2024 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada by Question 114. Which racial group(s) do you identify with?
The results of the 2024 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.
Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Positive answers" and "Negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.
Results for questions 44, 73 and 93 are calculated differently than previous years to provide a more accurate and meaningful reflection of employee experiences. The calculation of negative answers now includes "To a very large extent", "To a large extent", "To a moderate extent" and "To a small extent". Because of this adjustment, results for these questions are not directly comparable to previous years.
Survey Themes
My Job
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 39 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 13 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 38 | 43 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 15 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 51 | 38 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 42 | 39 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 14 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 37 | 47 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 13 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 46 | 37 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 13 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 45 | 33 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 13 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 44 | 40 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 13 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 54 | 30 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 14 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 43 | 40 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 13 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 49 | 34 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 13 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 43 | 40 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 13 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 37 | 43 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 18 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 46 | 38 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 12 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 40 | 30 | 9 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 22 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 39 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 12 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 38 | 42 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 15 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 40 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 13 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 34 | 31 | 4 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 68 | 28 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 39 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 12 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 73 | 18 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 65 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 10 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 65 | 21 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 75 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 92 | 4 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 78 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 71 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 76 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 3 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 73 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 71 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 73 | 17 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 73 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 73 | 18 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 92 | 4 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 82 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 2 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 71 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 5 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 72 | 20 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 95 | 5 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 73 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 65 | 20 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 86 | 10 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 74 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 60 | 25 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 87 | 6 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 74 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 4 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 70 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 6 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 58 | 22 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 13 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 63 | 20 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 72 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 77 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 94 | 4 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 68 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 77 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 5 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 69 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 24 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 87 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 71 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 6 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 68 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 10 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 71 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 79 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 2 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 68 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 88 | 7 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 73 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 70 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 6 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 58 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 13 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 71 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 89 | 6 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 55 | 28 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 85 | 10 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 71 | 17 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 89 | 6 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 38 | 29 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 24 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 27 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 63 | 28 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 39 | 35 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 17 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 38 | 27 | 8 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 66 | 25 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 38 | 26 | 11 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 65 | 24 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 39 | 30 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 27 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 25 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 38 | 29 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 23 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 46 | 31 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 15 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 38 | 29 | 8 | 13 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 24 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 36 | 26 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 63 | 26 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 39 | 29 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 23 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 70 | 26 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 38 | 29 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 23 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 44 | 24 | 3 | 17 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 29 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 38 | 29 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 23 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 27 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 63 | 28 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 39 | 30 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 23 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 29 | 19 | 4 | 22 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 48 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 39 | 29 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 22 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 37 | 37 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 15 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 37 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 41 | 40 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 8 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 36 | 36 | 11 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 17 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 27 | 41 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 19 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 40 | 36 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 13 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 32 | 37 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 23 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 38 | 37 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 26 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 18 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 36 | 38 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 14 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 51 | 27 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 34 | 39 | 11 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 15 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 33 | 39 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 38 | 37 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 15 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 36 | 34 | 7 | 16 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 24 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 37 | 37 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 37 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 36 | 38 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 28 | 41 | 8 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 23 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 38 | 37 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 34 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 78 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 45 | 31 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 77 | 13 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 44 | 41 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 32 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 12 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 40 | 36 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 12 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 33 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 37 | 39 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 77 | 15 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 33 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 10 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 53 | 23 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 43 | 35 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 11 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 52 | 23 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 77 | 11 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 42 | 36 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 47 | 29 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 12 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 43 | 35 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 11 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 38 | 42 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 83 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 34 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 45 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 77 | 13 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 43 | 35 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 38 | 34 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 19 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 44 | 34 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 10 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 41 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 19 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 44 | 34 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 31 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 45 | 28 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 43 | 33 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 14 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 47 | 29 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 43 | 32 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 15 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 45 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 21 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 32 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 14 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 46 | 32 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 16 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 43 | 31 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 33 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 17 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 44 | 31 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 33 | 44 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 11 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 15 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 41 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 19 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 32 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 14 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 30 | 33 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 23 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 14 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 39 | 39 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 32 | 38 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 14 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 42 | 41 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 39 | 38 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 35 | 41 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 41 | 38 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 30 | 40 | 19 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 39 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 10 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 41 | 40 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 8 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 39 | 39 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 38 | 33 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 13 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 40 | 40 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 9 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 47 | 36 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 38 | 39 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 32 | 55 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 10 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 40 | 38 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 32 | 39 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 14 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 40 | 38 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 41 | 38 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 39 | 39 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 36 | 35 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 13 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 34 | 35 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 15 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 30 | 42 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 73 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 38 | 33 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 33 | 36 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 34 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 38 | 38 | 12 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 34 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 13 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 56 | 25 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 82 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 35 | 35 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 13 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 45 | 26 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 34 | 37 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 34 | 32 | 19 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 66 | 14 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 35 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 30 | 25 | 31 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 15 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 36 | 35 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 34 | 35 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 15 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 35 | 35 | 17 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 12 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 44 | 15 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 22 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 37 | 34 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 42 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 37 | 42 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 43 | 45 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 41 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 45 | 39 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 44 | 43 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 8 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 44 | 35 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 44 | 43 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 8 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 34 | 55 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 45 | 41 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 53 | 32 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 10 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 42 | 44 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 8 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 44 | 48 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 6 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 44 | 41 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 9 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 41 | 42 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 11 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 42 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 37 | 42 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 43 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 8 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 32 | 35 | 13 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 20 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 42 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 8 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 52 | 36 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 45 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 48 | 43 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 5 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 53 | 34 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 52 | 33 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 52 | 37 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 6 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 50 | 38 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 10 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 52 | 36 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 33 | 7 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 11 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 52 | 36 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 57 | 30 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 51 | 37 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 57 | 35 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 5 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 51 | 36 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 61 | 36 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 52 | 36 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 45 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 52 | 37 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 41 | 46 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 53 | 36 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 39 | 37 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 37 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 15 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 32 | 47 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 8 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 41 | 35 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 41 | 35 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 38 | 38 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 47 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 78 | 13 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 36 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 53 | 32 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 38 | 38 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 47 | 28 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 37 | 39 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 39 | 31 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 15 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 39 | 39 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 41 | 46 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 39 | 37 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 36 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 15 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 38 | 38 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 11 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 31 | 45 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 16 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 37 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 51 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 6 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 43 | 35 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 55 | 32 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 50 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 43 | 35 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 8 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 54 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 41 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 6 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 53 | 32 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 64 | 22 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 51 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 6 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 54 | 27 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 82 | 7 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 51 | 34 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 52 | 37 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 3 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 51 | 32 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 58 | 36 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 51 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 6 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 44 | 35 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 51 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 56 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 51 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 6 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 35 | 39 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 15 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 31 | 38 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 70 | 16 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 33 | 39 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 36 | 38 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 16 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 30 | 40 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 71 | 19 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 38 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 32 | 37 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 70 | 15 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 35 | 39 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 15 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 49 | 29 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 13 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 34 | 39 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 16 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 43 | 30 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 75 | 16 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 33 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 15 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 35 | 43 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 13 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 38 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 16 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 33 | 52 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 12 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 35 | 38 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 16 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 32 | 38 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 70 | 16 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 34 | 39 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 15 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 35 | 39 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 22 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 38 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 15 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 40 | 33 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 36 | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 13 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 36 | 38 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 76 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 41 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 13 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 35 | 31 | 15 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 18 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 41 | 34 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 37 | 31 | 19 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 34 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 58 | 29 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 13 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 38 | 34 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 12 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 43 | 30 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 39 | 34 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 44 | 31 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 10 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 39 | 34 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 13 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 37 | 40 | 20 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 40 | 33 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 13 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 36 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 13 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 39 | 33 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 13 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 39 | 36 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 18 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 33 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 41 | 37 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 38 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 13 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 44 | 43 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 40 | 35 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 36 | 34 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 42 | 38 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 33 | 43 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 42 | 36 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 48 | 35 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 14 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 40 | 37 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 49 | 26 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 11 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 39 | 39 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 40 | 38 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 12 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 41 | 37 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 39 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 8 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 41 | 37 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 38 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 13 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 41 | 37 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 32 | 40 | 7 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 21 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 41 | 37 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 46 | 36 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 41 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 51 | 36 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 45 | 37 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 37 | 40 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 49 | 35 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 32 | 45 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 47 | 36 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 22 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 45 | 38 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 7 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 46 | 35 | 12 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 46 | 37 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 54 | 31 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 44 | 38 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 8 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 41 | 48 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 46 | 36 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 7 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 41 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 47 | 36 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 40 | 40 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 36 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 7 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 40 | 39 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 43 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 11 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 46 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 5 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 41 | 36 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 42 | 34 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 39 | 40 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 32 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 5 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 39 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 43 | 36 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 40 | 39 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 46 | 35 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 10 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 39 | 39 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 6 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 38 | 45 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 40 | 37 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 7 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 29 | 35 | 21 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 15 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 40 | 39 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 42 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 11 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 41 | 38 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 31 | 39 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 13 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 39 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 11 | 16 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 36 | 29 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 9 | 23 | 35 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 33 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 3 | 15 | 34 | 25 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 45 | 19 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 14 | 17 | 32 | 22 | 11 | 1 | 5 | 34 | 32 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 12 | 15 | 34 | 23 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 36 | 28 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 16 | 32 | 22 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 36 | 29 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 16 | 16 | 32 | 19 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 33 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 16 | 33 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 29 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 12 | 13 | 25 | 33 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 47 | 27 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 16 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 36 | 29 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 13 | 15 | 34 | 18 | 13 | 0 | 6 | 34 | 30 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 16 | 33 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 29 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 18 | 32 | 20 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 29 | 36 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 16 | 33 | 23 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 38 | 28 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 9 | 21 | 33 | 24 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 33 | 32 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 16 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 36 | 29 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 23 | 34 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 33 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 11 | 16 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 36 | 29 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 20 | 15 | 35 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 26 | 37 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 11 | 16 | 33 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 29 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 13 | 21 | 28 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 32 | 37 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 24 | 28 | 19 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 30 | 41 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 8 | 26 | 27 | 20 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 34 | 37 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 14 | 20 | 29 | 15 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 32 | 37 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 13 | 18 | 32 | 19 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 35 | 32 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 22 | 27 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 8 | 31 | 39 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 13 | 25 | 27 | 8 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 26 | 43 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 21 | 28 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 33 | 37 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 12 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 23 | 2 | 7 | 45 | 35 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 21 | 29 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 31 | 37 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 13 | 21 | 25 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 11 | 32 | 39 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 21 | 29 | 17 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 32 | 37 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 17 | 35 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 27 | 36 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 12 | 22 | 27 | 17 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 33 | 37 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 14 | 10 | 31 | 24 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 39 | 27 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 22 | 28 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 32 | 37 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 15 | 24 | 28 | 18 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 31 | 40 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 21 | 29 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 31 | 37 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 29 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 10 | 0 | 7 | 28 | 53 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 12 | 21 | 29 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 32 | 36 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 12 | 28 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 22 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 8 | 17 | 31 | 27 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 44 | 25 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 5 | 11 | 32 | 25 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 49 | 18 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 10 | 12 | 27 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 23 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 8 | 11 | 28 | 32 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 53 | 19 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 9 | 12 | 28 | 24 | 20 | 1 | 5 | 47 | 22 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 8 | 16 | 23 | 28 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 49 | 26 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 11 | 29 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 21 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 5 | 10 | 33 | 18 | 29 | 0 | 6 | 50 | 15 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 12 | 28 | 26 | 19 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 22 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 7 | 14 | 22 | 28 | 21 | 0 | 8 | 53 | 23 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 9 | 11 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 21 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 11 | 29 | 21 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 29 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 12 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 50 | 20 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 15 | 3 | 32 | 24 | 23 | 0 | 3 | 48 | 18 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 12 | 28 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 22 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 8 | 16 | 31 | 27 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 44 | 25 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 9 | 12 | 27 | 26 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 49 | 22 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 17 | 12 | 30 | 20 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 38 | 31 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 8 | 12 | 28 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 4 | 49 | 21 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 14 | 17 | 23 | 18 | 19 | 2 | 6 | 41 | 33 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 22 | 25 | 19 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 35 | 38 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 8 | 16 | 25 | 17 | 22 | 2 | 10 | 44 | 28 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 15 | 17 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 41 | 35 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 17 | 18 | 24 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 38 | 36 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 16 | 23 | 18 | 21 | 2 | 7 | 42 | 32 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 18 | 15 | 19 | 18 | 23 | 2 | 4 | 44 | 36 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 41 | 33 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 6 | 26 | 18 | 14 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 47 | 34 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 14 | 16 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 2 | 6 | 41 | 33 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 10 | 14 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 3 | 9 | 49 | 27 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 14 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 19 | 2 | 6 | 40 | 35 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 20 | 14 | 27 | 15 | 16 | 3 | 5 | 34 | 37 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 12 | 17 | 22 | 19 | 20 | 2 | 7 | 43 | 33 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 8 | 24 | 28 | 12 | 17 | 0 | 10 | 32 | 36 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 14 | 17 | 23 | 19 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 42 | 33 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 15 | 21 | 25 | 19 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 35 | 38 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 17 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 42 | 33 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 23 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 30 | 48 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 13 | 17 | 23 | 18 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 42 | 33 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 8 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 7 | 9 | 49 | 23 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 9 | 13 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 51 | 23 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 6 | 13 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 8 | 10 | 53 | 23 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 8 | 12 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 6 | 8 | 48 | 23 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 10 | 11 | 20 | 26 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 54 | 24 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 12 | 24 | 20 | 20 | 7 | 9 | 48 | 23 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 10 | 5 | 25 | 17 | 26 | 11 | 6 | 52 | 18 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 13 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 6 | 9 | 49 | 24 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 6 | 12 | 23 | 23 | 29 | 2 | 6 | 56 | 20 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 8 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 7 | 9 | 49 | 24 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 5 | 13 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 7 | 9 | 52 | 21 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 8 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 7 | 8 | 49 | 24 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 11 | 11 | 31 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 34 | 27 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 12 | 22 | 23 | 21 | 6 | 8 | 52 | 23 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 5 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 20 | 8 | 6 | 51 | 25 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 8 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 7 | 9 | 49 | 23 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 13 | 23 | 25 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 51 | 24 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 12 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 7 | 8 | 49 | 23 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 15 | 14 | 26 | 22 | 15 | 0 | 8 | 40 | 31 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 7 | 9 | 50 | 23 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 11 | 15 | 30 | 19 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 38 | 29 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 12 | 21 | 30 | 19 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 34 | 34 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 5 | 9 | 31 | 22 | 19 | 3 | 11 | 47 | 16 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 16 | 29 | 18 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 32 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 14 | 18 | 30 | 20 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 35 | 34 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 14 | 29 | 18 | 17 | 4 | 7 | 40 | 27 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 6 | 16 | 33 | 22 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 39 | 24 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 15 | 29 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 38 | 29 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 8 | 21 | 23 | 16 | 25 | 0 | 6 | 44 | 31 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 14 | 30 | 19 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 38 | 28 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 11 | 14 | 26 | 13 | 23 | 5 | 7 | 42 | 29 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 38 | 29 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 15 | 14 | 30 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 34 | 32 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 15 | 29 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 7 | 39 | 28 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 15 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 20 | 0 | 4 | 46 | 33 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 15 | 30 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 7 | 38 | 29 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 21 | 30 | 19 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 34 | 34 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 11 | 15 | 29 | 19 | 16 | 4 | 7 | 39 | 29 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 25 | 20 | 37 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 47 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 10 | 15 | 29 | 19 | 17 | 4 | 7 | 40 | 28 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 12 | 29 | 26 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 50 | 20 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 7 | 13 | 33 | 28 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 46 | 20 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 1 | 8 | 27 | 29 | 28 | 0 | 7 | 62 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 13 | 30 | 26 | 18 | 1 | 4 | 46 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 10 | 16 | 36 | 21 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 36 | 27 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 6 | 10 | 27 | 28 | 22 | 1 | 6 | 54 | 18 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 6 | 13 | 33 | 26 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 45 | 20 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 11 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 50 | 20 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 6 | 7 | 19 | 36 | 28 | 0 | 4 | 68 | 13 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 12 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 5 | 48 | 20 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 7 | 11 | 24 | 28 | 25 | 0 | 5 | 55 | 19 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 12 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 1 | 5 | 49 | 20 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 8 | 11 | 29 | 27 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 48 | 21 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 12 | 29 | 26 | 21 | 0 | 5 | 50 | 20 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 13 | 9 | 37 | 17 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 31 | 26 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 7 | 12 | 29 | 27 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 50 | 20 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 7 | 13 | 33 | 28 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 46 | 20 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 7 | 11 | 28 | 26 | 22 | 1 | 5 | 50 | 19 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 15 | 13 | 25 | 34 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 45 | 29 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 11 | 29 | 26 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 50 | 19 | 810 |
My Work Unit
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 30 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 69 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 27 | 29 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 67 | 15 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 26 | 28 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 70 | 9 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 28 | 30 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 68 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 25 | 29 | 21 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 64 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 29 | 30 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 70 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 17 | 36 | 21 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 65 | 10 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 29 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 69 | 11 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 37 | 33 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 78 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 27 | 29 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 68 | 12 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 31 | 26 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 69 | 15 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 27 | 30 | 18 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 69 | 10 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 33 | 28 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 69 | 13 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 27 | 30 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 69 | 11 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 31 | 22 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 67 | 11 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 30 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 69 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 27 | 30 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 67 | 14 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 30 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 69 | 11 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 26 | 37 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 69 | 19 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 28 | 29 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 69 | 11 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 54 | 29 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 54 | 28 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 54 | 31 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 87 | 5 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 55 | 28 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 46 | 34 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 82 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 57 | 27 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 8 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 79 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 55 | 28 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 8 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 71 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 53 | 29 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 62 | 22 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 53 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 61 | 23 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 53 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 46 | 31 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 13 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 28 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 54 | 28 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 29 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 42 | 36 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 55 | 28 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 59 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 58 | 30 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 58 | 33 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 3 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 59 | 28 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 7 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 56 | 28 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 7 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 60 | 29 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 6 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 47 | 35 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 9 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 60 | 28 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 30 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 93 | 3 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 59 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 66 | 25 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 7 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 58 | 30 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 66 | 24 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 4 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 58 | 30 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 52 | 35 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 10 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 59 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 58 | 30 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 60 | 28 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 46 | 33 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 60 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 5 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 53 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 50 | 33 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 51 | 34 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 87 | 4 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 53 | 31 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 5 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 50 | 34 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 86 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 54 | 31 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 33 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 80 | 8 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 54 | 31 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 68 | 24 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 2 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 52 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 5 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 58 | 25 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 83 | 6 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 33 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 56 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 52 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 46 | 44 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 53 | 31 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 50 | 33 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 53 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 48 | 32 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 53 | 32 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 4 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 30 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 62 | 21 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 41 | 27 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 78 | 9 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 25 | 23 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 53 | 30 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 32 | 26 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 65 | 18 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 27 | 32 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 65 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 23 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 62 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 35 | 27 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 67 | 21 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 30 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 62 | 21 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 23 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 78 | 10 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 25 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 61 | 22 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 29 | 19 | 15 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 61 | 20 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 31 | 26 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 63 | 21 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 37 | 23 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 65 | 22 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 62 | 21 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 30 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 6 | 22 | 0 | 61 | 26 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 63 | 21 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 40 | 26 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 78 | 10 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 29 | 26 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 62 | 21 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 23 | 17 | 12 | 21 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 47 | 39 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 31 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 63 | 20 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 30 | 24 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 62 | 22 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 40 | 27 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 77 | 10 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 20 | 26 | 13 | 19 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 51 | 34 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 33 | 24 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 65 | 19 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 30 | 27 | 18 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 30 | 24 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 61 | 24 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 37 | 26 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 69 | 22 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 24 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 61 | 23 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 48 | 24 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 79 | 10 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 24 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 60 | 23 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 29 | 20 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 62 | 22 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 30 | 25 | 14 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 62 | 23 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 36 | 23 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 63 | 22 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 25 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 61 | 23 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 30 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 25 | 0 | 63 | 23 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 25 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 62 | 22 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 39 | 27 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 77 | 10 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 29 | 25 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 61 | 23 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 41 | 39 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 30 | 25 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 63 | 22 | 810 |
My Immediate Supervisor
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 47 | 27 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 80 | 8 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 48 | 29 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 83 | 6 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 38 | 29 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 76 | 9 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 49 | 27 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 82 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 44 | 30 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 79 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 47 | 27 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 81 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 42 | 34 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 83 | 6 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 47 | 27 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 80 | 8 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 55 | 22 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 91 | 2 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 46 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 80 | 8 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 51 | 21 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 77 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 46 | 29 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 81 | 8 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 52 | 29 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 86 | 6 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 45 | 27 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 79 | 8 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 47 | 23 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 12 | 80 | 9 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 47 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 80 | 8 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 48 | 29 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 82 | 6 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 47 | 27 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 81 | 7 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 54 | 25 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 7 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 80 | 8 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 54 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 8 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 45 | 33 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 54 | 30 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 86 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 54 | 29 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 8 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 49 | 31 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 55 | 28 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 50 | 30 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 54 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 7 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 56 | 29 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 8 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 61 | 22 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 31 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 56 | 27 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 6 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 53 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 8 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 54 | 25 | 11 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 81 | 8 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 8 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 45 | 33 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 7 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 40 | 41 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 6 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 54 | 28 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 8 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 56 | 24 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 54 | 24 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 80 | 8 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 53 | 24 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 82 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 57 | 23 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 53 | 28 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 82 | 7 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 57 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 64 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 86 | 9 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 56 | 24 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 65 | 27 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 56 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 81 | 7 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 61 | 16 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 78 | 10 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 55 | 25 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 56 | 22 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 80 | 9 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 56 | 24 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 55 | 30 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 90 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 56 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 55 | 24 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 81 | 8 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 55 | 24 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 51 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 78 | 9 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 57 | 23 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 82 | 7 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 55 | 28 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 53 | 30 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 52 | 30 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 84 | 5 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 56 | 27 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 52 | 32 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 56 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 6 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 54 | 28 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 9 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 55 | 28 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 24 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 55 | 28 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 62 | 20 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 6 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 54 | 29 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 57 | 26 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 8 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 55 | 28 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 48 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 78 | 11 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 28 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 53 | 30 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 55 | 28 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 48 | 31 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 56 | 27 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 64 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 87 | 6 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 64 | 22 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 89 | 6 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 63 | 23 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 89 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 64 | 20 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 87 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 68 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 89 | 3 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 63 | 21 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 87 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 62 | 27 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 89 | 5 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 64 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 87 | 6 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 70 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 89 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 64 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 87 | 6 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 64 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 84 | 9 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 64 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 88 | 6 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 63 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 86 | 8 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 64 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 88 | 6 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 61 | 27 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 90 | 7 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 64 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 87 | 6 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 64 | 22 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 89 | 6 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 64 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 88 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 53 | 29 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 85 | 10 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 65 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 88 | 6 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 59 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 56 | 27 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 57 | 30 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 88 | 3 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 60 | 24 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 56 | 26 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 60 | 25 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 62 | 25 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 59 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 68 | 25 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 59 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 8 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 66 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 11 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 58 | 28 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 7 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 58 | 27 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 9 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 60 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 57 | 22 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 82 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 59 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 56 | 27 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 60 | 26 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 48 | 33 | 7 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 13 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 60 | 25 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 83 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 83 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 81 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 3 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 83 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 84 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 96 | 2 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 82 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 3 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 81 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 93 | 2 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 83 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 87 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 82 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 2 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 81 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 93 | 5 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 83 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 2 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 86 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 1 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 82 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 3 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 79 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 95 | 0 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 83 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 83 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 3 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 83 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 96 | 2 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 78 | 16 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 95 | 0 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 83 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 3 | 810 |
Senior Management
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 37 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 15 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 33 | 30 | 13 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 69 | 17 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 38 | 30 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 37 | 26 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 69 | 16 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 29 | 26 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 15 | 0 | 65 | 15 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 39 | 27 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 35 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 69 | 13 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 38 | 26 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 15 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 52 | 22 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 76 | 12 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 36 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 15 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 46 | 21 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 73 | 16 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 28 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 38 | 25 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 68 | 19 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 49 | 18 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 73 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 37 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 15 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 33 | 30 | 13 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 69 | 17 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 37 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 72 | 14 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 30 | 29 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 65 | 24 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 38 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 33 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 17 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 27 | 32 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 24 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 30 | 19 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 68 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 33 | 29 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 64 | 18 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 24 | 29 | 22 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 57 | 19 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 35 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 27 | 30 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 60 | 15 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 34 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 17 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 40 | 38 | 12 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 80 | 8 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 33 | 28 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 17 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 41 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 20 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 31 | 31 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 16 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 32 | 34 | 10 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 67 | 23 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 33 | 28 | 19 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 16 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 30 | 34 | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 33 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 17 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 27 | 32 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 24 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 33 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 16 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 32 | 27 | 20 | 8 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 61 | 19 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 33 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 65 | 17 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 27 | 27 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 59 | 20 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 19 | 29 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 51 | 30 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 30 | 29 | 20 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 66 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 27 | 26 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 57 | 22 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 21 | 24 | 21 | 18 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 49 | 27 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 29 | 28 | 19 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 61 | 18 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 24 | 25 | 28 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 53 | 18 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 28 | 27 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 59 | 20 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 38 | 28 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 16 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 27 | 27 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 58 | 20 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 33 | 22 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 61 | 20 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 26 | 28 | 20 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 58 | 20 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 24 | 31 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 59 | 25 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 28 | 26 | 21 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 59 | 19 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 22 | 28 | 13 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 52 | 18 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 27 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 59 | 20 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 19 | 29 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 51 | 29 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 27 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 60 | 20 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 28 | 29 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 61 | 24 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 27 | 27 | 20 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 59 | 20 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 30 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 22 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 18 | 31 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 51 | 31 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 32 | 37 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 72 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 27 | 28 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 56 | 24 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 20 | 31 | 19 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 52 | 28 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 30 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 62 | 20 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 22 | 29 | 29 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 17 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 30 | 17 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 22 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 47 | 19 | 15 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 67 | 18 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 27 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 59 | 22 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 33 | 24 | 18 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 59 | 23 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 27 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 21 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 25 | 28 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 55 | 29 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 30 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 20 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 25 | 21 | 18 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 29 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 30 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 22 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 18 | 31 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 51 | 31 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 29 | 29 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 22 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 24 | 32 | 15 | 11 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 58 | 26 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 28 | 30 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 22 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 54 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 5 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 47 | 29 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 78 | 8 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 50 | 26 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 77 | 8 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 55 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 85 | 4 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 55 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 87 | 2 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 54 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 82 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 44 | 31 | 13 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 80 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 55 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 22 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 62 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 28 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 83 | 5 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 56 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 93 | 2 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 53 | 25 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 82 | 6 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 56 | 32 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 91 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 5 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 47 | 29 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 78 | 8 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 51 | 31 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 85 | 6 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 54 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 5 | 810 |
My Organization (Department or Agency)
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 32 | 40 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 13 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 25 | 44 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 36 | 42 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 79 | 6 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 31 | 39 | 15 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 23 | 46 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 69 | 13 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 35 | 38 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 74 | 13 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 26 | 39 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 18 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 33 | 40 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 44 | 32 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 14 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 31 | 40 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 72 | 13 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 36 | 33 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 71 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 31 | 41 | 15 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 36 | 35 | 12 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 72 | 16 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 31 | 41 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 53 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 32 | 39 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 72 | 13 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 25 | 44 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 32 | 40 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 24 | 44 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 15 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 33 | 40 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 13 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 21 | 30 | 21 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 33 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 34 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 21 | 39 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 21 | 27 | 21 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 50 | 29 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 16 | 25 | 25 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 42 | 33 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 22 | 32 | 20 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 56 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 24 | 25 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 51 | 24 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 21 | 31 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 27 | 28 | 23 | 8 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 22 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 30 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 26 | 28 | 18 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 57 | 24 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 30 | 22 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 52 | 25 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 18 | 32 | 18 | 21 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 50 | 32 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 21 | 30 | 22 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 53 | 24 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 10 | 34 | 23 | 17 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 44 | 32 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 21 | 30 | 21 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 13 | 33 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 34 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 21 | 30 | 22 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 18 | 28 | 22 | 14 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 31 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 21 | 30 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 53 | 25 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 30 | 39 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 28 | 40 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 71 | 15 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 33 | 42 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 78 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 29 | 38 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 71 | 13 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 26 | 37 | 20 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 67 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 39 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 28 | 38 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 70 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 30 | 39 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 12 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 31 | 41 | 15 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 30 | 38 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 33 | 36 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 74 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 39 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 29 | 37 | 17 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 68 | 14 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 30 | 39 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 73 | 12 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 30 | 26 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 68 | 19 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 39 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 28 | 40 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 70 | 15 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 30 | 39 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 73 | 13 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 32 | 47 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 30 | 38 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 72 | 12 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 35 | 35 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 9 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 31 | 40 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 10 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 38 | 38 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 80 | 5 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 35 | 34 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 30 | 34 | 26 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 66 | 7 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 35 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 9 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 35 | 28 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 65 | 6 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 35 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 9 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 48 | 27 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 35 | 35 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 9 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 45 | 28 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 74 | 10 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 33 | 36 | 20 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 71 | 8 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 30 | 39 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 34 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 8 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 31 | 35 | 19 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 69 | 10 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 36 | 35 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 9 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 31 | 40 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 10 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 35 | 35 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 9 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 33 | 31 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 66 | 21 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 36 | 35 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 72 | 8 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 23 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 23 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 19 | 26 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 25 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 22 | 27 | 19 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 2 | 58 | 21 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 23 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 52 | 24 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 20 | 21 | 25 | 14 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 47 | 24 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 24 | 23 | 19 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 55 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 25 | 25 | 19 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 57 | 21 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 23 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 23 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 34 | 24 | 17 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 63 | 18 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 22 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 52 | 23 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 24 | 18 | 21 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 49 | 27 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 23 | 24 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 54 | 22 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 25 | 21 | 21 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 52 | 24 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 22 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 23 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 18 | 13 | 20 | 7 | 13 | 28 | 3 | 44 | 28 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 23 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 53 | 23 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 20 | 26 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 25 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 22 | 23 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 22 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 12 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 24 | 12 | 10 | 52 | 37 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 23 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 53 | 22 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 31 | 30 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 19 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 35 | 18 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 19 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 32 | 34 | 15 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 69 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 29 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 20 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 27 | 28 | 21 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 20 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 32 | 30 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 64 | 18 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 31 | 29 | 21 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 63 | 15 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 31 | 30 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 19 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 47 | 21 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 13 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 31 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 62 | 19 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 27 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 66 | 20 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 31 | 19 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 62 | 18 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 25 | 31 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 57 | 24 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 32 | 30 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 64 | 18 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 21 | 35 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 19 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 31 | 30 | 18 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 63 | 19 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 26 | 35 | 18 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 19 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 30 | 30 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 62 | 19 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 22 | 27 | 18 | 13 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 30 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 31 | 30 | 18 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 18 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 24 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 52 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 43 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 46 | 54 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 45 | 20 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 52 | 48 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 43 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 46 | 54 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 39 | 30 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 42 | 58 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 49 | 51 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 51 | 25 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 53 | 47 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 43 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 47 | 53 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 48 | 24 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 50 | 50 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 24 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 47 | 53 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 44 | 22 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 50 | 50 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 44 | 24 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 47 | 53 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 50 | 21 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 52 | 48 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 43 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 47 | 53 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 39 | 28 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 42 | 58 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 52 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 43 | 25 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 45 | 55 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 45 | 24 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 49 | 51 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 26 | 31 | 14 | 18 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 27 | 73 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 24 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 49 | 51 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 54 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 64 | 36 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 61 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 72 | 28 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 58 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 72 | 28 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 53 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 62 | 38 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 40 | 16 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 49 | 51 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 58 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 68 | 32 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 51 | 19 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 60 | 40 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 55 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 64 | 36 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 64 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 8 | 70 | 30 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 64 | 36 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 64 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 75 | 25 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 62 | 38 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 57 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 62 | 38 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 54 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 64 | 36 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 61 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 72 | 28 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 64 | 36 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 61 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 72 | 28 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 63 | 37 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 45 | 10 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 18 | 58 | 42 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 55 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 64 | 36 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 61 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 74 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 82 | 18 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 51 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 65 | 35 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 64 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 61 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 73 | 27 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 61 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 72 | 28 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 64 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 75 | 25 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 61 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 72 | 28 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 70 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 80 | 20 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 60 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 66 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 75 | 25 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 60 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 66 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 76 | 24 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 60 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 64 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 79 | 21 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 61 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 73 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 82 | 18 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 60 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 41 | 20 | 13 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 48 | 52 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 62 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 68 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 84 | 16 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 73 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 86 | 14 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 65 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 86 | 14 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 69 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 83 | 17 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 63 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 19 | 80 | 20 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 69 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 84 | 16 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 66 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 79 | 21 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 68 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 84 | 16 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 70 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 86 | 14 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 68 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 83 | 17 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 73 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 82 | 18 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 67 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 84 | 16 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 74 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 89 | 11 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 67 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 83 | 17 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 73 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 87 | 13 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 68 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 83 | 17 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 73 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 86 | 14 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 68 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 84 | 16 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 59 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 16 | 70 | 30 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 69 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 84 | 16 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 70 | 30 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 65 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 74 | 26 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 61 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 76 | 24 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 58 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 69 | 31 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 59 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 74 | 26 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 59 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 70 | 30 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 61 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 68 | 32 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 29 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 59 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 64 | 36 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 29 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 55 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 63 | 37 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 60 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 72 | 28 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 60 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 73 | 27 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 59 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 70 | 30 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 56 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 19 | 70 | 30 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 70 | 30 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 65 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 73 | 27 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 29 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 54 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 61 | 39 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 59 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 29 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 24 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 29 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 20 | 34 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 55 | 32 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 26 | 25 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 53 | 32 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 24 | 29 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 56 | 29 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 18 | 30 | 19 | 13 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 50 | 30 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 26 | 28 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 56 | 29 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 28 | 27 | 18 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 58 | 22 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 24 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 30 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 34 | 28 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 66 | 21 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 24 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 54 | 30 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 27 | 27 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 59 | 26 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 24 | 29 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 54 | 30 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 22 | 31 | 13 | 11 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 54 | 33 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 25 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 29 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 37 | 15 | 14 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 68 | 15 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 24 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 30 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 20 | 34 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 56 | 31 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 24 | 27 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 54 | 30 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 23 | 22 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 48 | 40 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 24 | 29 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 29 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 24 | 36 | 20 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 14 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 23 | 40 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 65 | 15 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 22 | 38 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 66 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 25 | 36 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 21 | 35 | 25 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 60 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 25 | 37 | 19 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 65 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 26 | 25 | 19 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 59 | 20 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 24 | 37 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 65 | 14 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 30 | 41 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 72 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 24 | 36 | 21 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 14 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 29 | 36 | 18 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 68 | 13 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 23 | 36 | 21 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 63 | 14 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 24 | 38 | 15 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 21 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 24 | 36 | 21 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 13 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 12 | 45 | 25 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 63 | 10 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 24 | 36 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 14 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 23 | 39 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 65 | 15 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 24 | 36 | 20 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 14 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 21 | 37 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 59 | 22 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 24 | 36 | 21 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 64 | 14 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 34 | 37 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 33 | 39 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 74 | 13 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 38 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 77 | 8 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 34 | 37 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 74 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 31 | 39 | 18 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 73 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 35 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 32 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 72 | 10 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 34 | 37 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 33 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 33 | 37 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 39 | 31 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 15 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 33 | 38 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 31 | 36 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 68 | 19 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 37 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 76 | 10 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 31 | 53 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 87 | 8 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 34 | 36 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 33 | 38 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 74 | 13 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 34 | 37 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 11 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 23 | 40 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 66 | 21 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 37 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 11 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 36 | 34 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 37 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 80 | 8 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 38 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 77 | 11 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 36 | 33 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 33 | 37 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 36 | 33 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 35 | 35 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 34 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 39 | 34 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 79 | 11 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 36 | 34 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 32 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 76 | 9 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 36 | 35 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 12 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 28 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 76 | 15 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 35 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 75 | 11 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 33 | 28 | 11 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 64 | 24 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 36 | 34 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 11 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 37 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 80 | 8 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 36 | 33 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 74 | 12 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 25 | 32 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 63 | 18 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 36 | 34 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 76 | 11 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 20 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 16 | 1 | 59 | 16 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 30 | 27 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 1 | 70 | 7 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 26 | 19 | 20 | 11 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 55 | 20 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 29 | 21 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 16 | 1 | 60 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 24 | 21 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 53 | 16 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 29 | 20 | 20 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 60 | 16 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 34 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 26 | 0 | 68 | 20 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 27 | 21 | 23 | 8 | 4 | 15 | 1 | 58 | 15 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 26 | 23 | 25 | 11 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 56 | 15 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 28 | 20 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 59 | 16 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 32 | 19 | 21 | 5 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 61 | 13 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 27 | 21 | 21 | 9 | 5 | 17 | 0 | 58 | 16 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 34 | 21 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 65 | 12 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 27 | 20 | 22 | 9 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 57 | 16 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 20 | 33 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 27 | 0 | 72 | 3 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 20 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 16 | 1 | 58 | 16 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 30 | 26 | 19 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 1 | 69 | 7 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 21 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 16 | 1 | 59 | 16 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 45 | 32 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 28 | 21 | 21 | 8 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 59 | 15 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 32 | 31 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 18 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 41 | 33 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 83 | 8 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 28 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 63 | 24 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 33 | 31 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 69 | 17 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 33 | 31 | 17 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 68 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 32 | 31 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 19 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 33 | 36 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 74 | 16 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 32 | 30 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 19 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 43 | 35 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 8 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 32 | 30 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 66 | 19 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 35 | 26 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 66 | 20 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 32 | 32 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 68 | 18 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 32 | 33 | 12 | 7 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 68 | 19 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 32 | 30 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 67 | 18 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 26 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 62 | 17 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 32 | 31 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 68 | 18 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 41 | 32 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 82 | 9 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 32 | 31 | 14 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 18 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 26 | 21 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 51 | 31 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 33 | 31 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 68 | 18 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 33 | 8 | 19 | 58 | 21 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 2 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 42 | 7 | 30 | 78 | 8 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 9 | 10 | 16 | 14 | 24 | 8 | 19 | 53 | 25 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 6 | 9 | 15 | 9 | 35 | 8 | 19 | 60 | 20 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 6 | 10 | 17 | 12 | 34 | 8 | 12 | 58 | 20 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 8 | 14 | 10 | 32 | 8 | 20 | 59 | 21 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 8 | 7 | 15 | 8 | 35 | 6 | 22 | 59 | 21 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 6 | 9 | 15 | 11 | 32 | 8 | 18 | 58 | 21 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 3 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 39 | 2 | 28 | 71 | 12 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 32 | 8 | 18 | 58 | 22 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 4 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 30 | 9 | 28 | 59 | 23 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 9 | 16 | 11 | 33 | 8 | 16 | 58 | 21 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 8 | 9 | 15 | 9 | 40 | 9 | 10 | 61 | 21 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 6 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 31 | 8 | 20 | 58 | 21 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 4 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 44 | 7 | 13 | 72 | 16 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 7 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 32 | 8 | 19 | 58 | 21 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 2 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 42 | 7 | 30 | 78 | 8 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 7 | 9 | 16 | 10 | 31 | 8 | 19 | 57 | 22 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 11 | 10 | 22 | 8 | 26 | 7 | 18 | 44 | 27 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 6 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 33 | 8 | 19 | 59 | 21 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 13 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 35 | 4 | 46 | 16 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 9 | 16 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 7 | 47 | 14 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 14 | 20 | 16 | 4 | 5 | 39 | 3 | 59 | 14 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 12 | 13 | 25 | 4 | 6 | 34 | 5 | 42 | 17 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 12 | 17 | 26 | 4 | 6 | 33 | 3 | 45 | 15 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 14 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 35 | 4 | 46 | 17 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 10 | 9 | 26 | 0 | 7 | 44 | 4 | 36 | 14 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 16 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 34 | 4 | 46 | 17 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 17 | 24 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 57 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 14 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 35 | 4 | 45 | 17 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 13 | 5 | 26 | 4 | 7 | 34 | 9 | 33 | 21 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 17 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 35 | 3 | 48 | 16 | 700 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 14 | 14 | 26 | 5 | 6 | 30 | 4 | 43 | 17 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 13 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 36 | 4 | 46 | 16 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 7 | 21 | 17 | 3 | 5 | 44 | 3 | 54 | 15 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 6 | 35 | 4 | 45 | 16 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 16 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 7 | 47 | 15 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 14 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 5 | 34 | 4 | 47 | 15 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 7 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 31 | 4 | 28 | 47 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 13 | 15 | 24 | 3 | 5 | 35 | 4 | 47 | 15 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 51 | 35 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 46 | 36 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 10 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 50 | 41 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 51 | 33 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 46 | 39 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 52 | 33 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 48 | 39 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 89 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 51 | 34 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 75 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 49 | 36 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 7 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 52 | 30 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 84 | 9 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 50 | 36 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 55 | 28 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 8 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 50 | 36 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 47 | 34 | 13 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 6 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 51 | 35 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 47 | 36 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 10 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 51 | 35 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 33 | 35 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 16 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 52 | 35 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 6 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 46 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 38 | 36 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 46 | 38 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 45 | 30 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 39 | 34 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 47 | 31 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 9 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 44 | 35 | 14 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 6 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 46 | 32 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 65 | 24 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 10 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 32 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 9 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 47 | 28 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 77 | 11 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 45 | 33 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 9 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 49 | 27 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 76 | 12 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 45 | 33 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 9 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 45 | 27 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 5 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 46 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 38 | 36 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 45 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 35 | 29 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 22 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 9 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 42 | 34 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 10 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 39 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 13 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 41 | 42 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 42 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 36 | 38 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 43 | 33 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 34 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 76 | 6 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 42 | 34 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 23 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 11 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 40 | 35 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 10 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 45 | 30 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 76 | 12 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 41 | 35 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 10 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 42 | 29 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 15 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 42 | 35 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 9 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 44 | 23 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 9 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 42 | 35 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 39 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 13 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 42 | 34 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 10 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 30 | 33 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 23 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 42 | 34 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 9 | 810 |
Mobility and Retention
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 38 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 27 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 65 | 18 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 34 | 30 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 68 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 39 | 25 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 35 | 29 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 14 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 39 | 25 | 15 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 67 | 17 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 37 | 34 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 77 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 38 | 25 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 66 | 17 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 53 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 18 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 37 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 40 | 23 | 15 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 67 | 18 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 37 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 20 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 65 | 20 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 27 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 15 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 41 | 16 | 23 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 63 | 13 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 38 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 16 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 27 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 17 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 37 | 26 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 66 | 17 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 29 | 26 | 25 | 8 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 20 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 38 | 26 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 68 | 16 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Unsure (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 34 | 36 | 30 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 36 | 29 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 39 | 34 | 27 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 33 | 36 | 31 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 26 | 45 | 29 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 33 | 30 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 31 | 31 | 38 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 35 | 36 | 29 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 42 | 34 | 24 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 34 | 36 | 30 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 34 | 34 | 31 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 34 | 36 | 30 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 34 | 33 | 34 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 36 | 29 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 39 | 42 | 19 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 34 | 35 | 30 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 36 | 29 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 34 | 36 | 30 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 43 | 19 | 38 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 34 | 37 | 30 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | To retire (%) |
To pursue another position within my department or agency (%) |
To pursue a position in another department or agency (%) |
To pursue a position outside the federal public service (%) |
End of my term, casual or student employment (%) |
Other reason (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 5 | 37 | 32 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 290 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 34 | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 760 |
| 2024 | Black | 3 | 43 | 30 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 6 | 35 | 33 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 220 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 11 | 26 | 35 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 4 | 39 | 31 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 245 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 3 | 60 | 9 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 5 | 35 | 34 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 270 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 0 | 38 | 28 | 5 | 21 | 8 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 37 | 32 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 270 |
| 2024 | Arab | 7 | 36 | 36 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 5 | 37 | 31 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 240 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 30 | 42 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 6 | 38 | 30 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 240 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 10 | 24 | 43 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 5 | 38 | 31 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 280 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 34 | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 790 |
| 2024 | Not White | 6 | 36 | 32 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 265 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 6 | 31 | 33 | 18 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 5 | 38 | 32 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 270 |
Harassment
Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment refers to any action, conduct or comment, including of a sexual nature, that can reasonably be expected to cause offence, humiliation or other physical or psychological injury or illness to an employee, including any prescribed action, conduct or comment.| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 8 | 92 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 8 | 92 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 10 | 90 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 9 | 91 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 90 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 15 | 85 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 8 | 92 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 10 | 90 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 10 | 90 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 7 | 93 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 715 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 10 | 90 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 8 | 92 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 26 | 74 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 9 | 91 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 49 | 51 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 47 | 53 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 40 | 60 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 51 | 49 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 51 | 49 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 48 | 52 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 64 | 36 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 46 | 54 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 49 | 51 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 54 | 46 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 48 | 52 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 40 | 60 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 50 | 50 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 49 | 51 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 47 | 53 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 48 | 52 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 49 | 51 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 49 | 51 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 62 | 38 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 58 | 42 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 61 | 39 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 62 | 38 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 53 | 47 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 64 | 36 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 57 | 43 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 63 | 37 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 62 | 38 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 66 | 34 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 61 | 39 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 93 | 7 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 57 | 43 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 62 | 38 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 58 | 42 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 63 | 37 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 64 | 36 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 61 | 39 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 12 | 88 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 89 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 0 | 100 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 0 | 100 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 93 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 3 | 97 | 195 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 8 | 92 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 205 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 11 | 89 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 4 | 96 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 87 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 9 | 91 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 8 | 92 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 3 | 97 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 3 | 97 | 205 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 38 | 62 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 65 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 45 | 55 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 36 | 64 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 42 | 58 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 39 | 61 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 52 | 48 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 65 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 60 | 40 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 65 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 37 | 63 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 65 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 38 | 62 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 60 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 46 | 54 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 35 | 65 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 42 | 58 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 48 | 52 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 41 | 59 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 48 | 52 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 48 | 52 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 46 | 54 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 60 | 40 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 44 | 56 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 44 | 56 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 47 | 53 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 45 | 55 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 65 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 46 | 54 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 47 | 53 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 54 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 41 | 59 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 42 | 58 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 39 | 61 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 42 | 58 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 28 | 72 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 55 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 55 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 41 | 59 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 45 | 55 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 41 | 59 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 59 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 41 | 59 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 43 | 57 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 37 | 63 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 79 | 21 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 65 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 47 | 53 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 39 | 61 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 57 | 43 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 56 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 53 | 47 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 55 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 50 | 50 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 50 | 50 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 55 | 45 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 45 | 55 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 42 | 58 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 48 | 52 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 45 | 55 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 39 | 61 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 47 | 53 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 52 | 48 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 54 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 32 | 68 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 33 | 67 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 42 | 58 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 70 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 63 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 64 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 31 | 69 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 36 | 64 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 32 | 68 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 33 | 67 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 32 | 68 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 33 | 67 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 33 | 67 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 36 | 64 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 32 | 68 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 54 | 46 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 54 | 46 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 69 | 31 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 50 | 50 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 56 | 44 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 53 | 47 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 54 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 55 | 45 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 56 | 44 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 55 | 45 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 54 | 46 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 56 | 44 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 45 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 53 | 47 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 55 | 45 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 70 | 30 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 51 | 49 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 72 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 64 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 29 | 71 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 34 | 66 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 26 | 74 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 71 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 30 | 70 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 27 | 73 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 30 | 70 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 26 | 74 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 64 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 72 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 29 | 71 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 0 | 100 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 0 | 100 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 5 | 95 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 6 | 94 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 5 | 95 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 10 | 90 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 56 | 44 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 43 | 57 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 50 | 50 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 58 | 42 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 62 | 38 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 63 | 37 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 46 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 55 | 45 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 57 | 43 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 82 | 18 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 53 | 47 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 45 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 45 | 55 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 53 | 47 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 77 | 23 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 53 | 47 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 21 | 79 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 16 | 84 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 20 | 80 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 19 | 81 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 18 | 82 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 21 | 79 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 21 | 79 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 21 | 79 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 21 | 79 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 17 | 83 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 22 | 78 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 18 | 82 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 17 | 83 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 20 | 80 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 33 | 67 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 14 | 86 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 15 | 85 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 21 | 79 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 16 | 84 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 17 | 83 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 41 | 59 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 59 | 41 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 45 | 55 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 40 | 60 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 40 | 60 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 41 | 59 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 54 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 60 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 41 | 59 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 49 | 51 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 39 | 61 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 41 | 59 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 57 | 43 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 43 | 57 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 55 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 74 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 28 | 72 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 16 | 84 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 18 | 82 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 18 | 82 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 17 | 83 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 21 | 79 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 18 | 82 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 25 | 75 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 20 | 80 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 195 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 89 | 205 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 11 | 89 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 87 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 12 | 88 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 14 | 86 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 13 | 87 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 85 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 8 | 92 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 8 | 92 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 0 | 100 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 205 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 13 | 87 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 15 | 85 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 87 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 87 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 88 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 15 | 85 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 9 | 91 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 21 | 79 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 32 | 68 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 15 | 85 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 18 | 82 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 19 | 81 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 10 | 90 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 36 | 64 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 30 | 70 | 195 |
| 2024 | Black | 41 | 59 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 34 | 66 | 70 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 28 | 72 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 38 | 62 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 37 | 63 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 35 | 65 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 38 | 62 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 65 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 36 | 64 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 37 | 63 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 31 | 69 | 205 |
| 2024 | Not White | 34 | 66 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 42 | 58 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 65 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 93 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 90 | 180 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 9 | 91 | 70 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 8 | 92 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 7 | 93 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 91 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 27 | 73 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 74 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 31 | 69 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 43 | 57 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 23 | 77 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 59 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 24 | 76 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 25 | 75 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 32 | 68 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 26 | 74 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 31 | 69 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 72 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 26 | 74 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 27 | 73 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 28 | 72 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 180 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 10 | 90 | 190 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 5 | 95 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 180 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| 2024 | White | 7 | 93 | 190 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 90 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 7 | 93 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 8 | 92 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 10 | 90 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 14 | 86 | 180 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 89 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 8 | 92 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 7 | 93 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 7 | 93 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 9 | 91 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 10 | 90 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 7 | 93 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 20 | 80 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 85 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 23 | 77 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 19 | 81 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 21 | 79 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 49 | 51 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 15 | 85 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 20 | 80 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 15 | 85 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 20 | 80 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 16 | 84 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 12 | 88 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 81 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 27 | 73 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 14 | 86 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 16 | 84 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 15 | 85 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 17 | 83 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 88 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 17 | 83 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 15 | 85 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 30 | 70 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 27 | 73 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 32 | 68 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 28 | 72 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 30 | 70 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 31 | 69 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 34 | 66 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 71 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 71 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 70 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 27 | 73 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 31 | 69 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 40 | 60 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 29 | 71 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 89 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 89 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 42 | 58 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 41 | 59 | 180 |
| 2024 | Black | 45 | 55 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 41 | 59 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 38 | 62 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 43 | 57 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 54 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 43 | 57 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 52 | 48 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 40 | 60 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 44 | 56 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 42 | 58 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 40 | 60 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 56 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 50 | 50 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 60 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 55 | 45 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 54 | 46 | 180 |
| 2024 | Black | 43 | 57 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 58 | 42 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 69 | 31 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 51 | 49 | 70 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 65 | 35 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 53 | 47 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 57 | 43 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 54 | 46 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 55 | 45 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 58 | 42 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 54 | 46 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 45 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 54 | 46 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 46 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 76 | 24 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 51 | 49 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 4 | 96 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 4 | 96 | 190 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 14 | 86 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 87 | 180 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 16 | 84 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 15 | 85 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 16 | 84 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 15 | 85 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 190 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 15 | 9 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 13 | 51 | 18 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 12 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 42 | 12 | 57 | 18 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 16 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 5 | 42 | 13 | 55 | 14 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 15 | 9 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 37 | 13 | 49 | 19 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 14 | 12 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 38 | 9 | 50 | 14 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 16 | 9 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 14 | 51 | 19 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 22 | 8 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 40 | 8 | 57 | 11 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 15 | 10 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 14 | 50 | 19 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 23 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 25 | 19 | 53 | 21 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 15 | 10 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 50 | 18 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 11 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 35 | 19 | 44 | 25 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 16 | 9 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 38 | 12 | 52 | 17 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 18 | 10 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 38 | 10 | 53 | 20 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 15 | 9 | 16 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 14 | 50 | 18 | 715 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 16 | 9 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 13 | 51 | 18 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 42 | 12 | 57 | 18 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 16 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 37 | 13 | 51 | 17 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 13 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 40 | 13 | 43 | 30 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 15 | 10 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 38 | 13 | 51 | 17 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 29 | 27 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 10 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 28 | 33 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 74 | 10 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 30 | 26 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 21 | 0 | 71 | 8 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 29 | 27 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 68 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 24 | 29 | 26 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 61 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 30 | 26 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 18 | 3 | 71 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 31 | 25 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 20 | 1 | 71 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 27 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 69 | 11 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 50 | 21 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 77 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 28 | 27 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 3 | 68 | 11 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 29 | 25 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 7 | 73 | 16 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 27 | 19 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 68 | 9 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 27 | 30 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 3 | 70 | 9 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 26 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 11 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 26 | 35 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 21 | 3 | 81 | 9 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 29 | 26 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 10 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 28 | 32 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 73 | 11 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 29 | 28 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 70 | 10 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 30 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 13 | 20 | 5 | 61 | 25 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 29 | 27 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 10 | 810 |
Discrimination
Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 12 | 88 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 6 | 94 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 10 | 90 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 11 | 89 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 10 | 90 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 10 | 90 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 9 | 91 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 715 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 10 | 90 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 24 | 76 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 9 | 91 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 72 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 25 | 75 | 130 |
| 2024 | Black | 23 | 77 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 70 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 71 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 28 | 72 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 44 | 56 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 25 | 75 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 30 | 70 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 29 | 71 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 25 | 75 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 27 | 73 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 72 | 28 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 80 | 20 | 130 |
| 2024 | Black | 80 | 20 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 70 | 30 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 70 | 30 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 73 | 27 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 72 | 28 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 72 | 28 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 62 | 38 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 75 | 25 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 94 | 6 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 69 | 31 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 74 | 26 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 78 | 22 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 74 | 26 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 78 | 22 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 72 | 28 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 140 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 0 | 100 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 0 | 100 | 130 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 0 | 100 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 0 | 100 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 12 | 88 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 5 | 95 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 12 | 88 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 87 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 89 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 7 | 93 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 4 | 96 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 10 | 90 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 89 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 4 | 96 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 18 | 82 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 87 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 17 | 83 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 52 | 48 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 20 | 80 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 70 | 30 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 46 | 54 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 53 | 47 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 52 | 48 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 53 | 47 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 46 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 63 | 37 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 50 | 50 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 63 | 37 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 51 | 49 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 46 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 19 | 81 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 59 | 41 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 58 | 42 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 45 | 55 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 16 | 84 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 28 | 72 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 51 | 49 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 43 | 57 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 55 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 55 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 56 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 76 | 24 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 38 | 62 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 45 | 55 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 45 | 55 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 43 | 57 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 18 | 82 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 56 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 47 | 53 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 27 | 73 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 12 | 88 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 46 | 54 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 81 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 27 | 73 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 71 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 71 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 44 | 56 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 24 | 76 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 28 | 72 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 89 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 30 | 70 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 22 | 78 | 90 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 26 | 74 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 24 | 76 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 25 | 75 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 24 | 76 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Not White | 23 | 77 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 22 | 78 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 18 | 82 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 28 | 72 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 81 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 17 | 83 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 16 | 84 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 80 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 30 | 70 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 27 | 73 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 20 | 80 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 28 | 72 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 25 | 75 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 24 | 76 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 17 | 83 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 21 | 79 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 30 | 70 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 16 | 84 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 6 | 94 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 87 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 8 | 92 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 135 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 90 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 12 | 88 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 10 | 90 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 13 | 87 | 135 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 6 | 94 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 93 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 6 | 94 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 19 | 81 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 18 | 82 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 24 | 76 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 18 | 82 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 15 | 85 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 18 | 82 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 80 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 39 | 61 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 20 | 80 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 19 | 81 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 18 | 82 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 21 | 79 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 18 | 82 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 32 | 68 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 81 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 17 | 83 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 17 | 83 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 80 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 17 | 83 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 17 | 83 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 32 | 68 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 17 | 83 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 15 | 85 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 0 | 100 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 0 | 100 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 0 | 100 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 0 | 100 | 135 |
| 2024 | Not White | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 100 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 19 | 81 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 31 | 69 | 130 |
| 2024 | Black | 24 | 76 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 17 | 83 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 18 | 82 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 19 | 81 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 27 | 73 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 17 | 83 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 19 | 81 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 17 | 83 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 30 | 70 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 8 | 92 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 15 | 85 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 9 | 91 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 7 | 93 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 87 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 88 | 140 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 14 | 86 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 16 | 84 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 87 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 16 | 84 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 14 | 86 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 14 | 86 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 15 | 85 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 87 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 17 | 83 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 6 | 94 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 90 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 94 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 6 | 94 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 91 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 6 | 94 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 140 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 8 | 92 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 91 | 140 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 130 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 12 | 88 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 85 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 9 | 91 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 89 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 63 | 37 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 48 | 52 | 130 |
| 2024 | Black | 63 | 37 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 63 | 37 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 45 | 55 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 66 | 34 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 61 | 39 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 63 | 37 | 85 |
| 2024 | Arab | 61 | 39 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 63 | 37 | 75 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 79 | 21 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 60 | 40 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 65 | 35 | 90 |
| 2024 | White | 48 | 52 | 140 |
| 2024 | Not White | 65 | 35 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 53 | 47 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 64 | 36 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 93 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 5 | 95 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 6 | 94 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 20 | 80 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 87 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 22 | 78 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 40 | 60 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 16 | 84 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 18 | 82 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 80 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 80 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 22 | 78 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 20 | 80 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 86 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 19 | 81 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 18 | 82 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | White | 4 | 96 | 130 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 100 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 0 | 100 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 5 | 95 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 4 | 96 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 0 | 100 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 7 | 93 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 6 | 94 | 75 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 130 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 93 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 5 | 95 | 125 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 8 | 92 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 8 | 92 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 6 | 94 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 7 | 93 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 5 | 95 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 92 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 12 | 88 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 12 | 88 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 87 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 87 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 15 | 85 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 39 | 61 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 12 | 88 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 12 | 88 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 90 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 9 | 91 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 12 | 88 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 87 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 89 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 87 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 12 | 88 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 10 | 90 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 28 | 72 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 74 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 25 | 75 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 29 | 71 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 30 | 70 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 71 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 26 | 74 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 47 | 53 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 25 | 75 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 27 | 73 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 26 | 74 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 27 | 73 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 10 | 90 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 11 | 89 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 89 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 9 | 91 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 10 | 90 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 10 | 90 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 89 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 89 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 12 | 88 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 11 | 89 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 39 | 61 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 41 | 59 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 43 | 57 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 37 | 63 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 41 | 59 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 43 | 57 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 37 | 63 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 48 | 52 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 37 | 63 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 64 | 36 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 34 | 66 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 40 | 60 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 40 | 60 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 40 | 60 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 43 | 57 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 38 | 62 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 100 | 10 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 58 | 42 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 64 | 36 | 125 |
| 2024 | Black | 55 | 45 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 59 | 41 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 67 | 33 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 57 | 43 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 56 | 44 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 60 | 40 | 80 |
| 2024 | Arab | 43 | 57 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 61 | 39 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 67 | 33 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 57 | 43 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 59 | 41 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 65 | 35 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 57 | 43 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 79 | 21 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 55 | 45 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 5 | 95 | 125 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | White | 6 | 94 | 130 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 7 | 93 | 90 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 22 | 78 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 8 | 92 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 93 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 7 | 93 | 70 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 0 | 100 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 9 | 91 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 8 | 92 | 85 |
| 2024 | White | 20 | 80 | 130 |
| 2024 | Not White | 8 | 92 | 80 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 93 | 75 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 16 | 13 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 39 | 8 | 56 | 14 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 14 | 13 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 44 | 9 | 57 | 11 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 17 | 16 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 39 | 7 | 62 | 18 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 16 | 12 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 40 | 8 | 55 | 12 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 15 | 10 | 19 | 4 | 1 | 43 | 7 | 51 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 17 | 14 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 38 | 8 | 58 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 18 | 7 | 24 | 0 | 3 | 40 | 7 | 47 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 16 | 14 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 8 | 57 | 14 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 18 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 35 | 15 | 63 | 6 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 16 | 13 | 16 | 3 | 4 | 40 | 8 | 56 | 14 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 16 | 12 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 39 | 9 | 52 | 21 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 17 | 13 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 40 | 8 | 57 | 12 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 19 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 37 | 8 | 62 | 11 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 17 | 12 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 40 | 8 | 55 | 14 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 17 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 7 | 58 | 5 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 16 | 13 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 39 | 8 | 56 | 14 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 14 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 44 | 9 | 58 | 12 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 16 | 14 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 38 | 8 | 56 | 13 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 15 | 4 | 14 | 5 | 9 | 45 | 8 | 40 | 30 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 17 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 39 | 8 | 57 | 13 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 30 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 70 | 11 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 28 | 33 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 74 | 8 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 28 | 27 | 16 | 7 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 67 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 70 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 28 | 28 | 20 | 7 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 67 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 30 | 27 | 15 | 4 | 5 | 16 | 2 | 71 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 28 | 18 | 1 | 4 | 18 | 1 | 71 | 7 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 30 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 70 | 11 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 45 | 30 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 84 | 4 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 11 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 31 | 24 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 18 | 4 | 71 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 30 | 28 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 70 | 10 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 30 | 30 | 16 | 4 | 5 | 14 | 2 | 71 | 10 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 30 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 69 | 11 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 27 | 33 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 3 | 89 | 0 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 69 | 11 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 29 | 33 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 74 | 8 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 30 | 28 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 2 | 69 | 11 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 24 | 22 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 5 | 57 | 27 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 30 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 70 | 10 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 0 | 0 | 24 | 19 | 22 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 0 | 16 | 9 | 16 | 37 | 22 | 0 | 21 | 67 | 30 |
| 2024 | Arab | 0 | 0 | 18 | 28 | 36 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 10 |
| 2024 | White | 0 | 0 | 24 | 19 | 22 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 63 | 25 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 0 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 38 | 20 | 0 | 18 | 64 | 45 |
Stress and Well-Being
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 35 | 24 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 38 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 41 | 18 | 15 | 8 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 44 | 56 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 34 | 26 | 14 | 8 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 35 | 65 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 36 | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 35 | 22 | 15 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 40 | 19 | 20 | 3 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 42 | 58 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 35 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 32 | 30 | 12 | 5 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 33 | 67 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 36 | 23 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 36 | 26 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 38 | 62 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 23 | 15 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 28 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 29 | 71 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 24 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 5 | 39 | 61 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 41 | 29 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 46 | 54 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 35 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 38 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 36 | 23 | 15 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 37 | 13 | 14 | 9 | 24 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 62 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 24 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 21 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 79 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 19 | 29 | 27 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 80 | 2225 |
| 2024 | Black | 28 | 26 | 27 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 29 | 71 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 27 | 30 | 12 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 81 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 17 | 32 | 29 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 83 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 22 | 25 | 29 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 77 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 27 | 16 | 27 | 8 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 28 | 72 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 20 | 28 | 29 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 79 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 15 | 31 | 31 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 85 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 21 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 78 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 23 | 24 | 30 | 10 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 76 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 79 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 31 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 84 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 22 | 26 | 29 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 77 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 20 | 24 | 34 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 21 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 79 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 19 | 28 | 27 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 80 | 2310 |
| 2024 | Not White | 21 | 27 | 28 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 78 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 15 | 18 | 35 | 16 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 85 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 21 | 27 | 29 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 78 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 31 | 26 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 30 | 23 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 73 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 33 | 23 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 34 | 66 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 27 | 18 | 10 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 31 | 69 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 34 | 28 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 65 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 30 | 26 | 20 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 31 | 69 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 34 | 24 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 6 | 36 | 64 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 30 | 27 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 31 | 69 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 27 | 39 | 17 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 28 | 72 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 31 | 25 | 20 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 31 | 23 | 20 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 32 | 68 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 31 | 27 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 23 | 27 | 21 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 77 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 32 | 26 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 67 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 37 | 26 | 16 | 10 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 63 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 26 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 26 | 31 | 23 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 73 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 31 | 26 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 25 | 24 | 22 | 12 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 74 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 31 | 26 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 29 | 23 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 25 | 24 | 23 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 75 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 29 | 22 | 20 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 69 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 28 | 24 | 19 | 11 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 28 | 27 | 18 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 29 | 71 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 29 | 22 | 20 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 19 | 18 | 12 | 13 | 4 | 6 | 32 | 68 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 24 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 28 | 28 | 23 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 29 | 71 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 23 | 19 | 12 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 34 | 19 | 21 | 9 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 27 | 24 | 19 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 29 | 71 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 24 | 21 | 23 | 12 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 75 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 24 | 19 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 31 | 69 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 29 | 26 | 13 | 21 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 71 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 29 | 23 | 20 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 25 | 24 | 23 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 75 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 29 | 23 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 28 | 20 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 81 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 29 | 23 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 31 | 69 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 49 | 21 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 55 | 45 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 50 | 24 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 54 | 46 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 52 | 17 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 59 | 41 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 48 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 54 | 46 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 52 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 56 | 44 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 48 | 20 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 55 | 45 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 49 | 16 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 59 | 41 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 49 | 21 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 54 | 46 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 43 | 27 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 51 | 49 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 50 | 20 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 55 | 45 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 54 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 61 | 39 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 48 | 21 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 53 | 47 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 42 | 22 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 46 | 54 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 51 | 20 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 57 | 43 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 39 | 16 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 45 | 55 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 49 | 21 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 55 | 45 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 50 | 24 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 54 | 46 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 49 | 21 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 55 | 45 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 45 | 23 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 49 | 51 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 49 | 20 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 55 | 45 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 32 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 33 | 67 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 29 | 25 | 20 | 12 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 71 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 36 | 24 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 31 | 27 | 18 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 69 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 34 | 27 | 19 | 8 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 66 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 26 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 35 | 29 | 17 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 32 | 26 | 18 | 10 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 35 | 21 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 32 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 32 | 25 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 32 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 33 | 67 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 28 | 28 | 18 | 9 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 72 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 33 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 34 | 66 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 23 | 20 | 18 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 26 | 74 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 32 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 33 | 67 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 29 | 25 | 20 | 12 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 71 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 33 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 34 | 66 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 12 | 25 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 87 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 33 | 26 | 17 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 34 | 66 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 36 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 31 | 31 | 20 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 68 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 42 | 27 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 45 | 55 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 34 | 29 | 17 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 36 | 64 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 34 | 32 | 18 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 65 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 37 | 28 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 38 | 62 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 40 | 26 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 43 | 57 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 29 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 45 | 29 | 12 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 54 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 35 | 28 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 26 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 39 | 61 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 36 | 29 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 29 | 29 | 16 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 30 | 70 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 23 | 38 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 77 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 37 | 28 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 32 | 31 | 20 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 36 | 28 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 31 | 27 | 13 | 5 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 36 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 31 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 31 | 23 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 74 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 31 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 37 | 63 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 30 | 29 | 19 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 31 | 69 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 32 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 33 | 67 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 30 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 27 | 28 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 29 | 71 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 31 | 30 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 37 | 30 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 62 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 30 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 35 | 27 | 16 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 36 | 64 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 30 | 30 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 31 | 69 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 23 | 33 | 22 | 9 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 76 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 32 | 29 | 17 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 34 | 66 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 29 | 19 | 27 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 71 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 31 | 30 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 26 | 31 | 22 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 73 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 31 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 68 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 17 | 37 | 24 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 83 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 32 | 29 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 67 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 38 | 28 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 34 | 31 | 18 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 65 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 43 | 26 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 36 | 28 | 15 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 63 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 44 | 24 | 15 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 56 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 36 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 34 | 33 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 35 | 65 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 38 | 27 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 40 | 22 | 21 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 42 | 58 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 38 | 28 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 61 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 29 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 38 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 32 | 30 | 16 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 67 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 39 | 27 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 40 | 60 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 23 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 66 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 38 | 28 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 35 | 31 | 18 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 65 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 37 | 28 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 25 | 37 | 19 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 75 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 39 | 27 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 40 | 60 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 45 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 47 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 52 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 47 | 26 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 48 | 52 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 49 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 44 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 46 | 54 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 47 | 35 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 49 | 51 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 57 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 60 | 40 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 43 | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 45 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 47 | 53 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 38 | 23 | 16 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 39 | 61 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 46 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 48 | 52 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 21 | 27 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 37 | 63 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 45 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 47 | 53 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 47 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 52 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 31 | 29 | 17 | 11 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 25 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 47 | 53 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 49 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 52 | 25 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 47 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 53 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 55 | 45 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 48 | 28 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 50 | 50 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 49 | 26 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 49 | 29 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 52 | 48 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 52 | 27 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 54 | 46 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 49 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 55 | 23 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 58 | 42 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 49 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 49 | 30 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 52 | 48 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 49 | 27 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 51 | 49 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 49 | 27 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 51 | 49 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 49 | 28 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 52 | 23 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 54 | 46 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 49 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 53 | 25 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 47 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 49 | 28 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 51 | 49 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 31 | 38 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 68 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 50 | 27 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 52 | 48 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 35 | 32 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 36 | 31 | 18 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 63 | 2225 |
| 2024 | Black | 36 | 37 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 62 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 35 | 30 | 18 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 42 | 29 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 58 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 34 | 32 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 35 | 65 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 33 | 33 | 16 | 8 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 66 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 36 | 32 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 37 | 63 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 44 | 20 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 55 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 35 | 33 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 37 | 26 | 18 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 38 | 62 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 33 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 27 | 34 | 21 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 72 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 37 | 31 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 62 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 32 | 38 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 33 | 67 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 35 | 32 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 36 | 31 | 18 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 63 | 2310 |
| 2024 | Not White | 35 | 32 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 36 | 64 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 38 | 21 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 81 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 36 | 31 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 63 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 43 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 40 | 18 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 41 | 59 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 50 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 52 | 48 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 41 | 19 | 13 | 8 | 15 | 0 | 4 | 42 | 58 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 44 | 19 | 15 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 55 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 42 | 19 | 12 | 7 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 44 | 56 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 41 | 17 | 17 | 8 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 42 | 58 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 43 | 19 | 12 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 37 | 25 | 6 | 5 | 20 | 0 | 6 | 39 | 61 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 43 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 41 | 16 | 16 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 45 | 55 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 43 | 20 | 12 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 45 | 55 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 40 | 25 | 11 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 41 | 59 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 43 | 18 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 55 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 56 | 44 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 42 | 20 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 44 | 56 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 40 | 18 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 41 | 59 | 2310 |
| 2024 | Not White | 43 | 20 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 45 | 55 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 21 | 16 | 9 | 22 | 29 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 78 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 44 | 19 | 13 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 46 | 54 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 30 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 54 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 46 | 29 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 54 | 2225 |
| 2024 | Black | 54 | 24 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 56 | 44 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 42 | 31 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 43 | 57 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 41 | 31 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 59 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 45 | 29 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 47 | 53 | 655 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 40 | 39 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 59 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 29 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 770 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 55 | 26 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 44 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 44 | 30 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 45 | 55 | 795 |
| 2024 | Arab | 45 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 47 | 53 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 44 | 30 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 55 | 700 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 36 | 30 | 20 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 37 | 63 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 46 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 47 | 53 | 705 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 38 | 37 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 61 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 29 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 54 | 820 |
| 2024 | White | 46 | 29 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 54 | 2310 |
| 2024 | Not White | 44 | 30 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 765 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 36 | 26 | 7 | 10 | 19 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 63 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 30 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 54 | 800 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 68 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 79 | 21 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 74 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 81 | 19 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 72 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 82 | 18 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 66 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 77 | 23 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 67 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 79 | 21 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 68 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 78 | 22 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 69 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 81 | 19 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 68 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 78 | 22 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 64 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 74 | 26 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 68 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 79 | 21 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 64 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 73 | 27 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 69 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 80 | 20 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 69 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 80 | 20 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 67 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 78 | 22 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 66 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 21 | 86 | 14 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 68 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 78 | 22 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 73 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 80 | 20 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 68 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 79 | 21 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 57 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 65 | 35 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 68 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 79 | 21 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 60 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 65 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 71 | 29 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 65 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 74 | 26 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 58 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 11 | 66 | 34 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 60 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 11 | 68 | 32 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 60 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 61 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 70 | 30 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 59 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 11 | 68 | 32 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 56 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 62 | 38 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 60 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 53 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 62 | 38 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 61 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 69 | 31 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 62 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 70 | 30 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 59 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 58 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 69 | 31 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 60 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 65 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 71 | 29 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 60 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 68 | 32 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 46 | 8 | 11 | 4 | 18 | 0 | 12 | 52 | 48 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 60 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 69 | 31 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 64 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 71 | 29 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 77 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 82 | 18 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 60 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 67 | 33 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 64 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 72 | 28 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 66 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 72 | 28 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 63 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 71 | 29 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 62 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 74 | 26 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 64 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 70 | 30 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 72 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 79 | 21 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 63 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 70 | 30 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 60 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 11 | 69 | 31 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 64 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 71 | 29 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 68 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 74 | 26 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 63 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 70 | 30 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 70 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 75 | 25 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 63 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 71 | 29 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 76 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 82 | 18 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 63 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 70 | 30 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 51 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 54 | 46 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 64 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 72 | 28 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 65 | 15 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 68 | 19 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 70 | 30 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 64 | 19 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 69 | 31 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 65 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 63 | 15 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 65 | 35 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 65 | 15 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 71 | 29 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 53 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 60 | 40 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 66 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 70 | 30 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 73 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 78 | 22 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 64 | 16 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 63 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 68 | 32 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 65 | 16 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 77 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 82 | 18 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 62 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 67 | 33 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 67 | 15 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 73 | 27 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 65 | 15 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 67 | 19 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 70 | 30 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 65 | 15 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 54 | 25 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 45 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 65 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 70 | 30 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 64 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 68 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 69 | 31 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 67 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 71 | 29 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 63 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 67 | 33 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 67 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 68 | 32 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 63 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 68 | 32 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 63 | 14 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 70 | 30 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 64 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 770 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 67 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 71 | 29 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 63 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 795 |
| 2024 | Arab | 59 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 67 | 33 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 65 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 68 | 32 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 61 | 15 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 64 | 36 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 64 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 69 | 31 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 50 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 12 | 57 | 43 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 64 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 820 |
| 2024 | White | 68 | 16 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 69 | 31 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 64 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 765 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 62 | 17 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 64 | 36 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 64 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 68 | 32 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 63 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 80 | 20 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 62 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 77 | 23 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 63 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 78 | 22 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 63 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 81 | 19 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 66 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 81 | 19 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 62 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 80 | 20 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 57 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 25 | 78 | 22 | 75 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 63 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 80 | 20 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 73 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 93 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 62 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 79 | 21 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 59 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 82 | 18 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 64 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 20 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 62 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 79 | 21 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 63 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 80 | 20 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 69 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 16 | 82 | 18 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 63 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 80 | 20 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 63 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 77 | 23 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 63 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 79 | 21 | 765 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 59 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 75 | 25 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 63 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 81 | 19 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 68 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 850 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 73 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 77 | 23 | 2230 |
| 2024 | Black | 72 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 77 | 23 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 66 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 73 | 27 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 67 | 16 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 71 | 29 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 68 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 75 | 25 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 60 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 69 | 31 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 68 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 75 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 78 | 22 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 67 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 73 | 27 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 68 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 78 | 22 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 67 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 73 | 27 | 700 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 66 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 72 | 28 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 68 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 58 | 25 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 64 | 36 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 68 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 74 | 26 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 73 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 76 | 24 | 2315 |
| 2024 | Not White | 68 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 74 | 26 | 765 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 67 | 17 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 69 | 31 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 68 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 74 | 26 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 55 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 58 | 42 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 64 | 17 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 65 | 35 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 59 | 15 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 63 | 37 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 54 | 19 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 56 | 44 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 53 | 23 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 55 | 45 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 55 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 59 | 41 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 20 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 50 | 50 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 56 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 59 | 41 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 62 | 14 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 64 | 36 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 54 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 57 | 43 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 60 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 64 | 36 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 54 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 56 | 44 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 49 | 22 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 51 | 49 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 56 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 59 | 41 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 52 | 14 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 56 | 44 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 55 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 58 | 42 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 63 | 17 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 65 | 35 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 55 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 58 | 42 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 52 | 14 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 56 | 44 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 55 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 58 | 42 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 50 | 25 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 54 | 46 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 49 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 51 | 49 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 51 | 28 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 55 | 45 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 50 | 24 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 54 | 46 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 52 | 31 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 53 | 47 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 50 | 23 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 54 | 46 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 45 | 19 | 21 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 48 | 52 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 51 | 26 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 55 | 45 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 58 | 10 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 61 | 39 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 50 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 53 | 47 | 800 |
| 2024 | Arab | 46 | 25 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 50 | 50 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 51 | 25 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 55 | 45 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 61 | 21 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 64 | 36 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 48 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 52 | 48 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 42 | 17 | 17 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 48 | 52 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 51 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 54 | 46 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 49 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 50 | 50 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 52 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 55 | 45 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 40 | 27 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 42 | 58 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 51 | 25 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 55 | 45 | 805 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Very low (%) |
Low (%) |
Moderate (%) |
High (%) |
Very High (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 13 | 30 | 38 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 17 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 8 | 31 | 40 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 20 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 16 | 29 | 41 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 46 | 12 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 31 | 38 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 19 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 12 | 34 | 35 | 14 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 19 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 29 | 39 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 17 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 13 | 32 | 38 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 17 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 30 | 38 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 17 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 12 | 32 | 37 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 17 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 30 | 38 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 17 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 11 | 29 | 36 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 41 | 21 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 31 | 39 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 17 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 11 | 34 | 42 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 13 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 13 | 30 | 38 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 18 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 10 | 33 | 19 | 29 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 38 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 30 | 39 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 17 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 8 | 31 | 40 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 20 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 31 | 39 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 16 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 12 | 7 | 55 | 16 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 13 | 32 | 37 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 17 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Always/Almost always (%) |
Often (%) |
Sometimes (%) |
Rarely (%) |
Never/Almost never (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 11 | 16 | 41 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 27 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 10 | 23 | 39 | 19 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 33 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 9 | 11 | 42 | 25 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 20 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 18 | 40 | 21 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 29 | 660 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 7 | 24 | 37 | 25 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 31 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 12 | 14 | 42 | 21 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 26 | 660 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 6 | 19 | 43 | 21 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 26 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 11 | 16 | 40 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 27 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 8 | 11 | 51 | 17 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 19 | 50 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 11 | 17 | 40 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 28 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 17 | 13 | 36 | 20 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 33 | 31 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 9 | 17 | 42 | 22 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 26 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 10 | 13 | 46 | 23 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 23 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 11 | 17 | 39 | 21 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 28 | 710 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 10 | 22 | 35 | 18 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 31 | 33 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 11 | 16 | 41 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 27 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 11 | 23 | 39 | 19 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 33 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 10 | 16 | 41 | 22 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 26 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 25 | 19 | 46 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 46 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 10 | 16 | 40 | 23 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 26 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 29 | 36 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 68 | 13 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 26 | 41 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 35 | 39 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 78 | 6 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 28 | 35 | 19 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 25 | 40 | 19 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 67 | 13 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 31 | 34 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 69 | 13 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 31 | 32 | 22 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 65 | 12 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 29 | 36 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 13 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 25 | 41 | 16 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 17 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 30 | 35 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 68 | 12 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 31 | 30 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 68 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 29 | 37 | 19 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 68 | 12 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 26 | 37 | 20 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 66 | 14 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 30 | 35 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 12 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 26 | 30 | 22 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 59 | 18 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 36 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 12 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 25 | 41 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 31 | 35 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 12 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 47 | 30 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 30 | 36 | 18 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 12 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Excellent (%) |
Very good (%) |
Good (%) |
Fair (%) |
Poor (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 13 | 27 | 35 | 19 | 6 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 9 | 26 | 36 | 21 | 8 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 16 | 32 | 37 | 10 | 5 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 11 | 26 | 34 | 22 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 12 | 25 | 33 | 25 | 5 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 13 | 28 | 35 | 18 | 7 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 8 | 24 | 36 | 23 | 9 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 27 | 35 | 19 | 6 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 11 | 23 | 43 | 17 | 7 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 13 | 27 | 34 | 19 | 6 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 12 | 26 | 32 | 24 | 6 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 13 | 27 | 35 | 18 | 7 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 16 | 29 | 33 | 16 | 6 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 12 | 27 | 35 | 20 | 7 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 11 | 16 | 42 | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 27 | 34 | 19 | 6 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 9 | 26 | 36 | 21 | 9 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 13 | 27 | 35 | 19 | 6 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 2 | 23 | 29 | 35 | 11 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 13 | 27 | 35 | 18 | 6 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 53 | 27 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 54 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 50 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 86 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 54 | 25 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 45 | 34 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 82 | 4 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 56 | 25 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 6 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 57 | 23 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 86 | 5 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 53 | 27 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 6 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 60 | 29 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 3 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 53 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 83 | 6 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 58 | 20 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 84 | 8 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 28 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 59 | 17 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 80 | 8 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 52 | 28 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 45 | 22 | 24 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 69 | 6 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 27 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 54 | 26 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 7 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 54 | 26 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 50 | 31 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 84 | 9 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 54 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 5 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 46 | 24 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 15 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 47 | 26 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 74 | 19 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 43 | 28 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 46 | 23 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 43 | 23 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 68 | 18 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 46 | 25 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 74 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 52 | 21 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 79 | 14 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 45 | 25 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 72 | 15 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 53 | 30 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 84 | 6 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 45 | 24 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 72 | 16 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 49 | 22 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 76 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 45 | 25 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 72 | 16 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 45 | 22 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 68 | 18 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 46 | 25 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 74 | 15 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 20 | 18 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 58 | 22 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 46 | 25 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 15 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 47 | 26 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 73 | 18 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 45 | 25 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 15 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 36 | 23 | 17 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 65 | 16 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 46 | 25 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 73 | 15 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 52 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 57 | 27 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 9 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 47 | 33 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 83 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 54 | 27 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 8 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 47 | 32 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 80 | 9 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 54 | 28 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 84 | 9 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 56 | 26 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 52 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 9 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 66 | 24 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 92 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 51 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 82 | 9 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 55 | 24 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 83 | 9 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 52 | 30 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 56 | 24 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 81 | 9 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 51 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 9 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 50 | 24 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 76 | 13 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 52 | 29 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 57 | 27 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 9 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 51 | 29 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 83 | 9 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 56 | 31 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 89 | 4 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 52 | 28 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 9 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 31 | 36 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 24 | 39 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 64 | 21 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 29 | 43 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 74 | 10 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 31 | 34 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 67 | 15 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 24 | 40 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 66 | 15 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 32 | 35 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 70 | 14 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 29 | 31 | 19 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 64 | 17 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 31 | 37 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 35 | 40 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 30 | 36 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 68 | 14 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 31 | 32 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 66 | 19 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 30 | 37 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 13 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 41 | 31 | 15 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 29 | 37 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 68 | 14 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 34 | 21 | 21 | 10 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 25 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 30 | 37 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 24 | 39 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 64 | 21 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 32 | 36 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 69 | 14 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 19 | 32 | 23 | 18 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 27 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 31 | 37 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 13 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 17 | 47 | 18 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | 15 | 145 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 18 | 49 | 15 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 17 | 700 |
| 2024 | Black | 14 | 54 | 24 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 8 | 40 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 45 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 66 | 18 | 105 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 10 | 48 | 23 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 20 | 35 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 20 | 47 | 17 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 69 | 14 | 110 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 18 | 49 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 69 | 15 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 17 | 46 | 19 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 65 | 16 | 135 |
| 2024 | Arab | 18 | 35 | 19 | 18 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 59 | 20 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 17 | 50 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 68 | 14 | 115 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 25 | 53 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 86 | 9 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 16 | 46 | 20 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 125 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 17 | 49 | 19 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 68 | 12 | 135 |
| 2024 | White | 18 | 49 | 15 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 17 | 720 |
| 2024 | Not White | 17 | 45 | 19 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 125 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 34 | 60 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 16 | 46 | 19 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 64 | 17 | 130 |
Duty to Accommodate
The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.
Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to telework, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 15 | 85 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 16 | 84 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 14 | 86 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 15 | 85 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 13 | 87 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 15 | 85 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 13 | 87 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 15 | 85 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 20 | 80 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 14 | 86 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 16 | 84 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 15 | 85 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 12 | 88 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 15 | 85 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 28 | 72 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 14 | 86 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 17 | 83 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 14 | 86 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 21 | 79 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 14 | 86 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 53 | 47 | 135 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 65 | 35 | 385 |
| 2024 | Black | 48 | 52 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 55 | 45 | 105 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 61 | 39 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 51 | 49 | 105 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 46 | 54 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 54 | 46 | 120 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 63 | 37 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 52 | 48 | 120 |
| 2024 | Arab | 41 | 59 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 56 | 44 | 105 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 52 | 48 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 53 | 47 | 115 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 54 | 46 | 125 |
| 2024 | White | 65 | 35 | 400 |
| 2024 | Not White | 51 | 49 | 115 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 67 | 33 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 52 | 48 | 125 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 64 | 36 | 135 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 73 | 27 | 385 |
| 2024 | Black | 74 | 26 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 61 | 39 | 105 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 66 | 34 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 63 | 37 | 105 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 48 | 52 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 65 | 35 | 120 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 44 | 56 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 66 | 34 | 120 |
| 2024 | Arab | 68 | 32 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 63 | 37 | 105 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 67 | 33 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 63 | 37 | 115 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 64 | 36 | 125 |
| 2024 | White | 72 | 28 | 400 |
| 2024 | Not White | 66 | 34 | 115 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 40 | 60 | 10 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 66 | 34 | 125 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 34 | 38 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 19 | 85 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 40 | 32 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 73 | 18 | 285 |
| 2024 | Black | 29 | 47 | 7 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 17 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 35 | 35 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 20 | 65 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 32 | 41 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 15 | 20 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 34 | 37 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 20 | 65 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 33 | 39 | 10 | 4 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 18 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 29 | 40 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 20 | 75 |
| 2024 | Arab | 29 | 39 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 15 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 35 | 38 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 20 | 65 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 28 | 37 | 6 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 29 | 10 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 35 | 38 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 17 | 70 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 35 | 37 | 9 | 6 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 19 | 80 |
| 2024 | White | 40 | 32 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 73 | 18 | 290 |
| 2024 | Not White | 31 | 40 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 20 | 75 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 35 | 37 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 18 | 80 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 44 | 31 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 10 | 860 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 44 | 34 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 80 | 11 | 2235 |
| 2024 | Black | 45 | 36 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 85 | 7 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 44 | 30 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 78 | 11 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 37 | 37 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 76 | 11 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 46 | 30 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 81 | 10 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 43 | 31 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 81 | 10 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 44 | 31 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 10 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 61 | 26 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 88 | 5 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 43 | 32 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 79 | 10 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 44 | 26 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 77 | 14 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 44 | 32 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 80 | 9 | 710 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 51 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 81 | 10 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 43 | 32 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 10 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 36 | 20 | 11 | 18 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 59 | 28 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 44 | 32 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 81 | 9 | 830 |
| 2024 | White | 43 | 34 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 80 | 11 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 45 | 30 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 10 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 37 | 35 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 45 | 31 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 80 | 10 | 810 |
Compensation
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 20 | 58 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 20 | 66 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 21 | 61 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 19 | 58 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 17 | 60 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 21 | 58 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 20 | 54 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 20 | 59 | 780 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 16 | 56 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 20 | 58 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 18 | 64 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 20 | 57 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 21 | 53 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 20 | 59 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 25 | 58 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 20 | 58 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 20 | 66 | 2320 |
| 2024 | Not White | 20 | 59 | 775 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 33 | 50 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 19 | 59 | 810 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Yes (%) |
No (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 52 | 48 | 170 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 50 | 50 | 455 |
| 2024 | Black | 53 | 47 | 40 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 52 | 48 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 51 | 49 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 53 | 47 | 140 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 45 | 55 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 53 | 47 | 155 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 52 | 48 | 160 |
| 2024 | Arab | 51 | 49 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 53 | 47 | 145 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 69 | 31 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 49 | 51 | 140 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 52 | 48 | 165 |
| 2024 | White | 50 | 50 | 470 |
| 2024 | Not White | 51 | 49 | 155 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 37 | 63 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 54 | 46 | 155 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 14 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 43 | 170 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 13 | 20 | 11 | 18 | 32 | 2 | 4 | 35 | 53 | 455 |
| 2024 | Black | 17 | 37 | 16 | 4 | 23 | 0 | 3 | 56 | 28 | 40 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 13 | 18 | 17 | 22 | 24 | 3 | 3 | 33 | 48 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 15 | 21 | 18 | 18 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 46 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 14 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 39 | 43 | 140 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 21 | 13 | 17 | 14 | 30 | 0 | 5 | 36 | 46 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 13 | 24 | 17 | 18 | 23 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 43 | 155 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 14 | 23 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 43 | 160 |
| 2024 | Arab | 11 | 12 | 21 | 17 | 27 | 4 | 8 | 26 | 50 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 15 | 25 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 41 | 42 | 145 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 14 | 24 | 23 | 15 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 39 | 37 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 14 | 22 | 16 | 18 | 24 | 2 | 4 | 39 | 45 | 135 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 13 | 24 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 43 | 165 |
| 2024 | White | 13 | 20 | 12 | 18 | 31 | 2 | 4 | 35 | 53 | 470 |
| 2024 | Not White | 14 | 23 | 16 | 17 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 40 | 43 | 155 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 32 | 0 | 39 | 17 | 6 | 6 | 36 | 64 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 15 | 22 | 19 | 15 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 39 | 42 | 155 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Strongly agree (%) |
Somewhat agree (%) |
Neither agree nor disagree (%) |
Somewhat disagree (%) |
Strongly disagree (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 6 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 33 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 55 | 170 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 7 | 18 | 8 | 20 | 42 | 1 | 3 | 26 | 65 | 455 |
| 2024 | Black | 8 | 30 | 14 | 14 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 48 | 40 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 6 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 33 | 3 | 4 | 23 | 57 | 130 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 9 | 11 | 23 | 22 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 21 | 55 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 6 | 21 | 16 | 18 | 33 | 2 | 4 | 28 | 55 | 140 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 0 | 9 | 33 | 9 | 36 | 0 | 12 | 10 | 52 | 15 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 7 | 20 | 16 | 20 | 33 | 3 | 2 | 28 | 55 | 155 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 7 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 33 | 2 | 3 | 26 | 55 | 160 |
| 2024 | Arab | 11 | 8 | 11 | 24 | 31 | 4 | 11 | 22 | 64 | 25 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 5 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 34 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 53 | 145 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 5 | 20 | 12 | 21 | 36 | 6 | 0 | 27 | 60 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 7 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 33 | 1 | 4 | 27 | 54 | 135 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 6 | 20 | 17 | 19 | 33 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 56 | 165 |
| 2024 | White | 7 | 18 | 9 | 21 | 42 | 1 | 3 | 26 | 65 | 465 |
| 2024 | Not White | 6 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 34 | 3 | 3 | 26 | 55 | 155 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 0 | 32 | 13 | 11 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 55 | 15 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 7 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 32 | 3 | 3 | 26 | 55 | 155 |
| Survey year | Demographic | Not at all (%) |
To a small extent (%) |
To a moderate extent (%) |
To a large extent (%) |
To a very large extent (%) |
Don't know (%) |
Not applicable (%) |
Positive answers (%) |
Negative answers (%) |
Total responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Racialized | 39 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 55 | 45 | 855 |
| 2024 | Non-racialized | 43 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 18 | 54 | 46 | 2240 |
| 2024 | Black | 42 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 21 | 57 | 43 | 190 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Black | 39 | 13 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 23 | 54 | 46 | 665 |
| 2024 | East Asian | 45 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 23 | 64 | 36 | 195 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not East Asian | 38 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 53 | 47 | 665 |
| 2024 | Southeast Asian | 30 | 18 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 29 | 45 | 55 | 80 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Southeast Asian | 40 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 56 | 44 | 775 |
| 2024 | Latin American | 27 | 10 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 36 | 45 | 55 | 55 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Latin American | 40 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 56 | 44 | 805 |
| 2024 | Arab | 38 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 24 | 52 | 48 | 150 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not Arab | 40 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 56 | 44 | 705 |
| 2024 | South Asian | 39 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 15 | 53 | 47 | 145 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not South Asian | 40 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 24 | 55 | 45 | 715 |
| 2024 | West Asian | 48 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 26 | 67 | 33 | 30 |
| 2024 | Racialized, not West Asian | 39 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 55 | 45 | 825 |
| 2024 | White | 43 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 19 | 54 | 46 | 2325 |
| 2024 | Not White | 39 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 55 | 45 | 770 |
| 2024 | Another racial group | 34 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 15 | 43 | 57 | 45 |
| 2024 | Another racial group not selected | 40 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 23 | 56 | 44 | 810 |