2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canada Border Services Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	32	15	12	18	0	55	30	255
2022	First Nations	29	28	18	12	13	0	57	25	95
2022	Métis	19	35	15	11	19	0	55	31	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	37	13	9	10	0	67	20	6495
2020	Indigenous	37	28	11	13	11	0	65	23	287
2020	Métis	29	31	13	14	12	0	60	27	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	37	13	10	7	0	70	17	7511
2019	Indigenous	30	32	14	11	12	0	63	23	281
2019	Métis	25	31	19	15	9	1	56	24	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	39	13	10	8	0	69	18	6910
2018	Indigenous	22	37	12	14	14	0	59	29	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	42	13	11	9	0	66	20	5846

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	24	14	18	24	0	0	44	42	255
2022	First Nations	21	32	14	15	18	0	0	53	33	95
2022	Métis	17	22	16	17	27	0	0	39	45	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	31	14	13	16	0	0	57	29	6490
2020	Indigenous	25	33	9	11	22	0	0	58	33	288
2020	Métis	22	30	8	15	25	1	0	52	40	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	33	14	13	13	0	0	60	26	7486
2019	Indigenous	22	25	15	14	23	0	0	47	38	282
2019	Métis	18	26	15	16	24	0	1	43	41	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	32	16	15	14	0	0	55	29	6870
2018	Indigenous	16	25	19	18	22	0	0	41	40	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	33	16	17	17	0	0	50	35	5844

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	27	17	10	8	0	0	65	18	255
2022	First Nations	42	25	14	11	8	0	0	67	20	95
2022	Métis	36	29	17	11	6	0	0	66	17	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	34	12	5	5	0	0	78	10	6490
2020	Indigenous	51	28	8	7	5	0	0	80	12	285
2020	Métis	49	31	6	8	6	1	0	81	14	160
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	33	10	4	3	0	0	82	8	7451
2019	Indigenous	50	29	10	6	6	0	0	79	12	277
2019	Métis	42	36	10	8	3	0	1	79	11	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	34	11	5	3	0	0	81	8	6841
2018	Indigenous	44	32	12	5	6	0	0	76	11	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	37	10	5	3	0	0	81	9	5820

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	33	19	9	10	61	20	255
2022	First Nations	38	30	11	13	9	67	21	95
2022	Métis	24	37	22	8	10	60	18	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	38	13	7	6	73	14	6495
2020	Indigenous	42	32	11	9	5	74	15	287
2020	Métis	36	36	11	12	5	72	17	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	37	12	7	4	78	11	7507
2019	Indigenous	38	36	11	9	7	73	16	281
2019	Métis	31	40	15	9	5	71	14	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	39	12	8	5	75	12	6904
2018	Indigenous	33	36	14	11	7	68	18	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	41	14	8	5	73	13	5851

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	20	18	14	24	0	44	38	255
2022	First Nations	35	20	15	8	22	0	55	30	95
2022	Métis	17	18	25	14	25	1	36	39	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	29	16	14	16	0	53	30	6500
2020	Indigenous	27	24	16	12	21	0	51	33	287
2020	Métis	22	23	17	13	24	0	45	38	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	30	18	13	11	0	58	24	7484
2019	Indigenous	23	24	17	16	20	0	47	36	280
2019	Métis	14	28	20	21	18	0	42	38	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	28	19	14	14	1	52	29	6887
2018	Indigenous	16	23	18	19	24	0	38	44	247
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	27	22	17	17	0	43	35	5849

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	24	13	16	26	0	45	42	255
2022	First Nations	31	26	5	14	24	0	57	38	95
2022	Métis	16	23	19	15	27	1	39	42	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	30	15	16	16	0	53	32	6495
2020	Indigenous	26	24	16	15	18	0	51	33	285
2020	Métis	22	24	17	16	21	1	46	37	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	33	16	14	11	0	59	24	7439
2019	Indigenous	22	22	20	18	17	0	44	36	280
2019	Métis	14	25	25	20	16	0	39	36	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	30	18	16	14	0	52	30	6869
2018	Indigenous	15	23	18	21	23	0	38	44	248
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	29	20	19	17	0	44	36	5831

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	20	15	19	24	4	0	39	45	255
2022	First Nations	23	18	17	19	22	1	0	41	41	95
2022	Métis	14	23	15	18	25	5	0	39	45	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	23	16	15	18	4	0	49	34	6495
2020	Indigenous	25	21	20	14	17	3	1	48	32	287
2020	Métis	20	24	21	13	17	4	1	46	32	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	25	18	14	12	3	0	55	26	7498
2019	Indigenous	24	19	15	16	24	2	0	44	40	282
2019	Métis	22	20	15	18	21	3	0	44	40	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	24	18	16	15	3	0	49	32	6900
2018	Indigenous	16	17	23	17	25	1	0	34	43	248
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	23	20	18	18	3	0	43	37	5859

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	27	15	8	11	2	4	64	20	255
2022	First Nations	37	31	15	8	7	0	2	70	15	95
2022	Métis	29	24	19	9	12	2	4	57	23	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	28	15	5	6	1	6	71	13	6490
2020	Indigenous	39	22	14	8	10	1	5	66	20	287
2020	Métis	36	23	13	6	14	2	6	64	22	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	26	16	6	5	1	4	72	12	7499
2019	Indigenous	31	25	22	7	11	1	3	59	18	281
2019	Métis	29	27	22	8	10	1	4	59	19	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	28	18	7	6	1	4	67	14	6908

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	24	14	9	17	0	0	60	26	255
2022	First Nations	45	25	15	5	10	0	1	70	15	95
2022	Métis	29	25	13	12	20	0	1	55	32	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	30	12	9	9	0	1	70	18	6470
2020	Indigenous	41	22	14	11	12	1	0	64	23	287
2020	Métis	36	21	18	11	12	1	1	58	24	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	30	11	8	7	1	1	73	15	7499
2019	Indigenous	32	29	13	10	15	1	0	62	26	282
2019	Métis	29	27	14	13	15	1	0	57	29	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	31	13	11	8	0	1	67	19	6860
2018	Indigenous	26	31	14	18	11	0	0	57	29	248
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	33	13	12	10	0	0	65	22	5796

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	29	12	10	13	0	0	65	23	255
2022	First Nations	36	41	9	5	9	0	0	76	15	95
2022	Métis	38	22	15	11	14	0	0	60	25	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	27	12	8	9	0	0	72	16	6495
2020	Indigenous	48	21	11	7	11	0	2	71	18	288
2020	Métis	44	19	14	10	10	1	3	65	21	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	26	10	7	7	0	1	75	14	7512
2019	Indigenous	40	23	9	13	14	1	0	63	28	281
2019	Métis	33	26	10	17	14	1	0	59	31	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	29	13	9	8	0	0	69	18	6902
2018	Indigenous	36	22	16	12	14	0	0	57	26	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	29	14	11	11	0	0	64	22	5818

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	19	12	15	27	5	0	43	44	255
2022	First Nations	29	18	12	14	20	6	1	51	37	95
2022	Métis	17	19	14	16	29	5	0	39	47	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	24	15	12	18	7	0	51	33	6500
2020	Indigenous	27	21	15	12	21	4	0	50	35	288
2020	Métis	25	19	14	11	26	6	0	46	39	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	26	16	11	13	7	0	58	25	7513
2019	Indigenous	23	25	14	13	22	4	0	49	36	281
2019	Métis	14	28	17	14	23	4	0	44	38	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	28	17	13	15	5	0	52	29	6899
2018	Indigenous	16	22	16	15	26	5	0	40	43	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	26	19	16	19	5	0	44	36	5880

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	18	15	12	39	0	0	33	51	255
2022	First Nations	21	18	16	12	31	0	1	40	43	95
2022	Métis	9	19	16	13	41	1	0	29	54	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	23	15	16	25	2	0	42	42	6490
2020	Indigenous	24	22	14	14	24	1	0	46	39	288
2020	Métis	22	20	15	15	27	1	0	42	43	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	28	16	15	17	2	0	51	32	7496
2019	Indigenous	20	22	16	16	25	1	0	43	41	280
2019	Métis	14	22	19	17	27	1	0	36	45	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	26	17	17	20	2	0	45	38	6887
2018	Indigenous	13	19	14	17	36	1	0	32	54	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	22	17	20	27	2	0	35	48	5868

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	17	12	17	41	2	0	29	59	255
2022	First Nations	17	16	15	19	32	0	1	33	52	95
2022	Métis	5	18	14	15	43	5	0	24	61	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	19	16	19	28	4	0	35	48	6495
2020	Indigenous	18	19	16	18	26	3	0	38	45	287
2020	Métis	15	20	17	18	29	1	0	35	48	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	25	18	18	18	4	0	44	38	7487
2019	Indigenous	15	17	17	19	30	2	0	32	50	279
2019	Métis	7	18	20	19	30	5	0	26	52	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	22	19	20	23	4	0	36	45	6880
2018	Indigenous	8	16	15	22	36	3	0	25	60	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	18	19	23	29	3	0	27	54	5853

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	18	10	23	36	1	0	30	60	255
2022	First Nations	15	19	11	23	31	0	1	34	55	95
2022	Métis	8	18	9	25	38	2	0	27	64	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	15	18	28	2	0	38	47	6495
2020	Indigenous	15	25	18	16	25	1	0	41	41	286
2020	Métis	12	26	17	16	27	1	0	38	44	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	28	16	18	18	2	0	46	37	7508
2019	Indigenous	13	17	17	23	28	1	0	30	52	280
2019	Métis	8	18	20	22	29	3	0	27	53	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	24	17	20	24	2	0	37	45	6891
2018	Indigenous	7	19	14	21	38	1	0	27	59	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	21	16	23	29	2	0	30	53	5870

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	26	19	13	23	0	45	36	255
2022	First Nations	22	25	24	15	13	0	47	28	95
2022	Métis	16	30	16	11	27	0	46	38	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	29	14	13	18	0	55	31	6500
2020	Indigenous	24	32	12	12	20	0	56	32	287
2020	Métis	19	30	15	11	24	0	49	36	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	15	14	12	0	59	26	7505
2019	Indigenous	17	30	13	18	22	0	47	39	282
2019	Métis	13	31	14	18	23	1	44	42	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	32	16	16	15	0	53	31	6895
2018	Indigenous	14	21	19	20	26	0	35	46	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	30	17	18	19	0	46	37	5872

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	36	15	16	9	0	59	26	255
2022	First Nations	24	38	12	16	9	0	63	25	95
2022	Métis	25	33	17	15	11	0	58	25	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	41	12	12	8	0	68	20	6495
2020	Indigenous	30	34	12	16	8	0	64	24	287
2020	Métis	26	36	16	14	8	0	62	23	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	39	14	12	6	0	68	18	7448
2019	Indigenous	19	36	15	17	12	0	56	29	280
2019	Métis	20	34	14	19	12	1	55	31	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	39	15	14	8	0	64	22	6866
2018	Indigenous	16	35	17	17	15	0	51	32	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	38	16	16	10	0	58	26	5886

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	29	18	10	15	0	0	58	25	255
2022	First Nations	34	29	22	7	8	0	0	63	15	95
2022	Métis	25	31	16	12	16	0	0	56	28	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	30	12	11	10	0	0	67	21	6490
2020	Indigenous	39	23	11	12	13	1	0	63	26	287
2020	Métis	32	23	14	15	14	1	1	56	29	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	30	12	9	8	0	1	70	18	7499
2019	Indigenous	31	27	15	12	14	1	0	58	26	282
2019	Métis	29	26	13	14	16	1	0	56	30	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	30	15	11	10	0	0	64	21	6900
2018	Indigenous	26	29	16	16	13	0	0	55	29	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	33	15	13	11	0	0	62	24	5823

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	35	9	20	19	0	52	39	255
2022	First Nations	24	32	10	16	17	0	56	33	95
2022	Métis	12	37	8	22	22	0	49	44	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	36	12	19	13	0	57	32	6485
2020	Indigenous	24	31	15	18	10	1	56	29	286
2020	Métis	17	31	17	25	10	1	48	34	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	37	13	17	8	0	62	25	7480
2019	Indigenous	16	36	12	19	16	0	52	36	281
2019	Métis	13	30	12	25	19	1	44	44	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	37	14	20	11	0	55	31	6880
2018	Indigenous	13	36	11	21	18	0	49	40	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	41	12	21	13	0	53	34	5888

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	10	8	18	1	0	63	26	255
2022	First Nations	44	23	12	4	14	2	0	69	18	95
2022	Métis	29	32	11	10	19	0	0	61	28	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	24	13	7	9	2	1	69	17	6485
2020	Indigenous	45	17	14	7	13	2	1	65	21	285
2020	Métis	41	17	12	9	15	4	2	62	25	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	24	15	7	8	1	2	69	16	7492

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	24	15	15	31	0	0	38	47	255
2022	First Nations	19	26	13	17	23	1	0	46	41	95
2022	Métis	11	24	16	15	33	0	1	35	48	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	25	17	16	22	2	0	43	39	6495
2020	Indigenous	18	22	12	19	24	3	2	42	45	287
2020	Métis	15	22	12	20	27	3	1	39	49	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	28	19	17	17	2	0	46	35	7495
2019	Indigenous	13	22	15	22	28	0	0	34	50	282
2019	Métis	8	21	17	25	27	0	1	29	53	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	24	18	19	22	2	0	40	42	6881
2018	Indigenous	10	13	17	22	37	1	0	24	59	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	22	18	22	27	1	0	32	50	5870

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	25	17	13	12	0	3	57	25	255
2022	First Nations	41	26	14	9	9	1	0	67	19	95
2022	Métis	22	25	20	15	13	0	4	49	30	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	23	16	8	9	1	6	65	18	6495
2020	Indigenous	43	22	13	9	10	1	2	67	20	288
2020	Métis	39	23	14	8	9	2	3	67	18	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	23	15	7	5	1	4	71	13	7520
2019	Indigenous	38	24	19	9	6	0	3	64	16	281
2019	Métis	39	25	18	10	6	0	1	65	16	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	24	17	7	6	1	4	68	14	6894

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	16	18	10	23	1	1	47	34	255
2022	First Nations	34	13	23	7	22	0	2	48	29	95
2022	Métis	26	17	16	13	25	2	2	44	40	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	21	16	12	11	2	4	59	24	6500
2020	Indigenous	33	20	17	14	12	1	2	55	28	287
2020	Métis	27	22	16	18	13	2	2	51	32	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	23	18	10	8	1	3	63	18	7511
2019	Indigenous	28	22	18	13	15	0	3	52	29	281
2019	Métis	26	20	18	16	18	0	2	47	35	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	23	20	11	9	1	3	58	21	6886

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	15	10	4	13	3	2	71	19	255
2022	First Nations	62	12	4	2	12	6	0	80	16	95
2022	Métis	51	11	15	5	11	4	4	67	16	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	11	7	4	6	4	6	81	11	6495
2020	Indigenous	55	10	12	6	10	3	3	70	17	288
2020	Métis	54	10	10	7	10	4	5	71	18	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	11	6	4	5	3	4	84	9	7487
2019	Indigenous	55	15	10	5	10	2	3	74	16	281
2019	Métis	60	16	11	6	4	1	2	78	10	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	12	7	3	5	4	5	83	9	6880

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	12	7	4	13	0	8	73	19	255
2022	First Nations	62	15	7	1	11	1	4	80	12	95
2022	Métis	52	11	6	3	15	1	12	73	21	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	10	6	3	5	2	12	83	10	6500
2020	Indigenous	60	11	6	5	10	1	7	78	16	287
2020	Métis	57	10	7	5	9	2	10	77	16	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	11	5	3	4	2	8	87	7	7497
2019	Indigenous	62	10	7	2	7	2	10	81	11	281
2019	Métis	64	10	10	2	5	1	8	82	7	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	9	5	3	4	3	9	86	8	6885

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	25	9	16	33	1	0	41	50	255
2022	First Nations	19	30	11	12	27	1	0	49	40	95
2022	Métis	13	20	10	21	33	1	1	34	55	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	30	12	16	21	2	2	49	39	6495
2020	Indigenous	15	21	13	14	31	5	2	39	48	285
2020	Métis	13	22	11	14	33	4	2	38	50	160
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	25	15	17	21	2	2	45	40	7512
2019	Indigenous	15	25	11	14	34	0	1	40	48	281
2019	Métis	10	28	15	12	35	0	0	39	47	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	23	16	17	26	2	2	40	44	6912
2018	Indigenous	10	17	15	15	40	1	2	28	57	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	22	16	20	30	1	1	33	51	5863

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	26	11	17	26	0	45	44	255
2022	First Nations	28	26	13	12	20	0	54	33	95
2022	Métis	14	25	10	22	28	0	40	51	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	32	13	14	16	0	57	29	6490
2020	Indigenous	28	26	15	16	15	0	54	31	287
2020	Métis	23	25	17	16	19	0	48	35	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	35	14	12	11	0	62	24	7467
2019	Indigenous	21	29	11	16	22	0	50	38	282
2019	Métis	16	31	9	21	22	1	47	44	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	35	15	15	13	0	57	29	6874
2018	Indigenous	15	32	9	17	27	0	47	44	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	34	15	17	17	0	51	34	5837

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	23	12	16	23	0	48	40	255
2022	First Nations	32	23	12	13	20	0	55	34	95
2022	Métis	19	26	12	19	24	0	46	43	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	31	15	12	14	0	59	26	6490
2020	Indigenous	34	24	14	12	16	0	58	28	287
2020	Métis	30	23	14	13	19	0	54	32	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	32	16	11	11	0	62	22	7494
2019	Indigenous	25	29	11	15	19	0	55	34	280
2019	Métis	20	31	11	17	20	1	51	37	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	30	17	14	13	0	56	27	6889
2018	Indigenous	17	33	11	15	23	0	50	39	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	31	17	15	16	0	51	32	5806

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	29	16	13	19	0	53	31	255
2022	First Nations	33	22	15	14	16	0	55	30	95
2022	Métis	17	34	18	10	21	0	51	31	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	32	17	12	11	0	60	23	6485
2020	Indigenous	31	34	13	12	10	0	65	22	282
2020	Métis	26	33	18	12	11	0	59	22	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	38	16	11	6	0	67	17	7415
2019	Indigenous	21	34	15	12	17	1	55	29	277
2019	Métis	16	32	16	17	17	2	49	35	142
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	37	17	13	8	0	61	22	6791
2018	Indigenous	19	26	18	20	17	0	45	37	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	32	19	16	13	0	52	29	5833

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	25	17	17	23	2	42	41	255
2022	First Nations	22	21	25	12	18	2	44	31	95
2022	Métis	14	27	13	18	25	2	42	45	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	33	19	15	14	3	50	31	6495
2020	Indigenous	16	36	16	14	13	5	54	29	287
2020	Métis	14	35	16	16	15	3	51	33	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	38	19	14	9	3	57	23	7502
2019	Indigenous	16	27	18	21	16	1	43	38	282
2019	Métis	12	28	19	24	16	2	41	40	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	34	22	16	11	3	49	28	6901
2018	Indigenous	9	26	22	16	25	2	36	42	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	28	25	17	17	2	39	35	5872

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	20	12	15	25	0	0	49	39	255
2022	First Nations	36	19	12	15	19	0	0	54	34	95
2022	Métis	24	20	10	13	33	0	0	44	46	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	29	11	13	14	0	0	62	27	6490
2020	Indigenous	36	25	11	13	15	0	0	61	28	286
2020	Métis	34	26	8	15	17	0	0	60	32	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	30	12	11	10	0	0	67	21	7492
2019	Indigenous	27	28	11	14	19	1	0	56	34	281
2019	Métis	23	30	10	15	21	0	1	54	37	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	32	12	12	12	0	0	64	24	6877
2018	Indigenous	23	33	16	15	13	0	0	56	29	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	33	14	13	12	0	0	61	25	5875

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	32	18	4	6	4	71	10	255
2022	First Nations	41	35	14	3	6	1	77	10	95
2022	Métis	33	29	24	4	5	6	66	9	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	31	15	7	5	2	72	12	6495
2020	Indigenous	37	34	15	6	5	1	73	12	287
2020	Métis	33	39	15	7	4	1	73	12	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	33	15	6	4	1	74	11	7456
2019	Indigenous	36	35	18	6	4	1	71	10	279
2019	Métis	34	38	17	5	5	1	73	10	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	17	6	5	1	71	11	6862
2018	Indigenous	32	31	21	9	7	0	63	16	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	33	17	8	5	1	70	13	5879

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	17	8	5	19	2	8	64	27	255
2022	First Nations	46	21	6	6	11	3	7	74	20	95
2022	Métis	39	14	10	5	21	1	10	59	29	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	20	7	4	10	2	8	76	16	6495

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	18	34	255
2022	First Nations	50	17	33	95
2022	Métis	47	20	33	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	30	29	6500
2020	Indigenous	30	31	38	286
2020	Métis	27	30	42	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	38	36	7530
2019	Indigenous	31	32	37	281
2019	Métis	36	31	33	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	35	36	6911
2018	Indigenous	32	31	38	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	35	36	5889

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	38	20	11	15	10	115
2022	First Nations	4	30	20	14	21	10	45
2022	Métis	9	38	20	12	13	9	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	41	26	7	7	7	2600
2020	Indigenous	24	30	28	7	3	8	90
2020	Métis	26	36	29	5	0	5	46
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	36	29	5	5	6	1947
2019	Indigenous	14	30	27	12	10	6	85
2019	Métis	12	29	30	15	10	4	50
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	30	28	6	13	5	1996
2018	Indigenous	13	40	24	16	3	3	82
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	30	35	6	6	5	1713

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	35	15	10	11	0	0	63	22	255
2022	First Nations	35	31	15	11	8	0	0	67	18	95
2022	Métis	24	36	16	11	12	0	0	61	24	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	37	11	9	7	0	0	74	16	6480
2020	Indigenous	39	33	12	9	7	0	0	72	16	285
2020	Métis	35	34	11	10	9	1	0	69	19	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	37	12	8	5	0	0	75	13	7477
2019	Indigenous	32	31	14	10	12	0	0	63	23	282
2019	Métis	30	29	19	10	11	0	1	59	21	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	39	13	9	7	0	0	71	16	6849
2018	Indigenous	30	33	15	11	10	0	0	64	21	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	42	13	9	6	0	0	71	16	5860

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	34	16	19	15	0	49	34	255
2022	First Nations	17	42	15	14	11	1	60	25	95
2022	Métis	15	26	16	25	17	0	42	42	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	36	18	15	12	1	54	27	6490
2020	Indigenous	23	38	12	15	10	1	62	26	287
2020	Métis	19	39	13	17	10	1	59	27	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	40	19	12	7	1	62	20	7502
2019	Indigenous	21	34	18	15	9	2	57	24	282
2019	Métis	17	35	22	17	8	2	52	25	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	37	20	15	9	1	56	24	6891
2018	Indigenous	15	31	21	19	13	0	46	32	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	37	21	17	12	1	50	29	5859

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	31	26	13	7	0	2	20	53	255
2022	First Nations	21	26	24	17	10	0	3	27	48	95
2022	Métis	23	29	28	11	6	0	2	18	53	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	26	32	16	8	1	2	25	43	6490
2020	Indigenous	16	28	30	15	8	1	1	24	46	288
2020	Métis	17	30	30	16	5	1	1	21	48	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	26	33	17	7	1	1	25	41	7514
2019	Indigenous	22	26	26	18	7	0	0	25	49	282
2019	Métis	22	30	26	18	5	0	0	22	52	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	28	31	16	8	1	1	24	44	6899
2018	Indigenous	18	29	35	13	4	0	1	17	48	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	31	31	13	5	1	1	19	50	5850

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	32	25	9	7	1	2	16	58	255
2022	First Nations	21	35	23	14	6	1	1	20	57	95
2022	Métis	24	27	29	7	10	1	3	17	53	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	25	26	14	8	2	4	23	49	6490
2020	Indigenous	22	26	23	13	13	1	2	27	50	285
2020	Métis	22	26	24	14	9	2	2	25	50	160
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	24	29	16	8	1	2	25	45	7476
2019	Indigenous	23	21	30	16	7	2	2	24	45	281
2019	Métis	20	21	34	16	7	1	2	23	42	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	26	24	14	8	2	2	23	52	6891
2018	Indigenous	28	28	23	12	5	1	3	18	58	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	27	24	11	6	2	2	18	57	5828

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	14	27	27	17	1	3	46	26	250
2022	First Nations	10	10	32	24	20	1	2	46	21	95
2022	Métis	8	16	27	29	17	0	4	48	25	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	14	28	27	16	1	6	45	24	6475
2020	Indigenous	11	15	25	25	19	1	3	46	27	284
2020	Métis	9	15	25	26	19	2	4	48	25	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	13	29	30	16	1	3	47	23	7489
2019	Indigenous	8	12	31	31	15	1	2	48	21	279
2019	Métis	7	12	30	34	13	2	2	49	20	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	15	27	27	16	1	3	45	27	6854
2018	Indigenous	12	15	33	28	8	1	2	37	29	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	16	30	26	12	1	3	39	29	5816

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	23	23	15	9	0	0	24	53	255
2022	First Nations	28	13	27	21	11	0	0	32	41	95
2022	Métis	27	29	22	12	8	1	0	20	57	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	23	24	14	12	1	4	27	47	6475
2020	Indigenous	21	24	26	15	14	0	0	29	45	287
2020	Métis	24	26	24	15	10	1	0	26	50	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	21	28	19	12	1	2	32	40	7498
2019	Indigenous	31	21	23	11	11	1	1	23	53	282
2019	Métis	32	24	22	12	8	1	0	21	57	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	24	23	15	10	1	2	25	52	6891
2018	Indigenous	39	24	21	10	3	0	2	14	65	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	26	22	10	6	1	1	17	61	5847

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	16	25	17	12	1	5	31	43	255
2022	First Nations	23	9	27	20	14	2	5	36	35	95
2022	Métis	29	16	24	18	11	0	2	30	46	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	21	24	16	13	3	5	31	42	6485
2020	Indigenous	15	17	29	16	19	3	2	36	33	287
2020	Métis	16	18	29	15	18	3	1	34	35	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	16	27	26	15	3	2	43	29	7466
2019	Indigenous	22	21	27	18	10	2	1	28	44	281
2019	Métis	22	21	28	18	9	2	0	28	44	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	21	26	19	12	3	2	32	41	6864
2018	Indigenous	27	19	27	15	8	2	2	23	49	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	22	25	18	9	2	2	28	46	5817

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	29	27	6	7	1	3	14	58	255
2022	First Nations	26	20	32	8	10	1	2	19	48	95
2022	Métis	25	33	26	6	6	1	3	13	60	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	25	27	13	9	2	3	23	48	6490
2020	Indigenous	22	21	25	16	11	2	1	29	45	287
2020	Métis	21	23	25	18	9	3	2	28	46	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	23	29	17	9	2	2	26	43	7478
2019	Indigenous	28	25	24	12	8	1	1	21	54	280
2019	Métis	28	26	25	12	7	1	1	19	55	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	27	14	9	2	2	23	49	6881
2018	Indigenous	31	25	26	10	7	0	1	17	57	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	26	27	11	6	2	2	17	55	5839

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	21	30	19	10	0	1	29	40	255
2022	First Nations	19	19	34	18	11	0	0	29	38	95
2022	Métis	16	22	28	22	9	1	1	32	40	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	19	31	20	12	1	2	33	36	6495
2020	Indigenous	20	21	26	21	11	0	0	33	41	287
2020	Métis	20	24	28	20	8	0	0	28	44	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	21	34	21	9	0	1	30	35	7510
2019	Indigenous	31	23	30	11	4	0	1	16	54	282
2019	Métis	30	23	30	13	4	0	0	17	52	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	26	30	13	7	1	1	21	49	6904

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	19	18	25	32	1	0	25	57	255
2022	First Nations	9	22	20	25	24	1	0	31	49	95
2022	Métis	3	17	17	24	37	1	1	20	62	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	22	18	24	24	2	0	32	49	6490
2020	Indigenous	13	23	20	22	20	2	0	37	43	287
2020	Métis	9	24	18	26	21	2	0	34	48	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	28	20	23	14	2	0	42	38	7457
2019	Indigenous	8	25	16	25	24	2	1	33	50	281
2019	Métis	5	21	21	23	26	3	0	27	51	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	23	20	25	21	2	0	32	48	6864

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	25	11	11	21	0	0	57	32	255
2022	First Nations	39	23	7	8	23	0	0	62	31	95
2022	Métis	28	26	13	11	22	0	1	54	33	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	28	10	10	11	1	0	69	21	6490
2020	Indigenous	35	22	9	15	18	0	0	58	33	284
2020	Métis	30	22	10	15	21	1	0	53	37	159
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	28	10	12	10	1	0	68	22	7479
2019	Indigenous	30	22	8	19	20	1	0	53	39	282
2019	Métis	25	23	11	19	20	1	0	49	40	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	29	11	13	11	0	0	64	24	6884
2018	Indigenous	22	26	16	17	19	0	0	48	36	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	30	12	15	14	1	0	59	29	5836

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	30	14	9	11	0	0	66	20	255
2022	First Nations	39	23	13	10	13	0	1	62	24	95
2022	Métis	35	27	15	8	13	0	1	63	21	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	33	9	9	6	0	0	77	14	6490
2020	Indigenous	38	30	9	14	7	1	0	69	21	285
2020	Métis	36	29	11	13	9	1	0	66	23	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	33	9	8	5	0	0	78	13	7476
2019	Indigenous	31	31	13	14	11	1	0	62	25	282
2019	Métis	25	38	12	16	8	1	0	64	23	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	36	11	10	6	0	0	73	17	6886
2018	Indigenous	27	37	13	14	9	0	0	64	23	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	39	13	11	7	0	0	70	17	5833

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	32	15	8	15	2	0	61	24	255
2022	First Nations	32	27	16	8	16	1	0	59	24	95
2022	Métis	26	32	16	6	18	3	0	59	25	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	35	13	6	6	1	0	75	12	6490
2020	Indigenous	32	36	14	9	7	1	1	70	16	285
2020	Métis	27	36	15	10	9	3	1	66	19	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	37	14	6	4	1	0	75	11	7443
2019	Indigenous	26	33	14	13	12	1	0	60	25	280
2019	Métis	22	38	17	15	7	1	0	61	22	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	38	16	7	5	1	0	72	12	6896
2018	Indigenous	18	40	22	10	9	0	0	58	20	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	42	18	8	5	1	0	68	13	5839

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	26	18	16	19	2	0	47	35	255
2022	First Nations	26	27	17	12	17	1	0	53	30	95
2022	Métis	19	24	20	15	19	3	0	45	35	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	33	17	12	13	2	0	58	25	6495
2020	Indigenous	25	27	14	18	14	1	0	53	33	285
2020	Métis	20	29	16	17	16	2	0	50	34	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	36	17	11	7	2	0	64	19	7462
2019	Indigenous	25	28	16	15	14	1	0	54	30	278
2019	Métis	23	31	16	15	11	2	1	56	27	142
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	36	18	12	9	2	0	61	20	6859
2018	Indigenous	20	29	22	17	9	2	0	50	27	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	39	19	10	7	2	0	63	18	5858

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	32	15	11	8	3	0	65	19	255
2022	First Nations	33	32	17	10	7	1	0	66	17	95
2022	Métis	27	33	15	11	8	5	0	63	20	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	35	16	7	6	7	1	68	14	6485
2020	Indigenous	28	27	18	11	9	6	1	59	21	287
2020	Métis	26	27	20	12	9	4	2	57	22	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	34	18	7	5	4	1	68	13	7491
2019	Indigenous	28	31	20	9	12	0	0	59	20	279
2019	Métis	24	35	23	7	10	1	1	60	17	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	34	19	7	6	4	1	66	14	6880
2018	Indigenous	23	30	23	12	10	2	0	54	22	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	35	22	7	6	3	1	64	13	5860

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	29	8	13	22	0	57	35	255
2022	First Nations	34	30	9	8	19	1	64	27	95
2022	Métis	27	28	8	15	22	0	56	37	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	36	11	11	10	0	69	20	6500
2020	Indigenous	34	27	13	13	12	0	62	25	286
2020	Métis	31	27	16	15	12	0	57	27	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	33	12	8	7	0	73	15	7487
2019	Indigenous	30	28	14	13	15	0	58	28	282
2019	Métis	27	31	15	16	12	0	57	28	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	14	10	8	0	68	18	6896
2018	Indigenous	21	32	17	14	16	0	53	30	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	37	17	11	9	0	62	21	5846

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	23	9	12	15	2	1	64	27	255
2022	First Nations	44	22	5	13	14	1	1	67	27	95
2022	Métis	32	26	13	12	13	3	1	60	26	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	27	10	7	8	5	4	72	17	6495

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	22	11	12	15	2	2	61	28	255
2022	First Nations	38	23	8	9	18	3	1	63	28	95
2022	Métis	31	23	14	14	13	4	1	57	28	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	26	11	7	8	6	4	71	17	6500

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	21	24	9	9	8	1	53	20	255
2022	First Nations	30	17	26	6	11	8	1	52	19	95
2022	Métis	25	22	23	11	9	8	1	52	22	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	27	22	8	4	12	2	60	14	6490
2020	Indigenous	28	29	19	8	8	7	1	61	18	287
2020	Métis	29	31	19	10	9	2	1	61	19	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	34	19	7	5	5	1	68	12	7507

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	10	7	17	2	1	65	25	255
2022	First Nations	40	26	10	8	15	1	0	67	23	95
2022	Métis	30	35	9	6	16	4	1	68	22	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	30	11	7	8	5	3	71	17	6485
2020	Indigenous	34	27	12	12	12	2	2	63	25	285
2020	Métis	31	28	13	14	12	1	2	60	26	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	31	13	7	7	4	2	72	14	7491

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	14	25	7	19	22	2	32	35	255
2022	First Nations	15	17	22	10	15	18	2	39	32	95
2022	Métis	9	11	25	3	24	26	2	27	38	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	14	24	5	8	35	5	36	23	6490

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	8	3	12	65	11	0	9	87	25
2022	First Nations	0	6	6	5	72	10	0	7	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	4	13	22	47	10	3	6	79	220
2020	Indigenous	3	0	0	27	65	0	5	3	97	21
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	6	16	16	46	11	2	10	72	206

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	25	16	14	23	2	3	44	39	255
2022	First Nations	24	25	13	11	23	2	2	51	35	95
2022	Métis	13	26	18	14	24	3	3	41	40	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	27	18	12	14	6	4	52	28	6495
2020	Indigenous	21	25	14	14	18	4	3	50	35	288
2020	Métis	17	22	15	17	20	7	2	43	40	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	28	18	12	11	4	3	55	25	7502
2019	Indigenous	18	22	20	18	18	3	2	42	37	279
2019	Métis	14	20	27	19	17	3	1	35	36	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	28	17	14	13	3	2	53	29	6883
2018	Indigenous	12	26	23	17	19	2	1	39	37	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	31	20	15	16	3	2	47	32	5849

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	28	13	16	21	1	1	49	37	255
2022	First Nations	26	29	14	14	16	2	0	55	30	95
2022	Métis	18	25	15	16	25	1	1	44	41	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	34	15	13	12	3	1	58	26	6490
2020	Indigenous	26	35	14	13	10	1	1	62	24	287
2020	Métis	23	39	12	13	11	1	0	64	24	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	36	15	11	8	2	1	65	19	7498
2019	Indigenous	25	28	15	15	15	1	1	54	30	282
2019	Métis	21	30	17	16	15	1	1	52	31	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	36	16	12	9	2	1	62	22	6880
2018	Indigenous	24	29	18	17	11	1	0	53	28	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	40	16	12	9	1	1	62	21	5867

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	24	20	16	22	0	0	41	38	255
2022	First Nations	21	22	21	16	19	0	1	43	35	95
2022	Métis	14	24	21	15	25	1	0	39	40	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	32	20	13	14	2	0	53	27	6490
2020	Indigenous	23	29	15	17	14	1	0	54	31	285
2020	Métis	21	28	15	18	17	1	0	50	35	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	35	20	11	8	1	0	60	20	7487
2019	Indigenous	21	30	20	15	14	1	0	51	29	280
2019	Métis	17	30	25	13	13	2	0	48	26	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	35	21	12	10	1	0	56	23	6876
2018	Indigenous	15	28	26	17	14	0	0	43	31	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	35	23	13	12	1	0	52	25	5857

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	15	16	16	31	6	1	32	51	255
2022	First Nations	17	21	19	10	28	6	0	40	40	95
2022	Métis	13	13	17	20	30	6	1	28	53	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	23	16	14	20	8	2	45	38	6485
2020	Indigenous	13	20	14	15	30	5	2	36	48	287
2020	Métis	10	19	14	17	32	6	2	31	53	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	23	17	16	18	7	2	45	37	7496
2019	Indigenous	13	21	12	21	27	4	2	36	51	282
2019	Métis	7	22	14	23	28	5	1	31	54	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	23	17	16	21	6	2	41	40	6891
2018	Indigenous	12	17	16	23	30	2	0	30	54	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	23	19	17	23	5	1	37	43	5864

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	38	6	16	18	60	35	255
2022	First Nations	28	36	8	14	14	64	28	95
2022	Métis	17	41	3	17	21	58	39	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	41	6	17	11	66	28	6495
2020	Indigenous	27	43	5	19	6	70	25	287
2020	Métis	21	46	5	21	6	68	28	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	46	6	14	5	75	19	7523

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	30	7	15	18	0	0	59	33	250
2022	First Nations	38	26	5	15	17	0	0	63	32	95
2022	Métis	25	31	6	15	22	0	1	56	38	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	33	9	15	12	0	1	64	27	6490
2020	Indigenous	35	33	7	14	10	1	0	68	25	287
2020	Métis	31	34	5	18	10	1	0	66	29	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	38	9	13	6	0	0	73	19	7499
2019	Indigenous	28	32	8	15	16	0	0	61	31	282
2019	Métis	21	33	11	19	14	0	1	55	34	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	34	9	16	10	0	0	66	26	6890

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	34	10	12	14	0	0	64	26	255
2022	First Nations	40	32	8	4	15	0	1	73	19	95
2022	Métis	22	34	11	17	15	1	0	57	32	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	35	11	12	9	0	1	69	21	6475
2020	Indigenous	32	31	14	12	10	0	0	64	22	287
2020	Métis	26	34	16	12	11	0	1	61	23	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	35	10	11	6	0	0	73	16	7458
2019	Indigenous	30	32	11	12	14	0	0	63	26	280
2019	Métis	26	37	9	13	15	0	1	63	28	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	11	13	7	0	0	69	20	6855

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	20	4	3	4	0	1	89	7	255
2022	First Nations	75	17	2	1	3	1	0	93	5	95
2022	Métis	65	20	4	5	3	0	1	87	9	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	22	4	3	2	1	1	91	5	6490
2020	Indigenous	74	13	5	4	2	0	1	88	7	286
2020	Métis	70	18	5	4	3	0	1	89	7	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	19	4	2	2	0	1	93	3	7502

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	12	4	2	2	1	4	91	4	255
2022	First Nations	83	10	3	0	1	2	1	96	1	95
2022	Métis	72	12	5	3	1	1	5	90	5	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	11	4	1	2	0	3	92	4	6500
2019	Indigenous	73	9	8	1	5	0	4	86	6	278
2019	Métis	69	12	10	1	6	0	2	82	8	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	12	5	2	2	0	3	91	4	6868

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	15	9	8	9	15	7	66	22	255
2022	First Nations	52	15	3	7	5	12	6	81	15	95
2022	Métis	26	17	13	7	12	18	7	57	26	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	21	12	6	7	15	5	69	16	6500
2020	Indigenous	31	22	12	8	9	14	4	66	20	285
2020	Métis	25	26	12	7	13	13	5	61	25	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	20	12	6	7	14	4	70	16	7510
2019	Indigenous	40	15	8	7	8	16	4	70	20	282
2019	Métis	31	20	13	10	8	15	3	62	22	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	20	12	7	7	14	3	69	17	6911

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	255
2022	First Nations	23	77	95
2022	Métis	30	70	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	6500
2020	Indigenous	26	74	287
2020	Métis	27	73	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	7518
2019	Indigenous	28	72	280
2019	Métis	26	74	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	6898
2018	Indigenous	32	68	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	5884

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	75
2022	First Nations	62	38	25
2022	Métis	53	47	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1085
2020	Indigenous	58	42	72
2020	Métis	59	41	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1119
2019	Indigenous	56	44	74
2019	Métis	44	56	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	43	1251
2018	Indigenous	51	49	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	1240

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	31	75
2022	First Nations	75	25	25
2022	Métis	63	37	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	37	1085
2020	Indigenous	59	41	72
2020	Métis	58	42	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	34	1119
2019	Indigenous	70	30	74
2019	Métis	72	28	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	36	1251
2018	Indigenous	70	30	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	33	1240

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	75
2022	First Nations	17	83	25
2022	Métis	15	85	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1085
2020	Indigenous	11	89	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1119
2019	Indigenous	10	90	74
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1251
2018	Indigenous	13	87	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1240

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	75
2022	First Nations	30	70	25
2022	Métis	18	82	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1085
2020	Indigenous	9	91	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1119
2019	Indigenous	10	90	74
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1251
2018	Indigenous	9	91	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1240

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	75
2022	First Nations	13	87	25
2022	Métis	14	86	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1085
2018	Indigenous	6	94	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1240

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	75
2022	First Nations	42	58	25
2022	Métis	30	70	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1085
2020	Indigenous	21	79	72
2020	Métis	24	76	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1119
2019	Indigenous	18	82	74
2019	Métis	17	83	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1251
2018	Indigenous	22	78	80
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1240

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	75
2022	First Nations	7	93	25
2022	Métis	7	93	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1085
2019	Métis	0	100	36

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	75
2022	First Nations	77	23	25
2022	Métis	41	59	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	1090
2020	Indigenous	44	56	72
2020	Métis	48	52	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1119
2019	Indigenous	40	60	73
2019	Métis	34	66	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1240
2018	Indigenous	49	51	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1240

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	75
2022	First Nations	57	43	25
2022	Métis	41	59	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	1090
2020	Indigenous	33	67	72
2020	Métis	28	72	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	1119
2019	Indigenous	40	60	73
2019	Métis	41	59	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	1240
2018	Indigenous	36	64	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	1240

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	33	75
2022	First Nations	77	23	25
2022	Métis	67	33	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1090
2020	Indigenous	60	40	72
2020	Métis	63	37	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	1119
2019	Indigenous	67	33	73
2019	Métis	60	40	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	1240
2018	Indigenous	54	46	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	1240

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	75
2022	First Nations	57	43	25
2022	Métis	47	53	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	1090
2020	Indigenous	49	51	72
2020	Métis	55	45	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	1119
2019	Indigenous	45	55	73
2019	Métis	48	52	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	1240
2018	Indigenous	44	56	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	1240

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	75
2022	First Nations	65	35	25
2022	Métis	54	46	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	1090
2020	Indigenous	37	63	72
2020	Métis	41	59	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	1119
2019	Indigenous	42	58	73
2019	Métis	30	70	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	66	1240
2018	Indigenous	39	61	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	1240

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	75
2022	First Nations	82	18	25
2022	Métis	52	48	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	1090
2020	Indigenous	69	31	72
2020	Métis	67	33	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	45	1119
2019	Indigenous	54	46	73
2019	Métis	51	49	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	1240
2018	Indigenous	60	40	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	1240

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	75
2022	First Nations	58	42	25
2022	Métis	43	57	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	1090
2020	Indigenous	46	54	72
2020	Métis	40	60	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1119
2019	Indigenous	46	54	73
2019	Métis	52	48	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1240
2018	Indigenous	43	57	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1240

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	75
2022	First Nations	11	89	25
2022	Métis	4	96	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	1090

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	75
2022	First Nations	39	61	25
2022	Métis	23	77	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1090
2020	Indigenous	17	83	72
2020	Métis	23	77	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1119
2019	Indigenous	16	84	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1240
2018	Indigenous	13	87	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1240

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	75
2022	First Nations	39	61	25
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1090
2020	Indigenous	16	84	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1119
2019	Indigenous	15	85	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1240
2018	Indigenous	21	79	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1240

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	75
2022	First Nations	69	31	25
2022	Métis	71	29	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	1090
2020	Indigenous	58	42	72
2020	Métis	65	35	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	44	1119
2019	Indigenous	68	32	73
2019	Métis	67	33	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	42	1240
2018	Indigenous	63	37	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	44	1240

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	75
2022	First Nations	60	40	25
2022	Métis	35	65	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	1090
2020	Indigenous	32	68	72
2020	Métis	28	72	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	1119
2019	Indigenous	23	77	73
2019	Métis	16	84	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	1240
2018	Indigenous	34	66	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	1240

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	75
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	19	81	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1090
2020	Indigenous	21	79	72
2020	Métis	21	79	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1119
2019	Indigenous	13	87	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1240
2018	Indigenous	16	84	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1240

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	75
2022	First Nations	47	53	25
2022	Métis	49	51	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	1090
2020	Indigenous	52	48	72
2020	Métis	46	54	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	53	1119
2019	Indigenous	51	49	73
2019	Métis	45	55	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	1232
2018	Indigenous	50	50	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	1245

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	75
2022	First Nations	28	72	25
2022	Métis	28	72	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1090
2020	Indigenous	34	66	72
2020	Métis	38	62	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	74	1119
2019	Indigenous	26	74	73
2019	Métis	19	81	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	1232
2018	Indigenous	31	69	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	1245

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	75
2022	First Nations	3	97	25
2022	Métis	12	88	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1090
2019	Indigenous	12	88	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1232
2018	Indigenous	7	93	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1245

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	75
2022	First Nations	18	82	25
2022	Métis	18	82	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1090
2020	Indigenous	28	72	72
2020	Métis	27	73	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1119
2019	Indigenous	33	67	73
2019	Métis	34	66	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	76	1232
2018	Indigenous	26	74	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	1245

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	75
2022	First Nations	0	100	25
2022	Métis	3	97	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1090
2020	Indigenous	12	88	72
2020	Métis	17	83	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1119
2019	Indigenous	17	83	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1232

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	75
2022	First Nations	16	84	25
2022	Métis	8	92	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1090
2020	Indigenous	15	85	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1119
2019	Indigenous	15	85	73
2019	Métis	14	86	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1232
2018	Indigenous	13	87	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1245

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	75
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	21	79	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1090
2020	Indigenous	7	93	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1119
2019	Indigenous	12	88	73
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1232
2018	Indigenous	8	92	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1245

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	75
2022	First Nations	40	60	25
2022	Métis	19	81	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1090
2020	Indigenous	10	90	72
2020	Métis	11	89	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1119
2019	Indigenous	15	85	73
2019	Métis	14	86	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1232
2018	Indigenous	12	88	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1245

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	75
2022	First Nations	33	67	25
2022	Métis	35	65	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	1090
2020	Indigenous	29	71	72
2020	Métis	32	68	40
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	1119
2019	Indigenous	21	79	73
2019	Métis	34	66	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	1232
2018	Indigenous	29	71	81
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	1245

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	65
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	975
2019	Indigenous	11	89	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1098
2018	Indigenous	10	90	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1097

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	65
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	12	88	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	975
2020	Indigenous	10	90	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	998
2019	Indigenous	15	85	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1098
2018	Indigenous	20	80	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1097

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	65
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	975
2020	Indigenous	8	92	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	998
2018	Indigenous	12	88	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1097

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	65
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	2	98	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	975
2019	Métis	0	100	30
2018	Indigenous	7	93	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1097

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	65
2022	First Nations	11	89	20
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	975
2020	Indigenous	12	88	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	998
2019	Indigenous	9	91	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1098
2018	Indigenous	9	91	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1097

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	65
2022	First Nations	9	91	20
2022	Métis	7	93	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	975
2019	Indigenous	11	89	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1098

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	65
2022	First Nations	3	97	20
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	975
2020	Indigenous	9	91	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	998
2018	Indigenous	9	91	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1097

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	65
2022	First Nations	21	79	20
2022	Métis	14	86	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	975
2020	Indigenous	9	91	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	998
2019	Indigenous	9	91	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1098
2018	Indigenous	15	85	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1097

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	65
2022	First Nations	23	77	20
2022	Métis	16	84	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	975
2020	Indigenous	13	87	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	998
2018	Indigenous	13	87	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1097

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	65
2022	First Nations	43	57	20
2022	Métis	53	47	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	975
2020	Indigenous	45	55	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	998
2019	Indigenous	35	65	62
2019	Métis	26	74	30
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	1098
2018	Indigenous	39	61	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	1097

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	65
2022	First Nations	20	80	20
2022	Métis	10	90	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	975
2020	Indigenous	14	86	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	998
2019	Indigenous	9	91	62
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1098
2018	Indigenous	7	93	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1097

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	37	65
2022	First Nations	60	40	20
2022	Métis	68	32	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	975
2020	Indigenous	63	37	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	45	998
2019	Indigenous	55	45	62
2019	Métis	53	47	30
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1098
2018	Indigenous	48	52	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	1097

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	65
2022	First Nations	20	80	20
2022	Métis	10	90	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	975

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	24	65
2022	First Nations	81	19	20
2022	Métis	80	20	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	35	975
2020	Indigenous	52	48	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	35	998
2019	Indigenous	57	43	62
2019	Métis	54	46	30
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	37	1098
2018	Indigenous	60	40	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	64	36	1097

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	65
2022	First Nations	8	92	20
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	975

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	65
2022	First Nations	16	84	20
2022	Métis	21	79	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	975
2020	Indigenous	16	84	61
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	998
2019	Indigenous	13	87	62
2019	Métis	23	77	30
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1098
2018	Indigenous	10	90	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1097

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	13	14	11	26	18	7	31	50	255
2022	First Nations	16	11	18	10	22	14	9	35	41	95
2022	Métis	7	14	11	15	23	25	6	30	54	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	13	15	10	17	28	7	35	41	6490
2020	Indigenous	11	13	19	15	21	15	7	30	46	288
2020	Métis	9	14	22	12	24	14	5	28	45	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	17	19	11	13	20	6	43	32	7509
2019	Indigenous	14	10	19	17	24	10	5	29	49	282
2019	Métis	11	11	22	19	21	12	4	26	48	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	16	21	11	16	18	6	37	36	6901
2018	Indigenous	8	14	25	16	25	10	2	25	46	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	17	24	13	17	15	4	33	37	5869

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	26	12	15	24	6	1	46	42	255
2022	First Nations	23	24	11	15	21	5	2	50	38	95
2022	Métis	13	28	13	16	22	8	0	45	41	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	27	17	11	14	11	2	52	29	6490
2020	Indigenous	19	21	18	16	17	8	1	43	37	288
2020	Métis	18	21	20	16	20	5	0	41	38	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	27	20	11	10	7	1	55	23	7505
2019	Indigenous	19	24	19	14	18	4	1	45	34	282
2019	Métis	17	27	23	13	15	4	0	46	29	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	27	20	11	12	7	1	53	25	6897
2018	Indigenous	14	21	23	19	20	3	0	36	40	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	28	22	13	14	6	1	47	29	5870

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	255
2022	First Nations	25	75	95
2022	Métis	28	72	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	6490
2020	Indigenous	20	80	287
2020	Métis	18	82	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	7508
2019	Indigenous	25	75	282
2019	Métis	22	78	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	6896
2018	Indigenous	26	74	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	5870

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	65
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	34	66	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	800
2020	Indigenous	35	65	58
2020	Métis	39	61	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	760
2019	Indigenous	46	54	65
2019	Métis	26	74	30
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	754
2018	Indigenous	30	70	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	761

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	86	14	65
2022	First Nations	85	15	25
2022	Métis	86	14	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	23	800
2020	Indigenous	81	19	58
2020	Métis	82	18	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	80	20	760
2019	Indigenous	82	18	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	23	754
2018	Indigenous	79	21	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	79	21	761

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	65
2022	First Nations	8	92	25
2022	Métis	7	93	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	800
2019	Indigenous	8	92	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	754

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	65
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	12	88	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	800
2019	Indigenous	8	92	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	754

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	65
2022	First Nations	18	82	25
2022	Métis	11	89	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	800
2019	Indigenous	13	87	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	754
2018	Indigenous	11	89	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	761

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	65
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	22	78	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	800
2020	Indigenous	10	90	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	760
2019	Indigenous	12	88	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	754
2018	Indigenous	21	79	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	761

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	65
2022	First Nations	12	88	25
2022	Métis	15	85	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	800
2020	Métis	0	100	28
2019	Métis	0	100	30

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	65
2022	First Nations	48	52	25
2022	Métis	27	73	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	800
2020	Indigenous	34	66	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	760
2019	Indigenous	23	77	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	740
2018	Indigenous	26	74	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	757

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	65
2022	First Nations	38	62	25
2022	Métis	19	81	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	800
2020	Indigenous	12	88	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	760
2019	Indigenous	15	85	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	740
2018	Indigenous	19	81	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	757

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	65
2022	First Nations	6	94	25
2022	Métis	19	81	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	800
2020	Indigenous	9	91	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	760
2019	Indigenous	14	86	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	740
2018	Indigenous	10	90	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	757

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	65
2022	First Nations	10	90	25
2022	Métis	10	90	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	800
2019	Métis	0	100	29

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	65
2022	First Nations	36	64	25
2022	Métis	28	72	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	800
2020	Indigenous	18	82	58
2020	Métis	21	79	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	74	760
2019	Indigenous	22	78	63
2019	Métis	20	80	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	740
2018	Indigenous	18	82	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	757

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	65
2022	First Nations	18	82	25
2022	Métis	39	61	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	800
2020	Indigenous	25	75	58
2020	Métis	32	68	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	760
2019	Indigenous	37	63	63
2019	Métis	37	63	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	740
2018	Indigenous	37	63	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	757

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	65
2022	First Nations	11	89	25
2022	Métis	11	89	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	800
2020	Indigenous	11	89	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	760
2018	Indigenous	8	92	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	757

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	65
2022	First Nations	14	86	25
2022	Métis	8	92	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	800
2020	Métis	0	100	28

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	65
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	5	95	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	800
2020	Indigenous	13	87	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	760
2019	Indigenous	18	82	63
2019	Métis	21	79	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	740
2018	Indigenous	16	84	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	757

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	65
2022	First Nations	35	65	25
2022	Métis	29	71	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	800
2020	Indigenous	24	76	58
2020	Métis	18	82	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	760
2019	Indigenous	27	73	63
2019	Métis	38	62	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	75	740
2018	Indigenous	23	77	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	76	757

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	65
2022	First Nations	6	94	25
2022	Métis	7	93	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	800
2019	Indigenous	0	100	63
2019	Métis	0	100	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	740

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	65
2022	First Nations	23	77	25
2022	Métis	17	83	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	800
2020	Indigenous	25	75	58
2020	Métis	18	82	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	760
2019	Indigenous	25	75	63
2019	Métis	20	80	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	740
2018	Indigenous	30	70	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	757

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	65
2022	First Nations	100	25
2022	Métis	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	800
2019	Métis	100	29

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	65
2022	First Nations	14	86	25
2022	Métis	32	68	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	800
2020	Indigenous	13	87	58
2020	Métis	22	78	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	760
2019	Indigenous	19	81	63
2019	Métis	18	82	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	740
2018	Indigenous	13	87	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	757

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	65
2022	First Nations	23	77	25
2022	Métis	34	66	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	800
2020	Indigenous	29	71	58
2020	Métis	25	75	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	760
2019	Indigenous	34	66	63
2019	Métis	29	71	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	736
2018	Indigenous	39	61	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	760

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	65
2022	First Nations	11	89	25
2022	Métis	24	76	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	800
2020	Indigenous	12	88	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	760
2019	Indigenous	19	81	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	736
2018	Indigenous	20	80	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	760

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	65
2022	First Nations	0	100	25
2022	Métis	6	94	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	800
2019	Indigenous	10	90	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	736

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	65
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	24	76	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	800
2020	Indigenous	21	79	58
2020	Métis	18	82	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	760
2019	Indigenous	23	77	63
2019	Métis	32	68	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	736
2018	Indigenous	25	75	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	79	760

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	65
2022	First Nations	0	100	25
2022	Métis	3	97	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	800
2020	Indigenous	9	91	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	760
2019	Indigenous	8	92	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	736

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	65
2022	First Nations	6	94	25
2022	Métis	8	92	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	800
2020	Indigenous	14	86	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	760
2019	Indigenous	11	89	63
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	736
2018	Indigenous	9	91	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	760

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	65
2022	First Nations	5	95	25
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	800
2020	Métis	0	100	28

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	65
2022	First Nations	14	86	25
2022	Métis	6	94	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	800
2020	Indigenous	11	89	58
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	760
2019	Métis	0	100	29
2018	Indigenous	8	92	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	760

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	65
2022	First Nations	61	39	25
2022	Métis	52	48	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	800
2020	Indigenous	51	49	58
2020	Métis	57	43	28
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	760
2019	Indigenous	50	50	63
2019	Métis	49	51	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	736
2018	Indigenous	46	54	65
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	760

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	60
2022	First Nations	3	97	20
2022	Métis	0	100	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	715

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	60
2022	First Nations	17	83	20
2022	Métis	19	81	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	715
2019	Indigenous	17	83	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	602
2018	Indigenous	14	86	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	684

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	60
2022	First Nations	3	97	20
2022	Métis	0	100	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	715
2020	Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	685

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	60
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	715
2020	Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	685
2018	Indigenous	8	92	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	684

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	60
2022	First Nations	2	98	20
2022	Métis	4	96	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	715
2020	Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	1	99	685

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	60
2022	First Nations	4	96	20
2022	Métis	0	100	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	715
2018	Indigenous	0	100	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	684

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	60
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	5	95	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	715
2019	Indigenous	9	91	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	602

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	60
2022	First Nations	16	84	20
2022	Métis	18	82	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	715
2018	Indigenous	8	92	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	684

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	60
2022	First Nations	13	87	20
2022	Métis	18	82	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	715
2020	Indigenous	10	90	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	685
2018	Indigenous	11	89	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	684

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	60
2022	First Nations	48	52	20
2022	Métis	45	55	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	715
2020	Indigenous	33	67	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	685
2019	Indigenous	35	65	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	602
2018	Indigenous	25	75	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	70	684

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	60
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	5	95	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	715
2020	Indigenous	17	83	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	685

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	37	60
2022	First Nations	61	39	20
2022	Métis	62	38	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	715
2020	Indigenous	67	33	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	685
2019	Indigenous	58	42	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	53	602
2018	Indigenous	41	59	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	684

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	60
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	5	95	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	715
2020	Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	685

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	30	60
2022	First Nations	59	41	20
2022	Métis	78	22	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	33	715
2020	Indigenous	57	43	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	32	685
2019	Indigenous	67	33	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	34	602
2018	Indigenous	58	42	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	31	684

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	60
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	8	92	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	715

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	60
2022	First Nations	13	87	20
2022	Métis	18	82	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	715
2020	Indigenous	11	89	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	685
2019	Indigenous	11	89	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	602
2018	Indigenous	10	90	59
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	684

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	11	19	11	23	19	3	31	44	255
2022	First Nations	22	10	16	9	18	21	3	42	36	95
2022	Métis	9	10	21	12	24	20	4	25	47	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	14	21	8	11	29	5	40	29	6495
2020	Indigenous	11	16	21	8	17	20	7	38	34	288
2020	Métis	11	15	22	8	18	20	6	35	35	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	18	23	7	8	23	5	47	21	7506
2019	Indigenous	16	14	25	10	17	14	3	36	33	282
2019	Métis	11	16	29	10	13	17	3	34	29	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	17	24	6	10	22	6	44	22	6887
2018	Indigenous	11	15	30	11	16	16	1	31	32	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	18	29	7	10	20	4	39	23	5864

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	24	15	12	20	8	1	48	35	255
2022	First Nations	23	24	14	12	16	10	0	53	31	95
2022	Métis	18	26	15	9	20	9	2	49	33	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	27	20	9	11	12	2	54	23	6495
2020	Indigenous	18	27	20	10	14	8	2	51	27	287
2020	Métis	17	28	19	11	16	7	2	50	30	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	28	21	8	8	9	1	59	17	7498
2019	Indigenous	24	24	21	10	16	4	1	50	27	281
2019	Métis	23	27	22	10	11	6	0	54	23	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	27	22	7	9	10	1	58	17	6880
2018	Indigenous	17	25	25	11	17	5	0	44	29	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	28	26	9	10	9	1	51	21	5858

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	255
2022	First Nations	22	78	95
2022	Métis	25	75	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	6495
2020	Indigenous	23	77	287
2020	Métis	21	79	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	7492
2019	Indigenous	26	74	281
2019	Métis	22	78	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	6903

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	65
2022	First Nations	48	52	20
2022	Métis	64	36	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	1105
2020	Indigenous	67	33	66
2020	Métis	74	26	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	1161

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	36	65
2022	First Nations	65	35	20
2022	Métis	52	48	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	27	1105
2020	Indigenous	72	28	66
2020	Métis	77	23	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	22	1163
2019	Indigenous	76	24	69
2019	Métis	70	30	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	20	1339

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	23	14	14	23	1	0	47	38	45
2022	First Nations	25	37	13	7	18	0	0	62	25	15
2022	Métis	25	18	3	4	50	0	0	43	54	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	32	8	12	9	1	1	71	21	800
2020	Indigenous	33	33	11	18	5	0	0	66	23	48
2020	Métis	28	46	4	17	4	0	0	74	22	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	33	8	8	5	1	0	78	14	913
2019	Indigenous	47	21	6	15	12	0	0	68	27	53
2019	Métis	50	33	0	12	5	0	0	83	17	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	35	7	10	8	0	0	75	18	1069

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	30	10	11	13	5	1	63	26	255
2022	First Nations	36	30	3	11	11	8	1	72	24	95
2022	Métis	24	32	15	12	13	2	2	58	26	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	33	10	9	8	3	3	72	18	6495
2020	Indigenous	32	29	11	12	13	3	0	64	25	286
2020	Métis	27	31	13	13	13	2	0	59	27	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	30	11	10	6	2	2	72	16	7515

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	16	21	12	7	105
2022	First Nations	57	15	14	11	4	45
2022	Métis	31	21	28	12	8	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	29	15	9	7	3575

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	215
2022	First Nations	61	39	80
2022	Métis	59	41	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	5645

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	215
2022	First Nations	45	55	80
2022	Métis	36	64	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	5630

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	215
2022	First Nations	51	49	80
2022	Métis	43	57	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	5630

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	215
2022	First Nations	43	57	80
2022	Métis	41	59	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	5630

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	215
2022	First Nations	37	63	80
2022	Métis	35	65	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	5630

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	215
2022	First Nations	39	61	80
2022	Métis	37	63	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	5630

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	215
2022	First Nations	23	77	80
2022	Métis	22	78	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	5630

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	215
2022	First Nations	36	64	80
2022	Métis	38	62	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	5630

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	215
2022	First Nations	39	61	80
2022	Métis	26	74	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	5630

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	215
2022	First Nations	43	57	80
2022	Métis	37	63	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	5630

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	215
2022	First Nations	36	64	80
2022	Métis	42	58	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	5630

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	215
2022	First Nations	5	95	80
2022	Métis	5	95	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	5630

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	215
2022	First Nations	15	85	80
2022	Métis	23	77	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	5630

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	13	5	1	6	2	24	83	10	215
2022	First Nations	56	13	4	0	4	5	18	89	6	80
2022	Métis	46	15	5	1	8	1	24	81	12	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	12	5	2	5	1	20	85	9	5645

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	13	13	8	28	4	25	51	31	215
2022	First Nations	11	6	18	11	33	3	18	56	22	80
2022	Métis	6	18	14	6	28	5	23	48	33	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	12	14	12	31	4	20	56	26	5645

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	12	18	9	27	7	16	47	29	215
2022	First Nations	16	12	20	7	31	8	6	44	33	80
2022	Métis	8	8	19	14	27	7	17	54	21	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	17	14	12	28	7	13	50	32	5640

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	30	6	8	17	2	69	25	255
2022	First Nations	43	26	6	10	12	2	71	23	95
2022	Métis	36	34	5	6	17	2	72	23	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	30	8	8	10	1	74	18	6500
2020	Indigenous	37	26	8	12	17	0	63	29	285
2020	Métis	35	23	7	13	22	0	59	35	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	30	10	10	9	1	71	19	7482

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	12	13	5	44	5	9	57	28	255
2022	First Nations	16	13	10	6	43	3	8	56	33	95
2022	Métis	9	10	12	5	47	8	8	62	23	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	8	16	8	35	6	22	60	18	6490

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	30	13	14	18	3	53	33	255
2022	First Nations	19	37	16	8	18	2	57	27	95
2022	Métis	21	30	13	17	17	3	52	35	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	37	17	12	11	3	59	24	6495
2020	Indigenous	26	36	16	10	9	2	64	20	287
2020	Métis	24	36	16	13	9	3	61	23	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	41	13	9	5	1	72	14	7513
2019	Indigenous	24	39	17	10	10	0	63	20	279
2019	Métis	22	38	18	13	10	0	60	22	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	41	16	10	6	1	67	17	6880
2018	Indigenous	20	40	17	14	9	0	60	23	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	41	18	10	7	1	64	18	5866

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	18	37	24	12	255
2022	First Nations	8	20	37	21	14	95
2022	Métis	10	17	38	25	10	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	26	36	21	7	6495

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	26	11	8	10	5	0	69	20	255
2022	First Nations	48	23	8	4	8	9	0	78	13	95
2022	Métis	34	28	14	9	12	3	0	64	22	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	27	13	6	7	4	1	73	13	6505
2020	Indigenous	40	20	14	8	12	4	1	64	22	285
2020	Métis	37	21	12	10	13	5	2	62	25	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	28	14	7	7	4	1	70	15	7479

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	21	8	14	24	1	0	54	38	255
2022	First Nations	42	17	8	17	16	0	0	58	34	95
2022	Métis	29	24	9	13	23	2	0	54	37	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	26	9	12	15	2	0	64	27	6500
2020	Indigenous	29	22	9	15	25	1	1	51	40	288
2020	Métis	26	23	7	14	29	1	1	50	43	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	27	12	14	15	1	0	59	29	7496

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	25	13	22	24	0	40	47	255
2022	First Nations	18	27	15	19	21	0	45	40	95
2022	Métis	13	25	13	20	29	0	38	49	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	31	15	17	16	2	51	33	6495
2020	Indigenous	22	26	13	17	21	1	49	39	287
2020	Métis	19	26	10	20	24	0	46	44	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	30	17	14	13	2	56	27	7513
2019	Indigenous	14	24	19	19	25	0	37	44	282
2019	Métis	10	23	18	22	27	0	33	49	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	30	18	18	16	1	47	35	6901
2018	Indigenous	9	24	15	26	26	0	33	52	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	29	18	19	19	1	43	39	5873

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	39	14	16	9	1	0	61	25	55
2022	First Nations	18	50	6	19	7	0	0	68	26	25
2022	Métis	24	25	23	16	9	2	0	50	26	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	46	14	16	8	1	0	61	25	1420
2020	Indigenous	30	44	6	14	5	0	0	74	19	54
2020	First Nations	29	45	6	11	9	0	0	74	21	20
2020	Métis	28	47	7	14	4	0	0	75	18	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	49	15	12	4	1	0	69	16	1559
2019	Indigenous	28	38	14	15	5	0	0	66	21	43
2019	First Nations	39	33	6	15	6	0	0	73	21	20
2019	Métis	9	47	19	19	6	0	0	56	25	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	46	13	15	6	0	1	66	21	1305

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	30	21	6	14	0	1	58	21	250
2022	First Nations	26	28	23	5	18	0	0	54	23	95
2022	Métis	27	32	20	7	12	1	1	60	20	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	28	17	9	13	0	2	61	22	6460
2020	Indigenous	27	26	22	14	10	0	0	54	24	288
2020	Métis	24	26	23	16	11	1	0	50	27	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	28	21	11	10	0	1	58	21	7502
2019	Indigenous	26	22	18	15	18	0	1	49	33	282
2019	Métis	24	20	16	17	23	0	0	45	40	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	26	19	12	17	0	1	51	29	6903
2018	Indigenous	22	22	20	14	21	0	0	44	36	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	26	21	12	16	0	1	51	28	5866

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	28	24	13	15	1	48	28	255
2022	First Nations	15	37	21	10	17	0	53	27	95
2022	Métis	19	24	25	15	15	2	44	30	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	28	23	14	14	1	49	28	6465
2020	Indigenous	23	24	27	15	11	0	47	26	287
2020	Métis	22	25	25	18	10	0	47	28	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	28	25	14	10	1	51	24	7516
2019	Indigenous	24	24	25	17	9	1	49	26	282
2019	Métis	23	20	29	20	8	1	43	28	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	28	24	14	12	1	50	26	6894
2018	Indigenous	21	23	23	20	14	0	43	34	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	27	26	17	13	0	44	29	5864

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	27	21	7	10	0	3	62	17	245
2022	First Nations	33	25	21	4	13	0	3	60	18	95
2022	Métis	34	25	20	9	8	0	3	61	18	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	28	19	10	9	1	4	60	20	6470
2020	Indigenous	32	28	18	10	9	0	2	62	19	287
2020	Métis	33	27	19	11	8	0	2	61	20	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	30	19	10	7	0	2	63	18	7492
2019	Indigenous	36	30	18	8	5	0	2	68	14	280
2019	Métis	34	35	18	9	4	0	1	69	13	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	29	20	11	7	0	2	61	19	6851
2018	Indigenous	27	27	24	11	10	0	0	55	21	246
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	29	22	12	9	0	3	55	22	5810

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	18	19	18	29	0	0	33	47	255
2022	First Nations	18	21	15	15	31	0	0	39	46	95
2022	Métis	15	13	23	17	32	0	0	27	50	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	18	21	17	26	1	1	35	44	6480
2020	Indigenous	19	23	20	18	19	1	0	42	37	287
2020	Métis	17	21	21	22	18	1	0	37	41	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	24	20	16	14	0	1	49	31	7485
2019	Indigenous	14	15	22	19	29	0	2	29	49	279
2019	Métis	13	15	21	18	31	0	0	29	50	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	20	20	18	25	0	1	37	43	6880
2018	Indigenous	13	15	20	18	34	0	0	28	52	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	17	22	20	28	0	1	29	48	5850

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	22	12	7	13	0	3	67	20	255
2022	First Nations	46	18	11	5	18	0	3	66	23	95
2022	Métis	44	19	14	9	11	0	3	64	21	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	24	14	7	7	1	5	70	15	6480
2020	Indigenous	47	21	13	8	6	1	3	71	15	287
2020	Métis	47	21	14	9	5	1	3	71	14	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	24	12	6	5	0	3	76	11	7481
2019	Indigenous	43	21	13	12	8	0	4	66	20	280
2019	Métis	37	22	15	17	6	0	3	61	23	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	24	14	7	6	0	4	72	14	6872
2018	Indigenous	37	23	18	9	7	0	5	64	17	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	25	16	7	6	0	6	69	15	5848

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	24	19	15	21	1	45	36	255
2022	First Nations	26	25	18	17	15	0	50	32	95
2022	Métis	16	24	19	15	25	2	41	40	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	25	20	12	16	1	51	28	6485
2020	Indigenous	20	24	24	13	18	1	44	31	285
2020	Métis	21	23	24	12	19	1	44	32	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	26	22	13	13	1	52	26	7503
2019	Indigenous	23	21	28	14	14	1	44	28	279
2019	Métis	22	19	26	18	14	0	41	32	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	26	21	11	15	1	52	26	6892
2018	Indigenous	15	22	28	16	20	0	36	36	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	24	22	14	16	1	46	31	5847

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	24	20	14	22	0	1	43	36	255
2022	First Nations	25	30	18	9	19	0	0	54	28	95
2022	Métis	17	21	18	17	26	0	1	38	44	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	28	20	12	12	1	1	56	24	6475
2020	Indigenous	27	26	20	14	11	0	1	54	25	285
2020	Métis	21	29	21	13	14	0	2	51	27	160
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	30	21	11	8	1	1	59	20	7473
2019	Indigenous	24	24	25	13	12	0	2	49	25	282
2019	Métis	20	27	27	14	11	0	2	48	25	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	32	23	12	10	1	1	56	21	6875
2018	Indigenous	16	32	25	13	14	0	0	48	27	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	31	26	15	10	1	1	49	25	5856

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	29	21	17	19	0	1	43	36	250
2022	First Nations	19	33	18	12	17	0	1	52	29	95
2022	Métis	12	26	20	20	22	0	1	38	42	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	26	21	14	15	1	1	49	30	6480
2020	Indigenous	21	24	25	11	18	1	0	45	29	285
2020	Métis	16	24	29	9	21	1	0	41	30	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	28	23	15	11	0	1	51	26	7482
2019	Indigenous	17	25	23	21	12	0	2	42	34	281
2019	Métis	11	30	22	22	14	0	1	41	37	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	28	23	16	12	1	1	49	28	6878
2018	Indigenous	14	25	27	15	18	0	0	40	33	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	27	26	18	13	0	1	42	32	5857

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	24	27	13	17	0	0	43	30	250
2022	First Nations	21	21	32	10	14	0	1	43	25	95
2022	Métis	16	31	19	13	20	0	1	47	33	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	27	18	13	14	1	1	54	27	6490
2020	Indigenous	24	28	22	12	13	0	0	53	25	288
2020	Métis	20	24	31	11	13	0	0	44	25	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	28	21	13	10	0	1	56	23	7479
2019	Indigenous	22	24	23	17	13	0	1	47	30	279
2019	Métis	17	26	26	20	11	0	1	43	31	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	28	21	14	11	0	1	53	25	6872
2018	Indigenous	18	29	25	13	14	0	0	47	27	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	27	24	16	13	0	1	47	29	5851

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	23	20	10	22	0	0	48	32	250
2022	First Nations	30	29	16	9	17	0	0	58	26	95
2022	Métis	21	20	23	9	24	0	1	42	34	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	23	16	10	16	1	1	58	26	6475
2020	Indigenous	33	20	18	9	18	0	1	54	28	288
2020	Métis	28	19	22	9	21	0	2	48	30	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	25	16	10	12	0	1	62	22	7474
2019	Indigenous	32	19	17	14	16	0	1	52	31	280
2019	Métis	30	18	19	18	14	0	0	49	32	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	26	17	12	12	0	1	58	25	6859

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	25	15	9	11	0	1	64	21	255
2022	First Nations	39	22	19	8	12	0	0	61	20	95
2022	Métis	37	22	14	11	15	0	1	60	26	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	26	14	6	6	1	1	73	13	6480
2020	Indigenous	30	28	24	7	9	0	2	60	16	288
2020	Métis	30	29	21	7	11	0	3	61	18	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	30	21	10	7	0	1	61	18	7482

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	22	19	15	13	1	0	52	28	255
2022	First Nations	31	23	21	10	13	2	0	55	24	95
2022	Métis	29	23	17	18	13	0	1	53	31	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	21	12	10	1	1	56	22	6480
2020	Indigenous	22	25	20	12	20	0	1	47	33	288
2020	Métis	16	25	21	14	23	0	1	41	37	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	29	22	13	12	0	1	53	26	7482
2019	Indigenous	26	26	23	16	8	0	0	52	24	282
2019	Métis	19	27	26	20	8	0	0	46	28	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	29	21	13	10	0	1	56	23	6847
2018	Indigenous	21	27	24	14	14	0	0	48	28	251
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	29	23	15	11	0	1	51	26	5829

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	23	15	10	12	0	1	63	22	255
2022	First Nations	53	15	15	3	14	0	0	69	17	95
2022	Métis	33	24	17	13	13	0	0	57	26	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	23	15	7	10	1	2	67	18	6475
2020	Indigenous	45	23	16	9	7	0	1	68	16	286
2020	Métis	43	23	19	9	5	0	1	67	14	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	27	15	7	6	0	1	72	12	7452
2019	Indigenous	39	24	15	9	11	0	1	64	20	280
2019	Métis	33	28	17	9	10	0	1	63	20	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	25	15	8	7	0	1	69	16	6844
2018	Indigenous	34	29	20	9	8	0	0	63	17	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	26	16	8	7	0	1	69	15	5823

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	24	16	7	9	1	0	68	16	255
2022	First Nations	54	16	16	6	10	0	0	69	15	95
2022	Métis	37	29	17	8	8	1	0	67	16	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	30	15	8	7	0	1	69	16	6480
2020	Indigenous	33	28	21	9	8	0	1	62	17	286
2020	Métis	31	32	21	8	6	0	1	65	14	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	32	19	8	6	0	1	67	14	7466

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	17	8	4	8	0	5	79	12	250
2022	First Nations	67	15	6	2	8	0	1	83	11	95
2022	Métis	55	20	6	3	10	0	7	80	14	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	15	7	3	5	1	8	84	9	6490
2020	Indigenous	56	16	7	7	8	0	5	77	15	287
2020	Métis	53	17	7	7	8	1	8	76	17	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	64	17	8	3	3	1	5	85	7	7462
2019	Indigenous	56	18	5	5	8	1	6	80	14	278
2019	Métis	57	18	6	8	5	1	5	80	14	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	14	7	4	5	1	6	83	9	6862
2018	Indigenous	52	21	10	7	7	1	2	75	15	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	18	10	5	6	1	4	79	11	5831

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	16	10	5	14	1	2	70	20	250
2022	First Nations	59	13	11	3	14	0	0	72	17	95
2022	Métis	49	18	11	4	13	1	4	71	18	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	14	7	5	7	2	4	80	12	6490
2020	Indigenous	53	17	8	7	11	1	3	73	18	285
2020	Métis	53	18	9	7	11	1	2	72	18	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	13	7	4	5	1	2	83	10	7461
2019	Indigenous	48	17	12	9	12	0	2	66	22	282
2019	Métis	49	16	13	12	8	0	2	66	21	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	16	9	5	7	1	2	79	13	6882
2018	Indigenous	49	21	12	7	9	1	0	71	17	252
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	18	11	6	8	1	3	75	14	5849

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	17	13	6	6	0	2	74	12	255
2022	First Nations	63	12	13	4	8	0	0	75	12	95
2022	Métis	51	16	15	8	8	1	2	68	17	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	24	9	4	4	0	2	83	8	6480
2020	Indigenous	53	24	9	4	7	0	2	79	12	285
2020	Métis	47	28	10	6	7	0	2	77	13	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	23	9	4	3	0	2	84	6	7451
2019	Indigenous	40	30	16	7	6	0	1	71	13	282
2019	Métis	41	31	14	8	4	0	2	74	12	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	29	12	5	4	0	1	78	9	6869
2018	Indigenous	36	35	17	9	4	0	0	70	13	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	32	14	6	4	0	1	76	10	5856

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	17	9	10	17	0	1	64	27	255
2022	First Nations	55	19	10	3	14	0	0	73	17	95
2022	Métis	45	17	9	9	18	1	2	63	28	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	19	10	6	9	0	2	75	15	6480
2020	Indigenous	48	17	10	10	14	0	2	66	24	286
2020	Métis	45	18	11	12	13	0	2	64	25	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	18	9	7	7	0	1	77	14	7473
2019	Indigenous	43	22	11	10	13	0	1	66	23	279
2019	Métis	37	22	14	13	13	0	1	60	26	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	21	12	7	8	0	1	73	15	6839
2018	Indigenous	35	22	17	14	11	0	0	57	25	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	24	15	10	9	0	1	66	19	5834

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	6	5	3	3	0	24	85	8	250
2022	First Nations	64	4	3	2	5	0	21	87	9	95
2022	Métis	51	6	6	6	4	1	26	78	14	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	10	4	2	2	0	24	91	4	6475
2020	Indigenous	54	11	5	2	2	1	26	88	5	286
2020	Métis	51	12	4	2	2	1	28	88	6	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	11	5	2	1	0	23	90	4	7484
2019	Indigenous	56	9	5	2	3	0	26	87	6	279
2019	Métis	51	11	3	3	2	0	31	89	7	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	10	6	2	2	0	25	88	5	6816
2018	Indigenous	47	12	6	5	1	0	29	83	8	246
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	12	6	2	2	0	29	86	5	5804

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	22	11	3	4	0	4	83	6	250
2022	First Nations	66	18	9	2	4	0	2	86	6	95
2022	Métis	54	22	8	4	6	0	6	81	11	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	19	9	4	3	1	5	84	7	6470
2020	Indigenous	63	20	9	4	3	0	2	84	7	285
2020	Métis	59	21	8	5	3	0	3	83	8	160
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	21	9	4	2	0	3	84	6	7516
2019	Indigenous	58	22	12	3	1	0	4	83	4	281
2019	Métis	47	25	17	3	1	0	6	77	4	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	21	9	4	3	0	4	84	7	6851
2018	Indigenous	45	30	13	5	3	0	4	78	8	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	24	11	4	2	0	4	82	6	5812

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	14	5	2	6	0	3	86	9	255
2022	First Nations	73	8	7	0	9	0	1	83	10	95
2022	Métis	69	16	4	2	6	0	2	87	9	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	13	5	2	4	1	5	88	7	6495
2020	Indigenous	71	13	6	4	5	0	2	85	9	288
2020	Métis	68	15	4	6	6	0	2	84	12	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	17	6	2	3	0	2	88	5	7508
2019	Indigenous	67	11	9	4	5	0	4	81	10	281
2019	Métis	61	12	10	7	4	0	6	78	12	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	14	6	3	3	0	3	88	6	6884
2018	Indigenous	63	16	7	3	6	1	3	83	9	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	68	17	6	3	3	0	3	87	6	5845

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	9	6	5	0	2	80	11	255
2022	First Nations	54	31	7	2	6	0	1	85	7	95
2022	Métis	41	32	11	8	4	1	3	75	13	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	27	13	5	3	0	3	78	8	6495
2020	Indigenous	42	29	16	6	5	0	2	72	11	287
2020	Métis	38	31	16	7	6	0	1	70	13	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	5	3	0	1	76	8	7513
2019	Indigenous	49	29	11	6	2	0	2	80	8	281
2019	Métis	44	30	16	8	1	0	2	74	9	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	27	13	4	3	0	2	81	7	6857
2018	Indigenous	44	28	17	6	5	0	2	73	10	250
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	29	15	5	3	0	2	77	8	5839

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	28	34	15	14	0	36	29	255
2022	First Nations	13	28	32	9	18	0	41	27	95
2022	Métis	6	29	31	18	15	0	36	33	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	29	37	16	8	0	39	24	6500
2020	Indigenous	12	31	27	16	12	1	44	29	286
2020	Métis	10	31	28	20	10	1	42	30	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	32	34	15	6	0	45	21	7509
2019	Indigenous	15	23	33	22	7	0	38	29	281
2019	Métis	13	22	35	23	7	0	35	30	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	31	34	14	6	0	46	20	6901
2018	Indigenous	6	26	40	20	8	0	32	29	253
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	29	38	16	7	0	39	23	5893

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	21	37	15	7	0	0	22	42	255
2022	First Nations	18	15	44	18	5	0	0	23	34	95
2022	Métis	24	24	30	12	8	0	1	21	49	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	22	38	17	10	0	0	27	34	6480
2020	Indigenous	20	22	29	20	8	0	0	29	42	285
2020	Métis	21	23	29	18	8	0	0	26	45	161
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	20	38	21	8	0	0	29	33	7467
2019	Indigenous	16	30	30	14	10	1	0	24	47	279
2019	Métis	17	36	28	12	6	1	0	18	54	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	20	38	20	9	0	0	30	32	6855
2018	Indigenous	16	30	37	10	7	0	0	17	46	249
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	22	39	18	8	0	0	26	35	5815

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	41	28	0	255
2022	First Nations	38	39	22	1	95
2022	Métis	28	38	33	0	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	56	20	1	6500
2020	Indigenous	34	36	28	1	288
2020	Métis	37	37	26	0	163
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	44	25	1	7531

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	75
2022	First Nations	45	55	35
2022	Métis	46	54	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	1405
2020	Indigenous	47	53	103
2020	Métis	55	45	60
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	2243

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	14	12	5	7	5	12	70	15	255
2022	First Nations	45	15	11	6	8	4	11	71	16	95
2022	Métis	42	15	9	5	9	6	14	71	18	130
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	15	10	5	5	5	18	73	14	6495
2020	Indigenous	36	19	12	10	9	5	8	63	22	286
2020	Métis	35	23	11	11	9	3	8	65	22	162
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	18	13	8	6	2	10	69	16	7504
2019	Indigenous	44	19	10	5	16	1	6	67	22	278
2019	Métis	39	18	9	7	21	1	5	62	29	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	15	12	8	10	1	8	66	20	6811
2018	Indigenous	45	10	17	12	10	1	5	58	24	254
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	14	11	7	10	1	9	69	19	5857

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	17	15	22	32	0	3	29	56	75
2022	First Nations	10	18	13	28	31	0	0	28	59	35
2022	Métis	12	12	18	21	31	0	7	25	55	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	18	13	20	35	2	4	28	58	1405
2020	Indigenous	3	17	11	28	38	1	3	20	68	103
2020	Métis	3	10	13	29	41	2	3	13	73	60
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	21	16	21	28	1	3	32	51	2243

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	14	15	13	43	1	1	26	58	75
2022	First Nations	8	14	12	14	53	0	0	22	66	35
2022	Métis	17	11	17	10	39	3	2	30	52	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	18	14	17	37	2	8	26	59	1405
2020	Indigenous	5	11	9	21	44	2	8	17	73	103
2020	Métis	5	8	12	21	46	2	6	15	73	60
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	18	16	20	30	1	7	28	55	2240

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canada Border Services Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources