2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Parks Canada by Question 101. Please indicate your occupational group. If you are in an acting position, specify the group of the action position. Occupational group and level - ES

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 56 4 15 2 0 0 80 17 55
2020 ES-02 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 33 47 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 15
2020 ES-07 9 64 9 9 9 0 0 73 18 10

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 38 33 9 13 4 0 4 74 17 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 47 33 13 7 0 0 0 80 7 15
2020 ES-07 9 27 18 27 0 0 18 44 33 10
2019 ES 41 43 6 10 0 0 0 84 10 50
2019 ES-06 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 33 35 11 18 4 0 0 67 22 55
2020 ES-02 10 60 10 10 10 0 0 70 20 10
2020 ES-06 40 27 7 27 0 0 0 67 27 15
2020 ES-07 18 55 18 9 0 0 0 73 9 10
2019 ES 22 49 10 16 2 0 0 71 18 50
2019 ES-06 30 60 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 36 5 4 5 0 0 85 9 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 10 0 10 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 53 33 7 7 0 0 0 87 7 15
2020 ES-07 27 55 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2019 ES 47 39 8 4 2 0 0 86 6 50
2019 ES-06 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 24 9 9 9 0 0 73 18 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 10 20 10 0 0 60 30 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 0 7 7 0 0 87 13 15
2020 ES-07 18 36 27 18 0 0 0 55 18 10
2019 ES 35 37 12 8 6 2 0 73 15 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 38 44 5 7 5 0 0 82 13 55
2020 ES-02 50 30 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 10
2020 ES-06 27 47 13 7 7 0 0 73 13 15
2020 ES-07 45 45 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 ES 29 43 10 10 8 0 0 71 18 50
2019 ES-06 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 29 13 11 5 0 0 71 16 55
2020 ES-02 30 20 20 20 10 0 0 50 30 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 7 7 0 0 0 87 7 15
2020 ES-07 45 27 18 9 0 0 0 73 9 10
2019 ES 27 27 16 29 2 0 0 53 31 50
2019 ES-06 60 30 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 31 33 13 15 9 0 0 64 24 55
2020 ES-02 10 30 30 20 10 0 0 40 30 10
2020 ES-06 47 33 7 13 0 0 0 80 13 15
2020 ES-07 27 45 0 18 9 0 0 73 27 10
2019 ES 29 33 8 24 6 0 0 61 31 50
2019 ES-06 50 30 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 54 33 6 6 2 0 0 87 7 55
2020 ES-02 60 30 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2020 ES-06 57 21 14 7 0 0 0 79 7 15
2020 ES-07 55 36 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 ES 47 45 2 4 2 0 0 92 6 50
2019 ES-06 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 35 38 11 9 7 0 0 73 16 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 10 30 20 0 0 40 50 10
2020 ES-06 53 27 13 7 0 0 0 80 7 15
2020 ES-07 27 55 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2019 ES 22 45 12 14 6 0 0 67 20 50
2019 ES-06 30 50 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 31 15 4 2 0 0 80 5 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 40 13 7 0 0 0 80 7 15
2020 ES-07 55 36 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 ES 37 43 4 14 2 0 0 80 16 50
2019 ES-06 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 38 7 5 7 0 0 80 13 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 10 20 0 0 0 70 20 10
2020 ES-06 47 40 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 64 27 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2019 ES 31 41 10 8 8 2 0 73 17 50
2019 ES-06 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 47 33 7 4 9 0 0 80 13 55
2020 ES-02 50 20 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 53 33 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 55 36 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2019 ES 39 27 12 12 10 0 0 65 22 50
2019 ES-06 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 35 35 11 9 9 0 2 70 19 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 20 10 10 0 0 60 20 10
2020 ES-06 47 33 7 7 7 0 0 80 13 15
2020 ES-07 27 45 9 9 0 0 9 80 10 10
2019 ES 20 48 13 9 9 0 2 69 18 45

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 45 36 7 4 7 0 0 82 11 55
2020 ES-02 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2020 ES-06 53 20 13 0 13 0 0 73 13 15
2020 ES-07 36 55 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 ES 39 39 12 6 4 0 0 78 10 50
2019 ES-06 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 34 34 15 9 8 0 0 68 17 55
2020 ES-02 60 10 20 0 10 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 33 40 7 7 13 0 0 73 20 15
2019 ES 47 20 22 2 8 0 0 67 10 50
2019 ES-06 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 18 16 40 18 5 0 2 24 35 55
2020 ES-02 10 10 50 20 10 0 0 30 20 10
2020 ES-06 7 20 27 27 13 0 7 43 29 15
2020 ES-07 18 18 55 9 0 0 0 9 36 10
2019 ES 13 29 35 17 6 0 0 23 42 50

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 13 25 36 13 11 0 2 24 39 55
2020 ES-02 10 30 30 10 20 0 0 30 40 10
2020 ES-06 7 20 27 27 13 0 7 43 29 15
2020 ES-07 9 27 55 9 0 0 0 9 36 10
2019 ES 13 28 30 19 9 0 2 28 41 45

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 9 15 33 33 9 0 2 43 24 55
2020 ES-02 10 10 30 40 10 0 0 50 20 10
2020 ES-06 7 13 33 33 7 0 7 43 21 15
2020 ES-07 27 9 45 18 0 0 0 18 36 10
2019 ES 6 15 28 32 19 0 0 51 21 45

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 20 20 22 20 11 4 4 33 43 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 20 30 10 0 0 40 40 10
2020 ES-06 7 20 13 40 13 0 7 57 29 15
2020 ES-07 9 45 36 0 0 0 9 0 60 10
2019 ES 23 19 27 25 4 2 0 30 43 50

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 16 16 20 22 16 2 7 42 36 55
2020 ES-02 0 20 40 10 20 0 10 33 22 10
2020 ES-06 20 7 13 33 20 0 7 57 29 15
2020 ES-07 18 18 36 9 0 0 18 11 44 10
2019 ES 17 25 27 17 10 2 2 28 43 50

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 13 25 35 13 13 0 2 26 39 55
2020 ES-02 0 30 30 10 30 0 0 40 30 10
2020 ES-06 13 13 27 27 13 0 7 43 29 15
2020 ES-07 27 9 45 9 9 0 0 18 36 10
2019 ES 6 29 29 25 8 0 2 34 36 50

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 11 20 24 31 13 0 2 44 31 55
2020 ES-02 20 30 20 20 10 0 0 30 50 10
2020 ES-06 7 7 20 40 20 0 7 64 14 15
2020 ES-07 9 9 36 45 0 0 0 45 18 10
2019 ES 17 21 33 23 6 0 0 29 38 50
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My Work Unit

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 26 24 17 6 9 15 4 61 18 55
2020 ES-06 40 13 7 0 7 27 7 80 10 15
2020 ES-07 9 36 27 18 9 0 0 45 27 10
2019 ES 14 37 18 12 8 6 4 57 23 50
2019 ES-06 0 50 10 20 0 10 10 63 25 10

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 56 22 7 5 5 4 0 81 11 55
2020 ES-02 50 20 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 60 27 0 0 7 7 0 93 7 15
2020 ES-07 55 27 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2019 ES 42 31 6 10 8 2 0 74 19 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 56 29 9 2 4 0 0 85 5 55
2020 ES-02 60 10 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 60 27 7 0 7 0 0 87 7 15
2020 ES-07 45 45 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
2019 ES 45 43 6 4 2 0 0 88 6 50
2019 ES-06 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 56 22 15 5 2 0 0 78 7 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 60 20 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2020 ES-07 55 9 27 9 0 0 0 64 9 10
2019 ES 41 37 6 12 2 2 0 79 15 50
2019 ES-06 60 30 0 0 0 10 0 100 0 10
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 22 16 9 4 0 0 71 13 55
2020 ES-02 50 10 20 20 0 0 0 60 20 10
2020 ES-06 60 27 7 7 0 0 0 87 7 15
2020 ES-07 64 18 9 9 0 0 0 82 9 10
2019 ES 49 12 14 14 10 0 0 61 24 50
2019 ES-06 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 47 22 18 5 7 0 0 69 13 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 30 10 0 0 0 60 10 10
2020 ES-06 53 27 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2020 ES-07 73 9 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 10
2019 ES 31 29 12 12 16 0 0 59 29 50
2019 ES-06 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 22 15 4 7 4 0 74 11 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 20 10 0 10 0 67 11 10
2020 ES-06 73 7 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2020 ES-07 36 45 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 10

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 47 29 11 9 4 0 0 76 13 55
2020 ES-02 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 60 27 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 55 18 9 18 0 0 0 73 18 10
2019 ES 35 27 12 20 4 2 0 63 25 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 58 18 9 9 5 0 0 76 15 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 73 7 13 7 0 0 0 80 7 15
2020 ES-07 55 36 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2019 ES 41 22 12 16 8 0 0 63 24 50
2019 ES-06 60 30 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2019 ES 84 8 2 2 4 0 0 92 6 50
2019 ES-06 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
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Senior Management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 38 15 9 0 15 0 72 11 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 20 0 0 20 0 75 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 40 7 0 0 20 0 92 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 45 18 27 0 0 0 55 27 10
2019 ES 29 41 14 8 6 2 0 71 15 50
2019 ES-06 30 40 10 10 10 0 0 70 20 10

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 22 33 27 13 4 2 0 56 17 55
2020 ES-02 40 30 20 0 0 10 0 78 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 20 33 7 0 0 0 60 7 15
2020 ES-07 9 36 27 18 9 0 0 45 27 10
2019 ES 20 35 12 22 8 2 0 56 31 50
2019 ES-06 10 40 20 20 10 0 0 50 30 10

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 15 17 30 26 6 7 0 34 34 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 30 20 0 10 0 44 22 10
2020 ES-06 29 21 29 14 0 7 0 54 15 15
2020 ES-07 9 18 27 45 0 0 0 27 45 10
2019 ES 12 24 20 24 16 2 0 38 42 50
2019 ES-06 20 30 30 0 20 0 0 50 20 10

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 15 25 22 27 7 4 0 42 36 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 20 40 0 0 0 40 40 10
2020 ES-06 13 53 20 7 0 7 0 71 7 15
2020 ES-07 18 9 18 36 9 9 0 30 50 10
2019 ES 10 24 24 29 12 0 0 35 41 50
2019 ES-06 10 40 20 20 10 0 0 50 30 10

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 40 35 18 0 4 4 0 77 4 55
2020 ES-02 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 70 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 53 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 55 27 0 9 0 0 64 9 10
2019 ES 37 35 16 6 2 4 0 74 9 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 31 45 13 7 4 0 0 76 11 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 40 0 0 0 0 60 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 27 18 36 0 0 0 45 36 10
2019 ES 20 37 22 16 2 2 0 58 19 50
2019 ES-06 20 40 20 20 0 0 0 60 20 10

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 11 27 22 27 5 7 0 41 35 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 30 0 10 0 0 60 10 10
2020 ES-06 13 33 27 20 0 7 0 50 21 15
2020 ES-07 0 18 18 64 0 0 0 18 64 10
2019 ES 6 22 20 41 6 4 0 30 49 50
2019 ES-06 10 10 30 40 10 0 0 20 50 10

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 35 31 16 9 2 7 0 71 12 55
2020 ES-02 40 30 10 10 10 0 0 70 20 10
2020 ES-06 47 13 13 13 0 13 0 69 15 15
2020 ES-07 27 45 18 9 0 0 0 73 9 10
2019 ES 24 39 6 18 6 6 0 67 26 50
2019 ES-06 30 40 10 10 0 10 0 78 11 10

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 20 33 36 9 0 2 0 54 9 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 33 20 40 0 0 7 0 57 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 27 45 27 0 0 0 27 27 10
2019 ES 14 43 27 10 4 2 0 58 15 50
2019 ES-06 20 60 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 15 22 24 18 9 11 2 42 31 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 30 20 10 0 0 40 30 10
2020 ES-06 13 33 13 13 7 20 0 58 25 15
2020 ES-07 9 9 45 27 9 0 0 18 36 10
2019 ES 22 22 20 16 12 2 4 48 30 50
2019 ES-06 30 30 10 10 0 10 10 75 13 10

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 18 25 15 25 9 7 0 47 37 55
2020 ES-02 30 10 20 40 0 0 0 40 40 10
2020 ES-06 20 40 13 13 7 7 0 64 21 15
2020 ES-07 9 18 27 45 0 0 0 27 45 10
2019 ES 12 31 12 22 22 0 0 43 45 50
2019 ES-06 30 50 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 10

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 51 27 15 0 5 0 2 55
2020 ES-02 70 20 0 0 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 33 20 0 7 0 7 15
2020 ES-07 45 27 27 0 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 55 29 14 0 2 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 60 10 30 0 0 0 0 10

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 76 7 4 0 2 5 5 55
2020 ES-02 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 67 13 0 0 0 13 7 15
2020 ES-07 64 0 18 0 0 0 18 10
2019 ES 75 4 6 0 4 10 0 50
2019 ES-06 80 0 20 0 0 0 0 10

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 13 22 18 31 9 5 2 37 43 55
2020 ES-02 10 20 0 40 20 0 10 33 67 10
2020 ES-06 13 27 33 13 7 7 0 43 21 15
2020 ES-07 0 9 27 64 0 0 0 9 64 10
2019 ES 16 20 12 20 29 2 0 38 50 50
2019 ES-06 10 30 10 30 20 0 0 40 50 10

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 22 49 16 9 2 2 0 72 11 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 20 67 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 36 36 9 0 0 0 55 9 10
2019 ES 14 55 10 16 4 0 0 69 20 50
2019 ES-06 30 60 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 27 53 15 2 2 2 0 81 4 55
2020 ES-02 40 40 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2020 ES-06 20 73 0 0 0 7 0 100 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 45 27 9 0 0 0 64 9 10
2019 ES 24 47 14 8 2 4 0 74 11 50
2019 ES-06 50 30 10 0 0 10 0 89 0 10

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 27 36 22 13 0 2 0 65 13 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 20 20 0 0 0 60 20 10
2020 ES-06 27 40 13 20 0 0 0 67 20 15
2020 ES-07 27 27 36 9 0 0 0 55 9 10
2019 ES 32 40 17 0 4 6 0 77 5 45

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 20 36 24 7 7 5 0 60 15 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 30 10 0 0 0 60 10 10
2020 ES-06 20 40 13 7 7 13 0 69 15 15
2020 ES-07 9 36 36 18 0 0 0 45 18 10

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 36 11 4 2 4 2 83 6 55
2020 ES-02 70 10 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 47 7 0 0 7 7 92 0 15
2020 ES-07 27 36 18 18 0 0 0 64 18 10

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 45 38 11 4 2 0 0 84 5 55
2020 ES-02 40 50 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 64 18 9 0 0 0 73 9 10
2019 ES 45 35 6 10 2 2 0 81 13 50
2019 ES-06 50 40 0 0 0 10 0 100 0 10

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 29 42 22 5 2 0 0 71 7 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 20 10 0 0 0 70 10 10
2020 ES-06 47 20 27 7 0 0 0 67 7 15
2020 ES-07 0 64 36 0 0 0 0 64 0 10
2019 ES 37 37 6 14 6 0 0 73 20 50
2019 ES-06 60 30 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 26 46 15 11 2 0 0 72 13 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 10 30 0 0 0 60 30 10
2020 ES-06 43 29 14 14 0 0 0 71 14 15
2020 ES-07 0 64 36 0 0 0 0 64 0 10
2019 ES 31 41 6 16 6 0 0 71 22 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
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Mobility and Retention

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 20 18 13 7 0 0 62 20 55
2020 ES-02 50 0 10 40 0 0 0 50 40 10
2020 ES-06 60 0 20 7 13 0 0 60 20 15
2020 ES-07 9 55 36 0 0 0 0 64 0 10
2019 ES 29 37 10 12 8 4 0 68 21 50
2019 ES-06 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 31 20 49 55
2020 ES-02 10 10 80 10
2020 ES-06 20 33 47 15
2020 ES-07 55 9 36 10
2019 ES 31 35 35 50
2019 ES-06 40 30 30 10

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 35 35 6 0 0 15
2019 ES 0 33 53 0 13 0 15
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 13 87 55
2020 ES-06 0 100 15
2019 ES 10 90 50

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 7 13 20 7 4 42 7 39 21 55
2020 ES-02 10 10 20 0 0 50 10 50 0 10
2020 ES-06 7 13 20 0 0 53 7 50 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 18 27 27 9 18 0 22 44 10
2019 ES 12 16 20 10 4 29 8 45 23 50
2019 ES-06 0 20 30 10 0 20 20 33 17 10

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 16 36 25 4 4 15 0 62 9 55
2020 ES-02 10 50 30 0 0 10 0 67 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 33 20 0 0 13 0 77 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 36 27 18 9 9 0 40 30 10
2019 ES 22 33 18 12 2 10 2 63 16 50
2019 ES-06 10 50 20 10 0 0 10 67 11 10
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Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered. 

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 16 11 20 7 2 40 4 48 16 55
2020 ES-02 30 0 10 10 0 50 0 60 20 10
2020 ES-06 20 7 27 0 0 47 0 50 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 18 36 18 0 27 0 25 25 10
2019 ES 14 14 24 4 4 29 10 47 13 50
2019 ES-06 0 30 20 0 10 20 20 50 17 10

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 26 28 26 6 4 11 0 60 10 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 20 10 0 10 0 67 11 10
2020 ES-06 36 29 21 0 0 14 0 75 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 27 36 9 9 9 0 40 20 10
2019 ES 27 29 27 4 2 8 4 63 7 50
2019 ES-06 10 60 20 0 0 0 10 78 0 10
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Stress and Well-Being

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 22 31 20 18 9 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 30 20 20 20 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 27 33 7 20 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 36 18 27 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 8 41 22 18 10 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 10 40 20 30 0 0 0 10

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 20 24 24 16 16 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 50 0 10 30 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 13 33 27 13 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 9 45 9 36 0 0 10
2019 ES 18 29 27 14 12 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 20 20 40 10 10 0 0 10

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 29 27 22 5 15 0 2 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 20 20 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 27 13 7 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 27 36 0 36 0 0 10
2019 ES 29 41 18 6 6 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 20 50 10 10 10 0 0 10

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 15 22 25 18 18 2 0 55
2020 ES-02 20 30 20 10 20 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 7 40 33 7 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 0 45 45 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 12 27 24 12 24 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 0 50 30 10 10 0 0 10

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 49 18 18 5 7 0 2 55
2020 ES-02 70 10 20 0 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 53 13 20 0 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 18 45 18 18 0 0 10
2019 ES 45 33 10 12 0 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 50 30 0 20 0 0 0 10

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 20 36 18 18 5 0 2 55
2020 ES-02 20 50 10 10 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 20 40 20 13 7 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 18 27 36 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 31 39 14 10 6 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 50 10 20 20 0 0 0 10

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 38 24 7 5 2 0 55
2020 ES-02 30 40 10 20 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 33 13 0 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 27 55 0 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 20 37 22 12 8 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 30 50 10 10 0 0 0 10

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 25 27 13 11 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 20 40 20 20 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 40 20 20 7 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 0 36 36 18 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 12 35 27 14 12 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 20 30 20 20 10 0 0 10

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 22 31 24 15 9 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 30 20 30 20 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 27 40 20 7 7 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 45 9 27 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 16 27 29 24 4 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 20 40 20 20 0 0 0 10

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 44 31 13 5 5 2 0 55
2020 ES-02 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 73 20 0 0 0 7 0 15
2020 ES-07 27 55 0 9 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 29 35 17 13 6 0 0 50

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 16 31 27 20 5 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 50 30 0 20 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 7 33 40 20 0 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 18 45 18 0 0 0 10

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 24 31 29 9 7 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 20 40 27 7 7 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 18 45 9 9 0 0 10
2019 ES 41 29 22 4 4 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 10

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 51 25 16 7 0 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 70 20 10 0 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 7 7 0 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 36 9 55 0 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 68 19 9 2 2 0 0 45
2019 ES-06 90 0 10 0 0 0 0 10

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 27 38 20 9 5 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 30 50 0 10 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 40 20 7 0 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 9 55 27 9 0 0 0 10

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 76 9 5 4 2 2 2 55
2020 ES-02 80 10 0 10 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 80 13 0 0 0 7 0 15
2020 ES-07 64 9 27 0 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 78 8 6 0 6 0 2 50
2019 ES-06 60 20 10 0 10 0 0 10

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 62 22 5 7 0 2 2 55
2020 ES-02 80 0 0 10 0 0 10 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 0 7 0 7 0 15
2020 ES-07 45 27 18 9 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 51 39 6 2 2 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 40 50 10 0 0 0 0 10

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 65 16 5 5 4 2 2 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 0 10 0 0 10 10
2020 ES-06 87 7 0 0 0 7 0 15
2020 ES-07 73 9 0 18 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 55 24 6 8 6 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 60 10 10 10 10 0 0 10

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 67 5 4 2 0 2 20 55
2020 ES-02 80 0 0 0 0 0 20 10
2020 ES-06 80 0 0 0 0 7 13 15
2020 ES-07 73 18 0 9 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 55 6 8 2 0 0 29 50
2019 ES-06 70 10 0 0 0 0 20 10

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 73 18 5 0 0 0 4 55
2020 ES-02 70 10 10 0 0 0 10 10
2020 ES-06 87 13 0 0 0 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 64 18 9 0 0 0 9 10
2019 ES 77 10 8 0 0 0 4 50

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 55 22 13 4 7 0 0 55
2020 ES-02 50 10 30 0 10 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 53 40 7 0 0 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 82 0 9 9 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 43 24 10 4 18 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 30 50 10 10 0 0 0 10

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 38 38 9 7 4 4 0 55
2020 ES-02 60 30 0 10 0 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 13 40 20 13 7 7 0 15
2020 ES-07 27 55 9 9 0 0 0 10
2019 ES 57 31 6 6 0 0 0 50
2019 ES-06 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 10

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 7 33 40 15 5 0 0 40 20 55
2020 ES-02 10 50 20 10 10 0 0 60 20 10
2020 ES-06 7 33 47 7 7 0 0 40 13 15
2020 ES-07 0 9 55 36 0 0 0 9 36 10
2019 ES 10 31 39 12 8 0 0 41 20 50
2019 ES-06 10 40 40 10 0 0 0 50 10 10

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 13 20 40 24 4 0 0 27 33 55
2020 ES-02 20 10 20 40 10 0 0 50 30 10
2020 ES-06 13 20 40 27 0 0 0 27 33 15
2020 ES-07 9 27 64 0 0 0 0 0 36 10
2019 ES 14 12 35 31 8 0 0 39 27 50
2019 ES-06 10 10 30 30 20 0 0 50 20 10

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 29 35 20 13 4 0 0 64 16 55
2020 ES-02 40 20 30 0 10 0 0 60 10 10
2020 ES-06 33 33 27 7 0 0 0 67 7 15
2020 ES-07 9 45 18 27 0 0 0 55 27 10
2019 ES 24 47 8 12 4 4 0 74 17 50
2019 ES-06 30 60 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 10

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 51 29 13 0 5 2 0 81 6 55
2020 ES-02 70 10 10 0 0 10 0 89 0 10
2020 ES-06 67 20 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 ES-07 45 36 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 10

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 25 15 13 5 0 0 67 18 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 10
2020 ES-06 53 20 13 13 0 0 0 73 13 15
2020 ES-07 36 36 18 9 0 0 0 73 9 10

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 55 20 16 7 0 0 2 76 7 55
2020 ES-02 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2020 ES-06 60 7 20 13 0 0 0 67 13 15
2020 ES-07 55 9 27 0 0 0 9 70 0 10

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 36 18 35 7 4 0 0 55 11 55
2020 ES-02 30 20 40 0 10 0 0 50 10 10
2020 ES-06 53 20 27 0 0 0 0 73 0 15
2020 ES-07 18 18 55 9 0 0 0 36 9 10
2019 ES 14 37 27 16 6 0 0 51 22 50
2019 ES-06 10 60 0 20 10 0 0 70 30 10

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 17 44 17 17 0 0 6 65 18 20
2020 ES-07 9 45 9 27 0 0 9 60 30 10
2019 ES 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 4 96 55
2020 ES-02 0 100 10
2020 ES-06 7 93 15
2020 ES-07 0 100 10
2019 ES 12 88 50
2019 ES-06 30 70 10

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 53 27 13 4 0 2 2 83 4 55
2020 ES-02 60 20 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2020 ES-06 60 13 20 0 0 7 0 79 0 15
2020 ES-07 45 45 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 10
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Compensation

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 47 31 55
2020 ES-02 40 30 10
2020 ES-06 33 40 15
2020 ES-07 82 9 10

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 27 73 25

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 8 27 15 12 27 8 4 39 43 25

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 4 31 8 31 19 4 4 38 54 25

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 ES 42 15 16 9 11 2 5 55
2020 ES-02 30 30 10 10 20 0 0 10
2020 ES-06 33 20 20 13 13 0 0 15
2020 ES-07 27 0 18 18 18 0 18 10
2019 ES 33 15 23 13 10 2 4 50
2019 ES-06 40 20 30 0 10 0 0 10
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