2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Micro-organizations combined by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Micro-organizations are those that have fewer than 150 employees at the time of the survey. In order to protect the confidentiality of employees, demographic breakdowns of results are not provided for individual micro-organizations; results by demographics are provided only for all micro-organizations combined. Further, results for individual micro-organizations are provided only if the number of respondents to a question is sufficient to ensure the confidentiality of respondents.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	32	9	8	6	0	77	14	65
2022	First Nations	55	19	7	4	14	0	75	18	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	20	13	14	5	0	68	19	15
2022	Métis	29	51	10	10	0	0	80	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	35	7	5	3	0	85	8	925
2020	Indigenous	41	38	13	5	3	0	79	8	75
2020	First Nations	40	33	14	6	7	0	73	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	47	13	0	0	0	87	0	25
2020	Métis	45	34	12	9	0	0	79	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	34	9	5	2	0	83	8	849
2019	Indigenous	50	30	7	6	6	0	80	12	70
2019	First Nations	42	39	11	3	4	0	82	7	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	32	0	4	9	0	87	13	22
2019	Métis	53	18	10	14	6	0	71	19	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	32	8	4	3	0	85	6	792
2018	Indigenous	36	44	7	10	1	1	81	11	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	37	8	6	2	0	84	8	801

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	32	11	4	15	0	70	19	65
2022	First Nations	32	34	3	4	27	0	66	31	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	34	19	0	12	0	69	12	15
2022	Métis	47	25	11	10	6	0	72	16	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	32	9	6	5	0	80	11	925
2020	Indigenous	41	27	13	10	9	0	68	19	75
2020	First Nations	32	18	17	14	18	0	50	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	37	12	4	0	0	83	4	25
2020	Métis	47	27	9	10	8	0	73	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	31	11	6	4	0	79	10	848
2019	Indigenous	34	26	19	10	11	0	60	21	70
2019	First Nations	34	21	16	18	11	0	55	30	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	23	28	4	13	0	55	18	22
2019	Métis	35	37	14	4	10	0	71	14	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	31	7	9	4	0	80	13	794
2018	Indigenous	31	35	14	10	10	1	66	20	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	34	9	9	4	0	78	13	806

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	27	12	1	1	0	2	85	2	65
2022	First Nations	74	22	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	27	20	0	5	0	7	73	5	15
2022	Métis	45	31	21	4	0	0	0	75	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	26	8	2	2	0	0	88	4	925
2020	Indigenous	71	20	7	3	0	0	0	90	3	75
2020	First Nations	69	21	6	4	0	0	0	90	4	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	32	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	84	5	7	4	0	0	0	89	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	27	8	2	1	0	0	89	3	845
2019	Indigenous	59	28	6	3	3	1	0	88	6	70
2019	First Nations	69	27	0	0	4	0	0	96	4	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	27	14	4	4	4	0	76	9	22
2019	Métis	58	32	6	4	0	0	0	90	4	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	24	8	1	2	0	0	89	3	789
2018	Indigenous	54	34	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	30	8	2	1	0	0	90	2	799

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	31	10	9	3	78	12	65
2022	First Nations	51	32	7	7	4	82	10	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	26	7	19	5	69	24	15
2022	Métis	37	34	21	8	0	72	8	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	32	9	4	3	84	7	925
2020	Indigenous	52	32	10	6	0	84	6	75
2020	First Nations	51	29	7	14	0	80	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	29	8	4	0	88	4	25
2020	Métis	46	38	16	0	0	84	0	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	33	9	3	2	86	5	846
2019	Indigenous	51	32	5	7	4	83	12	69
2019	First Nations	56	37	3	0	4	93	4	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	23	9	14	9	68	23	22
2019	Métis	49	36	5	10	0	85	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	28	9	4	2	86	6	794
2018	Indigenous	39	39	11	5	5	78	10	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	32	9	5	2	85	7	805

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	27	9	7	20	63	27	65
2022	First Nations	24	19	7	0	50	43	50	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	30	16	10	0	74	10	15
2022	Métis	42	38	4	10	6	79	16	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	11	6	6	77	12	925
2020	Indigenous	41	34	9	7	9	75	16	75
2020	First Nations	28	22	18	14	18	50	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	40	0	0	0	100	0	25
2020	Métis	36	43	7	5	9	79	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	24	10	5	3	81	9	845
2019	Indigenous	46	32	9	5	8	78	13	70
2019	First Nations	35	39	10	3	12	75	15	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	32	5	4	4	86	9	22
2019	Métis	48	24	13	10	6	71	16	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	26	7	5	4	84	9	794
2018	Indigenous	34	30	14	14	9	63	22	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	28	12	7	5	77	11	808

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	32	11	13	14	63	27	65
2022	First Nations	16	23	11	11	38	39	49	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	37	19	5	0	76	5	15
2022	Métis	37	43	0	21	0	79	21	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	29	10	6	5	78	12	925
2020	Indigenous	40	36	9	7	8	76	15	74
2020	First Nations	26	30	11	18	15	56	33	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	36	4	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	37	42	12	0	9	79	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	26	9	5	4	82	9	842
2019	Indigenous	47	31	11	5	7	77	12	69
2019	First Nations	37	33	14	3	13	70	16	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	27	5	9	0	86	9	22
2019	Métis	44	32	14	4	6	76	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	29	7	5	4	84	9	789
2018	Indigenous	36	32	11	14	7	68	21	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	29	11	6	4	78	11	800

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	20	11	14	14	0	0	61	28	65
2022	First Nations	24	23	15	12	26	0	0	47	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	45	18	6	14	17	0	0	63	31	15
2022	Métis	48	21	9	21	0	0	0	69	21	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	24	12	7	7	4	1	73	14	925
2020	Indigenous	35	30	19	9	5	1	0	66	15	74
2020	First Nations	25	36	22	7	10	0	0	61	17	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	29	21	5	0	4	0	73	5	24
2020	Métis	42	23	14	16	5	0	0	65	21	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	22	13	9	4	2	1	73	14	848
2019	Indigenous	40	26	14	11	9	0	0	66	20	70
2019	First Nations	31	42	8	11	7	0	0	74	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	13	18	18	4	0	0	59	23	22
2019	Métis	44	18	17	5	15	0	0	62	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	21	12	9	6	2	1	72	16	795
2018	Indigenous	25	31	18	12	14	0	0	55	27	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	22	15	9	8	2	1	67	18	806

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	22	12	6	9	4	2	71	16	65
2022	First Nations	47	16	11	10	16	0	0	63	26	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	29	7	5	12	0	9	73	19	15
2022	Métis	50	19	22	4	0	6	0	73	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	22	8	3	1	1	6	86	5	925
2020	Indigenous	48	26	7	8	7	1	3	77	16	74
2020	First Nations	45	22	4	17	11	0	0	68	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	25	17	0	0	4	0	82	0	24
2020	Métis	45	31	0	5	9	0	10	85	15	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	22	8	3	1	1	5	87	4	846
2019	Indigenous	52	23	12	4	5	0	4	78	10	70
2019	First Nations	48	31	9	4	4	0	4	82	8	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	18	13	5	0	0	0	82	5	22
2019	Métis	42	19	14	4	11	0	9	68	17	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	21	10	3	2	1	5	85	5	793

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	31	9	6	16	2	0	69	22	65
2022	First Nations	36	12	7	8	36	0	0	49	44	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	57	7	0	10	0	0	83	10	15
2022	Métis	48	24	16	6	0	6	0	77	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	26	6	4	3	0	1	86	8	925
2020	Indigenous	47	27	14	4	8	0	0	74	12	74
2020	First Nations	36	39	4	7	14	0	0	75	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	25	21	5	0	0	0	74	5	24
2020	Métis	60	13	19	0	9	0	0	73	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	25	8	6	3	1	2	83	9	847
2019	Indigenous	45	29	4	13	6	1	2	76	20	69
2019	First Nations	41	34	0	12	8	0	4	79	21	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	23	9	13	0	5	0	76	14	22
2019	Métis	42	29	5	14	10	0	0	71	24	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	25	8	6	3	1	2	83	9	790
2018	Indigenous	43	34	7	7	10	0	0	77	17	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	29	9	6	4	1	2	81	10	803

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	12	11	10	14	0	0	66	24	65
2022	First Nations	47	8	3	11	31	0	0	55	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	20	19	5	10	0	0	66	15	15
2022	Métis	66	8	10	15	0	0	0	74	15	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	4	3	0	1	86	7	925
2020	Indigenous	59	15	11	8	8	0	0	73	16	75
2020	First Nations	46	14	15	7	18	0	0	60	25	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	69	12	4	16	0	0	0	80	16	25
2020	Métis	64	19	12	0	5	0	0	83	5	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	17	8	4	3	0	2	85	7	849
2019	Indigenous	54	24	7	8	5	0	2	80	13	70
2019	First Nations	39	38	8	3	8	0	4	80	12	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	73	18	4	4	0	0	0	91	4	22
2019	Métis	53	14	10	18	6	0	0	67	24	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	22	7	5	4	0	2	84	9	796
2018	Indigenous	47	30	5	6	12	0	0	77	18	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	27	9	5	4	1	1	81	10	802

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	29	11	14	17	1	0	57	31	65
2022	First Nations	29	18	3	12	34	3	0	49	48	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	55	5	12	12	0	0	71	24	15
2022	Métis	29	24	26	18	5	0	0	52	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	25	9	8	5	3	0	78	13	925
2020	Indigenous	36	29	12	11	9	4	0	67	21	75
2020	First Nations	28	33	4	14	18	3	0	63	33	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	24	21	8	0	8	0	69	8	25
2020	Métis	41	30	12	9	9	0	0	70	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	25	8	5	5	2	0	81	10	846
2019	Indigenous	41	30	15	8	5	1	0	72	13	68
2019	First Nations	27	31	20	10	11	0	0	58	21	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	24	10	5	0	0	0	86	5	21
2019	Métis	36	36	15	9	0	4	0	75	10	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	30	8	6	5	3	0	80	11	794
2018	Indigenous	32	27	19	8	12	1	0	60	20	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	32	12	9	6	3	1	73	15	804

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	24	15	15	18	0	0	52	33	65
2022	First Nations	17	18	11	12	42	0	0	35	54	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	38	21	12	5	0	0	62	17	15
2022	Métis	38	21	13	23	5	0	0	59	28	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	25	10	8	7	1	0	75	15	925
2020	Indigenous	35	31	15	7	11	2	0	67	18	75
2020	First Nations	22	36	11	11	21	0	0	58	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	28	16	0	0	8	0	83	0	25
2020	Métis	37	28	18	9	9	0	0	65	17	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	24	9	7	5	1	0	78	13	845
2019	Indigenous	41	34	10	11	5	0	0	74	16	68
2019	First Nations	20	59	3	6	12	0	0	79	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	67	10	14	10	0	0	0	76	10	21
2019	Métis	41	25	15	20	0	0	0	65	20	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	31	9	7	6	1	0	78	13	792
2018	Indigenous	31	26	14	18	11	0	0	57	29	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	32	12	10	7	1	1	71	17	802

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	27	22	12	19	0	0	46	32	65
2022	First Nations	12	19	11	12	45	0	0	31	57	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	33	29	9	5	0	0	57	14	15
2022	Métis	15	35	31	14	5	0	0	50	19	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	28	12	12	7	2	0	69	19	925
2020	Indigenous	22	35	10	16	11	5	0	60	29	75
2020	First Nations	18	36	10	13	22	0	0	55	35	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	48	17	0	0	8	0	82	0	25
2020	Métis	21	19	4	37	9	10	0	45	51	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	30	10	9	6	2	0	74	16	847
2019	Indigenous	32	32	11	13	8	4	0	67	22	68
2019	First Nations	20	38	15	11	15	0	0	58	26	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	29	9	10	0	10	0	79	11	21
2019	Métis	35	26	9	20	5	5	0	65	26	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	32	11	11	5	4	0	71	17	792
2018	Indigenous	15	33	16	20	14	1	0	49	34	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	16	13	8	3	1	61	22	802

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	24	16	12	20	0	0	52	32	65
2022	First Nations	24	12	7	23	34	0	0	35	57	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	36	26	5	17	0	0	52	21	15
2022	Métis	35	32	14	9	10	0	0	67	20	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	31	10	13	7	1	0	70	20	925
2020	Indigenous	24	28	18	19	11	0	0	52	30	74
2020	First Nations	15	31	18	25	11	0	0	47	35	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	34	12	13	4	0	0	71	17	24
2020	Métis	22	18	23	18	18	0	0	40	36	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	11	11	7	1	0	70	18	843
2019	Indigenous	32	30	12	16	8	1	0	63	25	68
2019	First Nations	27	25	12	19	17	0	0	52	36	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	33	5	10	5	5	0	80	15	21
2019	Métis	25	36	19	20	0	0	0	61	20	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	34	12	12	6	2	0	70	18	793
2018	Indigenous	18	36	16	17	11	1	0	55	29	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	34	15	15	8	2	1	61	24	805

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	23	13	9	13	0	0	65	22	65
2022	First Nations	32	15	15	12	26	0	0	47	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	28	12	7	5	0	0	76	12	15
2022	Métis	47	20	17	10	6	0	0	67	16	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	31	9	8	4	0	1	79	12	925
2020	Indigenous	43	33	4	11	9	0	0	76	20	75
2020	First Nations	26	32	0	24	18	0	0	58	42	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	40	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	50	28	9	5	8	0	0	78	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	36	10	6	4	0	0	80	10	848
2019	Indigenous	36	31	10	19	3	2	0	68	22	70
2019	First Nations	27	31	8	30	4	0	0	58	34	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	36	18	13	0	0	0	68	13	22
2019	Métis	49	26	4	9	6	6	0	79	16	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	34	9	8	4	0	1	78	12	794
2018	Indigenous	27	38	14	11	9	1	0	65	21	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	33	12	8	6	1	0	73	14	803

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	38	11	6	10	0	73	15	65
2022	First Nations	35	30	4	13	18	0	66	31	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	42	19	0	12	0	69	12	15
2022	Métis	34	45	17	4	0	0	79	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	38	8	7	3	0	82	10	925
2020	Indigenous	32	50	8	7	4	0	81	11	74
2020	First Nations	21	48	10	10	10	0	69	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	62	4	4	0	0	92	4	25
2020	Métis	47	39	9	5	0	0	86	5	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	37	10	6	3	0	82	9	844
2019	Indigenous	41	36	6	11	6	0	77	17	69
2019	First Nations	39	35	4	15	7	0	74	22	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	54	0	9	4	0	86	14	22
2019	Métis	50	19	16	10	6	0	69	15	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	39	9	8	3	0	81	10	789
2018	Indigenous	28	44	13	9	5	1	73	14	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	41	11	7	5	0	77	12	804

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	24	13	7	14	2	0	65	21	65
2022	First Nations	32	18	8	16	26	0	0	50	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	37	17	0	10	0	0	73	10	15
2022	Métis	46	23	20	5	0	6	0	73	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	28	8	6	3	0	1	82	10	925
2020	Indigenous	38	39	10	3	11	0	0	77	14	74
2020	First Nations	32	36	7	3	22	0	0	68	25	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	54	13	0	0	0	0	87	0	24
2020	Métis	51	26	9	6	9	0	0	77	14	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	26	10	6	3	0	2	80	10	847
2019	Indigenous	48	27	7	9	6	1	2	77	16	70
2019	First Nations	34	33	4	17	8	0	4	70	26	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	27	14	4	0	0	0	82	4	22
2019	Métis	58	19	4	4	10	5	0	80	15	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	28	9	5	5	0	2	81	10	789
2018	Indigenous	38	38	8	9	6	1	0	77	16	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	31	9	7	3	1	2	80	10	801

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	47	6	15	10	0	70	24	65
2022	First Nations	10	45	12	15	19	0	55	33	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	35	5	12	12	0	71	24	15
2022	Métis	29	56	0	15	0	0	85	15	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	10	8	4	1	78	12	925
2020	Indigenous	37	29	16	17	1	0	66	18	74
2020	First Nations	24	36	15	21	4	0	61	24	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	25	17	13	0	0	71	13	24
2020	Métis	45	23	15	17	0	0	68	17	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	35	10	7	4	1	79	11	845
2019	Indigenous	34	37	8	13	7	1	72	20	70
2019	First Nations	27	45	12	6	10	0	72	16	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	23	9	23	4	0	64	27	22
2019	Métis	39	37	0	14	6	4	80	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	32	9	8	3	1	80	11	792
2018	Indigenous	30	39	12	10	9	0	69	19	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	42	8	8	3	2	81	11	808

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	30	6	6	12	0	0	76	18	65
2022	First Nations	39	23	8	4	26	0	0	62	30	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	42	0	0	10	0	0	90	10	15
2022	Métis	53	26	9	11	0	0	0	80	11	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	19	9	3	3	2	2	84	7	925
2020	Indigenous	46	27	12	3	11	0	1	74	14	74
2020	First Nations	32	24	15	7	21	0	0	57	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	25	13	0	0	0	0	87	0	24
2020	Métis	46	33	7	0	9	0	5	83	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	20	10	4	3	2	3	82	7	843

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	18	15	19	14	0	0	52	33	65
2022	First Nations	31	12	7	16	34	0	0	43	50	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	30	19	0	5	0	0	76	5	15
2022	Métis	23	20	15	42	0	0	0	43	42	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	32	11	7	6	2	0	75	13	925
2020	Indigenous	29	31	19	10	8	3	0	62	19	74
2020	First Nations	14	43	15	3	18	7	0	61	23	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	34	4	13	0	0	0	83	13	24
2020	Métis	28	14	39	14	5	0	0	42	19	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	30	12	8	5	3	0	75	13	844
2019	Indigenous	39	34	5	12	10	0	0	73	21	70
2019	First Nations	23	51	3	16	7	0	0	74	23	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	27	9	0	9	0	0	82	9	22
2019	Métis	44	19	5	18	15	0	0	62	33	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	30	13	8	6	4	1	72	14	794
2018	Indigenous	26	25	20	18	11	1	0	51	29	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	33	13	11	6	3	0	69	18	800

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	28	8	6	8	1	5	77	15	65
2022	First Nations	46	32	8	7	3	0	3	81	11	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	32	12	9	11	5	5	65	22	15
2022	Métis	61	20	0	4	15	0	0	81	19	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	23	11	4	4	1	6	79	9	925
2020	Indigenous	48	23	15	10	1	3	0	73	12	74
2020	First Nations	43	28	23	3	3	0	0	71	6	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	21	12	17	0	8	0	69	18	24
2020	Métis	61	17	10	12	0	0	0	78	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	20	10	5	3	1	3	81	8	849
2019	Indigenous	64	19	8	4	3	1	1	85	7	70
2019	First Nations	46	35	12	3	4	0	0	81	7	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	14	9	4	5	4	0	81	10	22
2019	Métis	87	5	0	4	0	0	4	95	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	18	9	4	2	1	4	83	7	795

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	20	20	6	5	1	5	67	12	65
2022	First Nations	40	19	19	4	14	0	3	61	19	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	21	19	7	0	5	5	71	8	15
2022	Métis	54	20	21	4	0	0	0	74	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	16	9	5	3	1	4	82	8	925
2020	Indigenous	56	23	10	4	5	1	0	81	9	75
2020	First Nations	60	26	4	0	10	0	0	86	10	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	24	12	0	0	4	0	87	0	25
2020	Métis	48	19	15	13	5	0	0	67	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	19	10	4	2	1	3	83	7	847
2019	Indigenous	52	18	16	7	4	1	2	72	11	70
2019	First Nations	52	12	24	3	4	0	4	67	7	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	28	4	9	9	5	0	77	19	22
2019	Métis	57	15	19	9	0	0	0	72	9	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	18	9	4	2	1	5	84	7	794

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	12	9	7	10	3	5	72	19	65
2022	First Nations	42	11	12	4	27	0	3	56	32	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	74	5	12	0	0	5	5	87	0	15
2022	Métis	64	16	0	15	0	5	0	84	16	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	79	8	2	2	2	3	5	93	4	925
2020	Indigenous	73	10	7	3	5	3	0	84	8	75
2020	First Nations	60	14	7	4	14	0	0	75	18	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	84	8	4	0	0	4	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	76	5	11	4	0	5	0	85	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	83	6	3	2	1	3	3	94	3	849
2019	Indigenous	63	14	9	4	6	3	1	80	11	70
2019	First Nations	54	15	11	11	8	0	0	69	19	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	23	9	0	4	4	0	86	5	22
2019	Métis	78	5	4	0	4	5	4	90	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	7	3	1	2	2	5	94	3	794

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	12	10	4	4	3	7	81	8	65
2022	First Nations	70	4	3	4	10	0	8	81	15	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	18	14	0	0	10	5	83	0	15
2022	Métis	70	15	7	8	0	0	0	85	8	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	7	3	2	2	2	9	93	4	925
2020	Indigenous	71	17	4	1	1	1	4	93	3	75
2020	First Nations	53	26	4	4	3	0	11	88	7	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	75	12	9	0	0	4	0	91	0	25
2020	Métis	89	11	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	9	2	1	1	1	6	96	2	842
2019	Indigenous	74	15	3	3	1	1	1	92	5	67
2019	First Nations	62	21	8	9	0	0	0	84	9	24
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	24	0	0	5	5	0	95	5	21
2019	Métis	96	0	0	0	0	0	4	100	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	84	4	1	0	1	1	9	98	1	792

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	25	16	13	19	6	0	49	34	65
2022	First Nations	21	8	27	6	34	4	0	30	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	39	17	0	17	14	0	61	19	15
2022	Métis	20	36	0	33	6	5	0	59	41	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	26	11	13	17	2	7	55	33	925
2020	Indigenous	18	28	23	12	14	0	5	48	28	74
2020	First Nations	7	29	18	17	25	0	4	37	44	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	32	18	13	0	0	0	68	13	24
2020	Métis	13	23	33	4	16	0	10	41	22	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	21	14	14	16	3	8	50	34	849
2019	Indigenous	21	21	14	20	19	1	2	44	41	70
2019	First Nations	15	19	11	24	31	0	0	34	55	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	18	41	18	9	9	5	0	62	19	22
2019	Métis	29	5	14	27	16	0	9	38	47	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	14	14	16	2	7	52	33	794
2018	Indigenous	17	22	12	16	26	7	0	42	45	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	23	15	14	20	3	7	45	38	804

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	36	4	8	13	2	74	22	65
2022	First Nations	31	27	4	11	27	0	58	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	45	0	12	5	7	81	19	15
2022	Métis	47	38	4	4	6	0	86	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	34	7	8	4	0	81	12	925
2020	Indigenous	39	36	8	12	4	0	76	16	73
2020	First Nations	32	33	7	24	4	0	65	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	49	18	0	0	0	82	0	23
2020	Métis	55	28	0	9	8	0	83	17	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	32	9	6	3	0	81	10	846
2019	Indigenous	39	35	10	7	9	0	74	16	70
2019	First Nations	32	38	12	3	15	0	69	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	55	9	4	4	0	82	9	22
2019	Métis	58	13	9	14	6	0	71	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	30	9	6	4	0	81	11	794
2018	Indigenous	33	46	11	5	5	0	78	11	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	35	9	7	5	0	79	12	804

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	26	18	6	8	0	2	68	14	65
2022	First Nations	39	19	13	11	18	0	0	58	29	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	21	19	0	5	0	7	74	5	15
2022	Métis	42	32	20	6	0	0	0	74	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	30	11	6	4	0	0	79	9	925
2020	Indigenous	42	30	10	10	8	0	0	72	18	75
2020	First Nations	28	29	10	15	17	0	0	58	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	37	8	4	0	0	0	88	4	25
2020	Métis	49	24	11	12	5	0	0	73	17	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	10	6	4	1	0	80	10	847
2019	Indigenous	39	36	11	6	8	0	0	75	13	70
2019	First Nations	30	39	15	8	8	0	0	69	16	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	55	9	0	4	0	0	86	4	22
2019	Métis	57	14	9	9	11	0	0	71	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	27	10	6	3	0	0	81	9	793
2018	Indigenous	34	41	10	7	8	0	0	75	15	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	33	13	6	3	0	0	77	9	799

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	25	12	10	11	0	67	22	65
2022	First Nations	32	15	11	19	22	0	47	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	21	14	5	12	0	69	17	15
2022	Métis	42	37	14	6	0	0	79	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	32	10	6	3	0	80	10	925
2020	Indigenous	40	35	9	10	5	0	75	16	75
2020	First Nations	21	33	14	21	10	0	54	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	40	8	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	50	33	4	8	5	0	84	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	34	10	6	3	0	82	8	842
2019	Indigenous	42	36	12	4	6	0	78	10	69
2019	First Nations	39	32	19	3	7	0	71	10	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	39	9	0	5	0	86	5	21
2019	Métis	44	37	4	10	5	0	81	15	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	33	8	6	2	0	84	9	789
2018	Indigenous	31	35	13	13	9	0	65	21	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	33	13	7	3	1	77	10	800

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	30	18	7	13	0	0	62	20	65
2022	First Nations	24	26	12	11	26	0	0	51	37	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	42	18	0	12	0	0	70	12	15
2022	Métis	33	35	22	10	0	0	0	67	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	37	12	6	4	2	0	78	10	925
2020	Indigenous	28	47	11	6	7	1	0	76	13	75
2020	First Nations	22	35	18	10	14	0	0	58	24	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	64	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	30	44	10	8	5	5	0	77	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	39	11	5	3	1	0	81	8	842
2019	Indigenous	25	40	19	9	5	1	0	66	14	70
2019	First Nations	11	54	15	15	4	0	0	66	19	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	36	23	9	0	4	0	67	10	22
2019	Métis	44	23	23	0	11	0	0	66	11	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	38	11	6	2	2	1	80	9	793
2018	Indigenous	17	45	22	10	5	1	0	62	16	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	39	15	6	4	1	0	75	10	804

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	27	8	10	12	0	70	22	65
2022	First Nations	32	26	5	16	22	0	58	37	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	31	12	16	10	0	62	26	15
2022	Métis	65	21	10	0	4	0	86	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	22	7	5	4	0	83	9	925
2020	Indigenous	41	29	11	11	8	0	70	19	75
2020	First Nations	25	32	11	18	14	0	57	33	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	36	8	4	0	0	88	4	25
2020	Métis	50	18	15	9	9	0	67	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	25	7	6	3	0	84	9	845
2019	Indigenous	49	30	8	8	6	0	78	13	70
2019	First Nations	47	26	8	12	7	0	73	19	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	41	4	5	9	0	82	14	22
2019	Métis	58	24	13	4	0	0	82	4	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	22	5	6	2	0	87	8	792
2018	Indigenous	48	31	9	5	5	1	80	10	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	28	6	5	4	0	85	8	807

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	31	18	11	0	2	70	11	65
2022	First Nations	31	23	23	23	0	0	54	23	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	46	5	5	0	7	89	5	15
2022	Métis	43	34	18	5	0	0	77	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	31	15	8	4	0	73	12	925
2020	Indigenous	37	31	17	14	1	0	68	15	74
2020	First Nations	38	25	15	19	3	0	63	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	29	12	8	0	0	80	8	24
2020	Métis	22	41	23	15	0	0	62	15	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	18	8	4	0	70	12	843
2019	Indigenous	37	32	19	10	1	0	70	12	69
2019	First Nations	24	37	20	16	3	0	61	19	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	41	14	0	0	0	86	0	22
2019	Métis	44	19	23	14	0	0	63	14	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	31	16	7	3	0	74	10	793
2018	Indigenous	31	34	18	11	7	0	65	17	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	31	16	8	4	0	72	12	807

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	26	11	4	10	0	3	74	15	65
2022	First Nations	40	21	20	7	12	0	0	61	19	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	29	5	7	10	0	7	76	19	15
2022	Métis	55	21	10	0	9	0	5	79	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	17	5	2	1	2	2	92	3	925

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	24	43	65
2022	First Nations	33	21	47	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	23	46	15
2022	Métis	35	23	42	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	35	28	925
2020	Indigenous	19	41	39	75
2020	First Nations	21	55	25	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	8	24	69	25
2020	Métis	30	43	27	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	40	35	849
2019	Indigenous	21	40	39	70
2019	First Nations	7	51	42	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	32	41	22
2019	Métis	33	33	34	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	40	35	796
2018	Indigenous	30	25	45	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	36	37	807

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	7	40	21	5	13	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	20	42	8	9	8	345
2020	Indigenous	7	21	51	7	0	14	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	12	56	3	8	5	219
2019	Indigenous	17	13	38	0	0	33	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	11	47	4	11	10	205
2018	Indigenous	0	9	54	13	6	18	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	11	56	4	10	5	225

Top of page

Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	30	12	5	6	0	76	11	65
2022	First Nations	33	36	16	7	8	0	69	15	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	16	12	0	12	0	76	12	15
2022	Métis	52	31	7	10	0	0	83	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	29	4	3	1	0	92	4	925
2020	Indigenous	47	38	8	7	0	0	86	7	75
2020	First Nations	36	44	7	14	0	0	80	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	28	13	0	0	0	87	0	25
2020	Métis	50	42	4	5	0	0	91	5	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	64	28	4	3	2	0	92	5	844
2019	Indigenous	55	30	4	4	5	2	87	8	69
2019	First Nations	54	28	3	6	4	4	86	11	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	36	4	0	4	0	91	4	22
2019	Métis	57	28	6	4	6	0	84	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	27	5	3	1	0	91	4	791
2018	Indigenous	48	34	9	6	1	2	84	7	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	62	31	4	2	1	0	93	3	806

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	38	12	10	8	0	70	18	65
2022	First Nations	21	34	8	20	18	0	55	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	42	19	0	5	0	76	5	15
2022	Métis	43	41	11	4	0	0	84	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	35	9	7	4	1	80	11	925
2020	Indigenous	29	47	11	9	4	0	76	13	75
2020	First Nations	23	42	4	21	10	0	65	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	51	13	4	0	0	83	4	25
2020	Métis	35	48	17	0	0	0	83	0	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	37	8	7	3	1	82	10	849
2019	Indigenous	40	36	15	6	3	1	76	9	70
2019	First Nations	31	42	12	8	7	0	73	15	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	32	14	0	0	4	86	0	22
2019	Métis	38	32	20	10	0	0	70	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	41	7	7	3	1	82	11	792
2018	Indigenous	26	43	12	12	5	2	71	17	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	43	12	9	3	0	76	12	802

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	24	33	17	16	0	2	33	33	65
2022	First Nations	11	27	29	16	17	0	0	32	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	14	36	26	10	0	0	35	28	15
2022	Métis	0	26	40	15	19	0	0	35	26	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	20	31	19	18	1	2	39	29	925
2020	Indigenous	16	33	20	21	8	1	0	30	50	75
2020	First Nations	25	38	15	17	4	0	0	21	64	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	28	27	25	4	4	0	31	41	25
2020	Métis	10	33	17	22	19	0	0	41	42	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	16	34	25	14	1	1	40	25	849
2019	Indigenous	9	15	40	18	15	0	3	34	25	70
2019	First Nations	11	18	49	12	10	0	0	23	29	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	4	18	32	32	14	0	0	45	23	22
2019	Métis	10	10	37	13	19	0	11	36	23	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	17	32	26	18	1	1	45	22	789
2018	Indigenous	11	28	32	19	10	0	0	29	39	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	19	30	25	15	1	2	41	28	807

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	18	39	20	11	1	1	32	28	65
2022	First Nations	11	15	44	14	13	0	4	28	26	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	19	40	20	0	5	0	21	37	15
2022	Métis	4	19	30	31	15	0	0	46	24	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	14	25	25	23	1	3	50	24	925
2020	Indigenous	11	17	37	17	14	0	4	32	29	74
2020	First Nations	11	28	29	24	8	0	0	32	39	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	0	67	8	8	0	4	17	14	25
2020	Métis	8	20	14	19	29	0	10	53	31	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	9	24	31	26	2	2	59	16	846
2019	Indigenous	17	11	33	22	14	1	2	37	29	70
2019	First Nations	19	24	30	20	7	0	0	27	43	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	4	46	22	9	5	0	33	19	22
2019	Métis	18	0	25	20	28	0	9	53	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	10	24	28	29	1	2	58	18	791
2018	Indigenous	22	19	26	24	9	0	0	33	41	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	12	27	26	23	1	1	51	21	802

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	11	32	28	21	0	2	50	17	65
2022	First Nations	10	13	34	22	21	0	0	43	23	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	9	39	38	14	0	0	52	9	15
2022	Métis	6	9	20	35	29	0	0	64	15	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	11	24	30	26	1	2	58	17	925
2020	Indigenous	5	16	34	26	15	1	2	42	22	74
2020	First Nations	8	19	30	37	4	0	3	42	27	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	8	4	37	27	20	4	0	49	13	25
2020	Métis	0	24	38	12	22	0	4	36	25	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	7	25	37	26	1	1	64	11	846
2019	Indigenous	7	6	24	31	30	0	1	62	13	69
2019	First Nations	8	8	41	28	15	0	0	43	16	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	4	5	14	45	32	0	0	77	9	22
2019	Métis	9	4	15	18	49	0	4	70	14	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	6	23	33	32	0	1	66	10	790
2018	Indigenous	10	18	36	22	13	1	0	36	28	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	10	25	33	25	1	1	59	16	802

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	23	24	16	16	1	2	32	43	65
2022	First Nations	34	27	21	10	4	4	0	14	64	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	15	27	20	34	0	0	54	20	15
2022	Métis	15	21	26	24	14	0	0	38	36	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	18	24	19	21	1	4	42	32	925
2020	Indigenous	13	21	26	21	17	0	1	39	35	75
2020	First Nations	22	15	36	20	4	0	3	25	38	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	8	8	25	31	28	0	0	60	15	25
2020	Métis	9	43	14	11	23	0	0	34	52	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	15	25	26	23	2	1	50	24	848
2019	Indigenous	11	20	22	27	18	1	0	46	32	70
2019	First Nations	15	14	32	31	7	0	0	38	30	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	4	18	13	41	18	5	0	62	24	22
2019	Métis	13	31	19	9	29	0	0	38	44	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	14	25	24	26	1	2	52	22	791
2018	Indigenous	11	30	23	24	11	1	0	35	41	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	17	27	23	21	1	3	45	27	804

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	25	15	22	8	4	4	32	51	65
2022	First Nations	38	30	4	14	6	4	4	22	74	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	25	19	33	0	9	0	36	44	15
2022	Métis	17	13	26	30	14	0	0	44	30	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	23	21	21	2	5	46	29	925
2020	Indigenous	12	17	18	25	20	3	5	48	32	74
2020	First Nations	8	17	19	36	20	0	0	56	25	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	15	15	20	16	8	8	43	38	25
2020	Métis	13	19	19	16	23	0	9	43	36	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	10	21	29	29	3	2	61	17	845
2019	Indigenous	10	14	23	23	25	5	0	51	25	70
2019	First Nations	7	11	27	28	24	3	0	53	19	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	4	14	32	18	23	9	0	45	20	22
2019	Métis	19	18	9	24	30	0	0	54	37	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	15	27	26	23	3	2	52	20	787
2018	Indigenous	16	17	22	29	12	2	1	43	34	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	14	26	24	22	2	3	49	23	804

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	29	30	17	10	2	4	29	39	65
2022	First Nations	14	35	27	4	20	0	0	24	49	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	26	32	23	5	9	0	30	34	15
2022	Métis	4	27	30	28	5	0	5	36	33	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	12	28	24	21	2	3	48	22	925
2020	Indigenous	15	11	28	28	12	3	2	42	28	74
2020	First Nations	15	21	36	17	8	0	3	26	37	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	5	24	37	12	9	0	54	20	24
2020	Métis	16	6	24	31	19	0	4	52	23	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	8	27	31	26	2	1	58	14	844
2019	Indigenous	18	9	25	22	17	5	5	43	29	70
2019	First Nations	27	8	42	17	3	0	3	21	36	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	4	18	36	23	9	0	65	15	22
2019	Métis	15	14	10	13	30	5	13	53	35	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	10	26	28	26	1	1	56	17	793
2018	Indigenous	16	18	30	17	13	6	0	32	36	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	13	27	29	21	1	2	51	21	802

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	11	29	27	15	2	6	46	22	65
2022	First Nations	10	7	20	33	26	0	4	61	18	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	12	40	17	0	0	9	18	38	15
2022	Métis	0	12	31	37	20	0	0	58	12	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	7	27	31	28	0	2	60	13	925
2020	Indigenous	11	19	29	27	14	1	0	41	30	75
2020	First Nations	14	11	31	32	12	0	0	43	26	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	28	24	16	21	0	0	37	39	25
2020	Métis	5	19	33	31	9	4	0	42	24	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	8	28	32	27	1	1	60	12	848
2019	Indigenous	11	21	24	18	23	0	3	43	33	70
2019	First Nations	8	31	18	19	23	0	0	42	40	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	18	36	18	18	0	0	36	27	22
2019	Métis	19	10	18	15	30	0	9	49	31	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	12	26	30	26	0	1	56	17	789

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	34	10	13	21	3	0	54	35	65
2022	First Nations	12	15	7	20	46	0	0	28	65	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	53	0	5	5	12	0	88	12	15
2022	Métis	19	39	16	15	10	0	0	58	25	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	34	12	14	8	3	1	65	22	925
2020	Indigenous	20	48	12	11	8	1	0	69	19	74
2020	First Nations	11	36	19	15	18	0	0	47	33	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	49	8	8	0	4	0	83	8	25
2020	Métis	18	61	7	9	5	0	0	79	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	36	12	10	5	2	0	72	16	842
2019	Indigenous	30	40	10	14	4	1	0	71	19	69
2019	First Nations	15	59	8	6	11	0	0	74	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	41	5	4	0	4	0	90	5	22
2019	Métis	31	14	19	36	0	0	0	46	36	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	37	13	14	7	3	0	66	21	790

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	28	3	8	14	0	75	22	65
2022	First Nations	43	15	0	11	31	0	58	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	42	5	5	10	0	80	15	15
2022	Métis	54	35	6	5	0	0	89	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	24	6	4	4	1	85	8	925
2020	Indigenous	46	33	5	9	7	0	79	16	74
2020	First Nations	32	40	7	7	14	0	72	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	8	12	0	0	80	12	24
2020	Métis	60	28	0	8	4	0	88	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	22	7	6	4	1	83	10	848
2019	Indigenous	50	25	6	11	8	0	74	20	70
2019	First Nations	35	32	4	11	18	0	67	29	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	32	9	5	0	0	86	5	22
2019	Métis	62	9	6	19	4	0	71	23	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	23	7	8	4	1	82	11	796
2018	Indigenous	40	29	14	9	8	0	69	17	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	29	7	9	4	1	79	13	802

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	37	4	9	8	80	16	65
2022	First Nations	36	23	7	19	14	59	33	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	42	5	0	10	85	10	15
2022	Métis	49	46	0	5	0	95	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	22	5	4	2	89	6	925
2020	Indigenous	54	31	1	7	7	85	13	74
2020	First Nations	29	46	0	15	11	74	26	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	69	23	4	4	0	92	4	25
2020	Métis	68	23	0	0	9	91	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	24	4	5	1	89	6	845
2019	Indigenous	45	35	5	10	4	80	15	70
2019	First Nations	31	40	3	22	4	71	26	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	41	4	0	0	96	0	22
2019	Métis	52	23	9	6	10	75	16	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	24	5	5	2	87	7	795
2018	Indigenous	41	37	9	11	3	78	13	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	33	5	7	2	86	9	796

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	35	8	6	8	2	2	77	15	65
2022	First Nations	46	8	11	13	18	4	0	57	32	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	41	17	0	5	0	7	76	5	15
2022	Métis	35	59	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	28	7	2	2	1	0	88	5	925
2020	Indigenous	43	41	7	3	6	0	0	84	9	74
2020	First Nations	28	47	11	7	7	0	0	75	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	50	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	24
2020	Métis	64	24	0	0	12	0	0	88	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	29	7	4	2	1	0	87	6	845
2019	Indigenous	41	32	16	9	3	0	0	73	11	70
2019	First Nations	31	39	12	14	4	0	0	70	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	32	23	5	0	0	0	73	5	22
2019	Métis	53	23	14	6	4	0	0	76	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	30	6	4	2	1	0	88	6	794
2018	Indigenous	38	39	12	7	3	1	0	78	10	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	36	9	3	2	1	0	86	5	803

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	30	12	11	9	0	0	67	21	65
2022	First Nations	32	27	0	20	22	0	0	58	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	41	18	0	5	0	0	77	5	15
2022	Métis	37	34	21	8	0	0	0	71	8	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	34	8	5	3	2	0	83	8	925
2020	Indigenous	38	38	10	6	8	0	0	76	14	75
2020	First Nations	29	29	14	10	18	0	0	58	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	49	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	44	39	5	8	5	0	0	83	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	31	8	5	3	1	0	84	8	843
2019	Indigenous	41	36	9	8	6	0	0	77	14	70
2019	First Nations	27	47	8	7	11	0	0	74	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	36	9	4	0	0	0	86	4	22
2019	Métis	48	23	10	14	6	0	0	71	19	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	30	8	5	3	1	0	84	7	793
2018	Indigenous	43	34	8	9	5	0	1	77	14	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	32	7	5	2	1	0	86	7	806

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	38	21	3	7	1	0	69	10	65
2022	First Nations	27	35	20	0	14	4	0	65	15	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	48	18	0	7	0	0	75	7	15
2022	Métis	32	37	22	9	0	0	0	69	9	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	10	4	3	6	0	82	7	925
2020	Indigenous	46	34	10	4	6	1	0	81	9	75
2020	First Nations	39	36	3	7	15	0	0	75	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	24	9	0	0	4	0	91	0	25
2020	Métis	37	41	18	4	0	0	0	78	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	28	12	4	2	4	1	81	6	847
2019	Indigenous	50	36	9	4	2	0	0	86	6	70
2019	First Nations	34	52	7	3	4	0	0	86	7	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	27	9	4	0	0	0	86	4	22
2019	Métis	62	23	10	5	0	0	0	85	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	26	11	3	2	3	0	84	5	792
2018	Indigenous	35	40	14	4	8	0	0	75	11	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	31	11	4	2	3	0	82	6	804

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	22	9	6	10	76	16	65
2022	First Nations	42	19	4	8	26	62	34	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	23	17	0	0	83	0	15
2022	Métis	65	25	0	10	0	90	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	26	5	3	2	89	5	925
2020	Indigenous	50	31	8	4	7	82	10	75
2020	First Nations	36	36	7	7	14	71	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	68	24	8	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	50	33	10	4	4	83	8	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	21	6	3	1	90	4	846
2019	Indigenous	59	27	7	2	5	86	7	70
2019	First Nations	48	27	11	6	8	75	14	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	68	27	0	0	4	96	4	22
2019	Métis	62	28	10	0	0	90	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	25	4	3	3	91	5	794
2018	Indigenous	49	36	4	7	4	86	10	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	27	6	3	2	88	6	804

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	27	8	9	11	7	6	68	23	65
2022	First Nations	32	20	0	8	30	10	0	58	42	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	29	16	0	0	14	14	78	0	15
2022	Métis	31	35	5	20	0	0	9	73	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	7	3	4	4	4	84	8	925

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	30	14	7	11	4	6	64	20	65
2022	First Nations	35	12	12	4	30	7	0	51	36	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	31	21	7	0	5	15	65	9	15
2022	Métis	27	46	5	13	0	0	9	80	15	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	24	7	4	4	4	5	83	9	925

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	16	24	12	9	13	2	46	25	65
2022	First Nations	32	15	20	7	18	8	0	51	28	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	17	25	22	0	22	0	40	28	15
2022	Métis	15	21	27	12	8	17	0	43	25	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	20	19	8	4	15	1	62	15	925
2020	Indigenous	32	37	21	5	4	1	0	70	10	75
2020	First Nations	18	35	28	7	11	0	0	53	19	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	40	8	4	0	4	0	87	4	25
2020	Métis	36	36	24	4	0	0	0	73	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	26	18	6	3	8	1	70	11	847

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	32	8	8	12	7	0	69	22	65
2022	First Nations	35	16	0	15	33	0	0	52	48	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	39	20	0	0	14	0	77	0	15
2022	Métis	30	44	6	8	0	11	0	84	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	29	6	4	3	5	2	86	8	925
2020	Indigenous	41	40	4	7	7	0	1	82	14	75
2020	First Nations	29	46	3	10	11	0	0	75	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	55	37	4	4	0	0	0	92	4	25
2020	Métis	40	37	5	6	9	0	4	80	15	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	25	7	4	3	3	3	84	8	845

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	23	26	5	9	24	8	41	21	65
2022	First Nations	3	26	30	8	22	7	4	32	35	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	9	40	0	5	31	11	24	8	15
2022	Métis	10	32	13	0	0	41	5	76	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	17	20	4	3	39	4	53	12	925

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	28	19	8	15	0	0	57	24	65
2022	First Nations	24	20	8	10	38	0	0	44	49	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	41	31	0	5	0	0	64	5	15
2022	Métis	29	32	23	16	0	0	0	60	16	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	25	12	5	6	9	7	73	13	925
2020	Indigenous	27	34	10	9	12	4	5	67	22	75
2020	First Nations	18	39	11	4	25	0	4	59	30	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	39	17	12	0	0	4	71	12	25
2020	Métis	38	22	0	11	9	12	9	75	25	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	27	14	6	5	6	5	72	12	847
2019	Indigenous	32	25	13	10	17	1	1	59	28	70
2019	First Nations	20	23	4	17	33	0	3	44	52	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	36	23	5	0	5	0	71	5	22
2019	Métis	48	18	14	6	14	0	0	66	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	26	15	7	5	7	3	70	13	794
2018	Indigenous	27	32	12	12	12	4	3	63	25	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	27	18	10	5	7	4	63	17	803

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	33	21	7	13	1	0	59	20	65
2022	First Nations	20	30	12	11	26	0	0	51	37	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	43	29	0	5	5	0	65	5	15
2022	Métis	32	32	21	9	6	0	0	64	15	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	31	11	8	4	2	1	77	12	925
2020	Indigenous	32	35	11	10	8	4	0	69	19	74
2020	First Nations	26	41	4	14	16	0	0	67	29	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	24	8	8	4	8	0	78	12	25
2020	Métis	21	39	24	9	4	4	0	62	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	29	9	7	4	1	0	79	11	846
2019	Indigenous	43	30	7	8	10	1	0	74	19	70
2019	First Nations	44	28	10	4	14	0	0	72	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	41	4	9	0	5	0	86	10	22
2019	Métis	43	23	5	13	16	0	0	66	29	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	28	8	7	4	3	1	79	12	792
2018	Indigenous	29	33	14	15	6	3	0	63	22	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	33	10	9	4	2	1	76	13	804

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	28	15	10	14	2	61	24	65
2022	First Nations	29	26	4	11	30	0	55	41	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	35	23	0	5	9	70	6	15
2022	Métis	27	32	22	14	5	0	59	19	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	30	14	6	3	1	76	10	925
2020	Indigenous	32	38	12	8	5	4	73	14	74
2020	First Nations	22	43	11	10	11	3	67	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	38	9	9	0	4	82	9	24
2020	Métis	36	33	17	5	4	5	73	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	30	13	5	3	1	78	8	845
2019	Indigenous	31	44	12	5	8	0	75	13	70
2019	First Nations	27	48	11	6	8	0	74	15	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	36	18	4	0	0	77	4	22
2019	Métis	23	49	8	5	16	0	71	21	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	31	13	6	4	2	77	10	792
2018	Indigenous	24	35	18	16	7	0	59	23	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	32	15	8	4	2	72	12	803

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	30	4	15	22	9	1	53	42	65
2022	First Nations	13	23	0	7	46	7	4	40	60	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	38	5	9	10	21	0	69	24	15
2022	Métis	24	26	5	31	10	4	0	52	43	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	23	15	7	7	13	4	65	17	925
2020	Indigenous	24	29	15	10	15	5	3	57	26	74
2020	First Nations	14	32	11	7	25	4	7	52	36	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	30	22	8	4	8	0	63	13	24
2020	Métis	31	24	14	14	12	5	0	58	28	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	20	15	7	8	10	3	65	17	845
2019	Indigenous	30	25	19	5	14	7	0	60	20	69
2019	First Nations	16	37	13	8	19	7	0	57	30	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	32	23	0	4	4	0	71	5	22
2019	Métis	39	5	22	5	19	10	0	49	26	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	21	15	9	9	12	4	61	21	790
2018	Indigenous	13	31	18	14	18	3	3	47	34	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	21	17	10	11	13	4	55	25	805

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	35	6	12	1	81	14	65
2022	First Nations	40	23	8	29	0	63	29	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	60	0	0	5	95	5	15
2022	Métis	60	25	11	5	0	85	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	33	4	8	3	85	11	925
2020	Indigenous	40	44	1	13	1	84	15	74
2020	First Nations	33	41	4	21	0	75	21	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	45	0	8	0	92	8	25
2020	Métis	40	47	0	9	4	86	14	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	38	2	7	2	88	9	849

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	25	6	9	4	0	81	13	65
2022	First Nations	47	19	8	18	8	0	66	26	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	42	7	5	5	0	83	10	15
2022	Métis	75	16	4	5	0	0	91	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	26	5	6	2	1	87	8	925
2020	Indigenous	38	47	4	7	3	1	86	10	74
2020	First Nations	35	40	6	15	4	0	75	19	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	37	0	0	4	0	96	4	24
2020	Métis	20	66	4	5	0	5	91	5	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	35	7	7	2	1	84	9	849
2019	Indigenous	41	39	6	9	5	0	80	14	69
2019	First Nations	32	45	8	11	3	0	77	14	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	47	5	10	5	0	81	14	21
2019	Métis	57	23	5	5	10	0	81	15	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	22	3	7	2	0	88	10	793

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	38	2	8	7	82	15	65
2022	First Nations	31	35	0	22	12	67	33	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	19	9	0	12	79	12	15
2022	Métis	41	59	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	26	6	5	3	86	7	925
2020	Indigenous	45	36	7	9	3	82	12	75
2020	First Nations	39	29	11	14	7	68	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	31	8	4	0	88	4	25
2020	Métis	41	51	0	9	0	91	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	32	6	5	1	87	7	837
2019	Indigenous	37	48	7	4	4	85	8	68
2019	First Nations	37	43	11	6	3	80	10	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	50	4	5	4	86	9	22
2019	Métis	40	50	4	0	6	90	6	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	67	22	5	5	1	89	6	790

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	23	3	5	1	0	2	90	6	65
2022	First Nations	75	12	0	14	0	0	0	86	14	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	32	5	0	5	0	7	90	5	15
2022	Métis	66	27	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	15	3	3	1	1	1	94	3	925
2020	Indigenous	62	31	3	1	1	0	1	95	2	75
2020	First Nations	63	30	0	3	3	0	0	94	6	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	44	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	71	19	5	0	0	0	5	95	0	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	13	2	1	1	1	0	95	3	846

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	6	8	4	6	2	81	10	65
2022	First Nations	70	0	15	7	4	5	73	11	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	5	11	0	17	0	72	17	15
2022	Métis	83	11	0	6	0	0	94	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	86	7	2	1	1	3	95	2	925
2019	Indigenous	79	12	1	0	1	6	97	1	70
2019	First Nations	82	14	0	0	0	4	100	0	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	78	13	4	0	0	4	95	0	22
2019	Métis	75	9	0	0	5	11	95	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	84	6	3	2	2	3	93	4	792

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	20	14	8	11	5	20	56	25	65
2022	First Nations	18	7	7	7	15	3	44	46	41	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	31	22	7	15	14	11	41	29	15
2022	Métis	45	27	10	14	5	0	0	72	19	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	24	15	4	3	3	2	76	8	925
2020	Indigenous	29	21	13	5	12	4	16	62	21	75
2020	First Nations	20	18	4	0	21	4	33	60	34	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	20	32	8	8	8	8	43	19	25
2020	Métis	53	25	5	8	5	0	5	82	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	22	10	3	4	3	2	83	7	849
2019	Indigenous	43	22	7	11	11	2	5	70	23	70
2019	First Nations	22	23	7	16	20	4	8	51	41	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	23	9	13	0	0	0	77	13	22
2019	Métis	57	23	4	0	10	0	6	85	11	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	20	9	3	3	3	3	84	6	794

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	65
2022	First Nations	38	62	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	925
2020	Indigenous	17	83	75
2020	First Nations	28	72	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	849
2019	Indigenous	20	80	70
2019	First Nations	30	70	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	795
2018	Indigenous	28	72	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	805

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	70
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	66
2018	Indigenous	66	34	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	101

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	87	13	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	70
2019	Indigenous	65	35	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	38	66
2018	Indigenous	54	46	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	41	101

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	70
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	66

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	70
2020	Indigenous	0	100	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	64

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	70

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	70

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	70

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	70
2020	Indigenous	46	54	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	64
2019	Indigenous	38	62	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	66
2018	Indigenous	47	53	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	100

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	70
2020	Indigenous	40	60	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	64
2019	Indigenous	45	55	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	66
2018	Indigenous	33	67	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	100

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	34	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	70
2020	Indigenous	45	55	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	64
2019	Indigenous	51	49	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	66
2018	Indigenous	46	54	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	100

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	39	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	70
2020	Indigenous	46	54	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	64
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	66
2018	Indigenous	43	57	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	100

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	70
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	66
2018	Indigenous	40	60	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	100

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	70
2019	Indigenous	36	64	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	40	66
2018	Indigenous	61	39	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	100

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	70
2018	Indigenous	29	71	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	100

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	70
2020	Indigenous	0	100	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	64

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	70

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	70

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	89	11	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	70
2020	Indigenous	47	53	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	64
2019	Indigenous	44	56	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	66
2018	Indigenous	52	48	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	66	100

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	70
2018	Indigenous	23	77	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	79	100

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	70
2020	Indigenous	0	100	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	64

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	70
2020	Indigenous	62	38	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	44	64
2019	Indigenous	61	39	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	65
2018	Indigenous	55	45	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	33	101

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	70
2018	Indigenous	23	77	19
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	68	101

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	70

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	70

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	70

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	70

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	70
2020	Indigenous	0	100	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	64

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	70
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	65

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	70

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	60

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	60

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	60
2018	Indigenous	0	100	17
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	96

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	60

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	60

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	60

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	60

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	60

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	60

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	60
2018	Indigenous	40	60	17
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	96

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	60
2018	Indigenous	0	100	17
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	96

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	60
2018	Indigenous	51	49	17
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	96

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	60

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	41	60
2018	Indigenous	62	38	17
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	96

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	60

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	60

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	19	13	5	18	24	1	51	32	65
2022	Métis	24	17	5	13	0	41	0	69	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	12	11	4	3	36	15	64	14	925
2020	Indigenous	24	17	15	8	11	21	4	55	25	75
2020	First Nations	15	27	11	13	22	11	0	48	40	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	17	24	4	0	19	0	66	5	25
2020	Métis	21	5	10	6	9	35	14	52	29	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	14	12	4	4	29	9	68	12	847
2019	Indigenous	14	15	26	12	6	12	15	40	24	70
2019	First Nations	11	16	24	27	7	0	14	32	40	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	23	9	50	0	0	9	9	39	0	22
2019	Métis	9	19	5	4	10	29	23	59	30	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	13	14	4	5	28	10	64	14	796
2018	Indigenous	21	17	26	6	13	14	3	46	23	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	14	17	6	6	27	8	56	18	806

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	33	10	7	11	14	0	67	21	65
2022	First Nations	24	24	7	16	29	0	0	47	46	25
2022	Métis	24	46	8	0	0	22	0	89	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	28	14	4	3	12	2	77	8	925
2020	Indigenous	36	27	15	7	11	5	0	66	19	75
2020	First Nations	32	25	14	6	22	0	0	57	29	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	16	8	0	8	0	74	8	25
2020	Métis	37	26	15	6	9	8	0	68	16	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	25	14	4	3	8	1	77	7	847
2019	Indigenous	30	32	16	10	4	6	1	67	16	70
2019	First Nations	19	36	16	22	4	3	0	56	27	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	23	27	0	0	0	4	72	0	22
2019	Métis	24	39	4	4	10	18	0	77	18	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	25	12	4	3	9	1	79	8	796
2018	Indigenous	30	29	20	6	9	7	0	63	16	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	27	16	5	4	10	0	72	10	803

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	65
2022	First Nations	23	77	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	925
2020	Indigenous	12	88	75
2020	First Nations	21	79	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	848
2019	Indigenous	15	85	70
2019	First Nations	19	81	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	792
2018	Indigenous	14	86	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	807

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	40
2018	Indigenous	47	53	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	39

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	20	40

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	40

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	40

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	40

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	40

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	40
2019	Indigenous	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	40

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	40
2018	Indigenous	48	52	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	39

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	40

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	40

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	40

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	40

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	40

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	40
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	39

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	40

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	40

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	40
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	39

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	40
2019	Indigenous	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	39
2018	Indigenous	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	39

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	40
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	39
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	39

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	40
2019	Indigenous	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	39
2018	Indigenous	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	39

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	40

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	40

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	40

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	40

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	40

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	40
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	39

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	40

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	40

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	40

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	40

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	35

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	35

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	35

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	35

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	35

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	35

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	35

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	35

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	35

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	35

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	35
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	38

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	35
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	38

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	35
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	38

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	35

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	35

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	35

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	19	22	8	12	19	1	47	25	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	11	13	2	2	39	11	66	9	925
2020	Indigenous	22	19	20	5	8	23	3	56	17	75
2020	First Nations	14	28	18	7	18	14	0	49	29	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	22	28	0	0	19	0	66	0	25
2020	Métis	21	5	14	6	4	40	10	52	19	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	11	15	2	2	32	8	68	7	844
2019	Indigenous	15	18	23	6	5	17	16	49	17	70
2019	First Nations	8	23	20	11	7	12	18	45	26	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	23	23	36	0	4	5	9	53	5	22
2019	Métis	18	5	14	5	4	33	21	49	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	10	15	2	3	32	10	65	10	795
2018	Indigenous	24	18	26	6	6	15	4	52	16	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	13	18	2	3	35	8	62	8	805

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	29	16	5	9	12	1	65	16	65
2022	First Nations	32	23	19	4	22	0	0	55	26	25
2022	Métis	29	21	14	11	0	22	4	67	14	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	27	12	3	3	13	1	78	7	925
2020	Indigenous	28	32	23	2	10	5	0	63	13	75
2020	First Nations	18	28	32	3	19	0	0	46	22	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	38	16	4	0	8	0	78	4	25
2020	Métis	32	32	19	0	9	8	0	69	9	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	24	15	3	3	10	1	77	7	843
2019	Indigenous	41	20	14	9	2	9	4	71	13	70
2019	First Nations	37	20	12	15	3	9	3	65	21	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	18	23	4	0	0	4	72	5	22
2019	Métis	35	24	9	5	4	18	6	77	12	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	23	14	2	3	11	1	79	6	794
2018	Indigenous	31	30	19	7	5	9	0	66	14	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	26	15	3	3	13	1	76	7	804

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	65
2022	First Nations	18	82	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	15
2022	Métis	17	83	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	925
2020	Indigenous	18	82	74
2020	First Nations	26	74	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	25
2020	Métis	14	86	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	846
2019	Indigenous	21	79	70
2019	First Nations	33	67	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	22
2019	Métis	19	81	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	794

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	90
2020	Indigenous	68	32	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	86

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	32	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	30	90
2020	Indigenous	69	31	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	90	10	87
2019	Indigenous	78	22	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	84	16	117

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	28	4	12	4	3	79	17	65
2019	Indigenous	63	37	0	0	0	0	100	0	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	25	4	8	1	0	86	9	96

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	26	12	4	9	5	5	71	15	65
2022	First Nations	43	29	4	8	16	0	0	72	24	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	20	24	0	10	19	9	53	14	15
2022	Métis	45	36	10	5	4	0	0	80	9	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	28	6	4	1	2	3	88	6	925
2020	Indigenous	43	36	9	6	5	0	0	80	12	74
2020	First Nations	42	22	19	6	11	0	0	64	17	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	58	5	9	0	0	0	87	9	24
2020	Métis	60	33	0	4	4	0	0	92	8	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	24	7	2	1	2	4	89	4	847

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	20	22	7	5	30
2022	First Nations	50	13	21	7	10	15
2022	Métis	42	36	22	0	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	31	6	6	21	585

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	87	13	50
2022	First Nations	83	17	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	93	7	15
2022	Métis	81	19	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	645

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	50
2022	First Nations	37	63	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	31	15
2022	Métis	27	73	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	645

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	50
2022	First Nations	50	50	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	34	15
2022	Métis	64	36	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	645

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	50
2022	First Nations	55	45	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	29	15
2022	Métis	34	66	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	645

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	50
2022	First Nations	35	65	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	48	15
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	645

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	50
2022	First Nations	24	76	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	81	19	15
2022	Métis	35	65	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	645

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	50
2022	First Nations	19	81	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	53	15
2022	Métis	17	83	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	645

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	50
2022	First Nations	27	73	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	59	15
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	645

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	50
2022	First Nations	48	52	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	47	15
2022	Métis	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	645

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	50
2022	First Nations	30	70	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	54	15
2022	Métis	18	82	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	645

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	50
2022	First Nations	25	75	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	45	15
2022	Métis	28	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	645

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	50
2022	First Nations	10	90	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	645

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	50
2022	First Nations	20	80	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	15
2022	Métis	26	74	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	645

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	12	8	7	6	5	5	78	14	50
2022	First Nations	63	22	5	0	10	0	0	85	10	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	11	11	21	6	15	10	49	36	15
2022	Métis	92	0	0	0	0	0	8	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	10	4	1	1	0	2	94	2	645

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	17	18	12	40	6	5	58	21	50
2022	First Nations	0	16	16	9	48	6	5	64	18	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	19	17	16	20	13	10	47	31	15
2022	Métis	0	13	8	7	72	0	0	79	13	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	15	14	16	41	3	5	62	24	645

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	25	13	17	30	4	3	50	35	50
2022	First Nations	5	21	14	17	43	0	0	60	26	20
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	33	13	15	5	11	10	25	59	15
2022	Métis	0	16	10	17	57	0	0	74	16	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	23	20	15	28	3	1	45	34	645

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	21	7	5	12	0	0	75	17	65
2022	First Nations	39	24	7	4	26	0	0	62	31	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	7	7	10	0	0	76	17	15
2022	Métis	63	26	5	6	0	0	0	89	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	21	6	3	4	1	1	87	7	925
2020	Indigenous	48	26	11	6	8	0	0	74	15	74
2020	First Nations	31	29	14	11	15	0	0	60	26	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	24	13	4	0	0	0	83	4	25
2020	Métis	58	24	5	4	9	0	0	82	13	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	23	6	5	3	1	2	86	8	845

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	12	17	5	36	6	12	49	30	65
2022	First Nations	34	16	11	4	31	0	3	37	52	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	5	32	7	27	24	5	48	7	15
2022	Métis	0	5	11	4	55	0	25	79	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	4	9	5	48	5	25	76	10	920

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	34	15	8	4	0	72	12	65
2022	First Nations	39	24	8	19	10	0	63	29	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	55	12	0	0	0	88	0	15
2022	Métis	32	41	27	0	0	0	73	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	36	13	6	3	3	77	10	925
2020	Indigenous	40	40	5	8	5	1	81	14	75
2020	First Nations	28	40	4	17	11	0	68	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	44	4	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	42	35	8	6	4	5	81	10	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	30	10	4	1	1	85	5	848
2019	Indigenous	39	37	14	7	3	0	76	10	70
2019	First Nations	34	44	7	15	0	0	78	15	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	18	27	4	0	0	68	4	22
2019	Métis	31	49	9	0	10	0	80	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	33	12	4	1	2	82	6	793
2018	Indigenous	33	42	10	9	4	1	76	13	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	35	12	7	2	3	78	9	807

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	23	25	29	9	65
2022	First Nations	11	37	25	11	16	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	16	13	50	12	15
2022	Métis	5	18	39	38	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	31	36	16	5	925

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	22	11	3	8	5	0	77	11	65
2022	First Nations	39	31	8	0	22	0	0	70	22	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	45	34	7	0	0	14	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	63	6	21	4	0	6	0	74	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	8	2	2	2	1	88	4	925
2020	Indigenous	52	20	13	6	7	1	0	73	13	75
2020	First Nations	32	28	19	10	11	0	0	60	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	21	16	0	0	0	0	84	0	25
2020	Métis	65	10	4	9	9	5	0	78	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	24	9	3	3	2	2	84	6	847

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	18	7	15	13	0	0	64	28	65
2022	First Nations	39	19	3	12	26	0	0	58	39	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	25	7	20	15	0	0	58	35	15
2022	Métis	63	10	9	18	0	0	0	73	18	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	24	7	5	6	1	1	81	11	925
2020	Indigenous	40	29	9	10	12	0	0	68	22	75
2020	First Nations	21	37	17	6	19	0	0	58	25	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	33	9	4	4	0	0	83	8	25
2020	Métis	51	14	0	21	13	0	0	65	35	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	25	10	10	6	1	1	73	16	846

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	36	16	14	18	0	52	33	65
2022	First Nations	10	15	11	23	42	0	24	65	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	52	19	5	10	0	66	15	15
2022	Métis	19	52	13	17	0	0	70	17	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	36	11	8	5	1	75	14	925
2020	Indigenous	37	30	13	7	13	0	67	20	75
2020	First Nations	15	39	18	4	24	0	54	28	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	24	12	4	0	0	85	4	25
2020	Métis	40	24	10	13	13	0	64	27	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	29	11	7	4	1	78	11	848
2019	Indigenous	33	38	12	9	9	0	70	18	69
2019	First Nations	23	36	15	11	15	0	58	26	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	34	14	5	0	0	81	5	21
2019	Métis	29	46	4	10	11	0	75	21	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	34	13	7	4	1	76	11	794
2018	Indigenous	21	28	17	21	8	4	52	30	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	33	14	10	6	3	70	16	808

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	37	8	22	5	0	0	65	27	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	46	7	8	3	1	0	81	12	300
2020	Indigenous	33	52	0	11	4	0	0	85	15	28
2020	First Nations	29	49	0	15	8	0	0	77	23	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	39	11	8	3	0	0	78	11	260
2019	Indigenous	35	24	11	24	6	0	0	60	29	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	37	9	6	2	2	2	82	8	240

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	21	13	14	14	1	1	58	28	65
2022	First Nations	43	22	15	8	9	0	3	67	17	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	11	18	14	30	5	0	34	47	15
2022	Métis	36	23	5	25	11	0	0	59	36	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	25	15	7	6	0	2	71	13	920
2020	Indigenous	36	24	21	14	5	0	0	60	19	75
2020	First Nations	36	26	24	7	7	0	0	62	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	32	24	12	0	0	0	64	12	25
2020	Métis	39	14	13	24	9	0	0	54	33	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	29	15	6	6	0	1	73	12	847
2019	Indigenous	29	24	15	18	12	1	0	54	31	70
2019	First Nations	20	16	15	31	17	0	0	36	49	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	32	14	5	9	4	0	72	14	22
2019	Métis	34	28	18	15	4	0	0	62	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	27	15	11	11	0	1	63	22	794
2018	Indigenous	18	34	17	11	18	2	0	53	30	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	28	18	11	12	0	2	58	24	806

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	29	24	10	14	0	52	24	65
2022	First Nations	15	26	25	8	26	0	41	34	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	24	28	5	10	0	57	15	15
2022	Métis	19	34	27	14	6	0	52	20	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	27	25	14	13	0	47	27	920
2020	Indigenous	19	22	21	20	17	0	42	37	75
2020	First Nations	11	21	26	14	28	0	31	42	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	40	8	8	12	0	72	20	25
2020	Métis	16	5	30	39	9	0	21	48	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	28	28	13	10	0	49	23	849
2019	Indigenous	35	22	23	11	8	0	57	20	69
2019	First Nations	32	24	25	12	7	0	55	19	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	18	23	9	4	0	64	14	22
2019	Métis	29	20	22	13	15	0	50	28	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	32	24	10	7	0	59	17	792
2018	Indigenous	16	22	31	17	14	0	38	31	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	32	24	14	9	1	53	23	805

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	29	9	9	14	0	1	67	23	65
2022	First Nations	29	19	18	8	22	0	4	50	31	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	24	5	5	11	0	0	79	16	15
2022	Métis	31	42	5	11	11	0	0	74	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	29	18	10	7	0	1	65	17	915
2020	Indigenous	31	33	20	14	3	0	0	63	17	75
2020	First Nations	22	43	18	14	4	0	0	65	17	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	28	16	4	4	0	0	76	8	25
2020	Métis	22	26	27	25	0	0	0	48	25	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	30	19	8	5	0	0	68	13	846
2019	Indigenous	49	23	20	6	0	2	0	73	6	68
2019	First Nations	30	41	13	12	0	4	0	74	12	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	67	5	24	5	0	0	0	71	5	21
2019	Métis	54	18	28	0	0	0	0	72	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	27	16	6	4	1	1	73	11	789
2018	Indigenous	24	25	29	12	10	0	0	49	22	64
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	31	17	10	6	0	2	67	16	803

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	22	20	11	25	0	0	44	36	65
2022	First Nations	8	22	16	4	49	0	0	31	53	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	35	5	20	0	0	40	25	15
2022	Métis	31	15	19	29	6	0	0	46	35	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	20	22	16	18	1	1	42	35	915
2020	Indigenous	33	17	17	18	15	0	0	50	33	75
2020	First Nations	18	17	25	18	21	0	0	36	39	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	20	8	4	17	0	0	72	21	25
2020	Métis	31	13	17	34	5	0	0	44	39	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	28	20	14	10	1	0	56	24	844
2019	Indigenous	34	13	24	18	11	0	0	47	29	68
2019	First Nations	22	25	30	16	7	0	0	47	23	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	10	24	19	10	0	0	48	29	21
2019	Métis	44	0	18	19	18	0	0	44	37	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	27	20	14	9	1	1	57	23	792
2018	Indigenous	16	17	30	16	21	0	0	33	37	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	23	23	14	12	1	1	51	26	804

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	12	9	0	7	6	83	7	65
2022	First Nations	62	11	13	0	11	4	76	11	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	80	5	5	0	5	5	90	5	15
2022	Métis	54	19	10	0	6	11	82	7	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	24	13	5	5	5	77	10	920
2020	Indigenous	51	26	14	0	4	5	81	4	74
2020	First Nations	33	46	10	0	8	4	82	8	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	72	12	12	0	0	4	88	0	25
2020	Métis	51	14	22	0	4	9	71	4	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	23	15	7	5	2	74	11	849
2019	Indigenous	65	15	8	6	3	4	83	9	68
2019	First Nations	58	22	13	3	0	3	83	4	24
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	73	9	4	9	4	0	82	14	22
2019	Métis	63	14	4	5	4	9	85	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	23	9	3	2	3	85	5	790
2018	Indigenous	49	22	10	7	5	6	76	14	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	21	13	5	4	4	77	10	802

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	22	15	7	13	0	65	20	65
2022	First Nations	34	26	19	4	18	0	60	22	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	26	12	11	18	0	60	28	15
2022	Métis	56	20	11	5	8	0	76	12	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	25	20	9	7	1	64	16	920
2020	Indigenous	32	22	23	13	10	0	54	23	75
2020	First Nations	24	19	36	11	10	0	43	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	21	16	20	12	0	53	31	25
2020	Métis	41	27	15	9	8	0	68	16	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	29	19	11	8	0	63	19	847
2019	Indigenous	52	10	23	7	5	1	63	13	69
2019	First Nations	33	16	36	12	3	0	49	15	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	4	18	9	9	0	64	18	22
2019	Métis	68	10	14	0	4	4	81	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	25	17	7	5	0	71	13	794
2018	Indigenous	37	25	23	9	7	0	61	16	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	27	16	7	7	1	69	14	806

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	26	17	15	5	0	0	63	20	65
2022	First Nations	36	19	7	24	14	0	0	55	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	33	40	0	0	0	0	60	0	15
2022	Métis	39	36	5	20	0	0	0	75	20	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	26	15	7	5	1	2	72	12	920
2020	Indigenous	34	34	16	10	6	0	0	68	16	74
2020	First Nations	15	47	14	14	10	0	0	62	24	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	37	15	4	0	0	0	81	4	25
2020	Métis	48	15	19	10	8	0	0	63	18	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	29	13	7	3	1	1	76	10	844
2019	Indigenous	43	29	16	6	4	0	1	73	11	70
2019	First Nations	36	26	16	12	10	0	0	61	22	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	32	9	0	0	0	4	90	0	22
2019	Métis	39	32	23	6	0	0	0	72	6	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	32	13	6	4	0	1	77	10	793
2018	Indigenous	26	40	16	6	9	1	1	68	16	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	32	17	7	5	0	1	71	12	801

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	31	14	13	12	0	0	61	25	65
2022	First Nations	24	19	22	15	19	0	0	44	34	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	37	10	17	7	0	0	66	24	15
2022	Métis	29	50	5	6	10	0	0	79	17	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	29	21	8	7	0	1	62	16	920
2020	Indigenous	31	28	23	13	5	0	0	58	18	75
2020	First Nations	18	22	37	13	10	0	0	39	24	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	40	16	8	0	0	0	76	8	25
2020	Métis	40	22	14	18	5	0	0	63	23	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	33	18	8	5	0	1	69	13	841
2019	Indigenous	38	34	13	9	4	0	1	73	13	69
2019	First Nations	32	33	17	7	11	0	0	64	19	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	41	14	0	0	0	4	85	0	22
2019	Métis	39	32	9	20	0	0	0	71	20	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	17	8	4	0	0	71	12	792
2018	Indigenous	26	32	24	13	4	1	0	59	17	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	33	18	9	6	0	1	66	15	802

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	27	17	8	14	0	0	62	21	65
2022	First Nations	25	23	22	3	26	0	0	49	30	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	42	19	12	0	0	0	69	12	15
2022	Métis	45	20	14	6	14	0	0	66	21	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	27	16	8	7	0	1	69	15	920
2020	Indigenous	33	27	26	9	4	0	1	61	13	75
2020	First Nations	18	36	29	10	7	0	0	55	17	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	24	24	8	0	0	0	68	8	25
2020	Métis	41	17	24	9	5	0	4	61	14	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	26	15	8	5	0	1	71	13	843
2019	Indigenous	38	27	9	15	7	0	4	68	23	70
2019	First Nations	27	23	17	23	10	0	0	50	33	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	36	0	14	0	0	4	86	14	22
2019	Métis	44	23	9	5	11	0	9	73	17	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	29	13	8	4	1	0	74	13	792
2018	Indigenous	30	32	21	10	7	0	0	62	17	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	32	15	11	5	0	1	69	16	801

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	22	13	6	13	0	0	68	19	65
2022	First Nations	43	11	20	0	26	0	0	54	26	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	29	10	12	0	0	0	78	12	15
2022	Métis	45	27	6	11	10	0	0	72	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	22	11	5	5	0	1	79	10	920
2020	Indigenous	51	27	5	8	8	0	1	79	16	75
2020	First Nations	29	32	7	21	10	0	0	62	31	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	72	20	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	55	29	0	0	12	0	4	87	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	22	9	6	4	0	0	81	10	842
2019	Indigenous	54	16	11	13	4	0	1	71	18	70
2019	First Nations	47	12	19	15	7	0	0	59	22	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	18	0	18	0	0	4	81	19	22
2019	Métis	57	19	14	4	6	0	0	76	10	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	23	10	5	4	1	0	80	10	793

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	21	17	6	11	0	66	18	65
2022	First Nations	41	21	15	5	18	0	63	23	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	18	25	12	9	0	54	21	15
2022	Métis	50	20	17	6	8	0	70	14	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	27	13	6	4	1	76	10	920
2020	Indigenous	44	20	21	9	5	1	64	14	74
2020	First Nations	29	23	27	10	11	0	52	21	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	16	21	8	0	4	70	8	25
2020	Métis	53	19	15	8	4	0	72	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	32	20	9	5	0	65	14	848

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	30	15	6	10	0	0	70	16	65
2022	First Nations	41	14	19	3	22	0	0	55	25	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	36	5	12	7	0	0	76	19	15
2022	Métis	31	48	16	5	0	0	0	79	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	32	13	9	4	0	0	74	13	920
2020	Indigenous	24	32	30	6	5	0	3	57	12	75
2020	First Nations	21	25	33	14	4	0	4	47	18	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	55	24	0	0	0	0	76	0	25
2020	Métis	32	15	33	4	12	0	4	49	17	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	33	17	6	3	1	0	74	9	845
2019	Indigenous	41	25	21	6	5	0	3	68	10	70
2019	First Nations	30	35	20	7	4	0	4	68	12	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	18	14	9	4	0	4	72	14	22
2019	Métis	45	17	32	0	6	0	0	62	6	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	28	13	4	2	0	0	80	7	788
2018	Indigenous	21	41	18	15	4	1	0	62	20	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	35	13	7	3	0	1	78	9	796

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	27	13	4	1	1	0	81	6	65
2022	First Nations	46	24	23	0	4	4	0	72	4	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	62	16	16	5	0	0	0	79	5	15
2022	Métis	53	36	0	11	0	0	0	89	11	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	18	8	3	3	1	3	86	6	915
2020	Indigenous	66	16	10	5	4	0	0	81	9	74
2020	First Nations	52	15	22	7	4	0	0	67	11	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	73	19	4	4	0	0	0	92	4	25
2020	Métis	74	13	0	5	9	0	0	87	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	25	13	4	1	0	1	82	5	844
2019	Indigenous	57	20	14	3	3	0	3	80	6	70
2019	First Nations	46	24	16	7	3	0	4	73	11	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	28	9	0	0	0	4	91	0	22
2019	Métis	68	9	18	0	6	0	0	77	6	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	17	8	3	2	0	1	87	5	789
2018	Indigenous	52	31	10	3	3	0	1	84	5	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	20	9	3	2	0	2	86	5	796

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	32	10	1	4	0	85	5	65
2022	First Nations	49	29	11	0	10	0	78	10	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	34	24	0	0	0	76	0	15
2022	Métis	62	33	0	4	0	0	96	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	27	9	4	2	1	85	6	920
2020	Indigenous	47	27	16	5	3	1	75	8	74
2020	First Nations	29	28	22	14	7	0	57	21	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	27	8	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	51	26	19	0	0	4	81	0	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	37	13	4	3	0	81	7	845

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	13	11	1	6	0	2	82	8	65
2022	First Nations	62	12	11	0	10	0	5	78	11	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	13	14	5	5	0	0	76	10	15
2022	Métis	75	16	4	0	4	0	0	92	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	11	2	2	1	1	6	95	3	925
2020	Indigenous	68	19	5	3	1	0	4	90	4	75
2020	First Nations	51	24	10	4	4	0	7	81	8	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	79	17	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	76	15	0	5	0	0	4	95	5	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	12	4	2	1	0	3	93	3	846
2019	Indigenous	79	12	6	1	0	0	3	93	1	70
2019	First Nations	70	16	14	0	0	0	0	86	0	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	77	14	0	5	0	0	4	95	5	22
2019	Métis	91	4	0	0	0	0	4	100	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	8	3	1	1	1	5	95	2	784
2018	Indigenous	66	15	9	3	5	2	0	84	8	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	79	10	5	1	1	0	4	93	2	799

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	17	9	5	7	0	0	79	11	65
2022	First Nations	44	18	8	13	18	0	0	62	31	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	85	9	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	15
2022	Métis	66	27	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	7	3	1	2	1	3	93	3	920
2020	Indigenous	64	17	10	4	3	1	1	83	7	74
2020	First Nations	48	23	15	7	7	0	0	71	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	75	17	4	0	0	4	0	96	0	24
2020	Métis	72	10	10	4	0	0	4	85	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	83	7	3	2	2	1	3	93	4	846
2019	Indigenous	61	12	10	13	1	0	3	75	14	70
2019	First Nations	54	12	15	18	0	0	0	66	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	18	5	9	0	0	4	86	9	22
2019	Métis	67	5	10	9	4	0	5	75	14	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	8	4	2	3	1	2	91	5	795
2018	Indigenous	54	25	10	4	7	1	0	80	11	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	75	9	5	3	3	0	3	88	6	802

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	34	12	2	4	0	83	5	65
2022	First Nations	56	15	21	0	8	0	72	8	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	47	0	0	5	0	95	5	15
2022	Métis	34	46	15	5	0	0	80	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	20	6	2	1	2	91	3	920
2020	Indigenous	63	23	6	5	1	1	88	7	75
2020	First Nations	39	40	8	10	4	0	78	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	79	17	4	0	0	0	96	0	25
2020	Métis	77	10	6	4	0	4	90	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	72	17	5	2	2	1	91	4	841
2019	Indigenous	52	29	12	4	4	0	80	8	70
2019	First Nations	44	31	15	3	7	0	75	10	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	36	5	4	0	0	91	4	22
2019	Métis	58	18	14	5	4	0	77	9	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	24	9	3	2	1	86	5	790
2018	Indigenous	35	35	15	10	6	0	70	16	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	26	10	3	1	1	85	5	806

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	18	7	1	14	0	78	15	65
2022	First Nations	53	8	4	0	34	0	62	34	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	21	5	0	5	0	90	5	15
2022	Métis	58	28	10	4	0	0	86	4	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	15	6	3	3	2	87	7	920
2020	Indigenous	59	14	8	12	5	1	74	18	74
2020	First Nations	50	14	4	18	14	0	65	32	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	16	17	4	0	0	79	4	24
2020	Métis	66	12	5	13	0	4	81	14	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	13	6	4	4	2	85	8	846
2019	Indigenous	58	17	13	7	3	1	76	10	69
2019	First Nations	50	16	15	14	4	0	66	18	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	72	14	9	0	0	5	90	0	21
2019	Métis	53	23	14	5	4	0	76	9	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	67	15	7	4	5	1	84	10	793
2018	Indigenous	43	28	8	11	9	1	71	20	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	19	9	5	4	2	81	10	802

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	10	2	1	1	0	26	93	3	65
2022	First Nations	58	4	7	0	0	0	32	90	0	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	7	0	5	5	0	25	87	13	15
2022	Métis	54	24	0	0	0	0	22	100	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	11	4	1	1	0	17	92	3	920
2020	Indigenous	61	13	9	4	1	0	12	84	6	74
2020	First Nations	54	21	11	4	4	0	7	80	8	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	12	4	4	0	0	17	90	5	24
2020	Métis	68	4	10	5	0	0	13	83	6	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	11	4	2	0	0	18	92	3	846
2019	Indigenous	60	11	7	2	2	0	19	87	4	70
2019	First Nations	43	15	4	4	4	0	30	83	12	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	68	9	4	0	0	0	18	95	0	22
2019	Métis	73	9	14	0	0	0	5	85	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	12	5	1	1	0	23	91	3	793
2018	Indigenous	54	21	8	0	0	3	14	91	0	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	13	5	1	1	0	27	91	3	797

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	13	6	0	0	0	3	94	0	65
2022	First Nations	72	12	8	0	0	0	9	92	0	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	16	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	15
2022	Métis	79	15	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	18	5	2	1	0	4	91	3	920
2020	Indigenous	61	19	12	4	3	0	1	82	7	75
2020	First Nations	39	29	17	7	7	0	0	68	14	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	80	12	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	25
2020	Métis	69	15	9	4	0	0	4	87	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	18	7	1	1	0	2	91	2	847
2019	Indigenous	69	17	7	2	0	2	3	91	2	69
2019	First Nations	55	23	8	4	0	4	4	86	5	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	73	18	4	0	0	0	4	95	0	22
2019	Métis	81	9	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	73	17	5	1	1	0	3	93	2	791
2018	Indigenous	60	18	14	1	3	0	4	81	4	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	66	19	8	1	1	0	5	89	2	801

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	8	4	4	7	0	1	84	12	65
2022	First Nations	58	4	11	12	15	0	0	62	27	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	80	15	0	0	0	0	5	100	0	15
2022	Métis	89	4	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	9	5	2	3	0	3	89	6	920
2020	Indigenous	65	20	6	3	7	0	0	85	9	75
2020	First Nations	39	35	15	3	7	0	0	74	11	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	79	12	0	4	4	0	0	91	9	25
2020	Métis	83	9	0	0	8	0	0	92	8	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	13	5	2	3	0	1	89	5	847
2019	Indigenous	68	14	7	6	0	1	3	86	6	70
2019	First Nations	62	18	4	12	0	0	4	83	13	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	86	4	5	0	0	0	4	95	0	22
2019	Métis	57	19	15	4	0	5	0	80	5	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	12	4	3	3	0	1	90	6	795
2018	Indigenous	67	20	5	1	5	1	0	88	6	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	74	12	4	3	3	0	4	90	6	801

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	33	7	3	6	0	2	84	9	65
2022	First Nations	56	31	10	0	3	0	0	87	3	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	38	0	0	12	0	0	88	12	15
2022	Métis	42	25	10	11	4	0	7	72	17	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	14	4	2	0	2	79	6	925
2020	Indigenous	43	32	11	12	2	0	0	75	14	74
2020	First Nations	25	43	22	7	3	0	0	68	10	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	34	8	16	4	0	0	72	20	24
2020	Métis	70	17	0	13	0	0	0	87	13	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	25	14	5	2	0	1	79	7	847
2019	Indigenous	55	14	19	2	4	0	6	74	6	70
2019	First Nations	39	18	24	4	3	0	12	65	8	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	14	18	0	9	0	4	72	9	22
2019	Métis	77	9	14	0	0	0	0	86	0	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	23	10	4	2	0	1	84	6	793
2018	Indigenous	52	27	13	3	3	1	1	81	6	66
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	26	12	3	2	0	2	83	5	803

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	16	33	18	13	1	35	32	65
2022	First Nations	11	8	41	11	26	3	19	38	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	22	36	19	5	0	40	24	15
2022	Métis	20	23	26	32	0	0	42	32	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	34	37	12	5	0	46	17	925
2020	Indigenous	8	36	32	18	5	0	44	23	75
2020	First Nations	7	32	24	26	10	0	39	37	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	44	35	4	0	0	61	4	25
2020	Métis	0	33	39	23	5	0	33	28	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	38	30	13	3	0	54	16	848
2019	Indigenous	26	25	30	13	4	1	52	17	70
2019	First Nations	20	33	20	19	7	0	53	27	26
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	9	45	4	0	5	48	5	22
2019	Métis	25	29	27	14	5	0	54	19	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	37	28	8	3	0	60	12	795
2018	Indigenous	10	23	47	16	4	0	34	20	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	36	30	9	4	0	57	13	805

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	20	34	21	8	1	0	29	37	65
2022	First Nations	22	25	35	18	0	0	0	18	47	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	25	24	14	18	5	0	34	40	15
2022	Métis	16	15	33	30	5	0	0	36	32	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	16	41	21	13	0	1	35	24	925
2020	Indigenous	13	24	37	18	7	0	0	26	37	74
2020	First Nations	22	23	35	15	4	0	0	19	45	27
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	23	41	27	9	0	0	36	23	25
2020	Métis	15	28	34	13	10	0	0	23	42	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	15	39	25	12	0	0	37	23	844
2019	Indigenous	12	23	24	18	23	0	0	40	35	68
2019	First Nations	24	21	30	8	17	0	0	24	45	24
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	23	18	27	23	0	0	50	32	22
2019	Métis	0	28	24	22	26	0	0	48	28	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	15	34	28	16	0	0	45	21	792
2018	Indigenous	16	21	49	10	4	0	0	14	37	68
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	13	39	23	17	0	0	40	21	800

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	55	21	0	65
2022	First Nations	6	71	22	0	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	34	16	0	15
2022	Métis	28	55	18	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	61	14	3	925
2020	Indigenous	19	54	26	1	75
2020	First Nations	14	61	22	3	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	43	37	0	25
2020	Métis	23	58	19	0	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	52	18	4	850

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	200
2020	Indigenous	22	78	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	227

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	15	9	5	3	6	13	79	9	65
2022	First Nations	53	7	14	4	0	0	23	77	5	25
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	32	7	0	5	17	7	85	6	15
2022	Métis	53	10	9	6	5	7	10	76	13	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	14	9	5	4	3	21	77	11	925
2020	Indigenous	49	19	10	8	4	1	9	76	13	75
2020	First Nations	51	14	4	11	7	0	13	76	20	28
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	16	15	13	0	4	12	66	15	25
2020	Métis	57	28	11	0	4	0	0	86	4	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	17	10	6	5	1	13	77	12	849
2019	Indigenous	54	13	7	7	7	3	9	75	17	68
2019	First Nations	57	8	7	8	9	0	12	73	19	25
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	9	10	5	9	10	10	71	17	21
2019	Métis	58	24	6	9	0	0	4	85	9	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	17	13	8	8	1	8	68	17	780
2018	Indigenous	48	10	12	9	11	6	4	65	22	67
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	15	12	8	8	1	8	68	18	804

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	13	7	16	31	0	6	43	50	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	29	10	14	13	2	3	61	29	200
2020	Indigenous	28	32	27	7	6	0	0	60	13	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	29	12	13	9	1	6	64	23	226

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	22	15	17	37	0	0	31	54	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	19	13	22	27	2	13	27	58	200
2020	Indigenous	14	8	21	35	14	0	8	24	54	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	19	15	14	25	3	12	37	45	227

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Micro-organizations combined by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark