2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Statistical Survey Operations by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	28	8	6	4	3	0	82	10	55
2022	First Nations	57	23	5	15	0	0	0	80	15	20
2022	Métis	48	32	9	0	6	5	0	84	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	32	17	9	7	0	0	67	16	950
2020	Indigenous	37	29	27	3	3	0	2	68	5	41
2020	First Nations	25	35	38	0	0	0	3	61	0	21
2020	Métis	53	25	11	5	5	0	0	78	11	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	36	13	7	6	1	0	73	13	964
2019	Indigenous	35	29	19	7	10	0	0	64	18	49
2019	Métis	29	33	15	9	13	0	0	63	22	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	36	16	8	6	0	0	70	13	860
2018	Indigenous	32	38	18	4	8	0	0	70	12	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	38	17	9	6	0	0	68	15	922

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	18	22	9	16	0	53	25	55
2022	First Nations	43	19	13	0	24	0	62	24	20
2022	Métis	31	20	26	11	12	0	51	23	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	29	22	14	10	1	53	25	950
2020	Indigenous	17	37	24	7	12	2	55	20	42
2020	First Nations	15	35	28	10	10	3	51	20	21
2020	Métis	21	42	16	5	16	0	63	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	34	19	13	9	1	59	22	961
2019	Indigenous	23	30	13	15	19	0	53	34	49
2019	Métis	22	31	20	9	18	0	53	27	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	33	19	14	11	0	56	25	860
2018	Indigenous	25	33	14	6	21	0	59	27	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	32	19	14	16	0	50	30	922

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	23	15	0	2	0	83	2	55
2022	First Nations	67	18	14	0	0	0	86	0	20
2022	Métis	56	27	14	0	3	0	83	3	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	30	14	5	4	0	77	9	955
2020	Indigenous	65	26	2	5	0	2	92	5	42
2020	First Nations	54	33	5	5	0	3	90	5	21
2020	Métis	76	19	0	5	0	0	95	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	29	11	4	2	0	83	6	948
2019	Indigenous	51	30	10	7	1	0	81	9	49
2019	Métis	50	31	9	9	2	0	80	11	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	29	13	3	3	0	80	6	858
2018	Indigenous	56	36	5	2	2	0	91	4	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	33	14	4	3	0	79	8	923

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	39	4	2	4	0	90	6	55
2022	First Nations	58	37	0	5	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	47	41	6	0	6	0	88	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	33	17	7	4	0	72	11	955
2020	Indigenous	45	39	10	5	0	2	85	5	42
2020	First Nations	35	43	20	0	0	3	80	0	21
2020	Métis	52	37	0	11	0	0	89	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	37	12	6	4	1	77	11	961
2019	Indigenous	37	35	11	7	9	0	73	16	49
2019	Métis	38	27	15	13	7	0	65	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	36	15	7	4	0	75	11	858
2018	Indigenous	43	31	16	2	6	2	75	8	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	38	15	7	6	0	72	13	922

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	28	13	8	4	2	0	75	12	55
2022	First Nations	57	20	4	14	0	4	0	81	15	20
2022	Métis	39	34	15	4	5	2	0	75	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	28	17	10	9	1	1	64	19	950
2020	Indigenous	40	32	21	5	0	2	0	73	5	42
2020	First Nations	40	25	28	5	0	3	0	66	5	21
2020	Métis	42	42	11	5	0	0	0	84	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	29	18	8	6	2	0	67	15	959
2019	Indigenous	38	21	16	11	11	2	0	61	23	49
2019	Métis	36	25	16	11	7	4	0	64	19	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	28	19	14	9	0	1	58	23	865
2018	Indigenous	37	18	15	9	19	2	0	56	29	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	28	20	12	12	1	0	55	25	931

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	28	16	6	2	2	77	8	55
2022	First Nations	62	20	5	10	0	4	85	10	20
2022	Métis	39	34	18	3	3	2	75	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	30	16	12	8	0	64	20	950
2020	Indigenous	35	31	21	10	3	0	66	13	41
2020	First Nations	31	31	32	5	0	0	62	5	20
2020	Métis	42	32	11	11	5	0	73	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	31	16	9	6	2	68	15	956
2019	Indigenous	35	31	14	11	10	0	66	21	50
2019	Métis	31	34	15	15	4	0	65	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	31	17	12	8	0	62	20	865
2018	Indigenous	36	26	15	12	12	0	62	23	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	32	21	13	10	1	57	23	931

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	15	19	20	2	13	0	53	25	55
2022	First Nations	38	9	14	25	0	13	0	54	29	20
2022	Métis	28	17	19	18	3	15	0	53	25	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	19	24	11	14	9	3	45	28	955
2020	Indigenous	22	21	25	12	7	12	0	49	23	42
2020	First Nations	30	18	15	20	10	8	0	52	32	21
2020	Métis	16	24	32	5	5	17	0	49	13	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	18	25	12	9	10	2	49	23	961
2019	Indigenous	28	9	16	13	27	5	2	40	43	50
2019	Métis	28	7	13	9	31	9	4	39	45	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	18	17	12	16	10	2	49	31	866
2018	Indigenous	22	17	23	12	21	4	0	41	35	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	18	19	17	19	8	2	40	39	929

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	15	18	7	7	5	26	52	21	55
2022	First Nations	19	21	18	5	4	9	24	59	14	20
2022	Métis	22	16	17	5	11	2	26	53	23	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	11	16	5	12	5	38	40	31	950
2020	Indigenous	7	19	20	7	10	4	32	41	27	42
2020	First Nations	10	10	30	5	10	3	33	31	23	21
2020	Métis	5	30	11	11	11	5	28	52	32	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	17	23	6	8	6	24	47	20	958
2019	Indigenous	10	9	25	10	13	7	26	29	34	49
2019	Métis	9	7	33	9	4	13	25	26	21	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	18	17	7	12	3	27	48	27	859

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	25	17	13	10	0	0	60	23	55
2022	First Nations	37	33	15	5	9	0	0	71	14	20
2022	Métis	33	18	20	17	12	0	0	51	29	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	33	13	9	7	3	3	69	17	950
2020	Indigenous	31	31	20	5	5	4	4	67	11	42
2020	First Nations	35	38	15	0	10	3	0	75	10	21
2020	Métis	28	27	21	11	0	5	9	63	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	18	10	6	4	3	64	17	962
2019	Indigenous	50	30	7	5	6	2	0	81	11	50
2019	Métis	45	29	13	9	0	4	0	78	9	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	32	12	12	6	1	1	69	18	862
2018	Indigenous	46	30	8	5	9	2	0	78	14	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	35	12	11	6	1	0	71	17	927

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	31	9	9	8	0	0	74	16	55
2022	First Nations	57	25	4	0	14	0	0	82	14	20
2022	Métis	36	36	12	11	6	0	0	72	17	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	31	14	9	7	1	1	69	16	950
2020	Indigenous	36	33	12	10	7	2	0	70	17	42
2020	First Nations	35	33	15	5	8	5	0	71	14	21
2020	Métis	38	35	5	16	5	0	0	73	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	28	16	9	5	2	1	68	15	963
2019	Indigenous	41	31	10	11	7	0	0	72	18	50
2019	Métis	40	31	15	9	4	0	0	72	13	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	29	15	10	6	0	0	69	16	864
2018	Indigenous	50	26	5	7	12	0	0	76	19	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	31	14	10	7	0	0	69	17	927

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	19	15	5	6	20	2	68	14	55
2022	First Nations	49	14	10	4	10	9	4	72	16	20
2022	Métis	24	21	17	8	3	27	0	62	15	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	20	15	4	5	21	3	69	12	955
2020	Indigenous	43	19	15	7	2	12	2	71	11	42
2020	First Nations	48	15	10	10	0	18	0	76	12	21
2020	Métis	40	24	16	5	5	5	3	71	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	22	15	5	5	20	1	68	13	961
2019	Indigenous	36	26	2	23	5	8	0	67	30	50
2019	Métis	25	37	0	33	0	4	0	65	35	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	25	17	10	7	12	1	61	19	857
2018	Indigenous	22	27	12	3	19	15	2	60	26	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	27	18	12	10	10	1	55	24	914

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	28	11	4	7	8	0	76	12	55
2022	First Nations	62	9	10	4	10	4	0	75	15	20
2022	Métis	28	37	11	5	5	12	0	75	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	26	16	8	8	10	2	64	17	950
2020	Indigenous	36	31	12	12	2	7	0	71	16	42
2020	First Nations	30	38	8	10	5	10	0	75	16	21
2020	Métis	44	24	11	16	0	5	0	72	17	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	27	15	10	7	9	1	65	19	959
2019	Indigenous	35	24	16	4	18	3	0	61	23	50
2019	Métis	29	26	20	7	18	0	0	56	25	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	30	19	13	9	3	0	58	22	859
2018	Indigenous	33	28	12	7	20	0	0	60	27	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	28	20	17	11	2	0	51	29	916

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	11	17	11	5	20	2	58	21	55
2022	First Nations	43	9	15	11	5	18	0	64	18	20
2022	Métis	28	11	17	11	5	25	3	53	23	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	23	17	12	8	14	2	56	24	955
2020	Indigenous	27	26	26	5	9	5	2	57	15	42
2020	First Nations	25	25	33	0	13	5	0	52	14	21
2020	Métis	32	28	16	11	5	5	3	65	17	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	25	18	11	8	13	1	56	23	959
2019	Indigenous	24	27	16	10	18	5	0	54	30	50
2019	Métis	23	22	20	13	22	0	0	45	36	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	19	17	10	8	0	50	29	859
2018	Indigenous	32	23	11	9	16	7	2	61	27	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	24	21	19	12	8	0	43	35	917

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	18	12	13	10	12	0	60	26	55
2022	First Nations	39	14	10	14	10	13	0	60	28	20
2022	Métis	31	22	13	11	10	14	0	61	24	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	24	15	14	11	9	1	56	28	955
2020	Indigenous	26	26	14	17	10	7	0	57	28	42
2020	First Nations	25	20	20	18	10	8	0	48	30	21
2020	Métis	30	35	9	11	11	5	0	69	22	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	27	16	14	12	8	0	55	28	960
2019	Indigenous	16	37	12	14	17	4	0	55	32	50
2019	Métis	20	36	9	15	15	4	0	58	32	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	28	17	18	14	6	0	47	34	858
2018	Indigenous	21	28	19	11	16	5	0	51	28	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	24	18	21	18	4	0	41	40	914

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	23	32	9	12	2	2	46	21	55
2022	First Nations	23	22	25	6	14	4	6	51	22	20
2022	Métis	19	24	31	13	12	0	0	44	25	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	28	22	14	13	1	0	50	27	950
2020	Indigenous	17	31	26	12	10	2	2	49	23	42
2020	First Nations	13	30	35	5	10	5	3	46	16	21
2020	Métis	21	33	19	16	11	0	0	54	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	33	22	12	9	2	1	56	22	962
2019	Indigenous	22	27	13	15	22	1	0	50	37	48
2019	Métis	25	21	16	22	16	0	0	46	38	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	29	16	17	14	1	0	51	32	860
2018	Indigenous	30	21	16	10	21	2	0	52	32	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	30	16	18	16	0	0	49	34	921

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	40	6	6	2	0	86	8	55
2022	First Nations	41	59	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	44	36	9	9	3	0	79	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	37	9	9	3	0	79	12	950
2020	Indigenous	34	32	12	15	5	2	67	20	42
2020	First Nations	40	38	5	10	5	3	80	15	21
2020	Métis	30	28	16	21	5	0	58	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	38	11	11	3	0	75	14	951
2019	Indigenous	41	37	10	4	9	0	77	13	49
2019	Métis	34	44	15	0	7	0	78	7	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	36	13	8	3	0	76	11	858
2018	Indigenous	40	44	4	2	10	0	84	12	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	40	11	8	3	0	78	11	920

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	22	11	15	9	0	2	64	25	55
2022	First Nations	43	24	9	5	14	0	5	70	20	20
2022	Métis	37	26	8	20	9	0	0	63	28	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	31	14	11	7	1	1	68	18	950
2020	Indigenous	25	33	13	13	8	4	4	64	22	41
2020	First Nations	29	36	5	10	10	8	0	72	23	20
2020	Métis	22	32	16	16	5	0	9	59	23	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	29	17	11	7	4	4	62	19	963
2019	Indigenous	42	17	18	13	9	0	0	60	22	50
2019	Métis	36	16	25	24	0	0	0	52	24	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	32	12	13	7	0	0	68	20	864
2018	Indigenous	46	29	10	2	12	2	0	76	13	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	36	10	9	7	0	0	74	16	928

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	34	5	11	8	76	19	55
2022	First Nations	49	33	4	9	4	82	14	20
2022	Métis	36	40	5	9	9	76	18	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	7	13	5	75	17	950
2020	Indigenous	29	42	5	12	12	72	23	41
2020	First Nations	25	49	5	8	13	74	21	21
2020	Métis	36	36	5	16	5	73	22	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	38	11	12	5	72	18	953
2019	Indigenous	30	36	14	20	0	66	20	49
2019	Métis	32	39	7	22	0	71	22	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	40	7	12	3	78	14	857
2018	Indigenous	45	43	2	7	2	88	10	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	46	6	9	3	82	12	920

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	17	17	9	10	14	9	54	24	55
2022	First Nations	39	24	4	5	9	9	9	77	17	20
2022	Métis	15	17	21	11	12	16	9	42	30	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	16	23	7	8	8	13	51	19	950
2020	Indigenous	24	25	15	10	5	12	10	62	19	42
2020	First Nations	30	15	20	5	10	18	3	56	19	21
2020	Métis	19	37	11	16	0	5	12	68	19	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	18	25	7	7	10	12	50	18	958

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	14	22	13	6	18	2	50	23	55
2022	First Nations	25	14	19	10	10	22	0	50	25	20
2022	Métis	26	13	22	17	3	17	3	48	24	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	17	22	12	16	15	3	40	34	950
2020	Indigenous	19	19	15	18	8	17	3	49	32	41
2020	First Nations	16	16	16	21	10	19	3	40	40	20
2020	Métis	24	24	11	16	5	16	3	61	26	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	19	22	11	10	18	4	45	27	952
2019	Indigenous	14	18	20	5	23	19	0	40	35	50
2019	Métis	12	18	20	9	17	24	0	39	35	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	16	24	15	18	12	3	33	39	864
2018	Indigenous	19	9	21	13	26	11	2	32	44	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	18	23	17	22	9	2	31	43	925

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	24	13	5	11	4	2	69	17	55
2022	First Nations	38	15	10	9	24	0	5	55	34	20
2022	Métis	42	27	19	3	3	6	0	73	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	20	13	6	5	2	12	72	12	950
2020	Indigenous	48	14	17	5	5	6	5	70	11	41
2020	First Nations	44	20	20	5	5	6	0	68	11	21
2020	Métis	55	9	14	5	5	5	5	72	12	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	19	11	7	5	3	12	72	14	961
2019	Indigenous	38	18	8	11	17	2	6	61	30	50
2019	Métis	34	20	9	7	22	4	4	59	31	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	20	14	6	4	3	12	71	13	861

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	16	18	3	7	6	2	69	12	55
2022	First Nations	53	14	10	4	10	4	5	73	16	20
2022	Métis	42	19	19	3	9	9	0	67	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	16	13	7	8	4	10	67	18	950
2020	Indigenous	48	19	8	0	8	11	7	82	9	41
2020	First Nations	59	15	5	0	5	16	0	88	6	21
2020	Métis	38	25	11	0	11	5	9	74	13	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	14	13	5	6	8	12	70	14	960
2019	Indigenous	45	8	8	2	18	9	11	65	26	50
2019	Métis	48	9	9	0	17	9	9	68	21	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	15	15	9	8	7	12	61	20	865

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	4	0	2	8	8	5	88	12	55
2022	First Nations	76	0	0	0	9	6	9	90	10	20
2022	Métis	69	6	0	3	8	12	3	88	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	6	3	2	2	8	12	91	5	950
2020	Indigenous	59	13	8	5	3	7	7	82	9	41
2020	First Nations	57	10	10	5	5	3	10	77	11	21
2020	Métis	64	16	5	5	0	5	3	88	6	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	6	4	2	2	6	11	91	5	959
2019	Indigenous	60	8	5	5	10	2	11	78	17	50
2019	Métis	59	2	9	9	9	4	9	70	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	8	5	3	3	6	10	86	8	865

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	9	7	2	3	8	5	86	6	55
2022	First Nations	71	4	5	0	5	6	9	88	5	20
2022	Métis	58	14	8	3	2	12	3	85	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	9	5	3	3	4	22	86	7	950
2020	Indigenous	64	7	8	8	0	14	0	82	9	41
2020	First Nations	72	5	10	0	0	13	0	89	0	21
2020	Métis	58	9	5	16	0	11	0	75	18	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	8	6	2	3	5	17	86	7	959
2019	Indigenous	54	12	1	2	13	5	13	79	19	50
2019	Métis	56	13	0	0	11	9	11	86	14	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	7	5	3	3	4	16	87	7	865

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	24	8	20	5	18	6	56	33	55
2022	First Nations	24	21	9	19	5	22	0	58	30	20
2022	Métis	14	28	5	21	6	17	9	57	37	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	24	16	11	15	13	6	48	32	955
2020	Indigenous	23	12	17	12	17	18	0	43	35	42
2020	First Nations	25	15	10	13	25	13	0	45	43	21
2020	Métis	22	11	21	11	11	24	0	44	28	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	18	18	13	15	13	8	42	35	960
2019	Indigenous	19	22	6	12	31	6	4	45	48	50
2019	Métis	12	35	7	9	29	7	2	51	41	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	18	19	13	23	9	6	34	43	864
2018	Indigenous	13	16	16	15	30	6	3	32	50	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	19	17	18	27	6	6	31	50	931

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	19	28	14	15	3	2	40	31	55
2022	First Nations	28	28	15	10	14	0	6	59	25	20
2022	Métis	12	13	38	18	15	5	0	26	34	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	21	20	19	1	2	38	40	945
2020	Indigenous	19	22	17	20	12	5	4	45	36	42
2020	First Nations	15	13	30	20	15	5	3	30	38	21
2020	Métis	24	33	5	16	11	5	5	64	30	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	25	24	20	15	3	1	39	36	958
2019	Indigenous	23	17	18	23	19	0	0	40	42	48
2019	Métis	20	20	13	29	17	0	0	40	46	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	26	18	21	19	1	0	41	41	858
2018	Indigenous	13	29	24	13	18	2	0	44	32	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	24	21	20	24	1	1	34	45	921

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	21	32	8	16	2	2	42	25	55
2022	First Nations	33	23	29	0	10	0	4	59	10	20
2022	Métis	12	23	34	10	18	2	0	36	29	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	20	26	17	19	1	2	36	37	950
2020	Indigenous	17	27	26	12	15	0	2	45	28	42
2020	First Nations	15	13	35	20	15	0	3	29	36	21
2020	Métis	21	44	14	5	16	0	0	65	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	22	26	16	15	2	2	40	33	962
2019	Indigenous	13	27	22	19	19	1	0	40	38	49
2019	Métis	16	26	20	20	18	0	0	42	37	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	23	21	19	20	1	1	39	40	859
2018	Indigenous	17	34	13	15	18	2	0	52	34	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	24	21	21	22	0	2	35	44	923

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	33	14	6	8	3	0	71	14	55
2022	First Nations	47	35	4	9	4	0	0	82	14	20
2022	Métis	30	33	17	3	12	5	0	67	16	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	32	22	11	7	0	1	60	18	955
2020	Indigenous	29	30	25	7	7	0	2	59	15	42
2020	First Nations	25	33	35	0	5	0	3	59	5	21
2020	Métis	35	28	11	16	11	0	0	63	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	38	16	11	5	1	0	67	16	953
2019	Indigenous	23	29	24	10	10	4	0	54	21	49
2019	Métis	25	22	31	9	9	4	0	49	19	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	36	21	12	7	1	0	60	19	860
2018	Indigenous	33	28	13	10	17	0	0	60	26	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	36	21	16	7	0	0	56	23	922

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	18	23	10	15	16	2	42	30	55
2022	First Nations	25	19	24	9	10	9	4	51	22	20
2022	Métis	11	22	22	8	19	18	0	41	33	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	20	21	13	16	15	4	38	36	950
2020	Indigenous	13	34	14	7	12	14	5	58	25	42
2020	First Nations	10	33	10	10	15	18	5	55	32	21
2020	Métis	17	37	19	5	11	5	5	61	18	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	25	21	15	11	15	2	43	31	947
2019	Indigenous	8	30	26	9	23	2	2	39	33	50
2019	Métis	7	29	22	11	26	4	0	38	39	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	22	20	20	17	10	2	35	42	866
2018	Indigenous	15	20	28	4	26	8	0	38	32	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	18	24	23	18	9	2	27	46	930

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	25	9	12	8	5	0	69	21	55
2022	First Nations	52	24	9	14	0	0	0	77	14	20
2022	Métis	34	27	9	10	12	7	0	67	24	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	29	15	11	8	1	1	65	19	950
2020	Indigenous	26	32	22	10	9	0	0	58	19	41
2020	First Nations	21	40	26	5	8	0	0	60	14	20
2020	Métis	33	27	19	16	5	0	0	60	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	28	17	10	8	1	1	64	19	958
2019	Indigenous	31	27	10	10	19	2	1	60	30	49
2019	Métis	34	22	11	13	17	0	2	57	31	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	31	15	13	8	1	1	64	21	860
2018	Indigenous	31	28	9	15	17	0	0	59	32	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	32	16	12	11	1	1	61	24	922

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	14	14	2	0	5	8	81	2	55
2022	First Nations	59	14	9	5	0	9	4	84	5	20
2022	Métis	56	14	16	0	0	3	10	81	0	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	22	10	2	1	2	6	85	3	955
2020	Indigenous	45	26	17	2	0	2	7	78	3	42
2020	First Nations	38	35	20	0	0	0	8	79	0	21
2020	Métis	56	17	16	5	0	5	0	78	6	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	23	10	3	1	1	4	85	4	960
2019	Indigenous	36	36	13	2	2	0	10	81	5	49
2019	Métis	39	35	15	0	0	0	11	83	0	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	26	10	2	0	1	8	86	3	857
2018	Indigenous	63	27	10	0	0	0	0	90	0	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	24	9	2	1	1	7	88	3	922

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	17	9	11	10	14	9	62	27	55
2022	First Nations	48	15	0	4	10	14	9	81	19	20
2022	Métis	20	20	11	16	9	16	8	52	34	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	21	14	4	11	8	16	62	20	950

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	40	30	55
2022	First Nations	24	39	38	20
2022	Métis	35	36	29	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	31	36	955
2020	Indigenous	8	45	47	41
2020	First Nations	5	48	48	21
2020	Métis	12	38	49	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	39	41	963
2019	Indigenous	24	32	44	49
2019	Métis	33	30	37	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	47	30	860
2018	Indigenous	24	46	30	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	44	31	911

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	43	12	10	7	17	15
2022	Métis	16	47	16	13	0	8	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	26	19	11	14	13	310
2019	Indigenous	16	0	21	21	6	37	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	12	35	13	4	13	190
2018	Indigenous	27	9	33	15	0	15	12
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	9	32	16	8	11	229

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	32	2	4	2	0	0	92	6	55
2022	First Nations	68	27	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	56	35	3	3	3	0	0	91	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	35	9	6	3	0	0	82	9	950
2020	Indigenous	43	43	5	7	0	0	2	87	8	42
2020	First Nations	49	38	0	10	0	0	3	90	10	21
2020	Métis	38	46	11	5	0	0	0	84	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	36	10	4	2	1	0	84	6	957
2019	Indigenous	55	28	14	0	2	1	0	83	2	49
2019	Métis	45	35	18	0	0	2	0	82	0	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	35	11	6	2	1	0	81	9	858
2018	Indigenous	54	33	4	5	5	0	0	87	10	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	37	9	6	3	1	0	82	9	920

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	35	13	8	4	2	0	75	12	55
2022	First Nations	47	33	10	5	5	0	0	80	10	20
2022	Métis	34	35	17	9	3	3	0	71	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	32	18	8	6	2	1	67	15	950
2020	Indigenous	29	40	17	12	0	2	0	70	13	42
2020	First Nations	35	38	15	10	0	3	0	75	10	21
2020	Métis	24	44	16	16	0	0	0	68	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	34	17	9	5	5	0	68	14	957
2019	Indigenous	36	34	14	5	11	0	0	71	16	50
2019	Métis	29	37	16	9	9	0	0	67	17	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	36	20	12	6	2	0	62	18	865
2018	Indigenous	25	45	7	12	12	0	0	70	23	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	37	20	12	8	1	0	59	20	925

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	11	13	18	40	3	11	67	19	55
2022	First Nations	9	10	15	5	35	9	18	54	25	20
2022	Métis	3	11	13	21	42	0	9	70	15	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	12	23	22	22	3	12	52	21	950
2020	Indigenous	10	17	27	23	14	2	7	41	29	42
2020	First Nations	10	20	35	18	15	3	0	34	31	21
2020	Métis	11	14	21	30	14	0	11	49	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	17	28	22	18	3	3	43	27	958
2019	Indigenous	15	12	31	28	13	1	0	41	27	49
2019	Métis	18	4	42	25	12	0	0	36	22	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	12	31	27	20	2	3	50	18	857
2018	Indigenous	13	14	27	18	12	2	14	36	32	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	15	24	25	20	2	6	49	25	918

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	5	16	31	17	12	16	68	10	55
2022	First Nations	5	10	9	25	20	18	14	66	21	20
2022	Métis	0	3	19	31	14	13	20	67	4	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	10	18	17	23	5	19	53	23	950
2020	Indigenous	4	7	21	17	26	17	7	57	15	42
2020	First Nations	5	10	23	20	25	13	5	54	18	21
2020	Métis	3	5	21	16	30	16	9	61	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	10	20	18	25	9	10	54	21	955
2019	Indigenous	9	15	19	16	22	15	5	47	30	49
2019	Métis	11	13	25	18	13	15	4	40	30	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	12	21	24	22	8	8	54	21	855
2018	Indigenous	9	11	17	28	23	2	9	58	23	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	15	22	19	19	5	11	45	29	914

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	2	13	20	44	7	12	80	4	55
2022	First Nations	4	0	25	14	29	9	18	59	6	20
2022	Métis	0	3	9	20	53	5	11	86	3	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	5	16	22	34	3	18	71	9	950
2020	Indigenous	0	12	20	24	36	4	5	65	13	42
2020	First Nations	0	15	25	18	35	3	5	57	16	21
2020	Métis	0	9	16	32	38	0	5	74	9	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	5	17	27	37	4	7	72	9	953
2019	Indigenous	4	8	23	33	29	1	2	64	12	49
2019	Métis	0	2	33	37	27	0	0	64	2	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	6	17	33	31	3	8	71	10	857
2018	Indigenous	4	9	20	17	43	0	7	65	14	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	8	21	27	31	1	8	63	13	919

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	7	15	19	35	3	16	66	15	55
2022	First Nations	5	10	20	19	20	9	18	54	19	20
2022	Métis	5	5	14	17	41	0	17	70	13	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	7	16	18	33	5	17	65	14	940
2020	Indigenous	5	2	34	28	22	4	4	55	8	42
2020	First Nations	5	0	40	28	20	8	0	52	5	21
2020	Métis	5	5	24	30	27	0	9	62	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	11	18	20	35	4	7	61	19	957
2019	Indigenous	9	6	23	23	25	4	9	56	17	49
2019	Métis	4	7	21	24	26	4	13	61	13	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	10	20	25	30	3	8	61	16	853
2018	Indigenous	4	13	35	13	21	5	9	40	19	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	13	21	22	28	2	7	54	22	917

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	10	9	5	14	33	20	42	40	55
2022	First Nations	5	11	14	5	16	25	24	41	31	20
2022	Métis	11	11	5	3	13	38	19	36	52	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	12	14	9	19	23	16	46	31	950
2020	Indigenous	2	17	26	7	14	25	7	32	29	42
2020	First Nations	5	30	20	5	10	31	0	21	50	21
2020	Métis	0	5	30	11	19	19	16	46	8	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	11	18	18	24	19	7	57	20	952
2019	Indigenous	21	14	24	11	14	12	4	30	42	49
2019	Métis	29	11	29	4	15	9	2	22	45	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	14	22	19	21	8	6	47	28	854
2018	Indigenous	17	14	21	13	18	10	6	37	38	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	17	20	17	19	5	7	41	36	920

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	13	19	19	21	12	11	52	24	55
2022	First Nations	5	15	14	15	15	17	18	47	30	20
2022	Métis	6	11	20	20	24	11	8	53	21	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	13	23	13	22	8	12	44	28	950
2020	Indigenous	2	7	24	39	19	2	7	63	11	42
2020	First Nations	5	15	20	43	15	3	0	59	20	21
2020	Métis	0	0	30	37	24	0	9	67	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	13	26	19	24	7	5	49	22	958
2019	Indigenous	7	20	29	26	13	4	1	41	29	49
2019	Métis	9	22	24	27	16	0	2	44	31	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	14	27	20	22	6	5	47	23	854
2018	Indigenous	13	17	25	21	17	0	5	41	32	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	19	23	19	18	3	7	41	33	921

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	5	38	31	19	2	2	51	9	55
2022	First Nations	5	9	29	28	20	4	5	53	16	20
2022	Métis	2	2	47	31	17	0	0	48	5	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	9	33	22	25	1	5	50	15	955
2020	Indigenous	2	15	26	39	15	0	2	55	18	42
2020	First Nations	0	15	38	38	10	0	0	48	15	21
2020	Métis	5	16	11	42	21	0	5	66	22	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	15	30	23	22	1	2	47	22	959
2019	Indigenous	15	18	30	19	14	4	0	35	34	49
2019	Métis	18	20	18	25	16	4	0	42	39	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	13	31	26	19	2	2	46	22	854

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	33	9	11	6	9	0	71	18	55
2022	First Nations	34	33	4	20	0	9	0	74	22	20
2022	Métis	29	32	12	9	9	11	0	68	19	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	27	20	15	9	8	2	51	27	950
2020	Indigenous	26	26	24	5	7	9	2	59	14	42
2020	First Nations	25	25	28	10	5	8	0	54	16	21
2020	Métis	30	30	16	0	11	11	3	69	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	28	19	13	7	9	1	56	23	949
2019	Indigenous	10	36	17	18	16	2	0	47	35	50
2019	Métis	12	31	24	18	11	4	0	45	30	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	28	23	18	9	7	0	46	29	861

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	18	10	8	11	7	0	69	20	55
2022	First Nations	61	14	6	11	9	0	0	75	19	20
2022	Métis	37	19	15	6	11	11	0	64	19	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	22	12	7	6	12	7	70	15	950
2020	Indigenous	40	22	5	5	17	11	0	69	25	42
2020	First Nations	38	20	5	0	25	13	0	66	28	21
2020	Métis	44	27	0	11	11	9	0	77	23	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	23	13	8	5	9	4	70	15	956
2019	Indigenous	38	18	16	17	10	1	0	57	27	49
2019	Métis	36	18	20	20	4	2	0	55	25	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	28	9	10	10	4	3	70	21	857
2018	Indigenous	36	19	4	18	19	5	0	58	38	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	26	13	12	13	3	2	59	27	923

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	30	8	4	6	0	0	83	10	55
2022	First Nations	65	10	10	11	5	0	0	75	15	20
2022	Métis	45	40	12	0	4	0	0	85	4	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	30	9	5	2	4	5	81	9	950
2020	Indigenous	46	30	10	10	0	4	0	79	10	42
2020	First Nations	48	25	10	10	0	8	0	79	11	21
2020	Métis	47	37	5	11	0	0	0	84	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	30	9	4	1	3	3	85	6	959
2019	Indigenous	34	44	10	9	4	0	0	78	13	49
2019	Métis	37	45	4	11	2	0	0	82	13	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	36	9	7	3	1	2	80	11	859
2018	Indigenous	36	32	12	5	7	5	4	75	13	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	39	11	9	4	2	1	75	14	927

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	25	17	8	12	10	2	59	22	55
2022	First Nations	41	15	15	5	14	10	0	62	22	20
2022	Métis	19	30	20	6	12	10	3	56	21	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	24	21	8	5	10	8	57	17	950
2020	Indigenous	21	24	25	7	7	16	0	53	18	42
2020	First Nations	10	28	25	10	10	18	0	46	24	21
2020	Métis	33	21	21	5	5	14	0	63	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	29	24	6	4	8	5	62	11	954
2019	Indigenous	20	40	20	8	5	8	0	65	14	49
2019	Métis	25	33	26	7	0	9	0	64	7	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	31	20	8	5	4	4	64	14	859
2018	Indigenous	19	30	19	5	9	11	7	60	16	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	32	25	9	6	6	4	56	16	927

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	23	13	9	7	5	0	69	17	55
2022	First Nations	52	28	5	11	4	0	0	81	15	20
2022	Métis	37	22	17	7	8	8	0	64	17	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	28	18	7	7	9	1	65	15	950
2020	Indigenous	43	27	12	5	5	8	0	77	11	42
2020	First Nations	40	35	10	0	5	11	0	83	6	21
2020	Métis	49	21	9	11	5	5	0	74	17	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	29	16	7	6	10	1	68	14	948
2019	Indigenous	30	41	8	10	10	2	0	72	20	50
2019	Métis	20	44	4	13	13	4	0	67	28	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	32	16	11	7	4	1	64	19	867
2018	Indigenous	39	23	16	2	16	2	2	65	19	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	34	17	10	6	4	0	65	17	931

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	22	7	4	4	12	0	84	9	55
2022	First Nations	58	23	4	5	5	6	0	85	10	20
2022	Métis	46	25	5	3	3	18	0	87	7	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	27	11	3	3	13	3	80	7	950
2020	Indigenous	39	24	12	10	0	13	2	75	12	42
2020	First Nations	44	25	5	5	0	21	0	88	6	21
2020	Métis	35	24	14	16	0	5	5	67	18	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	24	13	4	3	15	2	77	8	951
2019	Indigenous	38	26	12	2	12	10	0	70	16	50
2019	Métis	28	33	9	0	13	17	0	73	16	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	29	13	6	5	8	3	73	12	864
2018	Indigenous	33	35	7	6	12	5	2	73	19	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	29	18	7	5	7	1	67	13	929

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	22	9	4	9	0	78	13	55
2022	First Nations	70	16	0	4	10	0	86	14	20
2022	Métis	48	27	11	6	9	0	75	14	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	34	9	8	3	1	79	12	950
2020	Indigenous	55	21	10	10	2	2	77	13	42
2020	First Nations	62	20	5	10	0	3	85	10	21
2020	Métis	49	24	11	11	5	0	73	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	10	6	3	2	80	9	959
2019	Indigenous	46	23	18	6	8	0	68	14	50
2019	Métis	38	25	30	2	5	0	63	7	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	29	11	9	5	0	76	14	865
2018	Indigenous	39	31	14	5	12	0	70	16	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	36	12	9	6	0	73	15	931

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	18	16	10	9	9	4	60	22	55
2022	First Nations	51	14	10	10	9	0	5	69	20	20
2022	Métis	22	21	21	10	8	14	4	53	21	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	18	14	5	5	15	14	67	13	950

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	12	12	10	9	13	6	62	23	55
2022	First Nations	52	14	6	10	9	0	9	73	21	20
2022	Métis	28	13	18	9	8	20	4	54	22	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	17	14	5	4	16	15	67	13	950

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	16	14	6	5	10	2	71	12	55
2022	First Nations	61	10	5	10	5	9	0	79	16	20
2022	Métis	38	21	19	5	3	10	4	69	10	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	16	12	4	3	23	3	74	10	950
2020	Indigenous	31	20	21	5	0	20	2	66	6	42
2020	First Nations	35	25	10	5	0	26	0	80	7	21
2020	Métis	30	16	30	5	0	14	5	57	7	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	21	16	4	3	20	2	70	9	958

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	21	8	12	9	4	2	70	22	55
2022	First Nations	66	20	0	0	14	0	0	86	14	20
2022	Métis	34	23	11	16	8	6	3	62	26	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	24	12	5	5	10	6	74	11	950
2020	Indigenous	36	44	5	7	2	6	0	84	11	42
2020	First Nations	35	35	5	15	0	11	0	78	17	21
2020	Métis	38	56	0	0	5	0	0	95	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	27	13	5	4	9	4	75	10	958

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	15	19	0	6	40	4	56	10	55
2022	First Nations	36	22	14	0	0	23	5	80	0	20
2022	Métis	8	13	20	0	6	50	3	44	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	11	16	2	2	49	7	54	9	950

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	10	22	10	10	13	9	48	25	55
2022	First Nations	37	9	25	0	14	9	5	54	16	20
2022	Métis	23	10	21	12	9	14	11	44	28	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	19	20	6	6	12	18	53	18	950
2020	Indigenous	15	22	19	7	5	21	11	54	18	42
2020	First Nations	15	25	20	0	10	31	0	57	14	21
2020	Métis	16	21	14	16	0	11	22	55	24	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	22	23	7	4	14	12	54	15	957
2019	Indigenous	23	20	14	18	15	8	3	48	37	49
2019	Métis	25	20	20	15	16	0	5	46	33	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	23	18	9	8	13	7	57	21	856
2018	Indigenous	17	14	25	5	17	16	6	41	28	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	22	22	16	10	10	8	42	31	922

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	21	14	9	8	6	0	67	18	55
2022	First Nations	52	5	20	5	9	9	0	63	15	20
2022	Métis	36	29	14	9	9	4	0	67	18	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	28	13	10	10	8	4	63	23	950
2020	Indigenous	35	29	3	18	7	7	3	70	27	41
2020	First Nations	47	21	5	10	14	3	0	70	25	20
2020	Métis	24	38	0	27	0	5	5	70	30	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	28	15	10	7	8	4	64	19	960
2019	Indigenous	32	19	9	14	21	5	1	54	37	50
2019	Métis	27	25	4	25	17	0	2	53	43	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	32	15	9	7	6	2	66	18	863
2018	Indigenous	35	23	9	15	13	0	5	61	29	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	34	15	11	9	4	2	62	22	926

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	25	16	7	2	4	0	74	9	55
2022	First Nations	53	19	14	10	0	4	0	75	10	20
2022	Métis	43	29	19	3	3	4	0	74	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	30	17	7	4	7	2	69	12	950
2020	Indigenous	40	34	7	7	0	8	3	83	8	42
2020	First Nations	49	40	0	0	0	11	0	100	0	21
2020	Métis	32	30	11	16	0	5	7	70	18	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	29	19	7	4	9	1	67	12	955
2019	Indigenous	28	30	21	9	12	0	0	58	21	50
2019	Métis	20	29	28	9	13	0	0	50	22	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	30	23	10	6	4	1	59	17	864
2018	Indigenous	26	31	17	6	16	2	2	60	23	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	31	23	9	9	3	1	57	19	926

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	11	20	9	10	15	2	53	23	55
2022	First Nations	38	20	9	0	14	19	0	71	17	20
2022	Métis	31	5	22	14	10	16	3	44	29	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	20	19	9	10	19	3	52	24	950
2020	Indigenous	26	17	7	17	12	17	2	53	37	42
2020	First Nations	25	15	0	20	15	26	0	53	47	21
2020	Métis	28	21	11	16	11	9	5	57	31	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	19	17	12	11	16	3	52	27	948
2019	Indigenous	24	19	8	10	24	12	2	51	40	50
2019	Métis	25	24	7	11	22	7	4	55	37	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	20	16	15	16	13	1	44	37	863
2018	Indigenous	24	4	19	19	21	13	0	32	46	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	21	17	15	19	12	1	41	40	926

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	31	7	10	4	79	14	55
2022	First Nations	56	28	10	0	5	85	5	20
2022	Métis	42	31	9	15	3	73	18	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	38	5	8	3	85	11	950
2020	Indigenous	36	43	5	14	2	79	17	42
2020	First Nations	38	49	5	8	0	87	8	21
2020	Métis	35	38	5	16	5	73	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	36	5	11	4	80	15	958

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	24	7	2	4	0	2	87	6	55
2022	First Nations	71	10	9	5	0	0	6	85	6	20
2022	Métis	55	30	8	0	6	0	0	86	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	24	7	5	3	0	8	83	9	950
2020	Indigenous	53	35	10	0	2	0	0	88	2	42
2020	First Nations	48	48	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	21
2020	Métis	56	22	16	0	5	0	0	79	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	29	10	9	5	0	1	76	14	956
2019	Indigenous	42	30	7	6	6	1	6	78	14	49
2019	Métis	34	35	9	7	2	2	11	79	11	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	34	9	9	4	0	6	76	14	853

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	17	14	9	10	2	66	19	55
2022	First Nations	66	4	14	9	5	0	71	15	20
2022	Métis	35	23	17	11	12	3	60	23	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	30	11	8	5	3	75	13	950
2020	Indigenous	36	41	9	7	7	0	77	14	42
2020	First Nations	35	49	8	5	3	0	84	8	21
2020	Métis	38	35	11	11	5	0	73	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	9	10	4	1	77	14	954
2019	Indigenous	37	35	8	9	11	0	72	20	49
2019	Métis	23	46	11	13	7	0	69	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	34	12	11	5	0	72	16	860

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	83	4	7	2	4	0	87	6	55
2022	First Nations	80	10	10	0	0	0	90	0	20
2022	Métis	83	0	8	3	6	0	83	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	13	2	1	1	0	95	2	955
2020	Indigenous	74	17	2	2	2	2	92	5	42
2020	First Nations	85	15	0	0	0	0	100	0	21
2020	Métis	65	19	0	5	5	5	89	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	15	2	1	1	0	96	2	952

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	2	5	6	4	2	4	85	10	55
2022	First Nations	91	0	0	0	5	4	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	72	3	8	9	3	0	5	79	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	10	3	1	1	1	6	94	3	955
2019	Indigenous	81	12	0	2	2	0	2	95	5	50
2019	Métis	74	13	0	4	4	0	4	91	9	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	10	3	1	1	0	4	95	2	864

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	11	8	0	5	42	4	77	9	55
2022	First Nations	23	10	5	0	0	53	9	86	0	20
2022	Métis	34	11	9	0	5	42	0	77	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	9	5	3	2	30	6	84	8	950
2020	Indigenous	47	12	0	2	5	21	12	89	11	42
2020	First Nations	44	20	0	0	5	21	10	93	7	21
2020	Métis	53	5	0	5	5	22	9	85	15	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	14	8	3	4	26	5	79	10	961
2019	Indigenous	42	5	10	5	10	23	6	66	20	50
2019	Métis	28	9	18	0	13	26	7	54	19	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	15	7	5	6	25	5	75	15	857

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	55
2022	Métis	28	72	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	945
2019	Indigenous	29	71	49
2019	Métis	30	70	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	861
2018	Indigenous	21	79	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	927

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	95
2019	Indigenous	54	46	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	66	173

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	31	95

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	95

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	95
2019	Indigenous	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	173

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	95

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	95
2019	Indigenous	49	51	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	173

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	95

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	95
2019	Indigenous	35	65	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	173

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	95
2019	Indigenous	56	44	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	64	173

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	95

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	95
2019	Indigenous	52	48	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	64	173

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	95

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	31	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	95
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	43	173

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	95
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	173

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	95

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	95
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	173

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	95

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	95
2019	Indigenous	69	31	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	173

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	95

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	95
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	173

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	95
2019	Indigenous	52	48	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	44	173

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	95

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	95

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	95

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	95

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	95

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	95

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	95
2019	Indigenous	39	61	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	173

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	95

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	85

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	85

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	85

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	85

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	85

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	85

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	85

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	85

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	85

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	85

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	85

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	85

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	85

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	85

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	85

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	85

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	10	16	5	4	40	11	47	20	55
2022	First Nations	29	5	18	5	0	23	20	60	8	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	7	10	3	4	46	18	53	20	950
2020	Indigenous	25	10	10	8	3	25	19	63	19	41
2020	First Nations	21	10	16	5	0	27	21	60	10	20
2020	Métis	30	11	0	11	5	24	19	72	28	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	10	14	4	4	41	12	54	17	953
2019	Indigenous	4	13	13	3	23	25	19	31	46	47
2019	Métis	8	22	12	5	25	17	10	42	41	25
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	10	15	8	8	34	10	45	29	847
2018	Indigenous	17	0	28	9	11	29	7	26	31	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	13	19	8	9	34	6	40	29	913

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	17	13	2	6	17	2	75	9	55
2022	First Nations	71	0	10	0	5	9	5	83	5	20
2022	Métis	29	26	17	0	6	22	0	71	8	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	20	12	3	4	24	6	72	10	950
2020	Indigenous	41	28	12	5	0	11	2	80	6	42
2020	First Nations	49	30	10	0	0	11	0	89	0	21
2020	Métis	35	28	11	11	0	11	5	75	13	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	20	14	4	3	23	3	70	11	960
2019	Indigenous	32	29	4	10	14	8	3	68	27	47
2019	Métis	26	42	0	15	12	5	0	72	28	25
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	22	16	7	6	18	3	64	16	848
2018	Indigenous	28	19	22	3	10	15	4	57	16	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	28	19	6	9	14	2	59	18	910

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	950
2019	Indigenous	25	75	50
2019	Métis	28	72	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	862
2018	Indigenous	22	78	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	923

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	50

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	23	50

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	50

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2019	Indigenous	100	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	77

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	50
2019	Indigenous	47	53	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	77

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	50

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	50

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	50

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	50

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	50

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	50

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	50

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50
2019	Indigenous	0	100	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	76

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50
2019	Indigenous	0	100	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	76

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	50
2019	Indigenous	57	43	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	76

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2019	Indigenous	100	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	76

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	50

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	50

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	50

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	50

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	50

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	50

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	50

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	50

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	45

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	45

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	45

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	45

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	45

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	45

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	45

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	45

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	45

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	45

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	45

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	45

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	45

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	45

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	45

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	45

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	5	13	4	6	51	7	47	23	55
2022	First Nations	34	0	14	0	0	37	15	71	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	8	13	2	3	50	11	54	13	955
2020	Indigenous	26	10	12	5	2	30	14	65	13	42
2020	First Nations	30	5	15	5	0	31	15	64	9	21
2020	Métis	24	16	5	5	5	30	14	72	19	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	10	13	4	2	43	10	60	13	957
2019	Indigenous	13	12	15	0	19	25	17	42	33	47
2019	Métis	16	19	17	0	17	22	10	51	25	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	10	17	5	4	40	9	49	19	850
2018	Indigenous	18	0	26	4	12	32	9	30	26	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	14	19	4	6	39	6	47	18	911

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	16	12	3	2	13	2	79	6	55
2022	First Nations	71	6	14	0	0	5	5	85	0	20
2022	Métis	41	23	13	3	3	17	0	78	6	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	23	12	3	2	25	4	76	7	955
2020	Indigenous	39	31	15	2	0	11	2	80	3	42
2020	First Nations	44	30	15	0	0	11	0	83	0	21
2020	Métis	35	33	11	5	0	11	5	81	6	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	19	14	5	2	23	4	72	9	958
2019	Indigenous	40	17	11	5	14	13	0	66	22	47
2019	Métis	38	19	12	5	12	14	0	66	20	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	21	15	4	4	22	2	69	10	850
2018	Indigenous	30	13	16	10	12	16	2	53	27	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	29	16	4	6	19	2	67	12	912

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	55
2022	First Nations	10	90	20
2022	Métis	25	75	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	950
2020	Indigenous	10	90	41
2020	First Nations	10	90	21
2020	Métis	11	89	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	939
2019	Indigenous	37	63	50
2019	Métis	50	50	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	861

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	145

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	23	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	145
2019	Indigenous	64	36	17
2019	Métis	61	39	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	79	21	150

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	32	11	8	5	1	75	14	110
2019	Indigenous	43	37	10	0	10	0	79	10	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	28	9	13	8	0	70	21	116

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	18	12	9	6	9	12	66	19	55
2022	First Nations	43	24	5	10	5	9	5	78	16	20
2022	Métis	30	17	14	5	7	11	16	64	16	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	28	11	7	4	7	12	72	14	950
2020	Indigenous	36	35	17	5	0	7	2	77	5	42
2020	First Nations	35	44	10	0	0	8	3	89	0	21
2020	Métis	38	27	19	11	0	5	0	69	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	27	11	8	5	7	8	72	15	956

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	20	14	12	48	15

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	15

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	15

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	15

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	15

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	15

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	15

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	15

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	15

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	15

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	15

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	15

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	15

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	15

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	26	21	0	0	0	19	75	0	15

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	12	27	0	18	18	26	31	21	15

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	12	32	6	12	12	19	26	28	15

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	32	9	8	8	3	0	75	16	55
2022	First Nations	47	29	4	10	5	5	0	81	15	20
2022	Métis	37	35	8	9	9	2	0	73	19	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	27	11	8	7	4	3	72	16	955
2020	Indigenous	39	33	12	7	0	4	4	78	8	42
2020	First Nations	44	33	10	5	0	8	0	84	5	21
2020	Métis	35	35	11	11	0	0	9	77	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	26	12	9	8	4	2	70	17	953

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	2	12	4	47	4	20	68	16	55
2022	First Nations	19	0	9	5	47	0	19	65	24	20
2022	Métis	8	3	13	3	47	6	20	67	15	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	4	10	5	40	9	29	72	12	950

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	30	24	10	8	0	0	58	18	55
2022	First Nations	28	39	19	10	5	0	0	67	15	20
2022	Métis	26	30	28	10	6	0	0	56	16	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	31	17	6	6	8	1	68	13	955
2020	Indigenous	37	39	12	2	2	7	0	82	5	42
2020	First Nations	44	44	5	0	0	6	0	95	0	21
2020	Métis	32	35	14	5	5	9	0	73	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	33	13	6	4	8	1	76	11	961
2019	Indigenous	20	19	22	7	22	10	0	44	32	50
2019	Métis	13	15	24	5	31	11	0	32	41	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	33	20	13	9	6	0	55	24	868
2018	Indigenous	13	32	16	12	19	6	2	49	34	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	30	22	13	11	6	1	50	26	924

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	36	25	22	2	55
2022	First Nations	20	41	23	15	0	20
2022	Métis	10	37	27	24	3	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	32	26	14	3	955

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	20	18	2	10	10	0	67	13	55
2022	First Nations	43	25	14	0	5	14	0	79	5	20
2022	Métis	38	20	18	3	12	10	0	64	16	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	23	18	6	5	11	4	67	13	950
2020	Indigenous	27	29	15	7	7	12	2	65	17	42
2020	First Nations	35	25	15	10	5	11	0	67	17	21
2020	Métis	21	35	11	5	11	14	3	68	19	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	22	20	6	6	15	3	62	14	949

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	22	15	16	10	2	2	58	27	55
2022	First Nations	47	25	4	9	10	0	5	76	19	20
2022	Métis	28	21	17	22	9	2	0	51	32	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	21	13	13	14	5	3	57	29	955
2020	Indigenous	27	33	15	10	12	3	0	62	22	42
2020	First Nations	30	25	15	15	13	3	0	56	29	21
2020	Métis	27	44	11	5	11	3	0	73	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	23	14	15	15	6	2	53	32	958

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	31	15	11	8	0	0	66	18	55
2022	First Nations	49	31	15	5	0	0	0	80	5	20
2022	Métis	28	33	15	13	12	0	0	61	25	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	17	12	9	4	4	59	22	950
2020	Indigenous	30	28	17	10	8	5	3	63	19	41
2020	First Nations	20	30	20	15	5	6	5	56	22	21
2020	Métis	44	27	9	5	11	3	0	74	17	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	24	20	11	8	7	2	58	21	962
2019	Indigenous	14	24	19	10	21	11	0	43	35	49
2019	Métis	7	20	23	13	24	13	0	31	43	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	25	21	16	12	6	2	47	31	864
2018	Indigenous	17	28	10	19	22	2	2	47	43	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	25	20	18	16	3	2	43	35	925

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	21	20	5	25	0	0	50	30	55
2022	First Nations	28	19	30	0	24	0	0	47	24	20
2022	Métis	25	24	13	8	30	0	0	49	38	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	22	21	12	19	1	1	47	32	945
2020	Indigenous	29	33	17	14	5	2	0	64	19	42
2020	First Nations	33	25	15	23	5	0	0	57	28	21
2020	Métis	27	44	19	0	5	5	0	74	6	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	24	21	12	9	1	1	57	21	959
2019	Indigenous	37	26	20	7	10	0	0	63	17	49
2019	Métis	43	14	25	9	9	0	0	57	18	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	30	18	9	8	0	1	64	18	866
2018	Indigenous	34	18	20	18	10	0	0	52	28	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	24	21	12	14	0	1	52	26	929

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	26	16	7	2	0	2	74	9	55
2022	First Nations	57	15	19	9	0	0	0	71	9	20
2022	Métis	41	32	17	6	3	0	3	74	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	24	15	6	3	1	4	75	9	950
2020	Indigenous	36	27	16	12	7	2	0	64	20	42
2020	First Nations	35	25	13	20	5	3	0	61	25	21
2020	Métis	38	32	14	5	11	0	0	70	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	24	18	8	4	1	2	70	12	963
2019	Indigenous	41	32	15	1	9	0	2	75	10	50
2019	Métis	36	26	22	0	11	0	4	65	12	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	26	16	6	3	0	2	75	9	867
2018	Indigenous	43	19	23	7	2	0	5	66	10	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	28	17	6	3	0	4	73	9	928

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	15	15	2	2	2	5	80	4	55
2022	First Nations	61	20	15	0	4	0	0	81	4	20
2022	Métis	59	15	13	3	0	3	7	82	3	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	18	10	4	3	2	13	80	8	950
2020	Indigenous	51	24	14	2	2	2	4	80	5	42
2020	First Nations	49	23	10	5	5	3	5	79	11	21
2020	Métis	56	21	19	0	0	0	3	80	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	21	12	5	3	2	4	78	9	954
2019	Indigenous	55	21	12	4	5	0	4	78	9	50
2019	Métis	54	17	15	2	4	0	7	76	7	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	25	12	5	2	1	4	80	7	866
2018	Indigenous	51	19	14	9	2	0	5	74	11	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	24	13	5	3	1	8	77	9	926

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	11	13	8	0	18	2	74	10	55
2022	First Nations	55	5	15	11	0	14	0	70	12	20
2022	Métis	43	14	12	9	0	20	3	73	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	16	9	5	4	10	9	78	10	950
2020	Indigenous	45	22	16	7	5	4	0	71	13	42
2020	First Nations	40	15	28	5	5	8	0	59	11	21
2020	Métis	54	27	3	11	5	0	0	81	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	18	12	5	4	7	2	77	10	954
2019	Indigenous	61	11	11	11	1	0	4	75	13	49
2019	Métis	49	11	15	15	2	0	7	64	19	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	20	11	5	3	2	3	80	9	867
2018	Indigenous	53	19	12	6	4	0	6	76	11	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	21	11	4	3	3	6	81	8	927

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	13	13	4	0	0	13	81	4	55
2022	First Nations	71	0	25	4	0	0	0	71	4	20
2022	Métis	52	17	8	3	0	0	20	86	4	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	13	6	3	1	2	15	87	6	950
2020	Indigenous	62	16	8	8	5	2	0	79	13	41
2020	First Nations	62	14	5	10	5	3	0	79	16	20
2020	Métis	65	14	11	5	5	0	0	79	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	19	10	4	4	2	5	81	8	950
2019	Indigenous	56	21	7	1	6	2	6	84	8	50
2019	Métis	54	22	9	2	7	0	7	81	10	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	14	8	3	2	0	10	86	5	866
2018	Indigenous	54	13	13	2	2	0	15	79	5	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	16	8	3	2	1	14	86	5	928

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	33	17	11	11	0	0	61	22	55
2022	First Nations	19	24	33	9	15	0	0	43	24	20
2022	Métis	29	38	13	12	7	0	0	67	20	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	24	17	9	9	1	2	64	19	945
2020	Indigenous	31	21	17	12	17	2	0	53	29	42
2020	First Nations	30	20	10	13	25	3	0	51	39	21
2020	Métis	35	22	21	11	11	0	0	58	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	24	20	11	9	1	1	59	21	960
2019	Indigenous	35	21	19	6	19	0	0	56	26	50
2019	Métis	34	24	15	0	26	0	0	58	26	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	26	19	11	9	0	1	61	20	866
2018	Indigenous	24	19	20	26	9	0	2	44	35	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	29	20	9	11	0	2	59	21	931

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	17	32	4	6	3	2	57	10	55
2022	First Nations	48	9	28	6	5	0	4	60	11	20
2022	Métis	31	20	32	6	6	5	0	54	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	19	16	10	10	4	10	59	23	945
2020	Indigenous	38	24	17	10	5	4	2	66	16	42
2020	First Nations	33	30	15	15	5	3	0	64	20	21
2020	Métis	46	19	16	5	5	5	3	71	12	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	23	17	9	6	3	4	65	16	962
2019	Indigenous	35	33	17	7	7	0	0	68	14	50
2019	Métis	36	37	13	4	9	0	0	74	13	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	24	19	11	8	1	4	60	20	868
2018	Indigenous	47	11	7	12	9	8	6	68	24	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	23	20	11	11	2	4	55	24	930

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	30	9	2	11	5	3	76	14	55
2022	First Nations	52	20	10	4	9	0	4	76	14	20
2022	Métis	31	39	8	0	12	8	3	78	14	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	21	14	6	6	4	8	70	14	950
2020	Indigenous	32	31	15	3	15	2	2	66	18	41
2020	First Nations	35	28	15	0	20	3	0	64	20	21
2020	Métis	31	31	17	6	11	0	3	65	17	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	25	18	9	7	3	2	64	17	956
2019	Indigenous	43	21	15	12	8	0	1	65	20	50
2019	Métis	45	20	15	9	9	0	2	66	18	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	26	15	8	5	2	4	71	14	864
2018	Indigenous	40	16	17	8	9	2	8	62	19	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	24	15	10	6	3	6	66	18	928

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	31	16	4	8	0	2	73	11	55
2022	First Nations	38	24	20	4	9	0	4	65	14	20
2022	Métis	40	35	16	3	6	0	0	75	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	24	14	7	6	2	4	71	14	945
2020	Indigenous	50	18	15	2	12	2	0	70	15	42
2020	First Nations	49	18	15	0	15	3	0	69	15	21
2020	Métis	54	14	16	5	11	0	0	68	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	26	18	9	6	2	1	66	16	959
2019	Indigenous	39	25	19	6	8	2	1	66	14	50
2019	Métis	40	20	22	4	7	4	2	64	12	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	28	13	6	5	0	2	75	11	867
2018	Indigenous	37	38	11	5	9	0	0	75	14	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	30	13	7	5	1	3	74	13	928

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	29	10	6	8	0	2	76	14	55
2022	First Nations	43	28	9	11	5	0	4	75	16	20
2022	Métis	45	30	10	6	9	0	0	75	15	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	22	16	8	10	2	3	64	19	945
2020	Indigenous	45	23	12	2	15	2	0	70	18	42
2020	First Nations	38	30	15	0	15	3	0	69	15	21
2020	Métis	56	17	5	5	16	0	0	73	21	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	26	14	7	8	2	1	70	15	953
2019	Indigenous	48	14	13	8	17	0	0	62	25	50
2019	Métis	40	22	17	11	9	0	0	63	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	26	12	10	11	1	1	66	22	864

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	30	15	3	12	0	0	71	15	55
2022	First Nations	37	35	10	4	14	0	0	72	19	20
2022	Métis	40	31	14	5	9	0	0	72	14	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	23	14	9	9	1	4	66	20	950
2020	Indigenous	36	20	21	12	12	0	0	55	24	42
2020	First Nations	25	20	33	10	13	0	0	44	23	21
2020	Métis	44	21	9	16	11	0	0	65	27	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	24	19	13	10	1	2	57	24	959

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	29	13	10	3	0	2	73	13	55
2022	First Nations	47	29	15	9	0	0	0	76	9	20
2022	Métis	41	28	14	10	5	0	3	70	16	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	24	15	7	7	1	3	70	14	950
2020	Indigenous	29	28	24	5	12	2	0	58	18	42
2020	First Nations	30	28	20	5	15	3	0	59	20	21
2020	Métis	30	30	24	5	11	0	0	60	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	28	20	12	10	1	1	57	22	955
2019	Indigenous	41	26	22	11	0	0	0	67	11	50
2019	Métis	46	30	20	4	0	0	0	76	4	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	14	4	3	0	2	79	7	867
2018	Indigenous	57	26	7	6	4	0	0	83	10	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	29	13	5	3	0	3	78	8	927

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	17	2	5	2	0	13	90	8	55
2022	First Nations	67	13	4	5	0	0	10	89	6	20
2022	Métis	58	20	0	5	2	0	14	91	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	12	7	3	3	2	14	84	7	945
2020	Indigenous	58	21	13	3	3	0	3	82	5	41
2020	First Nations	60	20	15	0	5	0	0	80	5	21
2020	Métis	54	24	11	6	0	0	6	82	6	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	21	11	4	3	1	4	81	8	957
2019	Indigenous	62	17	8	7	5	0	1	80	12	50
2019	Métis	63	20	7	4	4	0	2	84	9	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	23	14	7	3	0	4	74	11	867
2018	Indigenous	60	14	13	5	2	0	6	79	8	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	21	16	6	4	0	4	73	10	929

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	33	20	12	2	0	0	66	13	55
2022	First Nations	35	36	14	11	5	0	0	71	15	20
2022	Métis	31	32	25	12	0	0	0	63	12	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	29	13	6	4	1	2	76	10	950
2020	Indigenous	48	21	23	5	2	0	0	69	7	42
2020	First Nations	52	25	23	0	0	0	0	77	0	21
2020	Métis	40	19	24	11	5	0	0	60	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	29	18	9	6	0	1	68	15	958

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	12	2	5	8	0	11	83	15	55
2022	First Nations	66	9	0	4	10	0	11	84	16	20
2022	Métis	56	16	3	6	6	0	14	83	13	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	12	5	2	3	2	18	88	6	950
2020	Indigenous	77	9	5	7	0	0	2	87	8	42
2020	First Nations	82	10	0	5	0	0	3	95	5	21
2020	Métis	70	9	11	11	0	0	0	79	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	12	8	3	2	1	8	87	5	957
2019	Indigenous	62	7	10	2	9	0	10	77	12	50
2019	Métis	60	4	11	4	7	0	13	74	13	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	67	12	5	4	2	1	9	88	6	868
2018	Indigenous	66	6	9	2	2	4	9	84	5	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	12	6	3	2	6	12	88	5	922

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	12	7	3	4	4	4	85	8	55
2022	First Nations	72	0	9	9	0	6	5	80	10	20
2022	Métis	62	18	2	2	6	5	3	88	10	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	7	3	2	3	3	11	91	5	940
2020	Indigenous	79	15	2	2	0	2	0	95	3	42
2020	First Nations	80	15	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	21
2020	Métis	76	16	0	5	0	3	0	95	5	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	80	8	3	2	2	2	5	93	3	956
2019	Indigenous	66	2	11	6	12	0	2	70	19	50
2019	Métis	63	0	17	11	9	0	0	63	20	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	70	10	7	4	4	1	5	85	8	866
2018	Indigenous	55	16	9	5	12	0	3	73	18	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	15	7	4	4	2	5	83	9	930

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	5	7	0	0	0	8	92	0	55
2022	First Nations	85	0	10	0	0	0	6	90	0	20
2022	Métis	77	8	3	0	0	0	12	97	0	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	10	3	1	1	1	10	94	2	950
2020	Indigenous	84	7	5	0	0	2	2	95	0	42
2020	First Nations	92	0	5	0	0	3	0	95	0	21
2020	Métis	76	16	5	0	0	0	3	95	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	10	2	1	0	1	5	97	1	958
2019	Indigenous	70	13	8	2	4	0	3	86	6	50
2019	Métis	62	17	9	4	2	0	5	83	7	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	16	5	2	1	1	4	91	4	868
2018	Indigenous	75	9	4	5	4	0	3	87	9	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	18	7	3	2	1	5	87	5	929

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	11	9	0	8	0	3	83	8	55
2022	First Nations	82	5	4	0	9	0	0	87	9	20
2022	Métis	64	14	8	0	9	0	5	82	9	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	19	7	4	4	1	5	84	9	940
2020	Indigenous	63	12	17	2	0	3	2	79	3	42
2020	First Nations	62	15	20	0	0	3	0	80	0	21
2020	Métis	67	5	16	5	0	3	3	77	6	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	16	7	4	2	2	3	86	7	956
2019	Indigenous	60	11	12	9	6	0	1	73	15	50
2019	Métis	58	15	13	4	7	0	2	75	11	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	21	10	4	6	1	2	79	10	864
2018	Indigenous	60	16	10	2	9	0	2	78	12	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	22	12	7	7	0	3	73	14	931

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	0	0	2	0	0	39	97	3	55
2022	First Nations	58	0	0	0	0	0	42	100	0	20
2022	Métis	56	0	0	3	0	0	41	95	5	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	2	1	0	0	1	49	97	2	945
2020	Indigenous	71	0	0	0	0	2	27	100	0	42
2020	First Nations	74	0	0	0	0	3	23	100	0	21
2020	Métis	67	0	0	0	0	0	33	100	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	5	1	0	0	1	35	98	1	957
2019	Indigenous	63	2	0	0	0	0	34	100	0	49
2019	Métis	56	4	0	0	0	0	40	100	0	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	5	2	0	0	1	41	96	1	860
2018	Indigenous	53	5	2	2	0	0	39	94	3	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	5	3	0	1	0	52	93	2	924

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	24	19	2	2	0	5	77	3	55
2022	First Nations	57	24	10	0	0	0	9	89	0	20
2022	Métis	45	25	23	2	3	0	2	72	5	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	18	10	5	4	1	10	80	10	945
2020	Indigenous	70	11	12	2	2	0	2	82	5	42
2020	First Nations	77	8	15	0	0	0	0	85	0	21
2020	Métis	67	9	11	5	5	0	3	78	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	18	9	4	3	1	4	83	7	958
2019	Indigenous	53	18	11	2	7	0	9	77	10	50
2019	Métis	50	13	13	0	9	0	15	74	10	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	17	12	5	4	1	10	77	10	864
2018	Indigenous	51	18	6	14	9	0	2	71	23	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	19	13	6	4	1	13	73	12	931

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	18	16	7	17	4	5	56	26	55
2022	First Nations	24	20	23	9	15	0	9	48	26	20
2022	Métis	36	17	14	6	19	5	2	58	27	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	20	14	8	16	3	4	60	25	950
2020	Indigenous	36	15	17	17	14	2	0	52	31	42
2020	First Nations	35	10	28	15	13	0	0	44	28	21
2020	Métis	40	21	5	19	11	3	0	64	31	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	21	17	10	11	1	1	61	21	959
2019	Indigenous	31	16	15	16	19	0	4	49	36	50
2019	Métis	37	22	12	9	18	0	2	61	27	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	22	18	9	15	0	2	57	25	867
2018	Indigenous	30	23	22	4	21	0	0	54	25	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	20	16	14	23	1	2	45	38	931

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	25	6	2	4	0	2	89	5	55
2022	First Nations	67	9	5	4	10	0	5	79	15	20
2022	Métis	64	32	3	0	0	0	0	97	0	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	22	10	4	4	2	6	81	8	950
2020	Indigenous	48	21	15	7	7	0	2	71	14	42
2020	First Nations	48	20	15	10	8	0	0	67	18	21
2020	Métis	51	19	16	5	5	0	3	73	11	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	22	14	5	4	1	2	77	9	954
2019	Indigenous	40	25	13	5	17	0	0	66	22	50
2019	Métis	45	24	7	0	24	0	0	69	24	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	25	12	4	2	1	3	81	7	867
2018	Indigenous	37	18	27	6	5	0	6	59	12	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	26	12	5	4	1	3	79	9	929

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	34	37	6	9	2	48	14	55
2022	First Nations	20	23	24	15	14	4	45	30	20
2022	Métis	8	38	46	0	5	2	48	5	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	34	34	7	6	0	53	12	955
2020	Indigenous	12	37	31	10	10	0	50	20	42
2020	First Nations	15	33	28	15	10	0	48	25	21
2020	Métis	11	38	35	5	11	0	49	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	34	29	9	5	1	56	14	961
2019	Indigenous	16	31	29	11	12	0	47	23	50
2019	Métis	18	29	31	9	13	0	47	22	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	35	34	10	4	0	52	15	868
2018	Indigenous	14	25	32	22	5	2	40	28	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	30	34	12	6	0	48	18	924

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	9	49	16	15	0	0	31	19	55
2022	First Nations	23	14	28	14	20	0	0	34	38	20
2022	Métis	3	5	64	16	12	0	0	28	8	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	14	38	24	15	0	1	39	22	955
2020	Indigenous	15	12	44	21	7	2	0	28	27	42
2020	First Nations	20	18	25	30	5	3	0	36	39	21
2020	Métis	11	5	62	14	9	0	0	22	16	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	18	35	23	12	1	0	36	29	957
2019	Indigenous	22	15	37	14	12	0	0	26	37	50
2019	Métis	25	4	48	7	15	0	0	23	29	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	18	36	22	14	0	0	36	28	868
2018	Indigenous	15	22	33	9	19	0	2	29	38	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	17	37	22	13	0	1	36	27	926

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	39	46	2	55
2022	First Nations	20	28	47	5	20
2022	Métis	12	46	42	0	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	47	38	5	955
2020	Indigenous	12	28	51	8	42
2020	First Nations	15	38	40	8	21
2020	Métis	11	19	62	9	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	38	40	12	963

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	95

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	2	8	0	5	19	20	79	8	55
2022	First Nations	45	4	0	0	9	19	23	85	15	20
2022	Métis	48	2	12	0	3	18	17	78	4	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	3	4	2	2	16	34	86	7	950
2020	Indigenous	51	0	5	0	0	20	24	91	0	42
2020	First Nations	67	0	5	0	0	15	13	93	0	21
2020	Métis	37	0	5	0	0	27	31	88	0	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	7	4	2	1	12	28	88	6	959
2019	Indigenous	45	2	10	0	5	9	29	76	8	49
2019	Métis	58	0	15	0	4	2	20	75	6	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	7	3	2	3	6	30	88	7	852
2018	Indigenous	56	9	2	2	4	12	15	88	8	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	9	4	1	3	6	25	88	6	895

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	13	14	15	34	5	5	29	55	95

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	9	15	14	36	8	13	17	64	95

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Statistical Survey Operations by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark