2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Parole Board of Canada by Question 113. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.

Survey Themes

Top of page

My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 46 44 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 41 3 8 2 0 0 88 10 325

Question 4. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 49 51 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 37 5 3 1 0 1 91 4 325

Question 5. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 44 49 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 38 9 8 3 0 0 80 11 325
2019 Indigenous 51 49 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 34 41 8 11 6 0 1 75 17 345

Question 6. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 67 15 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 36 6 4 2 1 0 88 6 325
2019 Indigenous 67 33 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 50 34 6 7 3 0 0 84 9 345

Question 7. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 63 15 0 22 0 0 0 78 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 34 7 6 7 0 0 81 12 325
2019 Indigenous 67 21 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 32 12 7 6 0 0 75 13 345

Question 8. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 74 0 19 0 7 0 0 74 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 37 7 6 3 0 0 84 9 325
2019 Indigenous 47 53 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 35 11 3 2 0 0 84 5 345

Question 9. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 20 18 0 7 0 0 75 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 36 11 6 6 1 0 77 12 325
2019 Indigenous 49 33 0 0 10 8 0 89 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 34 14 10 7 0 0 69 17 345

Question 10. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 70 23 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 38 6 4 2 0 0 88 6 325
2019 Indigenous 39 53 0 0 0 8 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 40 8 7 3 0 0 81 10 345

Question 11. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 66 27 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 67 27 3 2 1 0 0 94 3 325
2019 Indigenous 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 57 34 5 2 1 0 0 92 3 345

Question 12. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 19 11 0 7 0 0 82 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 33 9 8 5 0 0 78 13 325
2019 Indigenous 49 30 11 0 10 0 0 79 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 33 11 8 7 0 0 74 14 345

Question 13. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 81 8 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 27 6 2 1 0 0 91 3 325

Question 14. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 11 0 8 18 0 0 75 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 33 11 9 7 0 0 73 16 325
2019 Indigenous 28 61 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 34 12 9 8 1 0 71 17 350

Question 15. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 48 18 23 11 0 0 0 66 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 32 16 7 6 0 0 71 13 325
2019 Indigenous 28 61 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 32 14 11 5 0 0 70 16 345

Question 16. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 56 44 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 32 12 6 4 0 0 78 10 325
2019 Indigenous 49 40 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 38 12 5 4 0 0 79 9 340

Question 17. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 18 7 11 0 0 0 82 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 34 8 5 1 0 0 86 6 325
2019 Indigenous 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 35 7 4 1 0 0 88 5 350

Question 18. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 33 30 19 7 11 0 0 64 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 35 14 12 5 0 0 69 17 325
2019 Indigenous 20 29 33 18 0 0 0 49 18 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 32 18 8 5 0 0 69 13 350

Question 19a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 11 48 18 23 0 0 40 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 18 30 25 16 2 2 42 27 325
2019 Indigenous 11 10 30 31 10 8 0 44 23 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 22 27 26 16 0 2 42 30 345

Question 19b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 14 19 36 31 0 0 67 14 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 9 30 23 22 2 9 50 16 325
2019 Indigenous 8 0 30 20 21 21 0 52 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 11 28 26 22 3 3 51 19 345

Question 19c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 25 11 32 31 0 0 63 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 11 27 28 24 0 4 54 18 325
2019 Indigenous 11 11 21 28 19 8 0 52 25 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 8 8 30 31 20 0 2 53 16 345

Question 19d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 18 22 19 25 15 0 0 40 41 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 19 26 18 20 2 2 40 33 325
2019 Indigenous 11 10 30 10 21 18 0 38 26 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 12 18 28 18 20 1 2 39 31 340

Question 19e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 8 22 11 29 15 15 0 52 36 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 23 23 17 16 4 2 36 40 325
2019 Indigenous 0 8 33 28 10 21 0 48 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 15 19 25 19 17 4 2 38 36 350

Question 19f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 7 15 30 18 31 0 0 49 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 14 31 24 18 3 3 44 24 325
2019 Indigenous 11 11 28 10 21 18 0 38 28 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 14 29 25 18 3 2 45 24 345

Question 19g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 30 32 24 15 0 0 39 30 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 12 32 27 20 1 2 49 18 325
2019 Indigenous 11 10 18 51 9 0 0 60 21 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 7 13 31 27 19 1 1 47 21 345
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My Work Unit

Question 20. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 40 27 7 18 0 8 0 72 20 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 29 15 7 5 8 5 69 14 325
2019 Indigenous 31 10 10 0 0 28 21 80 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 29 25 14 12 9 7 4 61 23 345

Question 21. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 56 44 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 29 6 7 3 2 0 84 9 325
2019 Indigenous 39 40 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 27 10 7 6 0 0 76 13 345

Question 22. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 73 19 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 31 5 3 1 0 0 90 5 325
2019 Indigenous 80 10 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 36 7 7 3 0 0 83 10 345

Question 23. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 71 29 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 36 8 4 2 1 0 86 6 325
2019 Indigenous 47 31 11 10 0 0 0 79 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 31 13 7 3 1 0 77 9 345

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 66 26 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 25 9 3 4 6 4 84 7 325

Question 25. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 66 26 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 24 8 5 3 5 4 83 9 325
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 26. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 59 0 30 11 0 0 0 59 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 26 13 3 1 1 4 82 4 325
2019 Indigenous 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 27 13 5 3 1 5 77 8 345

Question 27. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 68 7 18 0 7 0 0 75 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 27 10 5 4 0 1 80 9 325
2019 Indigenous 62 18 10 10 0 0 0 80 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 32 12 7 5 0 1 76 12 345

Question 28. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 67 18 0 8 7 0 0 85 15 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 19 12 4 3 1 2 80 7 325

Question 29. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 68 25 0 0 7 0 0 93 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 30 8 5 3 1 0 84 8 325
2019 Indigenous 69 20 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 47 32 8 4 7 1 1 81 11 345

Question 30. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 65 23 4 4 2 1 1 90 6 325

Question 31. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 82 0 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 59 27 7 4 4 0 1 86 7 325
2019 Indigenous 57 21 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 53 28 7 6 5 1 0 82 11 345

Question 32. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 84 7 2 1 3 0 3 94 4 325
2019 Indigenous 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 83 10 1 2 1 1 3 96 3 345
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Senior Management

Question 33. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 89 0 0 0 0 11 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 28 10 4 4 5 0 81 8 325
2019 Indigenous 39 40 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 30 12 9 6 3 0 72 15 345

Question 34. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 82 0 0 18 0 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 28 12 6 5 1 0 76 12 325
2019 Indigenous 39 40 0 0 10 11 0 89 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 28 15 8 8 1 0 68 16 345

Question 35. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 59 30 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 36 31 13 9 6 4 0 70 16 325
2019 Indigenous 39 31 8 0 10 11 0 79 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 32 26 16 14 8 3 0 60 23 345

Question 36. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 74 15 0 0 11 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 34 12 8 5 1 0 74 13 325
2019 Indigenous 31 40 0 0 10 20 0 88 12 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 28 34 14 13 9 1 0 63 23 345

Question 37. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 22 0 0 8 8 7 90 10 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 17 7 5 8 9 7 76 16 325
2019 Indigenous 47 0 10 0 10 33 0 70 15 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 14 11 6 9 11 5 69 18 345
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 38. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 66 15 8 11 0 0 0 81 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 41 8 6 1 1 0 85 7 325
2019 Indigenous 40 38 0 10 0 11 0 89 11 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 39 12 6 2 1 0 80 8 345

Question 39. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 27 7 0 11 0 0 82 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 36 19 10 7 2 0 63 17 325
2019 Indigenous 11 50 0 10 0 29 0 86 14 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 31 19 19 7 2 0 55 26 345

Question 40. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 19 0 11 7 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 28 14 6 4 4 0 75 10 325
2019 Indigenous 32 20 21 8 10 8 0 57 20 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 34 13 8 6 1 1 73 14 350

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 75 18 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 32 18 3 3 0 0 77 5 325
2019 Indigenous 39 30 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 30 17 7 5 3 0 69 13 345

Question 42. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 29 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 23 15 9 7 10 4 64 19 325
2019 Indigenous 21 21 0 18 0 30 10 70 30 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 20 19 10 10 11 4 54 24 345

Question 43. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 47 20 8 8 18 0 0 67 25 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 31 14 7 6 4 0 72 14 325

Question 44a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 34 11 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 46 27 11 3 5 1 7 325
2019 Indigenous 57 21 10 0 0 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 54 22 10 5 3 1 7 350

Question 44c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 93 0 0 7 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 77 8 1 2 3 3 7 325
2019 Indigenous 89 0 0 0 0 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 6 4 3 2 4 7 345

Question 45. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 22 8 24 19 18 0 10 33 41 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 32 12 11 12 4 5 61 25 325
2019 Indigenous 10 9 30 28 0 0 23 25 37 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 25 14 16 16 3 6 50 35 345

Question 46. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 27 0 7 11 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 32 37 14 10 3 3 1 72 14 325
2019 Indigenous 9 59 10 0 0 21 0 87 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 43 14 11 5 1 0 70 16 345

Question 47. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 75 8 0 7 11 0 0 82 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 38 8 5 4 2 0 83 9 325
2019 Indigenous 49 30 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 34 12 9 4 2 0 74 13 345

Question 48. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes individuals who have an array of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives, and experiences that are representative of Canada’s current and evolving population. This includes but is not limited to differences in ethnicity or race, culture, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, educational background, region, and marital or parental status.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 50 43 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 34 14 3 2 5 0 80 5 325
2019 Indigenous 49 18 10 0 0 23 0 87 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 30 15 6 4 3 1 74 10 345

Question 49. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 47 30 15 8 0 0 0 77 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 25 20 4 3 15 1 68 8 325

Question 50. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 70 22 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 27 8 3 3 4 3 84 7 325

Question 51. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 7 0 8 70 8 8 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 3 9 6 50 5 24 79 9 325

Question 52. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 24 15 44 0 8 8 0 43 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 13 25 3 3 39 3 48 9 325

Question 53. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 75 18 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 61 28 3 5 3 0 0 89 8 325
2019 Indigenous 69 10 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 52 32 7 6 3 0 0 84 9 345

Question 54. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 19 11 7 0 0 0 82 7 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 29 8 7 6 0 0 79 13 325
2019 Indigenous 79 0 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 30 12 11 5 0 0 73 15 345

Question 55. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 64 8 11 11 7 0 0 71 18 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 32 7 7 5 0 0 81 12 325
2019 Indigenous 79 0 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 30 13 9 5 0 0 73 14 345
Top of page

Mobility and Retention

Question 56. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 56 18 0 19 7 0 0 74 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 45 26 11 8 7 2 2 74 15 325
2019 Indigenous 61 18 10 0 0 11 0 89 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 22 17 9 7 4 1 65 17 345

Question 57_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 34 40 26 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 34 38 28 325
2019 Indigenous 0 49 51 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 38 36 345

Question 57_2. Of those who indicated that they intend to leave their current position in the next two years: Please indicate your reason for leaving

In order to make historical trend analysis, Q57 has followed the same format as last year. This means Q57_1 is same as Q56_1 in the 2022 PSES, and Q57_2 is same as Q56_2 in the 2022 PSES.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 27 33 4 12 4 110
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 17 44 3 12 6 90
Top of page

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.

Question 58. Having carefully read the definition of harassment above, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 325
2019 Indigenous 0 100 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 9 91 350

Question 59a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 50 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 56 35

Question 59b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 64 36 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 73 27 35

Question 59c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 59d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 59e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 8 92 40

Question 59f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 59g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 60a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 76 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 70 35

Question 60b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 44 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 54 35

Question 60c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 60 35

Question 60d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 37 63 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 42 58 35

Question 60e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 59 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 44 56 35

Question 60f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 48 52 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 63 35

Question 60g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 73 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 38 62 35

Question 60h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 35

Question 60i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 40

Question 60j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 18 82 35

Question 60k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 69 31 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 62 38 35

Question 60l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 13 87 40

Question 60m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 61a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 48 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 45 55 35

Question 61b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 26 74 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 26 74 35

Question 61c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 40

Question 61d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 23 77 35

Question 61e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 40

Question 61f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 3 97 40

Question 61g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 40

Question 61h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 40

Question 61i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 75 40
2019 Non-Indigenous 31 69 35

Question 62a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 35

Question 62b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 35

Question 62c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 2 98 35

Question 62d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 35

Question 62e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 35

Question 62f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 62g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 35

Question 62h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 14 86 35

Question 62i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 62j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 35

Question 62k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 35

Question 62l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 57 35

Question 62m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 35

Question 62n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 47 53 35

Question 62p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 35

Question 63. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 15 12 3 5 37 9 63 14 325
2019 Indigenous 0 10 0 0 0 90 0 100 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 21 14 17 7 6 29 6 55 19 350

Question 64. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 78 8 0 0 7 8 0 92 8 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 27 15 5 3 8 0 75 8 325
2019 Indigenous 47 21 20 0 0 11 0 78 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 25 15 6 6 7 1 71 13 345
Top of page

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered. 

Question 65. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination above, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 100 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 325
2019 Indigenous 0 100 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 5 95 345

Question 66a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 20

Question 66b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 75 25 20

Question 66c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 20

Question 66d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 66e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 20

Question 66f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20

Question 66g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 16 84 20

Question 67a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 80 20

Question 67b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 20

Question 67d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 20

Question 67e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 75 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 36 64 15

Question 67f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 29 71 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 37 63 15

Question 67g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 20

Question 67k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 67l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 70 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 29 71 15

Question 67m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. …Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 39 61 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 48 52 15

Question 68b. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 21 79 20

Question 68c. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 20

Question 68d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 15 85 20

Question 68e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 20

Question 68g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 10 90 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 0 100 15

Question 68h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 19 81 20

Question 68i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 59 20
2019 Non-Indigenous 28 72 15

Question 69a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 20

Question 69b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 17 83 20

Question 69c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 0 100 20

Question 69d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 94 20

Question 69e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 5 95 20

Question 69f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 7 93 20

Question 69g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 33 67 20

Question 69h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 20

Question 69i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 20

Question 69j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 60 20

Question 69k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 82 20

Question 69l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 55 45 20

Question 69m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 88 20

Question 69n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 78 20

Question 69p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 28 72 20

Question 70. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 22 11 15 2 2 39 8 63 8 325
2019 Indigenous 10 10 11 0 0 69 0 64 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 14 20 2 3 31 5 60 9 345

Question 71. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 67 26 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 44 25 16 3 2 9 1 76 5 325
2019 Indigenous 47 21 20 0 0 11 0 78 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 43 25 17 3 3 9 1 75 6 345
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Stress and Well-Being

Question 73a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 56 33 0 0 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 38 28 14 9 9 0 4 325
2019 Indigenous 18 33 8 10 31 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 22 27 19 10 19 1 2 350

Question 73b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 23 34 7 7 30 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 18 27 25 12 17 0 1 325
2019 Indigenous 18 19 44 18 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 16 27 27 15 14 0 1 345

Question 73c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 49 8 15 7 22 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 27 23 8 9 0 1 325
2019 Indigenous 18 19 51 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 32 20 9 8 0 1 345

Question 73d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 15 33 15 15 22 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 20 24 25 12 18 1 1 325
2019 Indigenous 18 19 33 8 10 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 25 25 20 16 12 1 1 345

Question 73e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 30 25 8 25 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 42 25 13 8 7 0 6 325
2019 Indigenous 18 38 33 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 46 25 12 6 5 1 6 345

Question 73f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 40 8 23 7 22 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 28 22 11 7 0 1 325
2019 Indigenous 17 51 33 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 31 19 10 6 1 0 345

Question 73g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 55 16 11 7 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 41 29 10 9 6 1 4 325
2019 Indigenous 39 50 0 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 35 31 19 7 6 1 1 345

Question 73h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 33 15 30 22 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 31 30 16 12 6 1 3 325
2019 Indigenous 21 46 21 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 34 19 10 6 1 0 345

Question 73i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 67 26 7 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 24 13 5 5 1 2 325
2019 Indigenous 61 28 0 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 40 29 18 8 4 1 0 345

Question 73j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 62 27 0 0 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 54 20 13 5 7 1 1 325
2019 Indigenous 69 10 10 0 11 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 23 14 7 7 1 0 345

Question 73k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 53 29 10 3 3 0 1 325

Question 73l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 31 32 25 0 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 35 30 19 8 7 0 1 325
2019 Indigenous 30 49 11 10 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 33 31 20 9 6 1 1 350

Question 73m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 57 32 0 0 11 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 61 21 7 5 2 1 3 320
2019 Indigenous 79 10 0 0 0 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 26 10 3 3 0 2 350

Question 73n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 53 25 11 11 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 50 36 8 3 2 0 1 320

Question 73q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 93 0 7 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 80 8 5 2 2 1 2 325
2019 Indigenous 79 10 0 0 0 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 75 9 5 3 4 2 2 345

Question 73r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with my co-worker(s)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 81 11 0 8 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 71 18 6 3 1 1 1 325
2019 Indigenous 59 30 11 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 27 10 3 2 0 2 345

Question 73s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) with authority over me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 89 0 11 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 71 13 8 4 3 1 2 325
2019 Indigenous 80 20 0 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 58 20 10 6 4 0 2 340

Question 73t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with individual(s) working for me

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 82 0 0 0 8 0 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 62 9 4 1 1 0 24 325
2019 Indigenous 82 8 0 0 0 0 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 56 12 5 2 0 1 25 340

Question 73u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issues with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 53 18 19 0 0 0 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 72 18 5 1 1 1 3 325
2019 Indigenous 72 10 18 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 67 20 7 1 1 0 4 345

Question 73v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 82 0 0 18 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 77 8 4 3 3 1 4 325
2019 Indigenous 31 57 11 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 72 15 3 2 4 1 3 345

Question 73w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 72 10 18 0 0 0 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 30 11 3 2 0 2 325
2019 Indigenous 47 53 0 0 0 0 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 49 33 13 2 1 0 2 345

Question 74. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 15 26 22 18 18 0 0 42 36 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 36 32 13 8 0 0 48 20 325
2019 Indigenous 8 33 38 11 10 0 0 41 21 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 19 32 32 15 3 0 0 51 18 350

Question 75. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 30 7 33 15 15 0 0 30 37 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 9 25 34 20 11 0 0 31 34 325
2019 Indigenous 0 20 49 21 10 0 0 31 20 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 12 18 38 21 10 0 0 32 30 345

Question 76. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 62 8 20 0 11 0 0 70 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 40 32 15 7 5 2 0 73 12 325
2019 Indigenous 59 31 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 41 32 15 7 4 0 0 74 11 345

Question 77. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 15 31 27 27 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 12 29 35 18 6 325

Question 78. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 70 30 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 56 25 10 4 2 2 1 84 6 325

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 63 25 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 24 10 6 6 2 0 78 12 325

Question 80. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 78 11 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 60 26 7 3 2 1 1 88 5 325

Question 81. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional individual behaviours and organizational practices.
Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 47 31 0 22 0 0 0 78 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 30 40 12 9 7 2 0 72 16 325
2019 Indigenous 39 30 21 10 0 0 0 69 10 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 30 31 14 16 8 1 1 61 24 345

Question 83. Of those who indicated that they are a supervisor: I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 27 52 8 8 3 2 0 81 11 75
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 84. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?

Definition of the term has changed from PSES 2022.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 25 75 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 11 89 325
2019 Indigenous 30 70 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 17 83 350

Question 85. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

Disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society. Barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 51 49 35

Question 86. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 83 17 35

Question 87. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 52 29 6 10 3 0 0 81 13 30

Question 88. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 62 27 0 11 0 0 0 89 11 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 31 8 3 2 4 3 86 5 325
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Compensation

Question 89. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 0 92 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 25 63 325

Question 90. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 49 51 80

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 24 32 17 10 8 1 7 61 21 80

Question 92. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Non-Indigenous 6 21 19 15 34 1 5 28 52 80

Question 93. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?

Calculation of “positive” and “negative” answers has changed since 2022 PSES
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Positive answers
(%)		 Negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indigenous 63 0 7 8 0 0 22 10
2022 Non-Indigenous 43 20 7 6 5 2 16 325
2019 Indigenous 42 8 18 10 10 11 0 10
2019 Non-Indigenous 39 17 12 12 10 1 9 345
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