 2 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 16 21 4 8 0 7 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 10 0 0 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 36 32 13 10 7 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 70 17 4 4 5 0 0 25

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 24 24 26 12 13 0 1 24 76 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 37 6 10 16 0 0 31 69 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 55 23 7 0 15 0 0 55 45 30
2022 National Capital Region 31 23 22 15 8 1 1 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 14 11 50 19 7 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 28 29 20 3 13 0 6 30
2022 British Columbia 41 10 29 14 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 13 40 20 7 20 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 23 30 15 14 18 0 1 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 33 18 22 11 15 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 30 10 10 10 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 33 33 19 8 7 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 46 21 29 0 4 0 0 25

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 35 18 13 9 1 2 23 77 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 16 14 29 33 8 0 0 16 84 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 30 31 7 10 0 0 22 78 30
2022 National Capital Region 29 32 22 8 6 1 1 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 18 55 13 7 7 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 37 14 13 13 3 0 30
2022 British Columbia 15 48 32 5 0 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 43 13 21 7 16 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 33 8 8 9 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 19 34 22 18 6 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 33 23 18 4 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 20 10 10 0 10 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 26 33 25 9 6 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 13 27 3 9 0 0 25

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 14 30 28 15 12 0 1 15 85 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 23 20 30 12 16 0 0 23 77 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 10 26 35 15 13 0 0 10 90 30
2022 National Capital Region 25 25 22 15 12 0 1 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 6 41 25 28 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 15 16 25 18 26 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 13 62 6 5 14 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 20 15 13 7 27 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 33 8 42 17 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 12 25 26 20 16 1 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 18 26 23 4 4 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 30 41 10 0 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 25 29 22 16 8 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 13 26 8 9 0 0 25

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 27 29 15 16 12 0 1 27 73 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 23 30 19 12 16 0 0 23 77 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 45 11 8 9 0 0 26 74 30
2022 National Capital Region 31 24 21 12 12 1 0 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 14 47 32 7 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 23 42 3 15 16 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 16 16 49 0 19 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 59 8 15 13 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 28 56 9 0 8 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 19 27 27 16 12 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 23 25 19 4 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 30 20 0 20 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 24 30 21 11 14 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 31 18 8 14 0 0 25

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 42 28 13 5 10 1 1 43 57 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 21 19 11 0 0 0 48 52 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 51 14 24 12 0 0 0 51 49 30
2022 National Capital Region 49 28 9 7 7 0 1 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 23 65 0 11 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 32 13 10 3 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 59 23 18 0 0 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 67 7 12 0 14 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 0 0 0 8 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 39 29 16 10 7 1 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 63 12 15 10 0 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 51 40 0 0 0 10 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 44 27 13 10 6 0 1 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 18 13 9 5 0 0 25

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 54 25 7 8 3 1 3 55 45 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 34 38 22 6 0 0 0 34 66 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 38 20 0 11 0 0 31 69 30
2022 National Capital Region 47 29 13 4 5 0 2 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 63 25 0 12 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 41 23 19 12 5 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 46 16 13 25 0 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 39 21 40 0 0 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 75 18 8 0 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 25 34 22 13 6 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 11 19 14 0 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 0 59 20 10 0 0 10

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 34 29 21 10 5 0 1 35 65 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 21 17 8 6 0 0 48 52 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 16 31 21 14 18 0 0 16 84 30
2022 National Capital Region 40 27 18 8 4 2 1 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 19 28 27 19 7 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 22 26 22 15 14 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 6 46 29 0 19 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 0 38 41 15 0 6 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 51 8 26 8 8 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 33 32 21 8 6 0 0 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 37 27 14 19 4 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 20 40 20 10 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 37 38 16 5 5 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 30 12 9 5 0 0 25

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 41 21 11 7 15 1 5 43 57 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 78 13 0 0 8 0 0 78 22 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 68 6 8 4 7 0 7 74 26 30
2022 National Capital Region 56 24 7 3 5 0 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 52 35 0 0 12 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 15 6 3 0 0 7 30
2022 British Columbia 53 23 6 13 0 0 5 15
2022 Alberta 59 21 19 0 0 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 67 15 9 0 0 0 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 47 26 16 6 3 1 2 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 26 10 4 4 0 0 25
2019 National Capital Region 55 25 9 5 6 0 0 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 17 9 5 9 0 0 25

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 48 30 14 3 4 1 1 49 51 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 64 29 0 7 0 0 0 64 36 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 56 35 7 3 0 0 0 56 44 30
2022 National Capital Region 60 27 7 5 0 0 0 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 32 56 12 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 47 29 15 7 3 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 61 29 5 5 0 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 12 48 15 6 0 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 53 39 0 8 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 35 37 19 5 3 0 0 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 34 15 4 0 0 0 25

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 65 12 3 1 4 0 15 77 23 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 76 13 7 5 0 0 0 76 24 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 79 14 0 0 0 0 7 85 15 30

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 60 13 6 3 5 0 13 69 31 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 82 13 0 5 0 0 0 82 18 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 82 11 0 0 4 0 4 85 15 30

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 69 11 3 3 5 1 8 76 24 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 70 18 6 7 0 0 0 70 30 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 74 14 0 0 4 0 8 81 19 30
2022 National Capital Region 81 6 3 2 1 1 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 48 11 29 0 0 0 12 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 85 7 0 0 6 0 3 30
2022 British Columbia 76 19 0 0 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 73 0 8 0 0 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 76 8 0 0 0 0 16 10
2020 National Capital Region 75 11 2 5 3 0 4 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 92 4 4 0 0 0 0 25
2019 National Capital Region 65 16 8 1 4 1 4 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 87 0 0 4 9 0 0 25

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 56 27 7 1 4 0 4 59 41 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 57 31 12 0 0 0 0 57 43 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 62 21 10 7 0 0 0 62 38 30
2022 National Capital Region 68 22 5 1 0 0 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 56 20 7 18 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 68 20 3 0 6 0 3 30
2022 British Columbia 83 12 0 0 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 78 16 6 0 0 0 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 66 34 0 0 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 71 20 5 1 2 0 2 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 81 11 8 0 0 0 0 25
2019 National Capital Region 60 23 13 1 1 0 3 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 83 4 4 4 4 0 0 25

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 52 20 11 4 8 1 3 55 45 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 71 6 7 16 0 0 0 71 29 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 17 10 4 0 0 0 69 31 30
2022 National Capital Region 67 15 7 5 4 0 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 31 19 32 18 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 73 9 3 3 9 0 3 30
2022 British Columbia 82 0 13 0 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 80 14 6 0 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 63 16 8 7 6 0 1 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 70 15 4 8 3 0 0 25
2019 National Capital Region 63 14 9 7 4 0 3 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 13 8 4 9 0 0 25

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 58 11 5 1 1 0 22 75 25 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 76 6 0 0 0 0 19 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 72 3 6 0 0 0 18 89 11 30
2022 National Capital Region 67 12 4 0 1 0 16 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 59 0 0 0 0 0 41 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 66 14 0 3 3 0 15 30
2022 British Columbia 77 6 0 0 5 0 13 15
2022 Alberta 34 8 0 0 0 0 58 10
2022 New Brunswick 51 0 9 0 0 0 39 10
2020 National Capital Region 62 10 4 3 0 0 20 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 70 4 0 0 0 0 26 25
2019 National Capital Region 61 13 4 1 0 0 21 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 71 7 4 0 4 0 13 25

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 70 18 3 1 1 0 7 75 25 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 82 18 0 0 0 0 0 82 18 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 87 13 0 0 0 0 0 87 13 30
2022 National Capital Region 76 12 4 1 0 0 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 52 24 7 0 0 0 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 69 10 6 3 3 0 9 30
2022 British Columbia 71 12 0 0 5 0 13 15
2022 Alberta 54 21 0 0 6 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 85 15 0 0 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 77 12 6 1 1 0 3 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 81 15 0 4 0 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 20 0 0 0 10 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 74 14 4 1 1 0 6 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 83 9 0 4 4 0 0 25

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 42 26 11 10 6 1 4 44 56 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 27 26 7 8 32 0 0 27 73 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 44 18 17 11 10 0 0 44 56 30
2022 National Capital Region 75 10 4 4 3 0 4 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 32 0 13 0 55 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 65 15 6 0 14 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 33 25 13 0 29 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 36 7 12 13 12 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 85 0 0 8 8 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 71 10 8 5 4 0 2 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 63 11 11 8 4 3 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 20 30 0 10 0 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 69 15 5 3 3 0 5 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 71 13 0 3 13 0 0 25

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 43 31 18 3 1 0 3 44 56 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 61 19 13 0 7 0 0 61 39 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 45 26 22 3 0 0 3 47 53 30
2022 National Capital Region 48 22 18 5 3 1 3 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 29 46 12 12 0 0 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 23 45 25 3 3 0 0 30
2022 British Columbia 31 46 13 6 5 0 0 15
2022 Alberta 41 15 13 12 0 19 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 42 58 0 0 0 0 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 47 26 18 6 1 0 3 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 26 14 4 8 0 0 25
2020 New Brunswick 20 30 50 0 0 0 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 59 18 15 5 1 0 2 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 62 16 17 4 0 0 0 25

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 4 26 40 22 9 0 0 30 31 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 8 39 21 20 12 0 0 47 33 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 3 29 41 17 11 0 0 32 27 30
2022 National Capital Region 9 24 45 16 7 0 0 32 23 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 32 25 37 7 0 0 32 43 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 20 57 16 7 0 0 20 23 30
2022 British Columbia 0 47 22 32 0 0 0 47 32 15
2022 Alberta 6 19 36 14 6 19 0 31 25 10
2022 New Brunswick 19 47 25 9 0 0 0 66 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 9 24 33 24 10 0 0 33 34 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 14 26 36 16 8 0 0 41 23 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 50 40 10 0 0 0 50 10 10
2019 National Capital Region 13 34 34 16 3 0 0 47 19 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 33 25 4 4 0 4 65 9 25

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 17 26 37 16 4 0 0 20 43 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 31 41 20 8 0 0 28 31 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 11 14 60 12 3 0 0 16 25 30
2022 National Capital Region 11 22 39 20 9 0 0 29 33 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 19 30 40 11 0 0 0 11 49 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 7 22 51 10 10 0 0 20 29 30
2022 British Columbia 5 32 16 34 13 0 0 47 38 15
2022 Alberta 12 7 75 0 6 0 0 6 19 10
2022 New Brunswick 0 0 57 24 19 0 0 43 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 16 26 29 23 6 0 0 29 42 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 8 19 36 30 7 0 0 37 27 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 20 70 10 0 0 0 10 20 10
2019 National Capital Region 11 24 29 22 13 0 0 36 35 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 4 13 24 37 21 0 0 58 17 25

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 27 36 13 16 6 2 0 64 23 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 28 42 8 22 0 0 0 70 22 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 19 31 18 21 7 0 5 52 29 30
2022 National Capital Region 29 42 11 11 5 2 0 72 17 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 70 17 13 0 0 0 70 13 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 30 34 23 9 0 3 0 67 10 30
2022 British Columbia 50 38 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 54 0 14 6 19 0 75 25 10
2022 New Brunswick 51 41 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2020 National Capital Region 26 45 15 11 3 0 0 71 15 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 38 37 15 7 0 3 0 78 7 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 10 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 21 35 18 14 7 5 0 59 23 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 20 37 17 13 4 9 0 62 19 25

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 7 22 36 28 7 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 41 41 12 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 7 24 51 14 4 30
2022 National Capital Region 9 23 37 24 7 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 0 11 33 32 25 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 28 42 23 7 30
2022 British Columbia 6 37 29 29 0 15
2022 Alberta 6 20 49 26 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 36 22 34 8 0 10

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 56 24 7 5 5 1 1 81 11 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 65 28 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 62 20 11 7 0 0 0 82 7 30
2022 National Capital Region 59 25 10 3 2 1 0 85 5 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 51 20 11 18 0 0 0 71 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 34 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 30
2022 British Columbia 64 19 13 0 0 5 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 54 20 0 8 0 19 0 91 9 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 47 34 8 5 3 3 1 84 8 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 60 25 3 3 0 4 4 93 3 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 20 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 48 27 2 7 14 1 1 77 21 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 56 37 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 48 23 18 7 3 0 0 71 11 30
2022 National Capital Region 48 27 8 14 3 0 0 75 17 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 32 26 11 12 18 0 0 59 30 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 61 22 9 5 3 0 0 82 8 30
2022 British Columbia 59 11 18 13 0 0 0 70 13 15
2022 Alberta 67 0 0 33 0 0 0 67 33 10
2022 New Brunswick 85 15 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 37 34 12 11 4 1 1 72 16 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 50 33 4 12 0 0 0 84 12 25
2020 New Brunswick 40 20 30 10 0 0 0 60 10 10

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 58 25 2 6 8 0 1 84 14 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 71 23 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 58 31 7 0 3 0 0 90 3 30
2022 National Capital Region 53 33 5 8 1 0 0 86 10 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 39 31 12 18 0 0 0 70 18 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 70 24 3 0 3 0 0 94 3 30
2022 British Columbia 59 18 24 0 0 0 0 76 0 15
2022 Alberta 67 0 33 0 0 0 0 67 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 55 27 6 7 3 0 0 84 10 190
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 52 33 11 3 0 0 0 86 3 25
2020 New Brunswick 50 40 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 20 40 10 16 13 0 0 60 29 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 30 33 0 17 12 7 0 68 32 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 32 17 16 10 0 0 57 26 30
2022 National Capital Region 28 45 8 10 7 2 0 74 17 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 11 46 7 36 0 0 0 57 36 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 25 53 10 12 0 0 0 78 12 30
2022 British Columbia 34 53 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2022 Alberta 26 48 0 8 0 19 0 91 9 10
2022 New Brunswick 51 42 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 23 30 18 15 13 1 1 54 28 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 34 34 22 7 0 3 0 70 7 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 60 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 National Capital Region 16 33 21 18 10 2 0 50 28 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 21 28 38 4 4 4 0 51 9 25

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 11 56 17 10 5 1 0 67 16 65
2022 National Capital Region 21 53 10 12 3 1 0 76 15 70
2020 National Capital Region 19 40 15 19 6 0 0 59 26 65
2019 National Capital Region 28 43 12 12 2 0 2 73 15 40
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 23 77 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 39 61 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 4 96 30
2022 National Capital Region 9 91 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 22 78 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 13 87 30
2022 British Columbia 16 84 15
2022 Alberta 13 87 10
2022 New Brunswick 0 100 10
2020 National Capital Region 12 88 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 0 100 25
2020 New Brunswick 0 100 10
2019 National Capital Region 18 82 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 31 69 25

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 66 34 45
2022 National Capital Region 69 31 20
2020 National Capital Region 40 60 20

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 84 16 45
2022 National Capital Region 62 38 20
2020 National Capital Region 73 27 25
2019 National Capital Region 84 16 30

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 47 35 2 2 10 3 0 85 13 35
2022 National Capital Region 61 30 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2020 National Capital Region 59 29 6 5 0 0 0 89 5 15
2019 National Capital Region 51 30 10 4 5 0 0 81 9 20

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 45 33 5 5 9 1 2 81 15 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 62 21 0 11 0 0 6 88 12 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 52 30 3 4 4 4 4 89 8 30
2022 National Capital Region 50 33 6 3 1 2 5 89 4 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 26 61 6 0 0 7 0 94 0 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 57 27 6 0 0 7 3 93 0 30
2022 British Columbia 50 38 0 13 0 0 0 87 13 15
2022 Alberta 54 40 0 0 0 0 6 100 0 10
2022 New Brunswick 77 23 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 National Capital Region 58 25 7 3 2 3 2 88 5 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 42 33 7 4 3 7 4 84 8 25
2020 New Brunswick 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
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Compensation

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 27 60 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 47 34 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 29 57 30
2022 National Capital Region 37 51 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 38 62 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 52 30
2022 British Columbia 68 11 15
2022 Alberta 39 23 10
2022 New Brunswick 26 66 10
2020 National Capital Region 33 50 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 26 56 25
2020 New Brunswick 30 40 10

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 37 63 55
2022 National Capital Region 32 68 75
2020 National Capital Region 34 66 65

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 12 30 10 20 18 3 7 47 42 55
2022 National Capital Region 6 19 19 17 32 2 5 27 52 75
2020 National Capital Region 17 22 16 14 22 1 8 43 40 65

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 2 11 12 18 41 5 11 15 71 55
2022 National Capital Region 7 20 7 13 48 2 3 29 64 75
2020 National Capital Region 15 11 9 28 32 0 4 28 63 65

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 National Capital Region 41 19 11 7 6 1 16 49 51 195
2024 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 27 30 8 5 0 0 29 39 61 15
2024 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 43 7 10 8 7 0 25 58 42 30
2022 National Capital Region 33 18 15 6 6 3 19 195
2022 Ontario (excluding National Capital Region) 35 0 8 18 0 7 32 10
2022 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 40 33 3 3 3 3 15 30
2022 British Columbia 19 23 11 0 0 18 29 15
2022 Alberta 12 13 7 15 27 19 8 10
2022 New Brunswick 9 8 41 0 9 0 34 10
2020 National Capital Region 40 23 11 8 7 2 9 195
2020 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 49 7 11 4 0 3 25 25
2020 New Brunswick 10 30 0 20 10 0 30 10
2019 National Capital Region 38 20 16 10 7 1 9 155
2019 Quebec (excluding National Capital Region) 47 25 3 4 4 0 16 25
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