2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canadian Food Inspection Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	31	10	4	16	70	20	75
2022	First Nations	48	30	9	3	11	78	14	30
2022	Métis	33	34	8	5	20	67	26	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	41	12	6	4	78	10	3240
2020	Indigenous	30	44	13	10	3	74	12	105
2020	Métis	29	47	11	10	3	75	14	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	40	12	7	3	78	10	3996
2019	Indigenous	37	38	13	6	7	75	13	128
2019	Métis	35	40	13	7	5	75	12	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	42	13	8	5	75	13	4283
2018	Indigenous	26	42	12	13	7	68	20	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	45	13	9	5	74	14	4289

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	32	11	12	14	63	26	75
2022	First Nations	40	24	9	5	21	64	26	30
2022	Métis	23	38	12	20	7	61	28	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	37	13	10	6	72	15	3235
2020	Indigenous	31	32	18	14	5	64	19	104
2020	Métis	27	34	16	14	9	61	23	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	38	14	9	6	71	15	3989
2019	Indigenous	36	28	13	15	8	64	23	126
2019	Métis	37	31	12	11	8	69	19	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	39	16	11	7	66	18	4267
2018	Indigenous	21	37	16	18	8	58	26	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	38	15	13	8	64	21	4303

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	25	12	5	6	78	10	75
2022	First Nations	62	13	12	5	8	75	14	30
2022	Métis	45	34	14	5	2	79	7	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	35	9	3	1	86	4	3235
2020	Indigenous	47	35	13	4	1	82	5	105
2020	Métis	53	31	11	5	0	84	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	33	9	3	1	87	4	3969
2019	Indigenous	52	32	10	3	4	83	7	127
2019	Métis	56	31	8	4	2	87	6	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	36	10	3	2	85	5	4251
2018	Indigenous	50	33	7	6	4	83	10	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	36	9	4	2	85	6	4283

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	24	16	5	11	0	69	16	75
2022	First Nations	56	13	15	5	11	0	69	16	30
2022	Métis	36	33	12	5	13	0	70	18	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	40	10	5	2	0	83	7	3235
2020	Indigenous	38	36	17	9	0	0	74	9	105
2020	Métis	32	47	10	10	0	0	79	10	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	39	10	5	2	0	84	7	3988
2019	Indigenous	39	41	12	4	5	0	80	9	129
2019	Métis	40	41	10	5	3	0	81	8	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	42	11	5	3	0	81	8	4282
2018	Indigenous	30	42	11	13	4	1	72	17	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	43	12	6	3	0	79	10	4311

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	29	11	11	12	2	65	23	75
2022	First Nations	47	20	7	9	11	5	71	21	30
2022	Métis	27	31	14	14	15	0	57	29	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	35	14	9	5	0	72	14	3240
2020	Indigenous	29	38	20	7	6	0	67	13	105
2020	Métis	25	42	17	9	7	0	67	16	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	35	15	8	4	0	73	12	3977
2019	Indigenous	35	32	17	11	5	0	67	15	128
2019	Métis	34	36	17	9	4	0	69	13	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	33	18	10	6	1	66	16	4274
2018	Indigenous	28	31	17	13	9	2	60	22	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	34	19	11	7	1	63	18	4312

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	34	14	10	8	0	69	18	75
2022	First Nations	44	31	11	5	9	0	75	14	30
2022	Métis	29	31	15	15	9	0	60	25	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	37	14	10	5	0	71	14	3235
2020	Indigenous	30	37	19	10	3	1	68	13	103
2020	Métis	29	37	18	12	4	0	66	16	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	14	8	4	0	74	11	3962
2019	Indigenous	35	34	14	12	5	0	68	17	128
2019	Métis	32	37	15	12	4	0	70	16	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	37	17	10	6	0	67	16	4255
2018	Indigenous	25	35	18	14	8	1	60	22	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	36	18	12	6	0	64	18	4300

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	24	17	13	17	1	0	52	30	75
2022	First Nations	36	21	14	10	20	0	0	57	29	30
2022	Métis	21	27	21	13	18	0	0	48	31	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	27	18	12	9	5	0	60	22	3240
2020	Indigenous	29	21	21	16	9	4	0	52	26	104
2020	Métis	24	22	21	16	12	5	0	49	30	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	18	11	7	3	0	62	18	3986
2019	Indigenous	31	22	22	11	11	3	0	54	23	129
2019	Métis	32	21	24	8	12	2	0	54	21	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	25	21	14	9	4	1	54	25	4280
2018	Indigenous	18	22	24	21	12	3	0	41	34	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	25	22	15	11	3	0	51	27	4313

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	24	9	4	10	0	7	76	14	75
2022	First Nations	48	21	0	3	16	0	12	78	22	30
2022	Métis	42	31	15	2	6	0	4	76	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	29	13	4	2	1	4	80	6	3235
2020	Indigenous	49	22	22	3	2	0	2	72	5	105
2020	Métis	55	21	17	2	4	0	2	77	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	26	13	4	3	1	3	79	8	3996
2019	Indigenous	54	23	11	7	3	1	2	79	10	129
2019	Métis	58	22	10	4	5	1	0	81	8	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	28	14	5	3	1	3	77	8	4278

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	27	10	9	11	0	0	70	20	75
2022	First Nations	32	25	9	16	18	0	0	57	34	30
2022	Métis	50	28	13	2	7	0	0	78	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	33	9	5	3	1	1	82	9	3230
2020	Indigenous	45	25	14	10	4	2	1	72	14	104
2020	Métis	47	24	16	9	2	0	2	73	11	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	32	9	6	3	0	0	81	10	3996
2019	Indigenous	48	26	11	8	6	1	0	75	14	129
2019	Métis	48	27	10	8	6	1	0	76	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	33	11	7	5	1	0	78	12	4270
2018	Indigenous	40	29	11	13	8	0	0	69	20	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	34	11	9	5	0	0	76	13	4298

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	23	10	8	9	73	17	75
2022	First Nations	49	22	14	3	13	71	16	30
2022	Métis	50	26	10	7	8	75	15	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	27	9	6	4	81	10	3235
2020	Indigenous	53	23	12	7	6	76	12	105
2020	Métis	51	26	7	9	7	77	16	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	27	9	5	4	82	9	4003
2019	Indigenous	53	29	10	5	4	82	8	128
2019	Métis	53	29	10	2	5	83	7	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	30	10	6	5	79	11	4283
2018	Indigenous	48	26	10	7	9	75	16	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	30	11	7	6	75	13	4308

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	23	20	9	13	9	54	24	75
2022	First Nations	33	17	16	13	10	10	56	26	30
2022	Métis	21	30	21	7	18	4	53	25	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	15	8	5	9	69	14	3235
2020	Indigenous	31	28	24	9	4	4	62	13	105
2020	Métis	27	31	19	12	5	5	61	18	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	31	15	8	4	8	71	13	3997
2019	Indigenous	35	33	17	5	7	3	70	12	128
2019	Métis	33	33	19	4	8	4	69	12	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	33	18	10	6	7	62	18	4279
2018	Indigenous	26	23	18	18	11	4	51	30	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	19	12	8	7	57	22	4319

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	27	16	14	18	5	50	33	75
2022	First Nations	28	24	13	9	18	8	56	29	30
2022	Métis	13	32	15	18	22	0	45	39	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	32	18	12	8	3	60	21	3235
2020	Indigenous	27	29	21	13	8	2	57	22	104
2020	Métis	20	32	18	16	12	2	54	28	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	17	10	6	2	65	17	3986
2019	Indigenous	29	32	17	11	9	2	62	20	127
2019	Métis	24	34	23	8	10	1	59	18	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	32	19	15	9	3	55	25	4272
2018	Indigenous	23	23	16	23	12	4	48	36	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	30	21	16	12	3	50	28	4317

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	18	22	22	12	9	39	37	75
2022	First Nations	31	8	17	21	9	14	45	35	30
2022	Métis	7	25	23	25	16	4	33	43	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	29	21	15	9	6	52	26	3235
2020	Indigenous	19	24	29	16	10	2	44	26	103
2020	Métis	17	22	21	21	16	2	40	38	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	33	19	14	7	5	58	22	3989
2019	Indigenous	26	30	19	14	10	2	56	24	126
2019	Métis	23	28	21	15	10	3	53	26	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	28	21	17	10	6	48	30	4258
2018	Indigenous	17	18	25	21	15	4	37	37	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	26	24	20	12	5	41	34	4306

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	27	14	22	15	5	47	39	75
2022	First Nations	25	25	11	12	20	8	54	34	30
2022	Métis	11	34	13	30	13	0	44	43	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	34	18	15	9	3	56	25	3235
2020	Indigenous	14	23	33	18	9	2	38	28	105
2020	Métis	10	22	27	21	16	3	34	38	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	36	17	13	7	2	61	21	3996
2019	Indigenous	22	26	19	17	14	2	50	31	128
2019	Métis	18	23	19	21	15	3	43	37	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	29	20	19	12	3	47	32	4276
2018	Indigenous	14	22	17	25	19	3	37	45	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	29	21	21	14	3	43	36	4316

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	29	7	21	11	0	60	32	75
2022	First Nations	36	27	5	23	8	0	64	31	30
2022	Métis	26	27	10	24	13	0	53	36	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	34	17	10	7	0	65	18	3240
2020	Indigenous	27	39	12	15	7	0	66	21	105
2020	Métis	23	36	16	16	9	0	60	25	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	37	16	11	6	0	67	17	4003
2019	Indigenous	34	31	12	14	8	0	65	22	129
2019	Métis	37	28	13	16	6	0	65	22	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	38	16	14	7	0	63	21	4275
2018	Indigenous	24	33	14	18	11	1	57	29	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	35	17	14	10	0	59	24	4311

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	33	9	19	6	0	67	25	75
2022	First Nations	36	34	6	19	5	0	71	24	30
2022	Métis	27	36	9	20	8	0	63	28	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	44	9	8	3	0	80	11	3235
2020	Indigenous	26	45	10	16	4	0	70	19	105
2020	Métis	17	49	11	17	5	0	67	23	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	43	12	8	3	0	77	11	3977
2019	Indigenous	28	38	13	15	7	0	66	21	127
2019	Métis	25	41	12	14	8	0	66	22	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	44	13	11	4	0	72	15	4257
2018	Indigenous	22	34	14	18	11	1	57	29	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	42	14	12	5	0	68	17	4317

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	29	10	10	14	0	0	66	24	75
2022	First Nations	33	29	6	16	16	0	0	62	32	30
2022	Métis	38	31	12	7	12	0	0	69	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	32	11	7	5	0	0	78	12	3235
2020	Indigenous	43	32	14	7	5	0	0	74	12	105
2020	Métis	43	38	7	5	7	0	0	81	12	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	32	11	7	4	0	0	78	11	3990
2019	Indigenous	51	26	9	8	7	0	0	76	15	127
2019	Métis	49	30	7	6	9	0	0	78	15	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	32	13	8	5	1	0	74	13	4281
2018	Indigenous	35	32	13	10	7	2	1	69	17	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	36	12	9	6	0	0	73	15	4310

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	34	5	16	17	62	33	75
2022	First Nations	32	38	8	13	9	70	22	30
2022	Métis	23	31	3	16	28	54	43	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	39	13	13	7	68	19	3230
2020	Indigenous	34	34	14	11	7	68	18	105
2020	Métis	32	40	9	9	10	72	19	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	40	12	13	4	71	17	3981
2019	Indigenous	23	39	20	11	7	61	19	128
2019	Métis	20	42	19	9	10	62	19	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	38	14	16	8	62	24	4277
2018	Indigenous	18	44	5	19	13	62	32	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	45	10	18	7	65	25	4318

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	17	24	3	12	1	0	61	15	75
2022	First Nations	38	13	25	5	16	3	0	53	21	30
2022	Métis	44	22	24	2	8	0	0	66	10	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	5	4	2	1	78	9	3235
2020	Indigenous	47	26	11	9	5	1	2	75	14	105
2020	Métis	52	27	7	9	3	2	0	80	13	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	26	13	5	4	1	1	78	9	3992

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	27	20	14	16	3	0	49	31	75
2022	First Nations	25	24	12	16	17	5	0	52	35	30
2022	Métis	13	29	27	15	15	2	0	43	30	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	34	18	14	10	2	0	58	24	3240
2020	Indigenous	23	28	23	13	11	0	1	51	25	105
2020	Métis	26	29	15	17	12	0	0	55	30	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	33	20	15	8	2	0	56	23	3987
2019	Indigenous	25	28	15	20	12	0	0	53	32	128
2019	Métis	21	32	13	19	15	0	0	53	34	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	30	20	18	13	2	0	48	31	4282
2018	Indigenous	13	21	23	21	18	3	0	35	41	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	31	20	19	15	1	0	45	35	4299

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	37	12	2	7	1	1	78	10	75
2022	First Nations	34	43	13	3	5	0	3	79	8	30
2022	Métis	41	34	14	3	9	0	0	74	12	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	25	13	6	5	1	5	75	11	3240
2020	Indigenous	44	27	15	4	6	3	1	74	10	105
2020	Métis	38	28	17	8	5	2	2	69	13	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	25	14	6	3	1	3	76	10	3996
2019	Indigenous	49	27	15	5	1	1	1	77	7	128
2019	Métis	49	27	16	2	2	2	0	79	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	26	14	5	3	1	4	76	9	4281

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	22	19	9	13	0	1	59	22	75
2022	First Nations	45	11	25	16	0	0	3	58	16	30
2022	Métis	29	28	15	5	23	0	0	57	28	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	27	16	6	5	2	4	71	12	3240
2020	Indigenous	39	29	14	8	9	1	1	70	17	104
2020	Métis	40	31	11	5	11	0	2	73	16	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	26	16	7	4	1	3	72	11	3991
2019	Indigenous	37	26	21	7	5	1	2	65	13	128
2019	Métis	36	30	17	8	6	0	3	68	15	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	25	20	10	6	2	3	63	16	4275

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	6	8	5	4	1	1	83	9	75
2022	First Nations	65	8	15	3	6	0	3	75	9	30
2022	Métis	80	6	3	6	3	3	0	88	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	10	5	2	4	5	6	88	7	3235
2020	Indigenous	67	17	7	2	2	5	0	88	4	105
2020	Métis	70	17	5	2	2	3	0	91	4	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	10	5	3	3	3	3	88	6	3977
2019	Indigenous	69	11	7	1	5	3	4	86	6	129
2019	Métis	69	15	6	1	4	1	4	88	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	10	6	3	3	4	4	87	6	4261

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	13	7	3	2	1	3	87	5	75
2022	First Nations	62	16	14	5	0	0	3	80	6	30
2022	Métis	71	14	3	2	3	3	4	91	6	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	11	3	2	2	3	11	91	5	3240
2020	Indigenous	65	13	11	1	2	5	3	85	3	104
2020	Métis	63	14	12	2	2	4	4	83	4	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	72	12	4	2	2	2	6	91	4	3978
2019	Indigenous	71	10	8	1	1	2	7	89	2	127
2019	Métis	74	12	6	1	1	1	5	91	3	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	8	3	2	2	2	8	92	4	4261

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	36	18	15	15	4	0	50	30	75
2022	First Nations	15	31	20	13	18	3	0	47	32	30
2022	Métis	8	39	15	19	14	5	0	49	35	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	33	12	15	14	3	1	57	30	3235
2020	Indigenous	20	18	23	20	20	0	0	38	40	105
2020	Métis	21	17	22	19	21	0	0	37	40	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	29	16	16	15	2	2	51	32	3991
2019	Indigenous	21	28	17	15	19	1	0	49	34	127
2019	Métis	20	31	16	15	16	1	0	51	32	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	27	16	17	18	2	2	46	36	4284
2018	Indigenous	16	24	13	20	27	1	0	40	47	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	26	18	19	19	2	2	42	39	4304

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	32	14	13	6	0	67	19	75
2022	First Nations	42	16	12	21	8	0	59	30	30
2022	Métis	30	47	12	6	5	0	77	11	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	39	13	10	5	0	71	15	3235
2020	Indigenous	31	35	19	11	4	0	66	15	103
2020	Métis	27	36	17	12	7	0	63	19	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	39	14	10	5	0	72	15	3969
2019	Indigenous	34	40	11	8	6	1	75	14	129
2019	Métis	35	37	13	7	6	1	73	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	41	15	11	6	0	68	17	4258
2018	Indigenous	22	40	13	15	10	0	62	25	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	41	14	13	8	0	65	21	4296

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	34	13	9	6	72	15	75
2022	First Nations	43	27	5	17	8	69	25	30
2022	Métis	31	43	16	4	5	75	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	36	15	9	4	73	12	3235
2020	Indigenous	40	28	18	10	4	68	14	105
2020	Métis	39	29	14	10	7	68	18	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	35	16	8	4	72	12	3999
2019	Indigenous	40	34	10	8	8	74	16	126
2019	Métis	41	32	5	11	10	73	22	76
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	17	9	6	68	15	4269
2018	Indigenous	35	32	17	7	8	67	16	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	37	16	10	7	66	17	4290

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	32	16	6	9	0	69	15	75
2022	First Nations	43	27	8	9	14	0	69	22	30
2022	Métis	31	38	22	3	7	0	68	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	13	8	4	0	75	12	3235
2020	Indigenous	27	40	23	7	3	1	67	10	103
2020	Métis	24	40	20	9	5	2	65	15	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	42	13	8	4	0	76	11	3966
2019	Indigenous	35	36	13	12	3	1	72	15	126
2019	Métis	37	37	12	9	3	1	75	13	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	42	15	10	4	0	71	14	4210
2018	Indigenous	25	36	11	17	11	0	61	28	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	39	16	12	6	0	66	19	4305

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	46	15	8	11	3	0	66	19	75
2022	First Nations	20	45	10	9	15	0	0	66	24	30
2022	Métis	14	45	18	9	9	6	0	62	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	38	21	11	4	5	0	63	16	3235
2020	Indigenous	21	34	27	8	5	5	0	58	14	105
2020	Métis	20	40	23	9	5	3	0	62	15	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	42	19	9	4	4	0	67	13	3988
2019	Indigenous	22	41	17	9	9	2	0	64	18	129
2019	Métis	23	38	19	8	11	1	0	61	20	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	40	21	11	4	4	1	61	17	4279
2018	Indigenous	18	25	25	18	8	6	1	45	28	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	35	26	12	7	3	0	53	20	4315

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	25	14	12	6	68	18	75
2022	First Nations	49	26	14	3	9	75	11	30
2022	Métis	36	24	13	22	5	60	26	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	34	10	8	5	76	13	3235
2020	Indigenous	49	28	10	11	4	76	14	105
2020	Métis	43	31	5	14	7	74	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	34	11	8	4	77	12	3986
2019	Indigenous	51	23	12	6	8	74	14	129
2019	Métis	51	27	10	5	7	78	12	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	34	11	9	6	74	15	4273
2018	Indigenous	46	30	8	10	6	75	16	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	35	12	10	6	72	16	4314

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	35	14	9	8	0	1	68	18	75
2022	First Nations	27	52	13	5	2	0	0	79	8	30
2022	Métis	38	18	15	15	14	0	0	56	29	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	34	16	6	4	0	0	74	10	3240
2020	Indigenous	34	33	22	5	6	0	0	67	11	104
2020	Métis	31	38	16	8	7	0	0	69	15	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	34	17	7	4	0	0	71	11	3976
2019	Indigenous	50	25	16	3	5	1	0	76	8	127
2019	Métis	53	20	19	3	6	0	0	72	9	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	35	17	7	4	0	0	71	11	4257
2018	Indigenous	31	36	17	7	9	0	1	67	16	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	33	19	8	5	0	0	68	13	4322

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	19	12	7	5	0	2	76	12	75
2022	First Nations	54	25	11	0	10	0	0	79	10	30
2022	Métis	52	17	11	13	2	0	4	72	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	22	6	4	4	2	4	86	8	3240

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	26	44	75
2022	First Nations	33	37	31	30
2022	Métis	28	21	51	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	34	32	3240
2020	Indigenous	30	36	35	105
2020	Métis	35	32	33	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	43	35	4000
2019	Indigenous	29	31	40	129
2019	Métis	30	25	44	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	38	38	4288
2018	Indigenous	29	25	46	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	38	38	4323

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	33	45	6	5	0	20
2022	First Nations	0	45	45	0	11	0	10
2022	Métis	17	17	53	13	0	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	46	24	4	7	5	1070
2020	Indigenous	17	35	38	3	3	3	31
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	41	27	4	5	3	854
2019	Indigenous	12	34	35	3	16	0	37
2019	Métis	12	35	31	4	19	0	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	32	29	4	15	5	1005
2018	Indigenous	5	32	41	2	15	5	39
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	31	32	5	9	6	1007

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	28	13	9	3	0	75	12	75
2022	First Nations	56	24	9	9	3	0	80	11	30
2022	Métis	41	31	15	8	4	0	72	13	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	38	8	3	2	0	87	5	3235
2020	Indigenous	40	39	13	6	2	0	79	8	105
2020	Métis	41	38	9	9	3	0	79	12	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	40	9	4	2	0	86	5	3988
2019	Indigenous	38	37	14	7	4	0	75	11	129
2019	Métis	39	38	15	4	5	0	77	8	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	42	11	5	3	0	81	8	4261
2018	Indigenous	28	48	13	5	6	1	76	11	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	42	10	5	2	0	83	7	4316

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	32	23	6	7	5	63	14	75
2022	First Nations	30	30	20	4	6	11	67	11	30
2022	Métis	26	33	26	5	10	0	59	15	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	44	16	8	3	2	72	12	3240
2020	Indigenous	22	44	21	10	1	1	67	11	105
2020	Métis	24	45	19	11	2	0	68	12	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	43	18	6	2	1	74	8	3990
2019	Indigenous	29	38	26	6	1	0	67	7	128
2019	Métis	28	37	28	4	2	0	66	6	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	45	18	8	3	1	71	11	4274
2018	Indigenous	27	39	18	10	6	0	66	15	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	44	17	10	4	1	68	14	4301

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	20	29	18	11	1	6	31	38	75
2022	First Nations	12	19	22	22	11	0	13	38	37	30
2022	Métis	18	19	34	18	9	0	0	28	38	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	23	37	20	9	1	3	29	32	3235
2020	Indigenous	7	30	35	19	8	1	0	27	38	105
2020	Métis	10	35	32	17	4	2	0	21	46	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	24	37	21	9	1	1	30	33	3993
2019	Indigenous	11	27	30	24	8	1	0	32	38	127
2019	Métis	13	25	34	20	7	1	0	28	38	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	26	37	18	8	1	1	26	36	4281
2018	Indigenous	9	27	33	21	8	0	2	30	37	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	29	36	18	7	1	1	25	39	4300

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	23	23	19	8	6	2	29	45	75
2022	First Nations	32	18	9	21	11	8	0	35	55	30
2022	Métis	7	29	34	20	5	3	2	26	38	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	24	33	18	7	2	5	28	37	3225
2020	Indigenous	18	28	31	13	9	1	0	22	47	105
2020	Métis	20	33	28	14	4	2	0	18	54	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	22	32	19	10	2	2	30	36	3982
2019	Indigenous	13	29	23	17	12	4	1	31	45	127
2019	Métis	13	33	25	18	9	1	0	27	47	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	26	32	16	8	2	2	25	42	4271
2018	Indigenous	20	28	25	12	11	1	3	24	50	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	27	32	15	7	2	2	23	44	4294

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	11	36	22	23	0	4	46	16	75
2022	First Nations	7	3	39	22	29	0	0	51	10	30
2022	Métis	2	19	35	23	19	0	2	43	21	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	12	32	31	16	1	4	50	17	3225
2020	Indigenous	7	10	34	36	13	0	0	49	17	105
2020	Métis	7	14	38	31	11	0	0	42	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	12	32	33	15	1	1	49	18	3973
2019	Indigenous	5	11	24	41	16	3	1	59	17	128
2019	Métis	3	9	28	44	14	1	0	58	13	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	14	33	30	15	1	1	46	20	4260
2018	Indigenous	6	15	24	34	18	1	1	54	21	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	15	35	29	12	1	2	42	22	4277

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	27	25	10	13	1	2	24	51	75
2022	First Nations	5	43	21	15	16	0	0	32	48	30
2022	Métis	34	19	25	7	9	2	2	18	56	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	22	28	19	13	1	4	33	38	3230
2020	Indigenous	21	23	25	14	15	2	1	30	45	105
2020	Métis	26	24	23	14	9	4	2	24	53	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	21	30	22	13	0	2	35	34	3986
2019	Indigenous	14	23	30	20	11	1	2	31	38	128
2019	Métis	12	24	29	27	5	1	1	33	38	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	23	28	18	11	1	1	30	41	4277
2018	Indigenous	22	31	16	16	14	0	1	30	53	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	26	28	15	8	1	1	24	47	4308

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	21	19	19	17	2	4	38	41	75
2022	First Nations	17	11	27	15	27	0	2	44	29	30
2022	Métis	17	28	12	23	11	4	4	37	49	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	21	26	19	13	3	6	34	37	3235
2020	Indigenous	9	24	26	21	16	2	2	39	34	104
2020	Métis	12	25	26	21	11	2	4	33	39	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	15	27	28	18	2	2	47	24	3978
2019	Indigenous	10	21	28	15	16	4	6	34	34	128
2019	Métis	9	22	33	18	11	5	4	31	33	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	19	27	24	14	3	2	40	32	4265
2018	Indigenous	12	24	20	23	17	1	2	42	38	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	20	27	23	13	2	2	38	34	4290

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	20	36	9	17	2	1	27	36	75
2022	First Nations	15	18	35	7	22	3	0	30	34	30
2022	Métis	14	22	39	9	13	2	0	23	37	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	22	32	18	9	2	4	30	36	3235
2020	Indigenous	10	24	39	21	8	0	0	28	33	104
2020	Métis	14	25	40	18	4	0	0	21	39	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	20	34	19	12	2	2	33	32	3977
2019	Indigenous	13	24	35	17	9	2	1	27	38	129
2019	Métis	12	24	37	22	4	1	0	26	36	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	23	34	17	10	3	1	28	37	4259
2018	Indigenous	14	26	35	12	9	0	4	22	41	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	25	33	16	8	2	2	26	39	4297

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	14	23	31	19	1	1	51	25	75
2022	First Nations	10	11	18	36	25	0	0	61	20	30
2022	Métis	12	17	24	27	17	3	0	45	30	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	12	37	28	14	1	3	44	18	3235
2020	Indigenous	10	21	46	14	10	0	0	24	30	104
2020	Métis	13	21	49	14	4	0	0	18	33	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	20	38	23	11	0	1	34	27	3991
2019	Indigenous	19	20	33	15	12	0	1	27	40	129
2019	Métis	22	21	34	13	8	0	1	22	44	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	23	35	20	10	1	1	31	34	4283

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	18	20	29	15	2	35	45	75
2022	First Nations	23	21	22	18	11	5	46	31	30
2022	Métis	8	19	19	34	20	0	27	54	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	32	21	20	10	3	48	31	3235
2020	Indigenous	15	26	25	24	7	1	42	32	104
2020	Métis	12	31	23	25	7	2	44	33	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	37	21	16	6	2	56	23	3967
2019	Indigenous	18	30	17	23	10	1	49	34	127
2019	Métis	16	30	18	25	11	1	46	36	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	31	21	23	11	2	44	35	4259

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	34	7	5	15	0	73	20	75
2022	First Nations	49	25	0	5	21	0	74	26	30
2022	Métis	33	34	15	5	13	0	67	18	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	30	7	7	5	1	81	12	3235
2020	Indigenous	44	21	15	14	6	1	66	20	105
2020	Métis	42	21	7	18	11	2	64	29	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	31	8	8	5	1	79	13	3988
2019	Indigenous	54	19	10	13	4	1	73	17	129
2019	Métis	50	22	12	11	3	1	73	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	30	8	9	6	1	76	16	4278
2018	Indigenous	40	29	8	11	11	0	70	22	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	33	10	11	8	1	72	19	4300

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	29	4	11	11	0	75	21	75
2022	First Nations	57	19	0	8	16	0	77	23	30
2022	Métis	38	31	8	15	8	0	69	23	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	31	5	6	3	0	87	9	3235
2020	Indigenous	49	33	13	4	1	0	82	5	105
2020	Métis	47	37	11	5	0	0	84	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	32	7	6	2	0	84	8	3973
2019	Indigenous	55	25	11	7	3	0	79	10	129
2019	Métis	54	27	14	5	0	0	81	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	33	8	8	3	0	81	11	4274
2018	Indigenous	41	33	10	11	6	1	74	16	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	37	8	8	4	0	80	11	4306

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	31	11	5	12	0	73	17	75
2022	First Nations	47	25	6	5	18	0	71	23	30
2022	Métis	39	33	16	6	6	0	71	12	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	35	11	4	2	1	83	7	3235
2020	Indigenous	39	39	17	4	1	0	78	5	104
2020	Métis	35	44	16	4	2	0	79	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	37	11	5	2	1	82	7	3961
2019	Indigenous	47	37	8	5	2	1	85	7	129
2019	Métis	45	41	10	3	1	0	87	3	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	39	11	5	3	1	80	8	4281
2018	Indigenous	37	36	17	7	3	0	73	10	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	42	14	6	3	1	77	9	4311

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	46	12	10	7	2	71	17	75
2022	First Nations	30	36	14	6	12	2	67	18	30
2022	Métis	16	54	10	15	3	2	71	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	41	13	7	4	3	75	11	3240
2020	Indigenous	37	33	18	9	3	1	70	12	105
2020	Métis	39	31	14	12	4	0	70	16	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	41	14	5	2	2	78	8	3971
2019	Indigenous	42	34	14	6	3	1	77	9	128
2019	Métis	39	34	16	6	4	0	74	10	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	42	13	7	3	1	77	10	4264
2018	Indigenous	40	37	12	9	2	0	77	11	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	41	12	6	3	1	79	9	4314

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	30	16	7	5	3	0	70	13	75
2022	First Nations	43	28	10	11	5	2	0	73	17	30
2022	Métis	32	33	22	3	6	5	0	69	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	38	11	5	2	6	1	81	7	3235
2020	Indigenous	45	25	20	6	2	2	0	71	8	105
2020	Métis	41	28	23	7	2	0	0	69	9	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	38	13	3	3	3	0	81	6	3979
2019	Indigenous	44	30	18	5	3	1	0	75	8	128
2019	Métis	43	29	21	4	1	1	0	73	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	38	12	4	2	3	0	81	6	4263
2018	Indigenous	42	34	12	7	4	1	0	77	11	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	38	13	4	3	2	0	80	7	4313

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	39	8	13	3	0	77	16	75
2022	First Nations	41	34	5	17	3	0	76	20	30
2022	Métis	32	44	9	12	3	0	76	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	39	8	5	3	0	85	8	3240
2020	Indigenous	49	28	13	5	3	1	78	8	105
2020	Métis	49	26	14	7	4	0	76	11	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	34	9	4	2	0	85	7	3985
2019	Indigenous	46	34	10	4	4	0	81	9	129
2019	Métis	48	33	11	4	5	0	81	9	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	37	10	5	4	0	81	9	4274
2018	Indigenous	40	33	11	12	4	0	73	16	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	38	11	6	3	0	79	9	4309

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	30	14	8	10	1	2	67	19	75
2022	First Nations	26	29	18	12	11	0	3	57	24	30
2022	Métis	45	28	10	4	11	2	0	74	15	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	27	11	6	5	7	5	75	12	3235

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	33	10	7	13	3	2	69	20	75
2022	First Nations	31	25	10	9	17	4	3	61	28	30
2022	Métis	35	38	10	4	11	2	0	75	15	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	28	12	6	4	7	5	75	12	3240

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	19	28	11	11	4	0	48	24	75
2022	First Nations	26	14	40	3	14	3	0	41	18	30
2022	Métis	28	18	22	17	10	4	0	48	29	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	27	21	5	2	13	1	67	8	3240
2020	Indigenous	39	20	23	9	4	4	2	62	14	105
2020	Métis	39	19	30	5	2	2	3	61	7	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	35	16	5	2	6	0	75	7	3987

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	42	12	7	7	2	0	73	14	75
2022	First Nations	30	35	15	14	6	0	0	65	20	30
2022	Métis	34	44	10	3	8	2	0	79	11	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	33	9	6	4	5	3	79	11	3235
2020	Indigenous	47	21	15	10	4	3	0	71	14	105
2020	Métis	48	21	14	10	4	3	0	71	15	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	32	11	5	3	3	1	80	9	3975

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	15	23	11	8	32	1	37	28	75
2022	First Nations	16	16	28	18	11	12	0	36	32	30
2022	Métis	6	12	17	6	8	47	2	37	29	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	23	3	3	40	5	47	12	3235

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	6	33	16	31	13	0	9	53	65

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	26	16	11	14	5	3	55	27	75
2022	First Nations	20	29	22	9	18	2	0	50	27	30
2022	Métis	27	23	13	14	13	8	2	55	31	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	31	16	8	6	6	6	65	16	3235
2020	Indigenous	24	23	29	9	6	3	7	52	16	105
2020	Métis	19	26	26	12	9	3	5	48	23	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	33	17	10	5	5	3	65	16	3991
2019	Indigenous	28	31	15	11	7	5	2	64	20	127
2019	Métis	29	31	16	10	8	5	1	63	20	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	31	16	11	7	4	3	63	20	4278
2018	Indigenous	24	25	21	13	9	5	2	53	24	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	35	18	13	9	3	2	58	23	4312

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	31	19	9	11	5	2	57	22	75
2022	First Nations	24	24	22	22	3	3	3	51	26	30
2022	Métis	20	37	21	0	18	2	2	60	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	40	13	10	5	3	1	71	15	3240
2020	Indigenous	31	39	15	9	4	0	2	72	13	105
2020	Métis	32	38	10	10	5	0	4	73	16	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	41	13	7	3	2	1	76	10	3982
2019	Indigenous	35	40	14	4	5	1	1	76	10	128
2019	Métis	39	38	15	0	5	1	1	80	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	42	13	8	4	1	1	74	13	4271
2018	Indigenous	34	38	9	15	3	2	0	74	18	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	41	13	8	4	1	1	75	12	4306

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	34	26	3	11	1	60	14	75
2022	First Nations	34	28	24	0	14	0	62	14	30
2022	Métis	19	40	23	5	10	2	60	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	39	18	6	3	2	71	10	3235
2020	Indigenous	30	37	25	7	1	0	66	8	104
2020	Métis	29	35	27	9	0	0	64	9	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	42	17	5	3	1	75	8	3979
2019	Indigenous	33	41	13	6	5	2	76	12	125
2019	Métis	33	40	17	5	4	1	74	9	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	40	18	6	4	1	71	10	4266
2018	Indigenous	29	39	21	6	4	1	69	10	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	40	18	7	4	1	71	11	4294

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	25	21	12	20	5	1	44	34	75
2022	First Nations	23	23	11	12	24	4	3	49	39	30
2022	Métis	13	26	26	14	16	4	0	41	32	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	29	15	13	11	9	2	56	27	3235
2020	Indigenous	15	29	16	21	13	5	2	48	36	103
2020	Métis	12	30	12	19	16	7	3	47	39	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	29	18	13	9	6	1	56	25	3985
2019	Indigenous	20	28	19	14	16	2	1	49	31	128
2019	Métis	21	24	23	13	16	2	1	47	29	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	29	18	14	13	6	2	50	29	4263
2018	Indigenous	14	22	16	21	20	5	2	39	44	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	28	19	16	14	5	2	47	32	4306

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	42	6	12	2	79	15	75
2022	First Nations	37	48	6	6	4	84	10	30
2022	Métis	38	34	8	19	2	71	21	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	44	4	7	2	87	9	3235
2020	Indigenous	36	41	1	17	5	77	22	105
2020	Métis	32	40	2	19	7	72	26	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	46	4	11	3	82	14	3998

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	31	10	13	3	1	74	16	75
2022	First Nations	41	35	15	4	5	0	76	9	30
2022	Métis	39	26	8	23	2	2	67	25	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	38	8	8	4	0	80	13	3230
2020	Indigenous	35	40	13	10	2	1	75	13	104
2020	Métis	32	37	11	17	2	2	70	19	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	39	9	10	3	0	79	12	3996
2019	Indigenous	49	30	7	9	4	0	80	13	129
2019	Métis	49	28	10	8	4	0	78	12	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	38	7	10	3	0	80	13	4276

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	33	7	14	1	0	79	15	75
2022	First Nations	52	34	3	9	2	0	86	11	30
2022	Métis	43	28	8	21	0	0	71	21	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	36	7	6	3	1	85	8	3240
2020	Indigenous	41	39	9	10	0	1	81	10	104
2020	Métis	37	39	9	14	0	2	77	14	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	38	8	5	2	0	84	8	3967
2019	Indigenous	50	32	7	6	5	0	82	11	127
2019	Métis	51	31	9	4	5	0	82	9	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	39	8	6	2	0	84	8	4252

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	18	2	3	1	0	0	94	4	75
2022	First Nations	76	21	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	30
2022	Métis	76	18	0	3	3	0	0	94	6	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	20	2	2	1	0	0	96	3	3240
2020	Indigenous	80	12	5	2	0	1	0	93	2	103
2020	Métis	81	12	3	2	0	2	0	95	2	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	18	3	2	1	0	1	95	3	3982

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	14	5	3	4	0	87	8	75
2022	First Nations	72	14	3	6	4	0	86	10	30
2022	Métis	78	13	5	2	2	0	91	4	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	81	11	2	1	2	3	95	3	3240
2019	Indigenous	82	8	4	2	3	1	91	5	127
2019	Métis	82	9	4	0	4	1	92	4	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	10	3	2	1	3	94	3	4267

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	21	21	11	0	14	4	61	13	75
2022	First Nations	26	14	27	9	0	20	4	53	12	30
2022	Métis	27	27	15	15	0	11	5	64	18	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	24	13	5	3	13	6	74	10	3235
2020	Indigenous	23	21	10	13	9	16	8	58	29	105
2020	Métis	24	21	5	12	9	21	9	63	29	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	22	11	6	4	14	6	74	12	3999
2019	Indigenous	29	14	13	5	6	30	2	64	17	129
2019	Métis	27	14	15	5	3	33	4	65	12	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	22	12	7	5	17	5	69	15	4280

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	75
2022	First Nations	20	80	30
2022	Métis	20	80	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	3235
2020	Indigenous	11	89	105
2020	Métis	12	88	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	3996
2019	Indigenous	13	87	129
2019	Métis	9	91	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	4275
2018	Indigenous	20	80	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	4322

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	335
2019	Indigenous	46	54	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	487
2018	Indigenous	48	52	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	556

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	31	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	335
2019	Indigenous	71	29	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	44	487
2018	Indigenous	70	30	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	41	556

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	335
2019	Indigenous	0	100	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	487

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	335

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	335

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	335
2018	Indigenous	17	83	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	556

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	335

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	335
2019	Indigenous	56	44	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	479
2018	Indigenous	42	58	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	555

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	335
2019	Indigenous	36	64	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	479
2018	Indigenous	49	51	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	555

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	48	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	335
2019	Indigenous	50	50	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	479
2018	Indigenous	45	55	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	555

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	335
2019	Indigenous	49	51	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	479
2018	Indigenous	52	48	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	555

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	39	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	335
2019	Indigenous	39	61	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	479
2018	Indigenous	35	65	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	555

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	335
2018	Indigenous	62	38	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	555

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	335
2020	Indigenous	45	55	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	368
2019	Indigenous	38	62	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	479
2018	Indigenous	28	72	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	555

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	335

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	335
2020	Indigenous	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	368

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	335

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	335
2019	Indigenous	49	51	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	479
2018	Indigenous	38	62	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	555

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	335
2019	Indigenous	34	66	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	479
2018	Indigenous	35	65	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	555

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	335

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	335
2019	Indigenous	50	50	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	476
2018	Indigenous	61	39	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	556

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	335
2019	Indigenous	29	71	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	476
2018	Indigenous	21	79	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	556

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	335

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	335
2020	Indigenous	46	54	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	368
2019	Indigenous	28	72	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	476

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	335

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	335

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	335

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	335

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	335
2020	Indigenous	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	368
2019	Indigenous	27	73	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	75	476
2018	Indigenous	21	79	28
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	556

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	310

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	310

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	310

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	310

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	310

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	310

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	310
2018	Indigenous	19	81	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	511

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	310
2018	Indigenous	30	70	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	511

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	310

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	310
2018	Indigenous	49	51	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	511

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	310
2018	Indigenous	0	100	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	511

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	310
2018	Indigenous	52	48	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	47	511

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	310

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	310

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	10	13	15	13	25	6	39	41	75
2022	First Nations	25	6	6	6	16	34	8	53	37	30
2022	Métis	11	15	19	23	10	16	6	33	43	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	18	15	6	6	32	9	55	20	3240
2020	Indigenous	24	17	19	10	9	15	7	53	23	105
2020	Métis	27	17	15	12	9	9	10	55	26	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	20	18	7	5	22	6	58	17	3985
2019	Indigenous	21	16	23	11	7	19	3	48	23	129
2019	Métis	19	20	28	9	6	14	4	47	18	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	21	20	9	7	20	7	51	22	4286
2018	Indigenous	14	14	19	10	13	23	6	40	33	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	22	10	8	19	5	49	23	4315

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	27	18	9	12	8	1	57	23	75
2022	First Nations	27	19	11	16	11	15	0	55	33	30
2022	Métis	24	30	25	2	14	2	2	56	17	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	36	14	6	4	9	1	74	11	3240
2020	Indigenous	35	27	15	12	4	6	1	66	17	105
2020	Métis	36	19	17	17	2	7	2	60	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	34	16	6	3	6	0	73	10	3988
2019	Indigenous	34	27	22	9	3	5	0	65	12	129
2019	Métis	37	27	21	8	3	3	0	66	12	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	33	17	7	5	5	1	70	12	4280
2018	Indigenous	24	33	18	13	5	6	0	61	19	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	36	18	8	5	5	1	67	14	4311

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	3235
2020	Indigenous	9	91	105
2020	First Nations	13	87	42
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	3993
2019	Indigenous	11	89	128
2019	Métis	9	91	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	4274
2018	Indigenous	11	89	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	4313

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	225
2019	Indigenous	40	60	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	299
2018	Indigenous	37	63	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	68	361

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	27	225

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	225
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	299

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	225

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	225
2019	Indigenous	34	66	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	299

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	225

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	225
2018	Indigenous	0	100	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	361

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	225
2019	Indigenous	53	47	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	293

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	225

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	225
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	360

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	225

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	225
2018	Indigenous	40	60	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	360

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	225
2019	Indigenous	40	60	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	293

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	225
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	360

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	225

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	225
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	360

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	225

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	225

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	225

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	225

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	225

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	225
2019	Indigenous	46	54	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	292
2018	Indigenous	37	63	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	361

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	225
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	292

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	225
2019	Indigenous	0	100	15
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	292

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	225

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	225

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	225

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	225

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	225
2018	Indigenous	0	100	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	361

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	225
2018	Indigenous	38	62	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	361

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	205

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	205

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	342

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	342

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	342

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	342

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	342

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	342

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	205

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	205

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	205

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	205

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	205
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	342

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	36	205
2018	Indigenous	40	60	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	342

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	205

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	205

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	13	17	7	6	29	6	53	20	75
2022	First Nations	31	5	12	6	8	33	5	58	22	30
2022	Métis	17	21	21	8	6	20	8	52	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	19	17	4	3	34	7	59	13	3235
2020	Indigenous	29	18	24	6	2	18	3	60	10	105
2020	Métis	32	17	28	7	0	12	3	59	8	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	20	19	4	3	28	6	62	10	3987
2019	Indigenous	26	13	23	5	6	21	6	53	15	129
2019	Métis	25	15	25	4	7	17	7	53	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	19	23	4	4	25	7	56	11	4273
2018	Indigenous	17	14	22	8	5	28	5	47	20	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	22	24	5	3	24	5	55	12	4317

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	23	19	10	7	12	0	58	20	75
2022	First Nations	31	16	10	9	11	24	0	61	26	30
2022	Métis	27	25	29	12	6	2	0	52	18	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	36	16	5	3	10	1	74	9	3240
2020	Indigenous	38	25	23	6	3	5	1	66	9	105
2020	Métis	41	21	23	9	2	3	2	65	11	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	33	17	4	3	8	1	74	7	3986
2019	Indigenous	40	22	25	4	4	5	0	65	9	129
2019	Métis	41	21	25	3	5	5	0	65	8	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	33	18	4	3	7	1	73	8	4280
2018	Indigenous	27	26	24	8	3	11	0	60	13	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	36	20	5	3	7	1	70	8	4315

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	75
2022	First Nations	22	78	30
2022	Métis	20	80	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	3235
2020	Indigenous	21	79	105
2020	Métis	24	76	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	3971
2019	Indigenous	26	74	128
2019	Métis	24	76	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	4282

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	370
2020	Indigenous	59	41	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	519

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	19	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	26	370
2020	Indigenous	82	18	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	22	518
2019	Indigenous	86	14	35
2019	Métis	90	10	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	82	18	697

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	47	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	35	7	7	2	1	0	83	10	275
2020	Indigenous	38	11	22	23	0	6	0	52	24	18
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	34	10	3	3	0	0	84	7	407
2019	Indigenous	54	23	13	7	0	0	3	79	7	30
2019	Métis	50	22	22	6	0	0	0	72	6	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	31	7	7	4	1	0	81	11	564

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	29	8	9	6	2	2	77	15	75
2022	First Nations	37	37	5	17	4	0	0	74	21	30
2022	Métis	46	24	12	3	8	3	4	76	12	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	33	9	6	2	4	3	81	9	3235
2020	Indigenous	46	31	11	6	5	1	1	78	11	105
2020	Métis	50	36	5	5	4	0	0	86	9	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	32	10	5	3	2	3	82	8	3989

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	29	7	5	11	45
2022	First Nations	51	28	7	0	14	20
2022	Métis	30	37	10	12	12	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	22	18	9	14	1980

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	60
2022	First Nations	54	46	25
2022	Métis	58	42	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	37	2800

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	60
2022	First Nations	19	81	25
2022	Métis	27	73	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	2795

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	60
2022	First Nations	50	50	25
2022	Métis	51	49	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	2795

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	60
2022	First Nations	21	79	25
2022	Métis	24	76	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2795

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	60
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	32	68	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	2795

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	60
2022	First Nations	34	66	25
2022	Métis	33	67	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	2795

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	60
2022	First Nations	19	81	25
2022	Métis	14	86	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	2795

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	60
2022	First Nations	16	84	25
2022	Métis	41	59	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	2795

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	60
2022	First Nations	7	93	25
2022	Métis	30	70	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	2795

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	60
2022	First Nations	22	78	25
2022	Métis	31	69	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	2795

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	60
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	35	65	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	2795

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	60
2022	First Nations	5	95	25
2022	Métis	9	91	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2795

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	60
2022	First Nations	21	79	25
2022	Métis	21	79	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	2795

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	18	6	6	0	0	8	87	6	60
2022	First Nations	66	15	9	5	0	0	5	85	5	25
2022	Métis	57	19	5	7	0	0	11	86	8	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	15	5	2	3	1	12	88	6	2800

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	12	16	9	50	0	10	66	16	60
2022	First Nations	7	9	18	15	47	0	5	65	16	25
2022	Métis	0	13	10	7	55	0	14	72	16	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	12	14	14	37	5	12	61	21	2800

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	20	12	20	36	5	0	59	29	60
2022	First Nations	5	16	11	28	40	0	0	68	21	25
2022	Métis	11	14	15	16	35	10	0	56	27	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	18	17	15	32	5	6	53	28	2800

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	23	6	3	13	0	1	78	16	75
2022	First Nations	53	21	2	0	21	0	2	76	22	30
2022	Métis	56	23	7	6	8	0	0	80	13	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	30	7	5	4	1	0	83	10	3240
2020	Indigenous	50	25	13	3	7	2	0	77	10	105
2020	Métis	55	26	9	2	7	2	0	82	9	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	30	8	6	4	1	0	81	11	3979

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	8	24	4	40	3	15	53	18	75
2022	First Nations	8	9	23	2	36	0	21	49	22	30
2022	Métis	7	8	24	6	40	7	9	55	17	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	6	12	8	39	6	24	68	15	3225

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	40	19	9	9	1	63	18	75
2022	First Nations	30	33	20	5	9	3	65	14	30
2022	Métis	17	43	18	12	10	0	60	22	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	45	13	7	3	2	77	10	3235
2020	Indigenous	41	35	13	8	1	1	77	9	104
2020	Métis	44	35	10	9	2	0	79	11	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	42	9	4	1	1	86	5	3989
2019	Indigenous	37	34	23	2	2	2	73	4	128
2019	Métis	37	31	27	1	0	4	71	1	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	41	15	7	3	2	75	9	4259
2018	Indigenous	23	43	21	8	2	3	68	10	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	43	15	7	4	1	74	11	4307

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	17	34	33	11	75
2022	First Nations	5	7	27	47	14	30
2022	Métis	4	24	40	22	10	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	28	38	18	6	3240

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	25	15	6	8	0	0	71	14	75
2022	First Nations	47	24	14	0	14	0	0	71	14	30
2022	Métis	40	31	15	11	3	0	0	71	14	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	29	10	4	2	3	1	82	7	3240
2020	Indigenous	51	26	10	4	4	5	0	81	8	103
2020	Métis	58	23	5	2	7	5	0	85	9	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	29	13	4	3	3	1	79	8	3985

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	23	8	7	16	0	69	23	75
2022	First Nations	42	19	5	11	24	0	61	34	30
2022	Métis	50	29	8	3	10	0	78	13	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	27	10	10	7	2	72	18	3240
2020	Indigenous	40	27	7	15	9	2	68	25	105
2020	Métis	44	30	4	9	12	2	75	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	29	12	10	8	1	70	18	3988

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	33	18	5	21	0	0	56	26	75
2022	First Nations	31	27	14	13	15	0	0	58	27	30
2022	Métis	16	37	18	0	29	0	0	53	29	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	41	14	10	6	1	0	69	16	3235
2020	Indigenous	37	27	18	9	6	1	1	66	15	105
2020	Métis	36	29	16	11	7	0	2	66	18	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	34	17	9	5	1	0	69	14	3996
2019	Indigenous	33	27	19	13	6	1	0	61	20	129
2019	Métis	35	27	19	11	6	2	0	63	17	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	37	19	13	7	1	0	61	21	4275
2018	Indigenous	19	28	23	22	5	2	1	49	28	131
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	36	19	14	8	1	0	58	23	4313

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	49	8	24	8	0	0	60	32	25
2022	Métis	11	51	13	17	8	0	0	63	24	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	50	13	12	3	1	0	71	16	800
2020	Indigenous	25	59	4	0	12	0	0	84	12	17
2020	Métis	29	53	0	0	19	0	0	81	19	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	49	14	10	2	1	0	74	12	901
2019	Indigenous	49	22	6	11	12	0	0	71	23	17
2019	Métis	33	33	0	16	18	0	0	66	34	12
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	44	15	16	5	2	2	63	21	984

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	25	21	11	13	1	1	54	25	75
2022	First Nations	30	32	16	13	7	3	0	64	20	30
2022	Métis	21	21	25	12	19	0	2	43	31	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	29	20	11	12	0	2	56	24	3225
2020	Indigenous	23	29	19	13	15	1	0	52	29	105
2020	Métis	19	26	24	17	14	0	0	44	31	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	29	24	11	9	0	0	56	20	3983
2019	Indigenous	21	26	22	10	21	0	0	47	31	129
2019	Métis	17	23	25	11	23	0	0	40	35	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	29	23	14	15	0	1	48	29	4284
2018	Indigenous	20	22	21	12	24	0	1	43	36	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	27	25	16	19	0	1	41	34	4319

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	29	26	9	17	0	0	48	26	75
2022	First Nations	21	34	28	0	17	0	0	55	17	30
2022	Métis	16	22	27	18	18	0	0	38	35	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	28	27	15	11	0	1	47	26	3230
2020	Indigenous	25	26	19	19	10	1	0	52	30	104
2020	Métis	26	28	16	18	12	0	0	54	31	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	29	26	15	10	0	0	49	25	3992
2019	Indigenous	30	34	21	10	5	0	0	64	15	129
2019	Métis	30	35	21	8	6	0	0	65	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	30	26	14	9	0	0	51	23	4279
2018	Indigenous	21	26	27	15	12	0	0	46	27	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	28	28	16	11	0	0	44	27	4311

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	32	18	2	12	1	0	67	14	75
2022	First Nations	39	31	16	6	8	0	0	69	14	30
2022	Métis	26	35	23	0	14	2	0	62	14	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	33	20	9	6	1	2	64	15	3220
2020	Indigenous	36	31	16	10	6	1	0	68	16	105
2020	Métis	40	24	21	11	5	0	0	63	16	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	20	8	5	0	1	66	14	3974
2019	Indigenous	39	37	15	4	4	0	1	76	9	129
2019	Métis	34	43	12	3	6	0	1	78	9	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	20	10	5	0	1	64	15	4260
2018	Indigenous	33	31	18	12	6	0	0	64	18	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	32	24	12	6	0	1	57	19	4294

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	25	13	9	31	0	1	46	40	75
2022	First Nations	33	17	20	8	23	0	0	49	31	30
2022	Métis	7	35	7	9	41	0	2	42	51	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	23	23	17	17	1	1	42	34	3225
2020	Indigenous	23	25	22	9	20	1	0	49	29	105
2020	Métis	22	25	23	7	23	0	0	48	29	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	26	23	14	12	0	1	51	26	3975
2019	Indigenous	30	24	25	8	12	0	0	54	21	129
2019	Métis	27	27	25	10	11	0	0	54	21	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	25	23	16	16	0	1	45	32	4256
2018	Indigenous	21	21	21	19	17	0	1	42	36	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	23	24	18	18	0	1	39	36	4295

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	24	8	5	7	0	3	80	12	75
2022	First Nations	61	26	6	5	2	0	0	86	8	30
2022	Métis	46	24	8	4	12	0	6	75	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	24	14	6	5	0	5	74	11	3230
2020	Indigenous	48	24	15	6	6	1	0	73	12	104
2020	Métis	49	25	13	5	7	0	0	74	12	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	26	13	6	5	0	3	75	11	3955
2019	Indigenous	57	22	10	1	4	0	6	84	6	129
2019	Métis	53	23	12	1	5	0	6	81	6	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	26	12	6	4	0	4	77	10	4265
2018	Indigenous	51	20	12	2	9	0	6	76	12	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	26	14	6	5	0	5	73	12	4295

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	34	18	7	13	0	0	62	20	75
2022	First Nations	31	34	13	9	14	0	0	65	23	30
2022	Métis	23	32	26	6	13	0	0	55	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	30	22	10	10	0	1	59	19	3235
2020	Indigenous	27	32	22	10	8	1	0	59	18	105
2020	Métis	26	35	18	10	10	0	0	61	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	29	23	11	9	0	0	56	20	3986
2019	Indigenous	34	26	20	10	9	0	0	61	19	128
2019	Métis	34	28	19	11	9	0	0	62	20	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	31	21	10	8	0	1	60	19	4281
2018	Indigenous	30	25	20	10	14	0	0	55	24	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	29	23	12	11	0	1	54	22	4304

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	23	17	17	7	0	0	59	25	75
2022	First Nations	42	21	12	13	12	0	0	64	25	30
2022	Métis	28	24	24	22	2	0	0	53	24	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	33	20	8	5	1	2	66	14	3225
2020	Indigenous	32	29	26	10	1	1	0	62	11	105
2020	Métis	24	36	26	14	0	0	0	60	14	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	20	7	4	1	1	69	11	3984
2019	Indigenous	33	36	18	8	4	0	0	70	12	129
2019	Métis	32	39	20	7	2	0	0	70	10	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	36	22	9	4	1	1	64	14	4271
2018	Indigenous	24	29	28	14	6	0	0	53	19	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	36	25	11	5	1	1	59	16	4306

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	21	21	11	16	0	4	49	28	75
2022	First Nations	37	12	22	10	11	0	8	53	23	30
2022	Métis	17	28	19	14	20	0	2	46	35	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	33	22	10	7	1	1	59	18	3230
2020	Indigenous	24	28	26	13	9	1	0	52	22	105
2020	Métis	17	31	31	14	7	0	0	48	21	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	34	23	10	6	1	1	61	16	3984
2019	Indigenous	28	35	19	7	10	0	1	64	17	129
2019	Métis	27	34	21	7	10	0	1	62	17	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	32	24	13	7	1	0	56	20	4274
2018	Indigenous	20	32	25	17	6	0	1	52	22	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	32	27	15	8	0	1	51	22	4304

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	23	17	17	13	0	1	52	31	75
2022	First Nations	34	21	13	20	11	0	0	56	31	30
2022	Métis	25	19	21	16	17	0	2	45	34	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	31	20	9	6	1	1	64	16	3230
2020	Indigenous	27	25	23	18	6	1	0	53	24	105
2020	Métis	17	32	26	19	5	0	0	50	25	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	20	10	5	0	1	66	14	3983
2019	Indigenous	34	30	12	18	7	0	0	63	25	129
2019	Métis	32	30	13	19	7	0	0	61	25	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	32	20	12	7	0	0	60	19	4269
2018	Indigenous	21	28	27	12	11	0	1	50	23	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	33	24	14	7	0	1	55	21	4300

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	22	19	12	7	0	1	62	18	75
2022	First Nations	41	28	10	16	5	0	0	68	22	30
2022	Métis	31	21	30	10	6	0	2	53	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	27	15	7	7	1	1	70	15	3225
2020	Indigenous	38	23	16	12	11	1	0	61	23	105
2020	Métis	31	27	16	12	14	0	0	58	26	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	28	15	7	6	1	1	72	13	3957
2019	Indigenous	43	31	11	9	6	0	0	74	15	129
2019	Métis	40	35	14	7	4	0	0	75	11	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	30	15	9	7	1	1	68	16	4267

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	19	14	6	4	1	0	76	10	75
2022	First Nations	70	8	8	8	6	0	0	78	15	30
2022	Métis	49	26	18	3	2	2	0	77	5	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	27	12	5	4	0	1	79	9	3230
2020	Indigenous	24	31	20	15	9	1	0	56	24	105
2020	Métis	26	32	17	16	9	0	0	58	24	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	32	21	9	5	0	1	64	14	3986

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	32	16	5	15	0	0	63	20	75
2022	First Nations	45	31	12	6	6	0	0	76	12	30
2022	Métis	20	34	18	6	22	0	0	54	28	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	32	20	10	7	0	1	61	18	3225
2020	Indigenous	23	25	27	15	8	1	1	49	23	104
2020	Métis	25	30	31	9	5	0	0	55	14	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	32	22	12	8	0	0	57	21	3985
2019	Indigenous	40	22	19	10	9	0	0	62	19	128
2019	First Nations	36	27	15	13	9	0	0	63	22	42
2019	Métis	42	21	22	9	6	0	0	62	16	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	30	21	12	9	1	0	58	21	4254
2018	Indigenous	25	27	23	17	6	0	1	53	24	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	30	24	14	9	0	0	53	23	4284

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	17	6	6	7	0	0	81	13	75
2022	First Nations	69	16	3	3	10	0	0	85	13	30
2022	Métis	60	18	7	10	5	0	0	78	16	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	5	5	0	2	78	10	3230
2020	Indigenous	44	37	12	6	1	1	0	81	7	104
2020	Métis	41	40	9	10	0	0	0	81	10	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	29	15	5	3	0	1	76	8	3971
2019	Indigenous	60	25	7	6	1	0	0	85	7	128
2019	Métis	61	30	5	5	0	0	0	91	5	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	27	13	5	3	0	1	78	9	4258
2018	Indigenous	46	27	12	10	4	0	1	74	14	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	27	14	7	4	0	1	76	10	4288

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	22	16	4	4	0	0	76	8	75
2022	First Nations	54	19	21	6	0	0	0	73	6	30
2022	Métis	48	28	13	3	8	0	0	77	11	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	33	13	5	3	0	1	79	8	3230
2020	Indigenous	28	38	23	6	5	1	0	66	11	105
2020	Métis	24	38	28	5	5	0	0	62	10	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	37	21	8	4	0	0	67	13	3965

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	13	7	5	2	0	4	86	7	75
2022	First Nations	71	16	2	9	0	0	2	89	9	30
2022	Métis	64	13	12	2	3	0	6	82	6	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	15	5	2	2	0	8	91	4	3230
2020	Indigenous	61	18	12	5	0	2	3	83	5	105
2020	Métis	57	22	11	5	0	0	5	83	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	20	6	2	1	1	4	90	4	3964
2019	Indigenous	71	16	4	4	1	0	4	90	5	127
2019	Métis	70	17	5	2	1	0	4	91	4	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	15	6	2	2	1	5	90	4	4266
2018	Indigenous	62	18	10	4	4	0	2	82	8	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	18	8	3	2	1	3	87	5	4292

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	5	16	4	4	0	0	76	8	75
2022	First Nations	72	3	18	5	3	0	0	74	8	30
2022	Métis	68	7	15	3	6	0	0	76	9	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	12	5	3	4	1	4	88	7	3225
2020	Indigenous	72	12	9	4	2	1	1	85	6	105
2020	Métis	72	14	5	4	4	0	2	87	7	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	12	5	2	3	1	2	90	5	3971
2019	Indigenous	71	7	13	4	5	0	1	79	9	128
2019	Métis	72	9	7	5	5	0	1	82	11	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	14	6	4	4	1	2	85	8	4275
2018	Indigenous	60	19	9	5	5	1	1	81	10	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	66	15	7	4	4	1	2	84	9	4293

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	19	5	4	9	0	0	82	13	75
2022	First Nations	69	12	5	8	6	0	0	82	14	30
2022	Métis	55	25	6	2	12	0	0	80	14	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	23	8	3	3	0	2	86	6	3230
2020	Indigenous	66	17	12	3	0	1	1	85	3	104
2020	Métis	66	20	7	5	0	0	2	87	5	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	22	9	3	2	0	1	86	5	3966
2019	Indigenous	48	33	7	8	4	0	0	81	12	127
2019	Métis	48	36	7	7	1	0	0	84	9	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	28	11	5	3	0	1	81	8	4260
2018	Indigenous	48	25	15	8	4	0	0	73	12	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	30	13	6	4	0	1	78	9	4305

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	19	7	7	8	0	0	79	14	75
2022	First Nations	60	12	5	11	12	0	0	72	23	30
2022	Métis	54	28	7	4	6	0	0	83	10	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	19	8	4	4	0	2	83	9	3220
2020	Indigenous	66	10	13	7	4	1	0	76	11	105
2020	Métis	67	10	9	9	5	0	0	77	14	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	18	8	4	4	0	1	84	8	3973
2019	Indigenous	67	15	4	10	5	0	0	82	15	128
2019	Métis	65	19	2	8	6	0	0	84	14	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	21	10	5	5	0	1	80	10	4255
2018	Indigenous	44	24	14	10	8	0	0	68	18	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	24	12	7	6	0	1	75	13	4299

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	7	6	4	3	1	21	83	9	75
2022	First Nations	65	5	5	0	0	2	23	93	0	30
2022	Métis	51	8	5	8	6	0	22	75	18	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	12	3	2	1	0	24	92	4	3225
2020	Indigenous	62	12	4	1	0	1	20	93	1	105
2020	Métis	57	15	0	2	0	0	26	98	2	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	11	5	1	1	0	23	91	3	3979
2019	Indigenous	64	16	1	2	1	1	16	96	3	127
2019	Métis	60	22	0	2	1	1	13	96	4	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	12	5	2	1	1	24	89	4	4252
2018	Indigenous	51	12	3	3	1	0	30	90	5	133
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	13	6	3	1	0	30	86	6	4278

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	17	6	2	7	0	5	84	9	75
2022	First Nations	75	16	2	0	0	0	6	97	0	30
2022	Métis	49	21	7	4	14	0	5	74	19	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	20	7	2	2	1	5	88	4	3220
2020	Indigenous	71	14	11	1	2	1	0	86	3	105
2020	Métis	77	11	7	2	3	0	0	88	5	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	21	7	2	1	0	3	89	3	3998
2019	Indigenous	67	15	7	5	1	1	4	86	6	129
2019	Métis	66	15	6	7	1	0	4	85	9	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	21	8	2	1	0	4	88	4	4256
2018	Indigenous	61	20	9	1	3	0	5	86	4	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	23	9	3	1	0	5	85	5	4289

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	17	5	2	5	0	3	87	8	75
2022	First Nations	56	24	9	6	6	0	0	80	11	30
2022	Métis	72	15	3	0	6	0	5	91	6	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	16	6	3	4	1	3	86	8	3235
2020	Indigenous	63	15	11	5	4	1	1	79	9	105
2020	Métis	60	19	9	7	3	0	2	81	11	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	18	7	4	4	0	1	85	8	3986
2019	Indigenous	62	20	7	2	9	0	1	82	11	129
2019	Métis	63	18	9	2	8	0	0	81	10	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	17	8	4	6	0	2	82	11	4278
2018	Indigenous	55	17	11	8	6	0	4	74	15	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	19	8	5	7	0	3	79	13	4307

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	34	11	1	4	3	0	83	5	75
2022	First Nations	54	22	14	0	6	4	0	79	6	30
2022	Métis	43	40	9	3	2	3	0	86	5	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	29	14	4	3	0	2	79	7	3230
2020	Indigenous	39	25	26	7	2	1	0	65	9	105
2020	Métis	38	30	26	7	0	0	0	67	7	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	33	15	5	3	0	1	77	8	3992
2019	Indigenous	50	31	16	2	2	0	1	81	3	129
2019	Métis	48	35	13	1	1	0	1	85	3	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	30	13	4	2	0	1	81	6	4269
2018	Indigenous	47	26	15	5	6	0	1	73	12	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	32	15	4	2	0	2	79	7	4299

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	34	32	11	19	0	39	29	75
2022	First Nations	10	27	30	10	23	0	37	33	30
2022	Métis	2	35	32	12	18	0	37	31	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	33	40	12	5	0	43	17	3240
2020	Indigenous	10	32	35	16	5	2	43	21	105
2020	Métis	3	38	36	16	7	0	41	23	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	35	35	12	4	0	48	17	3996
2019	Indigenous	17	40	30	11	2	0	56	14	129
2019	Métis	15	46	28	9	1	0	61	10	79
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	34	35	11	4	0	50	15	4287
2018	Indigenous	12	24	47	12	5	0	36	17	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	32	37	14	5	0	43	19	4324

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	26	31	15	9	0	24	46	75
2022	First Nations	17	33	24	9	16	0	26	51	30
2022	Métis	25	25	32	16	2	0	18	49	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	18	41	22	10	0	33	26	3230
2020	Indigenous	8	29	34	22	5	2	28	38	105
2020	Métis	9	27	38	24	2	0	26	36	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	19	41	22	9	0	31	28	3985
2019	Indigenous	12	18	39	18	13	0	32	29	127
2019	Métis	10	15	46	16	13	0	29	25	77
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	18	40	24	9	0	33	27	4255
2018	Indigenous	17	17	42	19	6	0	24	34	132
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	19	40	23	9	0	32	28	4286

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	54	13	0	75
2022	First Nations	25	58	17	0	30
2022	Métis	37	51	12	0	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	58	16	1	3240
2020	Indigenous	40	41	18	0	105
2020	Métis	48	36	16	0	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	45	20	1	4006

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	25
2022	Métis	26	74	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	815
2020	Indigenous	30	70	43
2020	Métis	32	68	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	1327

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	22	14	12	7	4	9	62	22	75
2022	First Nations	26	32	16	9	3	3	12	68	14	30
2022	Métis	34	15	15	14	10	5	7	56	27	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	18	11	4	5	3	15	75	11	3240
2020	Indigenous	39	19	12	11	12	3	4	62	25	105
2020	Métis	39	21	10	9	14	2	5	65	24	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	21	13	7	6	2	9	70	15	3995
2019	Indigenous	39	10	21	11	11	0	8	53	24	126
2019	Métis	37	12	19	9	14	0	10	54	25	78
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	20	15	8	9	1	7	65	19	4238
2018	Indigenous	29	16	12	15	12	1	14	54	32	134
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	19	15	9	10	1	8	62	21	4306

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	11	13	22	54	0	0	11	76	25
2022	Métis	0	5	16	15	63	0	0	5	78	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	22	15	18	28	1	5	35	49	815
2020	Indigenous	7	16	14	24	35	2	2	24	61	43
2020	Métis	7	22	7	22	37	4	2	31	62	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	18	18	22	28	1	5	28	53	1325

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	13	3	27	46	0	11	14	82	25
2022	Métis	0	16	0	21	62	0	0	16	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	18	14	24	32	2	4	25	60	815
2020	Indigenous	2	7	24	18	44	0	5	10	65	43
2020	Métis	4	11	18	17	44	0	7	16	65	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	15	17	21	38	1	2	21	61	1325

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canadian Food Inspection Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources