2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Impact Assessment Agency of Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 38 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 47 3 7 1 0 0 89 9 375
2022 Indigenous 32 35 0 25 8 0 0 67 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 40 3 8 2 0 0 88 10 290
2020 Indigenous 32 37 7 24 0 0 0 69 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 48 4 10 2 0 0 83 12 375

Question 2. During meetings in my work unit, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 86 7 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 68 18 4 6 3 0 1 87 9 375

Question 3. When I prepare written materials, including emails, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 85 7 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 61 22 5 8 2 0 1 84 11 375

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 44 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 36 7 12 5 0 1 76 17 375
2022 Indigenous 49 34 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 32 6 6 3 0 1 85 9 290
2020 Indigenous 16 38 30 16 0 0 0 54 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 45 9 13 4 0 0 74 17 375
2019 Indigenous 39 28 0 19 13 0 0 67 33 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 31 5 11 4 0 0 81 14 335

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 43 0 33 0 0 0 67 33 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 37 11 13 3 0 0 73 16 375
2022 Indigenous 30 34 8 11 17 0 0 64 28 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 40 11 7 3 0 0 78 10 290
2020 Indigenous 18 58 16 8 0 0 0 76 8 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 35 12 11 2 0 1 75 13 370
2019 Indigenous 47 13 13 19 7 0 0 60 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 41 12 12 4 1 0 72 16 335

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 46 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 40 9 6 2 0 0 83 8 375
2022 Indigenous 40 44 0 8 8 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 33 7 6 2 0 1 86 7 285
2020 Indigenous 40 37 15 8 0 0 0 77 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 37 9 7 3 1 1 81 11 370
2019 Indigenous 50 28 15 7 0 0 0 78 7 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 35 6 6 2 0 0 86 8 330

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 78 7 0 0 15 0 0 85 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 32 6 12 6 0 0 76 18 375
2022 Indigenous 49 34 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 36 5 7 4 0 0 83 12 290
2020 Indigenous 32 45 8 15 0 0 0 77 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 31 12 9 3 1 0 77 11 370
2019 Indigenous 34 34 13 13 6 0 0 67 19 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 31 9 7 3 0 0 82 9 335

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 47 8 16 0 0 0 76 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 39 14 10 3 0 0 74 13 375
2022 Indigenous 29 53 8 9 0 0 0 83 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 33 11 5 4 0 0 81 9 290
2020 Indigenous 23 47 23 7 0 0 0 70 7 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 40 40 9 8 3 0 0 80 11 375
2019 Indigenous 19 61 6 13 0 0 0 81 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 40 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 335

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 24 16 22 0 0 0 62 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 38 12 6 5 0 0 76 11 375
2022 Indigenous 41 8 26 17 8 0 0 49 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 34 6 7 5 0 1 81 13 290
2020 Indigenous 9 76 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 35 9 8 3 0 0 80 10 375
2019 Indigenous 28 33 20 6 6 6 0 65 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 40 9 7 3 0 0 82 9 335

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 32 7 16 0 0 0 77 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 43 9 10 3 0 0 78 13 375
2022 Indigenous 0 56 8 36 0 0 0 56 36 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 41 5 8 2 0 0 86 10 290
2020 Indigenous 40 45 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 42 11 8 1 0 0 80 9 375
2019 Indigenous 27 53 14 6 0 0 0 80 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 38 12 9 4 0 0 76 13 330

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 23 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 40 6 7 1 0 0 86 8 375
2022 Indigenous 46 46 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 27 5 3 2 0 0 89 5 290
2020 Indigenous 63 30 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 54 35 7 3 1 0 0 89 4 375
2019 Indigenous 54 27 7 13 0 0 0 80 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 60 30 7 2 1 0 0 90 3 335

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 47 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 36 12 10 3 0 0 75 13 375
2022 Indigenous 19 38 8 34 0 0 0 58 34 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 33 8 4 5 0 0 83 9 290
2020 Indigenous 31 46 0 23 0 0 0 77 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 35 10 7 4 0 0 79 11 375
2019 Indigenous 27 40 7 27 0 0 0 66 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 34 9 6 4 0 0 80 11 335

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 68 32 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 38 14 5 2 0 0 80 7 375
2022 Indigenous 37 45 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 33 10 4 2 0 0 84 6 290
2020 Indigenous 42 50 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 33 10 4 1 0 0 85 5 375
2019 Indigenous 53 20 27 0 0 0 0 73 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 33 10 4 2 0 0 83 6 330

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 29 40 8 17 7 0 0 68 24 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 32 40 15 10 4 0 0 72 13 375
2022 Indigenous 19 64 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 39 9 7 7 0 0 77 14 290
2020 Indigenous 31 30 15 15 8 0 0 61 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 34 10 10 3 0 0 78 12 375
2019 Indigenous 20 46 20 6 6 0 0 67 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 39 9 9 4 0 0 78 13 335

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 30 17 8 0 0 0 75 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 40 10 7 3 0 0 81 9 375
2022 Indigenous 27 49 0 24 0 0 0 76 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 31 11 6 3 0 0 80 9 290
2020 Indigenous 23 46 8 7 16 0 0 69 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 29 13 6 4 0 0 77 10 375
2019 Indigenous 41 26 20 13 0 0 0 67 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 39 12 5 3 0 0 79 9 335

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 37 48 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 37 12 8 3 0 0 77 11 375
2022 Indigenous 28 38 0 25 8 0 0 67 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 36 10 5 3 0 0 82 8 290
2020 Indigenous 17 54 7 15 0 0 7 76 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 38 11 7 2 0 0 80 10 375
2019 Indigenous 28 37 21 7 0 7 0 70 8 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 40 6 11 2 0 0 81 13 330

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 47 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 42 12 6 1 0 0 81 7 375
2022 Indigenous 28 46 17 9 0 0 0 74 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 37 6 7 2 0 0 85 9 290
2020 Indigenous 30 62 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 45 38 10 6 2 0 0 83 7 375
2019 Indigenous 33 54 0 13 0 0 0 87 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 39 8 3 2 0 0 87 5 335

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 39 16 7 7 0 0 70 14 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 33 19 7 5 0 0 70 12 375
2022 Indigenous 50 8 17 26 0 0 0 58 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 32 14 7 6 0 0 73 13 290
2020 Indigenous 17 42 24 16 0 0 0 59 16 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 33 24 15 4 0 0 57 19 370
2019 Indigenous 35 13 32 19 0 0 0 48 19 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 39 21 9 5 0 0 65 14 335

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 37 40 7 8 0 0 14 46 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 26 39 17 6 0 1 23 38 370
2022 Indigenous 8 17 26 19 21 0 9 43 28 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 22 38 21 13 0 1 34 28 285
2020 Indigenous 7 38 38 17 0 0 0 17 45 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 6 24 36 23 9 1 0 32 31 375
2019 Indigenous 21 45 0 28 0 6 0 30 70 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 22 38 20 9 1 1 30 32 335

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 21 22 34 16 8 0 0 23 43 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 21 34 14 7 1 1 21 44 375
2022 Indigenous 9 41 9 0 32 0 9 36 55 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 25 36 14 9 0 2 24 39 290
2020 Indigenous 23 37 31 9 0 0 0 9 60 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 23 30 19 10 1 1 30 40 370
2019 Indigenous 19 26 40 0 14 0 0 14 45 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 24 33 15 8 2 1 24 42 335

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 25 51 0 17 0 0 17 32 10
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 19 34 26 9 0 1 36 30 375
2022 Indigenous 9 8 33 18 32 0 0 50 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 21 35 19 16 0 1 35 29 290
2020 Indigenous 22 15 40 23 0 0 0 23 37 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 24 32 18 9 1 1 27 40 370
2019 Indigenous 19 14 33 27 0 6 0 29 35 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 13 26 33 21 7 0 0 28 39 335

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 23 9 21 15 7 9 44 45 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 12 19 27 23 13 3 4 38 33 375
2022 Indigenous 8 26 9 16 41 0 0 58 34 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 26 26 17 14 1 3 33 40 290
2020 Indigenous 7 30 32 16 7 0 7 25 40 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 16 22 27 17 14 2 2 32 40 375
2019 Indigenous 20 20 34 20 0 6 0 21 43 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 13 20 23 19 20 3 2 41 35 335

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 0 7 33 28 25 7 0 57 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 16 26 23 20 3 4 47 26 375
2022 Indigenous 8 17 25 9 31 11 0 44 28 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 21 33 18 14 3 4 34 30 290
2020 Indigenous 0 24 38 38 0 0 0 38 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 6 11 26 35 17 2 3 55 18 375
2019 Indigenous 33 13 20 21 7 6 0 30 49 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 11 16 26 23 18 4 2 44 28 335

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 23 23 21 0 22 0 9 25 52 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 19 34 20 10 2 2 31 34 375
2022 Indigenous 25 8 27 19 21 0 0 41 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 19 35 19 12 3 1 33 31 290
2020 Indigenous 23 30 40 7 0 0 0 7 53 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 9 17 37 21 13 3 1 35 27 370
2019 Indigenous 6 33 39 7 14 0 0 21 40 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 12 20 36 18 10 3 1 29 33 335

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 9 0 30 47 14 0 0 62 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 3 8 30 37 20 1 1 58 11 375
2022 Indigenous 0 16 25 27 32 0 0 60 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 4 32 33 27 0 2 61 6 290
2020 Indigenous 8 38 47 7 0 0 0 7 45 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 2 15 38 31 13 0 1 45 17 375
2019 Indigenous 13 20 28 26 13 0 0 39 33 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 3 14 36 30 16 1 1 47 16 335
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My Work Unit

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 30 15 0 8 0 7 76 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 33 16 9 4 9 7 65 16 375
2022 Indigenous 21 26 28 8 8 9 0 51 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 33 13 6 3 6 5 75 10 290
2020 Indigenous 24 46 15 0 15 0 0 70 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 30 13 9 3 7 3 71 14 375
2019 Indigenous 19 20 13 13 14 20 0 49 34 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 30 15 7 2 9 2 73 10 335

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 56 21 0 15 8 0 0 77 23 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 33 8 7 2 1 0 82 10 375
2022 Indigenous 41 35 0 16 8 0 0 76 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 61 24 8 5 2 0 0 86 7 290
2020 Indigenous 46 38 0 7 8 0 0 85 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 60 24 4 8 4 0 0 84 12 375
2019 Indigenous 47 20 6 14 13 0 0 67 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 29 6 7 2 1 0 85 9 335

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 63 30 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 60 26 5 7 1 0 0 86 9 375
2022 Indigenous 48 36 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 68 25 4 3 1 0 0 93 3 290
2020 Indigenous 54 39 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 25 4 5 1 0 0 90 6 375
2019 Indigenous 56 22 8 7 7 0 0 78 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 65 27 4 3 1 0 0 93 4 335

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 64 36 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 50 36 9 3 1 0 0 87 5 375
2022 Indigenous 39 36 9 16 0 0 0 75 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 26 6 3 1 1 0 91 4 290
2020 Indigenous 62 23 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 57 31 6 5 1 0 0 88 6 370
2019 Indigenous 53 41 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 61 28 7 3 1 1 0 89 4 335

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 39 7 8 8 0 0 78 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 28 12 4 4 7 4 77 10 375
2022 Indigenous 45 20 9 8 8 0 9 72 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 24 7 4 3 8 4 86 7 290

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 46 7 0 15 0 0 78 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 31 11 6 4 7 5 76 12 375
2022 Indigenous 45 20 9 8 8 0 9 72 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 27 6 4 3 9 4 86 7 290
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 64 29 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 30 9 4 1 0 2 85 5 375
2022 Indigenous 58 26 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 25 8 5 0 1 2 87 6 290
2020 Indigenous 46 38 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 60 23 8 5 1 1 2 86 6 375
2019 Indigenous 59 7 7 13 0 6 7 77 15 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 25 9 4 2 1 2 85 6 335

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 45 8 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 32 7 12 3 0 0 78 15 375
2022 Indigenous 40 16 18 17 0 8 0 61 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 30 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 290
2020 Indigenous 39 30 0 24 7 0 0 69 31 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 55 29 7 5 3 0 1 85 8 375
2019 Indigenous 26 42 13 0 13 0 7 72 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 29 11 7 2 1 0 79 10 335

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 70 15 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 56 24 10 6 3 1 1 81 8 375
2022 Indigenous 58 25 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 61 22 10 3 2 0 2 84 6 290
2020 Indigenous 46 15 23 16 0 0 0 62 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 61 19 9 4 3 2 1 83 7 375

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 30 62 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 34 7 8 2 0 0 82 11 375
2022 Indigenous 48 17 8 9 8 0 9 72 19 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 26 7 6 2 0 0 86 8 290
2020 Indigenous 62 23 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 58 24 10 5 3 0 1 82 8 370
2019 Indigenous 52 28 0 20 0 0 0 80 20 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 54 26 10 7 2 1 0 81 10 330

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 86 14 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 71 20 5 2 1 1 0 92 3 375
2022 Indigenous 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 77 17 3 1 0 1 0 95 2 290

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 70 14 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 54 26 9 8 3 0 0 80 11 375
2022 Indigenous 29 36 17 17 0 0 0 65 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 21 7 5 3 0 0 85 8 290
2020 Indigenous 46 15 15 23 0 0 0 62 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 67 19 6 4 3 0 0 86 7 375
2019 Indigenous 47 27 6 13 7 0 0 74 20 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 59 26 7 5 2 1 0 85 7 335

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 92 0 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 82 10 3 2 1 0 2 94 3 375
2022 Indigenous 91 0 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 86 6 1 2 1 0 4 96 2 290
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Senior Management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 22 9 15 0 7 0 75 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 32 11 10 6 7 0 70 18 375
2022 Indigenous 41 27 17 16 0 0 0 67 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 30 11 11 3 6 0 74 14 285
2020 Indigenous 23 23 23 15 0 17 0 54 18 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 49 27 9 6 2 6 0 82 9 375
2019 Indigenous 40 34 13 0 0 13 0 85 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 32 12 4 2 5 0 82 6 330

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 31 0 17 7 0 0 77 23 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 34 16 14 8 2 0 61 23 375
2022 Indigenous 41 17 9 33 0 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 33 13 12 5 3 0 69 18 290
2020 Indigenous 8 30 24 38 0 0 0 38 38 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 30 13 9 2 2 0 76 11 375
2019 Indigenous 20 60 6 6 0 7 0 86 7 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 34 14 6 2 2 0 78 8 330

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 22 47 16 8 7 0 0 69 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 30 20 16 10 4 0 53 26 375
2022 Indigenous 30 28 8 17 8 9 0 64 28 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 31 16 13 6 6 0 64 19 290
2020 Indigenous 16 24 24 17 8 10 0 45 28 10
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 33 16 11 3 4 0 69 14 375
2019 Indigenous 8 43 21 21 0 7 0 55 23 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 37 13 12 3 4 0 70 16 330

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 38 15 9 15 0 0 61 24 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 38 14 16 11 1 0 58 28 375
2022 Indigenous 21 37 9 25 8 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 32 15 15 11 3 0 57 27 290
2020 Indigenous 23 54 0 15 7 0 0 78 22 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 29 33 16 17 4 2 0 63 21 375
2019 Indigenous 13 40 20 20 7 0 0 53 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 40 14 16 5 3 0 63 22 330

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 37 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 35 34 19 5 3 3 2 72 8 375
2022 Indigenous 49 18 17 17 0 0 0 66 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 26 25 6 3 5 2 64 9 290
2020 Indigenous 23 37 22 9 0 8 0 66 10 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 35 31 16 7 3 4 3 72 11 375
2019 Indigenous 59 6 13 0 14 7 0 71 15 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 29 18 7 4 7 3 67 12 335
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 29 7 16 7 0 0 71 23 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 42 15 14 2 1 0 68 17 375
2022 Indigenous 21 46 17 0 16 0 0 67 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 51 13 8 1 0 0 77 10 290
2020 Indigenous 7 70 7 15 0 0 0 78 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 36 42 11 9 3 0 0 77 11 375
2019 Indigenous 41 40 6 13 0 0 0 81 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 46 10 4 1 1 0 85 6 335

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 25 29 14 33 0 0 0 54 33 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 29 20 23 12 3 0 44 36 375
2022 Indigenous 12 46 0 34 8 0 0 58 42 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 36 14 22 13 1 0 51 35 290
2020 Indigenous 7 46 24 15 7 0 0 53 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 27 43 15 11 3 1 0 71 14 370
2019 Indigenous 20 47 20 0 13 0 0 67 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 41 16 13 5 2 0 65 18 335

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 28 7 0 15 0 0 78 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 27 38 14 13 5 3 1 67 19 375
2022 Indigenous 21 34 0 25 20 0 0 55 45 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 35 14 9 3 2 1 73 13 285
2020 Indigenous 15 55 8 15 8 0 0 70 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 31 10 13 4 3 1 73 17 375
2019 Indigenous 47 21 13 13 0 6 0 72 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 28 12 11 4 4 1 72 16 335

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 38 7 15 0 0 0 78 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 40 18 7 3 2 0 72 10 375
2022 Indigenous 41 25 18 16 0 0 0 66 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 38 17 3 2 1 0 78 5 290
2020 Indigenous 30 40 7 22 0 0 0 70 22 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 43 32 17 7 1 0 0 76 7 375
2019 Indigenous 29 29 21 15 0 7 0 62 16 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 33 15 5 2 1 0 77 7 330

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 26 38 7 8 15 0 39 17 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 26 15 11 11 17 3 54 28 375
2022 Indigenous 30 28 9 8 25 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 24 15 13 8 16 4 55 26 290
2020 Indigenous 30 23 15 7 24 0 0 53 32 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 20 13 12 8 15 2 61 23 375
2019 Indigenous 7 26 26 7 20 13 0 39 31 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 24 25 17 8 8 17 2 60 19 330

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 30 7 16 15 0 0 61 32 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 31 37 14 11 5 2 0 70 16 375
2022 Indigenous 48 27 9 8 8 0 0 75 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 32 14 14 6 2 0 66 20 290
2020 Indigenous 15 15 24 23 15 7 0 33 41 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 32 31 18 11 5 3 0 66 16 375
2019 Indigenous 20 13 40 7 13 6 0 36 22 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 37 13 12 4 4 0 70 16 335

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 69 8 8 9 7 0 0 69 31 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 26 15 8 8 0 4 41 59 375
2022 Indigenous 30 27 26 17 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 29 14 7 6 1 3 290
2020 Indigenous 39 30 16 15 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 26 17 8 5 1 3 375
2019 Indigenous 33 14 19 27 6 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 22 16 6 4 0 4 335

Question 44b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to language training in my second official language

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 55 8 9 7 7 0 14 64 36 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 10 8 2 4 0 10 74 26 375

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 7 16 0 8 8 0 66 34 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 71 8 6 1 2 4 8 81 19 375
2022 Indigenous 67 17 8 0 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 75 8 4 2 2 4 6 290
2020 Indigenous 62 23 7 0 7 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 79 6 3 2 1 6 3 375
2019 Indigenous 80 7 0 6 6 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 80 7 2 2 1 4 4 335

Question 44d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 76 0 0 8 0 8 9 91 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 72 8 5 2 1 1 11 82 18 375

Question 44e. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 76 0 0 0 8 8 9 91 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 10 6 4 4 2 9 73 27 375

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 22 40 7 0 30 0 0 62 30 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 20 35 13 15 14 2 2 57 30 375
2022 Indigenous 27 31 9 8 25 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 31 7 15 15 4 2 61 31 290
2020 Indigenous 15 8 15 47 15 0 0 23 62 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 24 25 17 17 11 4 2 52 30 375
2019 Indigenous 14 26 14 7 33 6 0 42 43 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 27 14 14 10 4 1 59 26 335

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 54 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 44 14 9 3 4 1 72 13 375
2022 Indigenous 38 29 9 16 8 0 0 67 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 47 8 9 2 2 0 81 11 290
2020 Indigenous 8 45 24 7 16 0 0 52 24 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 46 14 6 2 2 0 78 8 375
2019 Indigenous 34 39 20 6 0 0 0 73 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 43 13 6 1 4 0 79 8 335

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 40 22 7 0 0 0 71 7 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 41 12 8 3 2 0 78 11 375
2022 Indigenous 38 38 0 16 8 0 0 76 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 33 9 7 4 1 0 79 11 290
2020 Indigenous 23 38 15 0 7 17 0 73 9 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 46 39 8 5 2 1 0 85 7 375
2019 Indigenous 28 33 7 20 6 6 0 65 28 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 35 7 5 2 2 0 85 7 335

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 38 9 15 0 0 0 77 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 38 11 5 3 6 1 80 8 375
2022 Indigenous 75 9 0 8 8 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 38 11 7 2 4 0 79 9 290
2020 Indigenous 23 23 22 8 7 17 0 54 19 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 35 9 5 2 2 0 84 7 375
2019 Indigenous 47 13 13 6 13 7 0 64 21 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 35 11 1 1 2 0 87 2 335

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 31 30 16 7 8 7 0 67 16 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 29 21 6 2 18 2 63 10 375
2022 Indigenous 40 26 9 8 8 9 0 72 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 24 23 6 2 13 0 64 10 290
2020 Indigenous 23 30 15 8 7 17 0 63 19 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 31 18 5 2 5 0 73 8 375

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 49 28 0 15 8 0 0 78 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 29 10 7 5 7 2 77 12 375
2022 Indigenous 58 34 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 32 9 4 2 6 2 84 6 290
2020 Indigenous 22 39 7 16 7 0 8 66 25 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 26 5 5 3 6 2 86 8 375

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 23 8 8 37 0 16 54 37 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 3 5 8 7 44 5 29 77 12 375
2022 Indigenous 8 8 0 18 41 8 17 79 21 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 4 10 8 44 5 26 76 9 290

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 23 29 16 8 0 24 0 68 10 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 15 21 3 4 41 6 47 13 375
2022 Indigenous 0 8 55 0 8 29 0 11 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 17 16 5 1 44 3 58 12 290

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 71 29 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 37 5 5 1 0 0 89 6 375
2022 Indigenous 67 25 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 31 4 4 2 0 0 90 6 290
2020 Indigenous 30 38 15 9 7 0 0 68 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 25 5 3 2 0 0 91 5 375
2019 Indigenous 60 20 13 6 0 0 0 81 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 66 24 6 3 1 0 0 90 3 335

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 40 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 32 14 8 3 1 0 75 10 375
2022 Indigenous 67 8 0 17 8 0 0 75 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 29 15 5 2 0 0 78 7 290
2020 Indigenous 45 15 8 32 0 0 0 60 32 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 54 28 11 6 2 0 0 82 7 370
2019 Indigenous 54 20 13 7 6 0 0 74 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 32 9 5 2 1 0 84 7 335

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 53 31 9 8 0 0 0 83 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 39 38 11 9 3 0 0 77 12 375
2022 Indigenous 47 11 9 25 8 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 33 8 9 2 0 0 81 12 290
2020 Indigenous 30 30 8 24 7 0 0 60 32 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 51 31 8 7 2 0 0 83 9 370
2019 Indigenous 54 27 7 13 0 0 0 80 13 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 32 10 4 2 0 0 84 6 335
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Mobility and Retention

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 62 8 7 23 0 0 0 69 23 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 37 27 16 10 6 5 0 67 17 375
2022 Indigenous 40 25 8 9 17 0 0 66 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 20 18 13 5 4 0 63 19 290
2020 Indigenous 30 23 24 16 7 0 0 53 23 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 44 23 15 10 4 4 0 69 15 375
2019 Indigenous 40 27 19 14 0 0 0 66 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 21 17 9 4 5 0 69 13 335

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 29 31 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 26 32 375
2022 Indigenous 37 28 35 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 23 36 290
2020 Indigenous 70 15 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 31 39 375
2019 Indigenous 53 13 34 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 30 38 335

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 38 36 8 6 6 155
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 31 44 5 11 3 115
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 8 92 375
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 290

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 15

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 48 52 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 58 42 15

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 15

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 15

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 72 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 15

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 64 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 52 15

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 62 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 40 15

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 53 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 60 15

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 67 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 46 15

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 15

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 75 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 15

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 15

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 60 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 55 15

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 15

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 64 15

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 35 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 44 15

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 59 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 15

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 83 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 68 15

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 35
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 15

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 38 62 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 71 15

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 29 71 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 66 15

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 15

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 34 66 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 43 15

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 15

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 60 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 69 31 15

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 40 60 30
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 48 15

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 78 15

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 9 9 12 5 4 49 11 47 22 375
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 8 10 5 5 43 14 53 24 285
2020 Indigenous 23 7 8 9 7 38 7 55 30 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 18 13 12 7 4 38 8 57 21 375
2019 Indigenous 6 13 13 0 14 33 21 42 30 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 12 16 7 3 34 9 54 19 335

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 41 29 14 8 0 8 0 76 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 34 14 5 3 17 2 74 9 375
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 28 14 4 3 14 1 75 8 290
2020 Indigenous 23 30 17 7 0 15 7 69 10 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 37 29 14 5 2 12 1 76 8 375
2019 Indigenous 46 6 13 14 0 20 0 66 17 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 22 16 6 3 11 1 72 10 335
Top of page

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered. 

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 94 375
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 290

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 54 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 15

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 66 34 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 87 13 15

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 15

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 65 15

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 30 70 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 15

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 15

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 15

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 71 15

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 60 15

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 43 57 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 55 15

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 53 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 78 15

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 22 78 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 15

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 76 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 77 15

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 64 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 38 15

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 77 15

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 15

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 15

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 74 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 68 15

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 15

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 36 64 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 69 15

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 63 37 20
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 47 15

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 15

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 8 11 4 2 51 11 55 16 375
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 10 12 2 2 48 11 62 10 290
2020 Indigenous 15 15 7 0 7 47 7 67 17 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 10 15 2 2 41 9 60 9 375
2019 Indigenous 13 6 14 0 6 40 21 49 16 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 10 15 2 1 41 10 62 7 335

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 26 33 13 5 2 20 1 74 9 375
2022 Indigenous 49 35 0 8 8 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 26 16 4 2 13 0 75 6 290
2020 Indigenous 15 37 7 16 0 24 0 70 21 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 28 13 3 2 14 2 79 6 375
2019 Indigenous 40 6 14 7 6 27 0 63 18 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 21 16 1 2 14 1 78 3 335
Top of page

Stress and Well-Being

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 24 0 0 31 0 0 45 55 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 26 18 6 6 0 2 42 58 370
2022 Indigenous 25 37 29 0 9 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 33 14 8 7 0 3 285
2020 Indigenous 23 39 15 23 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 39 33 16 7 4 0 0 370
2019 Indigenous 7 27 20 33 6 0 6 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 35 18 9 12 0 0 335

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 22 26 14 15 0 0 24 76 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 11 28 27 16 17 0 0 11 89 375
2022 Indigenous 29 12 34 25 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 24 29 17 15 0 0 290
2020 Indigenous 16 15 39 15 15 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 11 19 29 25 15 1 0 375
2019 Indigenous 7 22 43 14 14 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 23 31 19 14 0 0 335

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 29 16 18 21 0 0 15 85 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 32 22 11 15 0 1 20 80 375
2022 Indigenous 20 21 42 8 9 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 26 27 14 10 0 1 290
2020 Indigenous 16 47 7 15 15 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 17 22 28 18 15 1 0 375
2019 Indigenous 15 36 28 21 0 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 14 28 30 15 13 0 0 335

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 33 22 0 15 7 0 25 75 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 27 24 11 15 0 1 23 77 375
2022 Indigenous 28 38 9 16 9 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 21 28 19 13 0 1 285
2020 Indigenous 31 32 15 15 7 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 20 19 24 21 15 1 0 370
2019 Indigenous 13 34 20 26 7 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 26 25 17 13 0 0 335

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 29 14 0 0 0 9 53 47 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 23 15 5 7 0 4 47 53 375
2022 Indigenous 50 17 17 17 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 24 15 9 7 0 3 290
2020 Indigenous 47 23 23 7 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 29 20 12 8 0 1 370
2019 Indigenous 30 49 0 0 14 0 7 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 29 17 8 7 0 1 335

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 46 24 16 0 15 0 0 46 54 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 23 23 14 17 0 0 23 77 375
2022 Indigenous 0 57 26 17 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 24 26 12 12 0 0 285
2020 Indigenous 16 39 15 15 15 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 17 29 24 17 13 0 0 375
2019 Indigenous 14 26 13 28 19 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 30 22 14 9 0 0 335

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 24 38 23 0 15 0 0 24 76 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 33 23 11 7 1 0 24 76 375
2022 Indigenous 41 17 8 25 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 31 15 9 7 0 0 290
2020 Indigenous 0 46 39 15 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 33 32 22 8 4 0 1 375
2019 Indigenous 27 47 6 19 0 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 31 21 9 5 1 0 335

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 28 49 15 0 0 0 8 92 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 29 24 15 12 1 1 19 81 375
2022 Indigenous 30 19 9 25 17 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 32 24 9 5 1 1 290
2020 Indigenous 0 40 30 22 7 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 23 35 25 10 6 1 0 375
2019 Indigenous 13 34 33 13 7 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 36 24 11 6 1 0 330

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 17 38 7 23 0 0 15 85 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 28 30 20 13 9 0 1 28 72 375
2022 Indigenous 18 20 17 19 26 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 35 14 10 4 0 1 285
2020 Indigenous 0 40 60 0 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 34 31 21 10 5 0 0 375
2019 Indigenous 7 35 43 15 0 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 27 36 20 12 5 1 0 330

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 54 15 16 0 15 0 0 54 46 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 47 26 14 6 6 1 0 47 53 375
2022 Indigenous 58 8 26 0 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 57 23 8 4 6 0 2 285
2020 Indigenous 30 25 30 7 7 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 52 29 11 4 5 0 0 370
2019 Indigenous 47 28 13 6 6 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 25 12 7 4 1 0 330

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 38 24 14 17 8 0 0 38 62 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 27 11 7 3 0 1 50 50 375
2022 Indigenous 29 28 16 27 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 25 9 3 4 0 0 290
2020 Indigenous 0 24 30 31 15 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 30 28 24 11 6 0 0 375

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 32 23 15 14 17 0 0 32 68 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 33 28 20 12 6 0 1 33 67 375
2022 Indigenous 38 29 17 8 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 30 15 7 6 0 1 290
2020 Indigenous 7 8 40 22 23 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 29 28 24 13 6 0 1 375
2019 Indigenous 7 27 39 6 21 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 31 32 21 10 4 1 0 330

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 85 7 8 0 0 0 0 85 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 41 23 12 8 12 0 3 43 57 375
2022 Indigenous 38 38 16 0 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 18 12 6 6 1 2 285
2020 Indigenous 16 53 16 15 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 31 17 8 3 0 1 370
2019 Indigenous 61 6 13 6 13 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 60 20 11 7 2 1 0 330

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 68 15 0 9 0 8 0 74 26 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 52 30 11 3 3 0 1 53 47 375
2022 Indigenous 68 0 24 0 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 27 7 3 2 0 1 290
2020 Indigenous 15 55 15 15 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 28 39 18 12 2 0 0 370

Question 73o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 76 0 0 0 0 8 17 100 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 74 8 5 1 3 1 8 81 19 375

Question 73p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accommodation issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 76 0 0 0 8 8 9 91 9 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 65 11 7 3 6 2 6 71 29 375

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 59 25 8 0 9 0 0 59 41 10
2024 Non-Indigenous 76 9 4 2 3 2 5 82 18 375
2022 Indigenous 84 8 0 8 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 80 8 3 1 2 1 4 285
2020 Indigenous 84 8 0 0 7 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 83 8 3 2 2 0 2 370
2019 Indigenous 73 13 0 0 14 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 78 10 4 3 2 0 1 335

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 59 32 9 0 0 0 0 59 41 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 61 20 10 3 2 0 3 63 37 375
2022 Indigenous 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 20 6 3 1 0 2 285
2020 Indigenous 69 16 15 0 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 64 25 7 2 2 0 1 370
2019 Indigenous 45 27 13 14 0 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 65 23 8 4 1 0 0 335

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 77 15 0 0 8 0 0 77 23 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 63 16 10 5 3 1 2 64 36 375
2022 Indigenous 66 26 0 8 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 70 16 6 3 3 1 2 285
2020 Indigenous 54 22 16 7 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 67 17 8 4 2 0 1 375
2019 Indigenous 53 28 6 0 13 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 65 20 7 5 3 0 1 335

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 15 0 0 0 0 33 78 22 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 59 14 5 2 2 0 18 72 28 375
2022 Indigenous 75 8 0 0 0 0 17 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 17 4 2 1 0 15 290
2020 Indigenous 46 31 0 7 0 0 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 65 12 6 1 1 1 14 375
2019 Indigenous 60 6 0 0 0 0 34 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 63 12 3 2 1 0 20 335

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 61 22 16 0 0 0 0 61 39 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 69 19 7 1 1 0 3 71 29 375
2022 Indigenous 84 16 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 22 6 1 2 0 2 290
2020 Indigenous 53 32 7 7 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 67 20 9 2 1 0 2 375
2019 Indigenous 73 13 6 0 0 0 7 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 66 23 6 2 1 0 2 335

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 52 32 16 0 0 0 0 52 48 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 20 11 2 5 1 3 60 40 375
2022 Indigenous 65 19 8 0 8 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 75 11 5 1 4 0 3 290
2020 Indigenous 78 15 0 0 0 7 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 70 16 6 2 4 0 1 375
2019 Indigenous 66 13 7 6 6 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 10 5 2 5 0 2 335

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 39 40 14 8 0 0 0 39 61 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 23 18 6 5 0 2 47 53 375
2022 Indigenous 44 40 16 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 27 13 6 3 0 1 285
2020 Indigenous 23 30 39 8 0 0 0 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 29 19 8 2 1 0 375
2019 Indigenous 46 28 27 0 0 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 51 31 13 3 1 0 1 335

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 8 33 38 14 8 0 0 40 21 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 32 38 16 8 0 0 38 24 375
2022 Indigenous 0 20 38 42 0 0 0 20 42 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 33 37 15 5 0 0 43 19 290
2020 Indigenous 8 47 23 22 0 0 0 55 22 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 27 42 16 6 0 0 37 21 375
2019 Indigenous 7 33 34 20 6 0 0 40 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 11 32 39 16 3 0 0 42 19 335

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 7 32 46 9 8 0 0 16 38 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 13 24 40 18 5 0 0 23 37 375
2022 Indigenous 17 42 31 0 9 0 0 9 59 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 23 42 20 7 0 1 27 30 290
2020 Indigenous 0 30 47 15 8 0 0 23 30 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 27 39 17 6 0 0 23 38 375
2019 Indigenous 20 26 27 27 0 0 0 27 46 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 20 42 21 8 0 0 29 29 330

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 40 38 7 15 0 0 0 78 15 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 23 45 15 11 4 2 1 70 15 375
2022 Indigenous 38 25 11 19 8 0 0 63 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 39 12 7 4 2 1 76 12 290
2020 Indigenous 38 47 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 39 7 5 1 1 0 88 6 375
2019 Indigenous 40 20 19 13 0 7 0 65 14 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 41 9 6 3 4 0 81 9 335

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 15 39 31 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 6 22 35 26 10 375
2022 Indigenous 0 27 31 42 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 23 37 25 5 290

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 78 7 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 57 26 9 5 2 1 0 84 7 375
2022 Indigenous 58 25 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 27 5 3 1 3 0 90 5 290
2020 Indigenous 30 40 15 15 0 0 0 70 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 58 26 10 4 2 0 1 84 6 370

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 48 37 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 45 30 8 10 6 1 0 76 16 375
2022 Indigenous 49 18 9 16 8 0 0 67 24 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 28 7 10 5 1 0 78 14 290
2020 Indigenous 30 15 15 33 7 0 0 45 40 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 48 28 11 8 4 1 0 77 12 370

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 71 22 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 26 6 6 3 0 0 85 9 375
2022 Indigenous 58 17 17 8 0 0 0 75 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 26 6 5 2 1 0 87 7 290
2020 Indigenous 37 15 15 33 0 0 0 52 33 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 57 28 8 4 2 0 0 85 7 375

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 35 29 7 29 0 0 0 64 29 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 25 38 15 13 6 2 0 64 20 375
2022 Indigenous 32 26 9 33 0 0 0 58 33 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 45 12 9 3 2 0 75 13 290
2020 Indigenous 15 46 7 32 0 0 0 61 32 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 41 30 14 11 3 1 0 72 15 375
2019 Indigenous 6 41 26 27 0 0 0 47 27 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 28 39 15 11 5 2 0 68 16 335

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 17 56 11 11 5 0 0 73 16 110
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 52 11 17 2 0 1 70 19 90
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 15 85 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 19 81 375
2022 Indigenous 8 92 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 290
2020 Indigenous 23 77 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 10 90 375
2019 Indigenous 40 60 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 83 335

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 67 33 65
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 33 30

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 86 14 65
2022 Non-Indigenous 68 32 30

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 42 25 12 15 6 0 0 68 21 55
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 43 9 9 4 0 0 77 14 20

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 78 15 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 49 33 6 7 4 2 0 83 11 375
2022 Indigenous 48 35 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 34 6 6 1 2 3 87 7 285
2020 Indigenous 37 23 23 16 0 0 0 60 16 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 53 29 8 4 1 3 2 86 6 375
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Compensation

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 23 60 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 24 60 375
2022 Indigenous 38 62 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 23 63 290
2020 Indigenous 23 53 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 25 53 375

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 58 42 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 55 70

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 15 31 16 18 16 2 2 48 35 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 18 16 20 19 2 5 40 42 70

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Non-Indigenous 10 28 13 23 20 0 6 40 47 90
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 22 12 19 29 3 7 33 54 65

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2024 Indigenous 45 8 0 22 9 0 16 54 46 15
2024 Non-Indigenous 46 15 9 5 2 2 21 60 40 375
2022 Indigenous 53 9 20 9 0 0 9 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 15 6 2 2 1 20 290
2020 Indigenous 31 22 7 24 0 0 15 15
2020 Non-Indigenous 50 22 8 5 5 1 9 375
2019 Indigenous 27 14 20 27 13 0 0 15
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 17 15 8 6 1 9 335
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