2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Shared Services Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	11	5	6	0	78	11	115
2022	First Nations	50	27	11	5	8	0	77	12	40
2022	Métis	50	31	10	5	5	0	80	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	36	12	6	5	0	78	10	3970
2020	Indigenous	41	27	15	9	6	2	69	15	127
2020	Métis	45	17	19	11	4	3	64	16	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	12	7	4	0	77	11	3914
2019	Indigenous	33	35	15	13	3	1	68	16	112
2019	Métis	40	25	17	14	2	0	66	17	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	36	14	9	6	0	71	15	3590
2018	Indigenous	29	33	12	17	9	0	62	26	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	41	13	10	7	0	70	17	2623

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	25	10	10	5	75	15	115
2022	First Nations	40	37	9	12	3	76	15	40
2022	Métis	58	19	10	8	5	77	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	35	11	6	5	78	11	3965
2020	Indigenous	36	27	15	12	10	62	23	127
2020	Métis	37	25	15	15	8	61	24	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	36	12	8	5	75	12	3909
2019	Indigenous	33	26	19	15	6	60	21	112
2019	Métis	35	25	20	15	4	60	20	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	36	15	8	7	70	15	3584
2018	Indigenous	30	27	17	15	10	57	26	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	37	16	11	8	66	19	2633

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	21	9	6	1	84	7	115
2022	First Nations	59	27	5	7	3	85	10	40
2022	Métis	70	14	10	6	0	83	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	10	4	2	84	6	3965
2020	Indigenous	53	21	17	7	2	74	9	125
2020	Métis	53	15	23	6	3	68	9	68
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	31	10	4	2	84	6	3878
2019	Indigenous	45	30	20	4	1	75	5	112
2019	Métis	49	24	20	7	0	73	7	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	32	12	4	3	81	7	3559
2018	Indigenous	45	33	14	5	2	78	7	92
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	35	13	5	3	79	8	2619

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	24	9	7	3	0	80	10	115
2022	First Nations	57	25	9	7	3	0	81	10	40
2022	Métis	60	19	10	6	4	0	79	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	35	11	4	3	0	82	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	45	26	13	11	5	1	71	16	127
2020	Métis	43	23	16	12	4	2	67	17	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	6	3	0	81	9	3913
2019	Indigenous	35	37	14	10	2	1	73	12	111
2019	Métis	40	32	15	10	1	0	73	12	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	38	11	7	4	0	77	12	3594
2018	Indigenous	35	31	12	15	7	0	66	22	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	40	13	8	5	0	74	13	2635

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	23	11	8	5	0	1	76	13	115
2022	First Nations	53	28	9	4	5	0	0	81	9	40
2022	Métis	52	18	14	9	5	0	1	72	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	30	12	6	5	1	0	77	11	3970
2020	Indigenous	40	22	15	13	7	2	1	64	21	127
2020	Métis	43	21	15	12	5	3	0	66	18	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	31	14	7	5	1	0	74	12	3895
2019	Indigenous	28	28	21	15	7	1	0	56	22	112
2019	Métis	33	28	18	17	4	0	0	61	21	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	30	17	11	8	1	0	64	19	3587
2018	Indigenous	21	26	22	16	14	2	0	47	31	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	28	20	13	11	1	0	55	24	2634

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	21	10	11	4	0	0	76	15	115
2022	First Nations	53	31	2	11	3	0	0	84	14	40
2022	Métis	55	14	14	11	5	0	0	69	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	33	11	7	4	0	0	77	12	3965
2020	Indigenous	38	25	18	7	11	0	1	64	18	127
2020	Métis	46	20	17	9	8	0	0	66	17	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	32	14	7	5	0	0	74	12	3883
2019	Indigenous	30	26	22	14	6	1	0	57	21	112
2019	Métis	36	26	18	17	3	0	0	62	20	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	32	16	11	7	1	0	65	19	3566
2018	Indigenous	21	31	19	15	14	2	0	52	29	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	30	19	14	11	1	0	56	25	2629

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	21	11	11	9	2	1	69	20	115
2022	First Nations	48	20	13	5	12	2	0	69	18	40
2022	Métis	43	23	12	14	6	1	2	67	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	25	16	9	7	4	0	67	16	3970
2020	Indigenous	34	21	13	15	11	6	1	59	28	127
2020	Métis	39	20	10	17	9	5	0	62	28	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	24	18	10	6	3	0	64	17	3904
2019	Indigenous	24	22	23	15	13	3	0	47	29	111
2019	Métis	27	26	22	14	10	1	0	54	24	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	25	20	12	10	3	0	57	23	3589
2018	Indigenous	23	29	18	10	19	1	0	53	29	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	24	21	15	13	3	0	50	29	2638

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	25	7	4	2	0	5	86	6	115
2022	First Nations	51	20	11	7	3	0	9	78	11	40
2022	Métis	60	27	5	3	1	0	4	90	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	26	10	3	1	1	3	85	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	49	30	8	3	6	2	2	82	10	126
2020	Métis	53	32	7	1	2	3	2	89	4	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	24	12	3	2	1	2	83	5	3915
2019	Indigenous	48	28	14	7	1	0	2	78	8	111
2019	Métis	61	23	9	6	0	0	1	85	6	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	25	12	3	2	1	2	81	6	3587

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	19	7	7	5	1	0	81	11	115
2022	First Nations	56	20	7	8	7	2	0	78	15	40
2022	Métis	64	18	9	7	3	0	0	82	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	28	7	4	3	1	0	86	7	3960
2020	Indigenous	46	27	9	9	5	0	3	76	15	127
2020	Métis	49	25	11	6	5	0	3	77	11	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	30	9	5	3	0	0	83	8	3910
2019	Indigenous	41	28	16	12	3	0	0	69	15	112
2019	Métis	47	28	13	10	2	0	0	74	13	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	29	9	6	4	1	0	80	11	3576
2018	Indigenous	42	25	14	10	8	0	0	67	18	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	32	11	8	5	1	0	76	13	2625

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	13	7	12	4	0	0	78	15	115
2022	First Nations	62	15	4	12	8	0	0	77	20	40
2022	Métis	67	13	7	12	1	0	0	79	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	23	6	4	3	0	0	87	7	3970
2020	Indigenous	55	21	13	4	7	0	1	77	11	127
2020	Métis	57	20	15	2	7	0	0	77	8	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	4	3	0	0	85	7	3918
2019	Indigenous	50	26	15	4	4	1	0	77	8	112
2019	Métis	52	27	16	3	2	0	0	79	5	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	24	8	5	4	0	0	83	9	3593
2018	Indigenous	42	31	15	5	8	0	0	73	13	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	7	5	0	0	76	12	2632

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	31	7	8	8	3	0	76	16	115
2022	First Nations	51	26	4	5	7	6	0	83	13	40
2022	Métis	40	32	7	10	10	1	0	73	20	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	29	12	4	3	9	0	78	8	3970
2020	Indigenous	35	23	17	7	8	9	2	65	16	127
2020	Métis	41	26	14	5	8	4	2	71	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	28	14	5	4	10	0	75	10	3919
2019	Indigenous	28	35	16	9	5	6	0	67	16	111
2019	Métis	33	34	17	4	7	4	0	70	12	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	30	18	7	4	8	0	67	13	3577
2018	Indigenous	25	27	25	13	6	5	0	54	19	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	28	21	8	6	11	0	61	16	2642

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	29	9	9	10	3	0	71	20	115
2022	First Nations	41	30	6	7	9	7	0	76	17	40
2022	Métis	39	29	10	11	11	2	0	68	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	30	16	9	6	3	0	68	16	3970
2020	Indigenous	29	28	14	12	11	3	2	61	24	125
2020	Métis	32	34	15	8	9	2	2	68	17	68
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	32	16	9	6	3	0	69	15	3905
2019	Indigenous	24	32	19	11	11	4	0	58	22	111
2019	Métis	26	39	14	12	8	1	0	65	20	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	30	20	13	8	3	0	58	21	3574
2018	Indigenous	22	19	29	15	13	2	0	42	28	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	28	21	15	12	3	0	50	28	2635

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	33	13	10	12	4	0	64	23	115
2022	First Nations	28	37	13	5	9	8	0	71	15	40
2022	Métis	29	32	12	13	14	0	0	61	27	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	30	18	11	8	5	0	61	20	3970
2020	Indigenous	20	33	15	17	10	5	1	56	28	127
2020	Métis	24	34	16	13	10	3	0	59	24	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	19	11	6	6	0	61	18	3909
2019	Indigenous	15	29	24	19	10	4	0	46	30	111
2019	Métis	17	30	22	20	8	3	0	48	29	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	28	23	15	9	6	0	50	25	3567
2018	Indigenous	12	20	22	21	20	5	0	34	43	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	24	25	17	14	6	0	40	33	2636

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	35	14	9	10	1	0	66	20	115
2022	First Nations	31	35	18	7	7	2	0	68	14	40
2022	Métis	31	33	14	12	11	0	0	64	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	34	16	11	7	2	0	65	19	3970
2020	Indigenous	23	33	15	15	12	0	2	57	28	126
2020	Métis	24	32	15	19	8	0	2	57	28	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	34	17	12	7	2	0	62	20	3915
2019	Indigenous	19	27	21	20	12	3	0	46	32	110
2019	Métis	20	27	20	20	11	1	0	48	32	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	30	20	17	11	3	0	51	28	3574
2018	Indigenous	15	21	21	23	19	1	0	36	43	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	27	21	19	15	3	0	43	35	2638

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	25	16	7	2	0	1	75	9	115
2022	First Nations	47	27	16	8	0	0	3	75	8	40
2022	Métis	54	22	15	6	2	0	0	77	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	33	13	6	5	1	0	76	11	3970
2020	Indigenous	35	25	18	13	7	1	1	62	20	127
2020	Métis	36	27	16	13	8	0	0	63	21	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	35	14	8	5	0	0	73	13	3913
2019	Indigenous	35	21	27	12	5	1	0	56	17	112
2019	Métis	39	21	26	7	6	1	0	61	13	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	37	15	9	6	0	0	69	15	3587
2018	Indigenous	27	26	18	21	7	0	1	54	28	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	33	18	12	9	0	0	61	20	2634

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	29	9	14	5	0	73	19	115
2022	First Nations	37	34	10	12	7	0	71	19	40
2022	Métis	46	28	8	15	3	0	74	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	41	9	8	4	0	79	12	3970
2020	Indigenous	37	31	15	11	6	0	68	17	126
2020	Métis	35	30	18	10	7	0	64	18	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	42	12	9	4	0	75	13	3895
2019	Indigenous	25	28	23	18	6	0	53	24	112
2019	Métis	31	28	20	16	5	0	59	21	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	38	17	12	6	0	65	18	3575
2018	Indigenous	22	31	16	21	8	1	54	30	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	36	17	14	9	0	60	23	2637

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	23	11	7	6	1	0	76	13	115
2022	First Nations	42	26	13	5	13	2	0	69	18	40
2022	Métis	59	20	11	8	2	0	0	79	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	30	9	5	4	0	0	82	9	3970
2020	Indigenous	48	23	13	6	9	1	1	71	16	126
2020	Métis	44	26	16	3	9	2	0	71	12	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	10	6	4	0	0	80	9	3905
2019	Indigenous	40	31	14	9	6	0	0	70	15	112
2019	Métis	47	28	11	9	5	0	0	75	14	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	30	11	7	4	1	1	77	11	3588
2018	Indigenous	31	35	17	11	6	0	0	66	16	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	33	14	7	6	0	0	73	13	2631

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	32	11	9	6	0	0	74	15	115
2022	First Nations	39	26	11	9	15	0	0	64	24	40
2022	Métis	48	31	11	8	1	0	0	80	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	38	9	6	4	0	0	81	10	3960
2020	Indigenous	38	32	17	9	2	0	1	71	12	126
2020	Métis	34	37	16	11	1	0	1	71	12	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	13	8	3	0	1	76	11	3905
2019	Indigenous	31	28	20	11	8	1	1	61	19	112
2019	Métis	37	26	17	10	7	1	1	64	18	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	37	15	12	6	0	1	67	18	3573
2018	Indigenous	18	31	19	17	14	0	1	50	31	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	37	16	16	10	0	1	58	26	2634

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	20	5	7	5	1	0	83	12	115
2022	First Nations	55	22	4	7	10	2	0	79	17	40
2022	Métis	68	16	4	9	2	0	0	85	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	22	8	3	3	1	1	85	6	3965
2020	Indigenous	52	17	14	6	8	1	2	72	14	127
2020	Métis	51	19	18	4	8	0	0	70	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	22	12	3	4	1	1	80	7	3902

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	30	11	11	7	1	0	71	18	115
2022	First Nations	49	24	6	11	8	2	0	74	19	40
2022	Métis	38	30	13	13	5	0	0	68	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	34	13	7	5	2	0	74	13	3970
2020	Indigenous	32	33	12	8	12	3	0	67	21	127
2020	Métis	35	36	14	6	8	0	0	71	14	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	34	16	8	6	2	0	68	15	3902
2019	Indigenous	27	27	22	13	9	2	1	55	22	111
2019	Métis	27	35	21	10	4	3	0	64	14	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	33	19	11	9	2	0	60	20	3583
2018	Indigenous	19	30	16	12	24	0	0	49	36	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	31	21	15	12	3	0	51	27	2639

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	20	9	6	1	1	5	83	7	115
2022	First Nations	64	24	4	4	0	0	4	91	4	40
2022	Métis	54	18	13	4	2	2	6	79	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	21	10	3	4	1	6	81	8	3970
2020	Indigenous	56	21	10	6	3	0	4	80	9	127
2020	Métis	53	24	9	5	4	0	5	80	10	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	23	11	4	3	1	3	81	7	3920
2019	Indigenous	53	22	16	5	1	1	2	78	6	112
2019	Métis	52	22	16	5	0	0	4	77	6	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	4	2	1	4	83	6	3586

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	19	12	6	4	2	4	76	11	115
2022	First Nations	57	10	14	7	7	2	2	71	14	40
2022	Métis	52	20	13	5	2	2	6	79	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	21	10	3	3	1	4	83	6	3970
2020	Indigenous	52	19	14	8	6	0	2	72	13	127
2020	Métis	60	12	15	10	3	0	0	72	13	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	22	12	5	2	1	3	80	7	3910
2019	Indigenous	45	24	17	8	3	2	2	71	11	111
2019	Métis	51	19	16	7	1	3	3	74	9	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	23	14	6	4	2	4	75	10	3579

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	9	6	2	2	3	6	89	4	115
2022	First Nations	74	7	10	4	0	2	3	86	4	40
2022	Métis	70	11	4	2	3	3	7	89	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	7	4	2	3	3	5	91	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	71	11	8	2	3	2	2	86	6	127
2020	Métis	73	10	10	2	4	1	0	84	6	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	8	5	2	2	4	4	89	5	3901
2019	Indigenous	77	5	5	2	2	6	3	91	4	112
2019	Métis	76	7	4	3	1	4	4	91	4	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	8	4	2	3	4	4	90	5	3566

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	7	4	0	2	3	10	93	3	115
2022	First Nations	79	5	3	0	0	3	11	97	0	40
2022	Métis	68	9	6	0	4	3	10	88	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	7	3	1	2	2	11	93	3	3965
2020	Indigenous	68	10	6	5	2	1	8	85	8	127
2020	Métis	74	7	4	6	2	2	5	87	9	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	10	4	1	1	1	7	93	2	3908
2019	Indigenous	73	10	5	1	3	2	7	91	4	112
2019	Métis	72	10	6	1	1	0	9	91	3	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	6	3	1	1	3	8	94	3	3579

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	31	7	9	15	1	2	68	25	115
2022	First Nations	38	32	2	2	21	3	2	74	24	40
2022	Métis	35	31	10	9	13	0	2	67	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	33	10	11	11	2	2	66	23	3970
2020	Indigenous	24	27	11	17	19	3	0	53	36	127
2020	Métis	22	28	12	21	17	0	0	50	38	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	27	14	13	13	2	2	59	27	3916
2019	Indigenous	24	23	15	15	21	2	1	48	37	112
2019	Métis	27	26	13	14	17	1	1	55	32	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	29	15	12	15	2	1	56	28	3589
2018	Indigenous	22	22	13	18	23	0	2	45	42	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	28	16	15	19	2	1	49	35	2643

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	32	8	11	4	77	15	115
2022	First Nations	45	31	6	18	0	76	18	40
2022	Métis	49	30	9	6	7	79	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	37	10	7	4	79	11	3965
2020	Indigenous	35	28	15	12	10	63	22	127
2020	Métis	31	31	15	14	8	63	22	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	36	12	8	4	76	12	3895
2019	Indigenous	28	35	18	13	6	64	19	112
2019	Métis	31	40	11	12	5	72	17	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	37	13	9	6	71	15	3573
2018	Indigenous	24	35	16	18	8	58	25	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	38	16	11	7	67	18	2623

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	27	14	4	4	0	79	8	115
2022	First Nations	49	28	16	4	3	0	77	7	40
2022	Métis	57	22	13	2	5	0	80	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	33	11	5	3	0	81	9	3965
2020	Indigenous	36	34	14	9	7	0	70	16	126
2020	Métis	35	40	11	10	5	0	74	15	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	33	13	6	4	0	76	11	3904
2019	Indigenous	32	36	15	14	4	0	68	18	112
2019	Métis	37	34	13	10	7	0	70	17	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	34	15	8	6	0	71	14	3585
2018	Indigenous	28	29	17	18	6	1	58	24	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	35	17	8	7	0	68	16	2613

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	25	12	9	3	1	76	12	115
2022	First Nations	42	35	14	7	3	0	77	10	40
2022	Métis	57	18	10	9	3	2	77	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	35	10	5	4	0	81	9	3965
2020	Indigenous	32	34	16	13	4	1	67	17	126
2020	Métis	32	33	16	16	3	1	65	19	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	12	7	3	0	78	10	3877
2019	Indigenous	30	39	15	13	3	0	69	16	111
2019	Métis	35	40	12	12	1	0	75	14	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	38	14	9	5	0	72	14	3535
2018	Indigenous	25	35	17	15	7	1	61	22	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	35	17	11	8	0	64	19	2629

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	37	10	11	5	2	0	74	16	115
2022	First Nations	28	42	15	5	5	5	0	74	10	40
2022	Métis	41	32	8	14	5	0	0	73	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	38	14	6	3	3	1	75	10	3970
2020	Indigenous	21	34	20	12	6	5	2	59	19	127
2020	Métis	19	37	22	12	8	3	0	57	20	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	41	17	7	4	4	0	72	11	3908
2019	Indigenous	21	35	24	15	1	5	0	59	17	112
2019	Métis	22	34	24	15	0	4	0	59	16	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	39	21	9	5	4	0	65	14	3588
2018	Indigenous	16	39	21	14	8	1	1	56	22	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	35	24	10	7	4	0	57	18	2639

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	21	11	5	4	0	0	80	9	115
2022	First Nations	63	15	17	5	0	0	0	78	5	40
2022	Métis	60	22	7	5	6	0	0	82	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	28	7	4	4	0	0	85	8	3965
2020	Indigenous	46	26	16	7	4	0	0	72	11	127
2020	Métis	50	24	16	4	5	0	0	74	9	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	28	9	6	3	0	1	82	9	3909
2019	Indigenous	52	21	16	9	2	1	0	73	11	112
2019	Métis	55	22	17	6	0	0	0	78	6	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	30	8	6	4	0	0	82	10	3584
2018	Indigenous	38	32	19	7	4	0	0	70	11	93
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	32	10	6	5	0	0	79	11	2623

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	32	12	9	3	1	1	75	13	115
2022	First Nations	44	38	9	7	2	0	0	82	9	40
2022	Métis	41	33	13	8	3	1	1	75	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	33	13	6	4	0	0	77	10	3970
2020	Indigenous	36	32	15	10	5	0	1	69	16	125
2020	Métis	41	23	19	12	3	0	2	66	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	32	16	9	5	0	1	70	14	3903
2019	Indigenous	32	32	19	12	5	0	0	64	17	112
2019	Métis	33	29	23	10	5	0	0	62	15	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	35	15	7	5	0	1	72	12	3571
2018	Indigenous	33	31	14	13	9	0	0	64	22	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	33	17	9	5	0	1	68	15	2641

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	16	8	3	1	2	0	88	4	115
2022	First Nations	74	16	3	0	3	4	0	94	3	40
2022	Métis	71	16	8	4	0	1	0	88	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	19	4	1	2	2	2	93	3	3970

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	24	31	115
2022	First Nations	49	21	30	40
2022	Métis	42	27	31	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	33	30	3970
2020	Indigenous	33	31	36	127
2020	Métis	36	32	32	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	38	37	3919
2019	Indigenous	31	30	39	112
2019	Métis	32	32	36	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	33	38	3596
2018	Indigenous	40	34	26	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	39	2650

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	42	24	5	8	6	55
2022	First Nations	18	33	32	4	9	4	20
2022	Métis	16	52	14	4	9	5	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	43	22	5	6	8	1480
2020	Indigenous	15	48	28	2	0	7	43
2020	Métis	8	56	29	3	0	4	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	38	36	2	4	5	1007
2019	Indigenous	6	37	39	4	0	14	35
2019	Métis	5	35	43	5	0	12	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	32	37	4	7	4	1048
2018	Indigenous	12	27	48	0	0	13	39
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	30	41	4	4	5	795

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	25	11	7	2	1	80	9	115
2022	First Nations	47	32	9	7	3	2	80	10	40
2022	Métis	57	24	11	5	2	0	81	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	37	7	4	2	0	86	6	3965
2020	Indigenous	52	25	15	3	5	0	77	8	127
2020	Métis	54	20	15	6	6	0	74	11	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	36	9	4	2	0	84	7	3891
2019	Indigenous	39	42	10	6	2	1	81	9	112
2019	Métis	45	33	10	9	2	2	79	11	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	38	12	7	4	0	77	11	3574
2018	Indigenous	41	31	17	7	2	1	73	10	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	40	13	6	4	1	78	10	2634

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	42	10	10	5	0	75	15	115
2022	First Nations	34	47	9	5	4	0	81	10	40
2022	Métis	32	40	10	12	6	0	72	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	43	13	7	4	1	76	11	3970
2020	Indigenous	30	30	23	10	5	2	61	15	127
2020	Métis	32	30	21	9	8	0	62	17	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	41	16	6	3	1	75	9	3917
2019	Indigenous	23	43	22	9	3	0	65	12	112
2019	Métis	24	41	23	9	4	0	65	12	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	41	17	8	4	1	70	12	3592
2018	Indigenous	20	37	23	18	2	0	57	20	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	39	23	12	6	1	59	19	2640

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	21	31	21	12	0	3	34	34	115
2022	First Nations	13	20	25	25	14	0	3	41	33	40
2022	Métis	10	24	34	20	10	0	2	31	35	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	22	35	20	11	1	2	32	32	3960
2020	Indigenous	14	29	25	16	12	0	3	30	44	127
2020	Métis	11	27	28	14	16	0	3	32	40	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	25	36	18	8	1	1	27	37	3921
2019	Indigenous	19	28	32	12	8	2	0	20	48	112
2019	Métis	17	28	29	14	8	3	0	23	46	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	28	35	15	6	1	1	22	42	3592
2018	Indigenous	19	31	34	14	2	0	0	15	50	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	30	35	13	5	1	1	18	46	2638

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	25	29	15	6	1	2	22	48	115
2022	First Nations	18	25	32	17	5	0	2	23	44	40
2022	Métis	19	24	32	14	7	2	2	21	45	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	27	29	14	9	1	3	23	46	3955
2020	Indigenous	20	29	24	13	11	1	2	24	51	126
2020	Métis	21	34	22	7	15	0	2	22	56	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	25	31	14	8	1	2	23	45	3911
2019	Indigenous	29	22	27	10	9	2	0	19	53	112
2019	Métis	30	24	24	10	11	1	0	21	54	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	30	26	11	6	2	1	17	57	3583
2018	Indigenous	32	32	25	7	3	0	1	10	65	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	30	24	10	4	2	1	15	61	2628

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	11	27	29	20	0	3	50	23	115
2022	First Nations	6	9	25	40	18	0	3	59	15	40
2022	Métis	13	12	28	24	21	0	2	46	26	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	14	30	27	17	1	2	46	23	3955
2020	Indigenous	10	22	31	16	17	1	3	34	34	127
2020	Métis	8	26	30	15	16	2	3	33	36	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	17	33	25	13	1	1	39	27	3900
2019	Indigenous	12	20	28	27	11	1	0	39	32	112
2019	Métis	11	27	26	22	13	1	0	35	39	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	19	32	23	11	1	1	36	32	3575
2018	Indigenous	18	24	35	19	5	0	0	24	41	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	20	33	22	8	1	1	31	35	2623

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	17	27	20	15	0	3	36	36	115
2022	First Nations	9	27	26	24	14	0	0	38	36	40
2022	Métis	22	13	28	17	15	0	4	34	37	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	18	27	21	17	1	4	41	31	3955
2020	Indigenous	16	24	23	23	10	1	3	35	41	127
2020	Métis	14	28	22	19	13	0	3	34	43	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	20	28	22	13	1	2	36	35	3909
2019	Indigenous	21	25	25	18	9	2	1	28	47	110
2019	Métis	21	30	22	14	9	1	1	24	53	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	22	28	19	10	1	2	30	40	3589
2018	Indigenous	31	28	20	11	8	1	1	20	60	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	26	27	16	7	2	2	24	48	2637

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	17	23	15	20	2	8	40	34	115
2022	First Nations	8	18	28	15	23	0	8	41	29	40
2022	Métis	16	13	20	19	21	4	8	45	33	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	15	26	22	19	4	5	45	26	3960
2020	Indigenous	12	20	22	23	16	2	4	42	34	127
2020	Métis	10	25	18	22	19	2	3	44	37	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	14	26	28	17	3	2	48	24	3895
2019	Indigenous	14	27	20	24	13	3	1	38	42	112
2019	Métis	14	26	17	24	16	3	0	41	42	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	19	27	21	14	3	2	37	34	3575
2018	Indigenous	27	18	19	28	3	4	1	33	47	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	28	20	10	3	3	32	39	2621

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	28	28	8	13	0	3	22	49	115
2022	First Nations	18	26	30	7	18	0	2	25	44	40
2022	Métis	22	28	25	8	13	0	4	22	52	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	23	30	14	11	2	2	26	43	3965
2020	Indigenous	24	22	29	12	9	2	2	22	48	127
2020	Métis	25	27	23	10	10	3	2	21	55	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	23	30	16	8	2	1	25	44	3910
2019	Indigenous	27	24	21	15	10	1	2	26	52	112
2019	Métis	27	22	23	13	14	0	3	27	50	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	27	28	11	7	2	1	19	52	3585
2018	Indigenous	29	33	22	13	2	0	1	15	62	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	27	28	11	4	2	1	16	56	2639

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	5	21	38	24	0	4	65	13	115
2022	First Nations	3	6	22	35	28	0	7	67	10	40
2022	Métis	11	5	21	37	21	0	5	61	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	5	22	37	30	1	3	69	8	3960
2020	Indigenous	1	9	34	33	21	1	2	55	10	127
2020	Métis	0	7	36	36	18	2	2	56	8	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	8	29	38	21	1	1	60	11	3913
2019	Indigenous	7	14	24	35	18	2	0	54	22	112
2019	Métis	8	11	29	29	21	1	0	51	19	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	13	34	29	17	1	2	47	19	3589

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	33	17	11	11	1	60	23	115
2022	First Nations	32	30	16	9	9	4	64	19	40
2022	Métis	24	34	15	13	14	0	58	27	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	36	18	15	8	2	58	23	3970
2020	Indigenous	20	33	17	13	13	3	55	27	126
2020	Métis	18	40	17	9	12	3	60	22	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	36	22	13	7	2	58	20	3898
2019	Indigenous	16	24	31	19	10	0	40	29	112
2019	Métis	17	24	29	20	9	0	41	29	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	30	24	20	9	2	46	30	3568

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	20	6	6	4	0	84	10	115
2022	First Nations	64	22	0	8	7	0	86	14	40
2022	Métis	61	22	10	4	2	0	83	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	24	6	4	3	1	88	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	53	22	8	7	8	2	77	15	127
2020	Métis	57	19	11	7	5	1	77	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	25	8	5	4	1	83	9	3903
2019	Indigenous	49	29	9	6	7	0	78	13	111
2019	Métis	56	28	6	4	6	0	84	10	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	26	8	6	4	1	81	11	3584
2018	Indigenous	42	33	11	8	5	1	76	13	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	31	10	7	5	1	78	12	2633

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	26	3	5	1	91	6	115
2022	First Nations	70	23	2	5	0	93	5	40
2022	Métis	64	26	4	5	1	89	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	26	4	3	1	91	4	3965
2020	Indigenous	52	30	6	6	5	83	12	126
2020	Métis	53	28	8	5	6	81	11	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	27	6	3	2	89	5	3885
2019	Indigenous	53	25	13	5	4	79	8	112
2019	Métis	62	21	9	3	4	83	7	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	29	6	5	2	87	7	3575
2018	Indigenous	41	42	11	6	0	83	6	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	34	7	5	2	86	7	2632

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	29	10	6	2	1	0	81	9	115
2022	First Nations	43	35	12	10	0	0	0	78	10	40
2022	Métis	57	25	8	4	4	1	0	83	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	31	7	3	2	1	0	88	4	3965
2020	Indigenous	43	26	14	8	6	3	0	71	15	124
2020	Métis	43	24	19	7	6	2	0	68	13	68
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	32	9	3	2	1	0	85	5	3878
2019	Indigenous	41	36	10	7	3	2	1	80	10	112
2019	Métis	51	31	7	7	3	0	1	83	10	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	33	10	4	2	1	0	84	6	3587
2018	Indigenous	33	47	13	4	3	1	0	80	7	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	39	11	4	2	1	0	83	6	2639

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	19	15	6	3	3	1	75	9	115
2022	First Nations	50	24	14	2	2	5	2	80	5	40
2022	Métis	54	16	16	8	4	2	0	71	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	34	10	4	3	2	0	82	7	3970
2020	Indigenous	38	33	14	11	3	2	0	72	14	127
2020	Métis	39	32	12	10	4	3	0	74	14	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	36	11	4	2	3	0	83	6	3894
2019	Indigenous	36	36	13	9	3	3	0	74	12	112
2019	Métis	42	33	13	7	3	1	0	76	10	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	36	14	4	2	3	0	78	7	3571
2018	Indigenous	33	34	21	3	3	5	0	71	7	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	36	16	3	2	4	0	78	6	2627

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	32	7	4	1	3	3	87	5	115
2022	First Nations	54	31	3	5	0	5	2	92	5	40
2022	Métis	44	34	11	4	2	1	3	83	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	33	11	3	2	8	1	82	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	44	29	15	6	1	3	2	77	7	126
2020	Métis	44	28	15	7	1	2	3	75	9	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	32	12	3	2	5	1	82	5	3907
2019	Indigenous	40	27	18	8	1	6	0	72	10	111
2019	Métis	47	22	15	10	0	6	0	73	11	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	32	15	2	2	5	1	80	4	3581
2018	Indigenous	32	29	20	9	3	7	0	65	13	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	33	18	4	2	7	1	74	6	2627

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	25	12	5	1	0	0	82	6	115
2022	First Nations	57	24	9	10	0	0	0	81	10	40
2022	Métis	57	21	17	3	2	0	0	78	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	30	6	3	2	0	0	88	6	3970
2020	Indigenous	53	26	9	9	2	0	1	79	11	127
2020	Métis	60	22	4	9	4	0	0	83	13	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	30	8	3	2	0	0	87	5	3894
2019	Indigenous	44	29	16	6	4	0	0	74	10	112
2019	Métis	51	29	11	6	3	0	0	80	9	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	35	10	4	2	0	0	84	6	3584
2018	Indigenous	30	44	14	7	3	1	0	76	10	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	36	13	5	3	1	0	79	8	2629

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	20	7	3	1	6	7	88	4	115
2022	First Nations	53	25	10	2	0	6	4	87	2	40
2022	Métis	60	15	6	5	1	5	8	86	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	21	10	4	3	8	5	81	8	3965

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	24	12	1	1	5	6	84	2	115
2022	First Nations	46	31	14	0	2	4	4	83	2	40
2022	Métis	56	16	11	1	2	5	8	84	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	21	10	4	3	7	5	80	8	3965

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	20	19	4	2	12	2	71	7	115
2022	First Nations	36	29	12	5	3	15	0	77	9	40
2022	Métis	43	12	26	2	1	12	3	65	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	23	14	4	2	18	1	75	7	3970
2020	Indigenous	42	32	14	5	1	4	2	78	7	127
2020	Métis	48	26	15	4	1	3	3	79	5	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	31	14	2	2	7	1	80	4	3914

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	29	9	5	2	2	2	83	8	115
2022	First Nations	50	36	7	4	2	0	0	86	7	40
2022	Métis	51	24	11	8	3	3	1	78	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	26	8	4	3	6	4	83	7	3960
2020	Indigenous	54	23	7	8	3	2	3	81	12	127
2020	Métis	60	16	8	7	5	0	3	79	13	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	27	10	4	3	4	2	82	7	3892

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	15	25	4	6	30	6	45	15	115
2022	First Nations	17	20	22	0	5	29	8	58	8	40
2022	Métis	12	11	28	6	6	33	5	37	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	15	21	3	3	40	6	50	11	3965

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	5	22	11	27	30	0	14	54	55

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	28	11	5	4	6	7	77	10	115
2022	First Nations	32	32	9	7	8	2	10	74	16	40
2022	Métis	45	24	13	4	2	5	6	78	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	29	13	5	3	7	7	76	9	3960
2020	Indigenous	31	23	17	11	6	7	5	61	20	127
2020	Métis	32	22	15	14	3	7	8	63	20	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	30	16	6	4	6	5	71	11	3910
2019	Indigenous	28	31	24	5	5	5	2	63	11	111
2019	Métis	31	34	18	3	5	7	1	71	9	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	28	15	6	4	5	4	72	11	3585
2018	Indigenous	24	31	26	6	7	5	2	59	14	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	19	8	5	7	4	65	14	2638

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	27	20	8	6	1	1	66	13	115
2022	First Nations	31	27	25	12	5	0	0	58	17	40
2022	Métis	41	27	19	3	6	2	1	71	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	36	13	7	4	3	1	76	11	3965
2020	Indigenous	40	30	9	9	7	3	2	74	17	126
2020	Métis	46	33	9	6	3	2	2	81	9	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	35	12	6	3	3	2	77	10	3914
2019	Indigenous	29	28	19	13	3	6	2	62	18	110
2019	Métis	33	28	16	17	1	3	1	64	19	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	35	16	8	5	3	1	71	13	3585
2018	Indigenous	26	35	14	13	7	3	2	65	20	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	37	16	9	4	4	1	70	14	2639

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	29	13	8	4	1	0	75	12	115
2022	First Nations	55	21	14	8	3	0	0	75	11	40
2022	Métis	41	33	13	7	5	1	0	75	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	36	15	4	3	2	0	78	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	38	32	15	6	4	3	2	73	12	127
2020	Métis	40	31	12	6	5	3	3	75	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	15	4	2	2	0	78	6	3901
2019	Indigenous	30	33	25	9	1	2	0	65	10	112
2019	Métis	34	32	24	7	1	1	0	67	8	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	36	21	5	3	2	0	70	9	3578
2018	Indigenous	26	32	28	9	3	2	0	59	12	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	37	21	7	3	2	0	68	10	2631

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	21	18	9	9	9	4	59	20	115
2022	First Nations	32	25	17	10	8	6	0	62	20	40
2022	Métis	32	15	19	7	11	9	6	56	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	24	18	9	7	13	4	60	19	3965
2020	Indigenous	25	24	13	8	15	11	4	57	27	127
2020	Métis	27	23	16	5	16	11	2	58	24	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	25	19	9	8	11	3	59	19	3901
2019	Indigenous	22	22	22	13	11	9	2	49	27	111
2019	Métis	22	26	20	16	7	6	3	53	26	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	25	22	10	10	11	2	52	23	3578
2018	Indigenous	15	25	20	11	19	9	1	44	33	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	23	22	12	11	12	2	47	27	2636

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	34	4	8	3	85	11	115
2022	First Nations	53	37	2	4	3	91	7	40
2022	Métis	49	33	6	8	4	82	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	36	3	5	2	90	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	42	42	5	9	2	84	11	127
2020	Métis	43	41	7	7	1	84	9	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	38	4	7	2	88	9	3914

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	26	10	7	4	1	0	78	12	115
2022	First Nations	59	18	7	12	5	0	0	77	16	40
2022	Métis	51	30	8	4	4	2	0	84	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	26	7	5	3	1	4	84	9	3965
2020	Indigenous	50	28	7	9	3	1	1	79	13	127
2020	Métis	47	27	8	11	3	2	3	78	14	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	33	9	8	3	0	1	81	10	3913
2019	Indigenous	43	26	8	13	8	0	1	71	21	112
2019	Métis	46	23	10	12	9	0	0	69	21	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	32	8	8	4	0	0	80	12	3587

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	27	11	6	3	1	2	81	9	115
2022	First Nations	50	31	7	7	3	0	3	83	10	40
2022	Métis	55	22	13	5	2	1	2	80	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	30	7	4	2	0	1	87	6	3965
2020	Indigenous	51	32	8	5	4	0	0	83	9	126
2020	Métis	55	31	6	6	2	0	0	86	8	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	34	9	5	2	0	0	84	7	3881
2019	Indigenous	47	35	10	4	3	0	2	84	7	110
2019	Métis	54	26	11	6	1	0	1	82	7	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	34	10	6	2	0	0	81	8	3566

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	17	8	2	1	1	0	90	2	115
2022	First Nations	74	21	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	40
2022	Métis	73	13	10	2	1	1	0	87	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	19	4	1	1	1	0	94	2	3970
2020	Indigenous	69	21	3	2	2	1	1	92	5	125
2020	Métis	61	27	3	4	3	2	0	90	7	68
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	17	3	2	1	1	1	93	3	3905

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	87	6	1	4	2	0	1	94	5	115
2022	First Nations	87	6	0	3	2	0	2	95	5	40
2022	Métis	86	7	1	4	1	0	0	93	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	9	2	1	2	0	1	95	3	3970
2019	Indigenous	80	13	4	2	0	1	0	94	2	111
2019	Métis	81	14	3	1	0	0	0	96	1	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	11	4	1	1	0	1	93	3	3582

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	21	11	4	1	1	1	83	6	115
2022	First Nations	68	21	8	2	0	0	0	89	2	40
2022	Métis	56	21	14	5	1	2	2	79	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	25	11	4	2	4	1	83	6	3970
2020	Indigenous	50	24	10	7	3	6	1	79	11	126
2020	Métis	47	23	10	10	4	6	0	74	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	26	13	4	2	5	1	80	6	3915
2019	Indigenous	42	27	16	3	2	9	1	77	5	112
2019	Métis	43	28	17	3	1	7	1	77	4	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	5	2	6	1	81	7	3592

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	Métis	14	86	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	3970
2020	Indigenous	18	82	126
2020	Métis	21	79	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	3919
2019	Indigenous	13	87	112
2019	Métis	13	87	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	3590
2018	Indigenous	16	84	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2640

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	15
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	310
2020	Indigenous	49	51	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	343
2019	Indigenous	51	49	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	345
2018	Indigenous	45	55	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	270

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	15
2022	Métis	72	28	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	36	310
2020	Indigenous	74	26	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	37	343

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	345

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Métis	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	310
2018	Indigenous	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	270

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	15
2022	Métis	14	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	310

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Métis	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	345
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	270

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310
2020	Indigenous	0	100	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	343
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	270

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	15
2022	Métis	48	52	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	310
2020	Indigenous	50	50	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	343
2019	Indigenous	35	65	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	343
2018	Indigenous	47	53	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	270

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	15
2022	Métis	66	34	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	310
2020	Indigenous	56	44	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	343
2019	Indigenous	42	58	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	343
2018	Indigenous	36	64	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	270

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	15
2022	Métis	67	33	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	310
2020	Indigenous	75	25	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	343
2019	Indigenous	42	58	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	343
2018	Indigenous	38	62	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	270

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	15
2022	Métis	35	65	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	310
2020	Indigenous	67	33	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	343
2019	Indigenous	58	42	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	343
2018	Indigenous	48	52	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	270

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	15
2022	Métis	56	44	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	310
2020	Indigenous	48	52	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	343
2018	Indigenous	55	45	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	270

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	15
2022	Métis	56	44	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	310
2020	Indigenous	64	36	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	343
2019	Indigenous	58	42	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	343
2018	Indigenous	64	36	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	270

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	15
2022	Métis	31	69	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	310
2020	Indigenous	50	50	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	343
2019	Indigenous	35	65	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	343
2018	Indigenous	54	46	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	70	270

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	343

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	343
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	270

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	343

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	48	15
2022	Métis	48	52	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	310
2020	Indigenous	58	42	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	343
2018	Indigenous	55	45	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	47	270

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	15
2022	Métis	24	76	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	310
2020	Indigenous	20	80	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	343
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	343

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	310
2020	Indigenous	28	72	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	343
2019	Indigenous	43	57	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	343

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	15
2022	Métis	36	64	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	310
2020	Indigenous	67	33	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	343
2019	Indigenous	62	38	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	43	342
2018	Indigenous	60	40	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	41	270

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	15
2022	Métis	28	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	310
2020	Indigenous	44	56	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	343
2018	Indigenous	50	50	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	76	270

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Métis	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	270

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Métis	16	84	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	310
2019	Indigenous	45	55	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	342

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	342

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Métis	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	342

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Métis	10	90	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	310
2018	Indigenous	36	64	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	270

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	15
2022	Métis	32	68	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	310
2020	Indigenous	27	73	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	343

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	15
2022	Métis	40	60	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	310

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	295

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	295
2018	Indigenous	0	100	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	253

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	295

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	295

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	295

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	295

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	295
2018	Indigenous	34	66	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	253

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	295
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	329

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	295

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	295
2019	Indigenous	37	63	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	64	329

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	295

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	32	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	295
2019	Indigenous	52	48	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	329
2018	Indigenous	44	56	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	253

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	295
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	329

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	295
2019	Indigenous	53	47	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	329
2018	Indigenous	41	59	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	42	253

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	295

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	295

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	9	13	6	5	34	15	52	22	115
2022	First Nations	15	16	24	9	0	24	12	49	14	40
2022	Métis	20	3	10	7	8	37	15	47	33	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	12	12	2	2	40	13	64	10	3965
2020	Indigenous	23	14	22	7	6	23	5	52	18	127
2020	Métis	25	14	20	5	7	20	8	55	17	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	16	17	4	3	30	9	63	10	3912
2019	Indigenous	19	11	28	5	2	24	10	46	11	111
2019	Métis	21	12	28	7	1	22	9	47	13	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	15	20	4	4	27	9	56	12	3593
2018	Indigenous	21	16	18	4	9	30	1	55	19	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	14	24	4	4	29	7	50	12	2635

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	25	12	8	2	8	4	75	12	115
2022	First Nations	50	21	20	2	0	5	3	77	2	40
2022	Métis	37	24	10	12	4	8	5	70	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	29	11	3	2	16	3	80	6	3965
2020	Indigenous	34	27	18	6	4	10	0	68	12	127
2020	Métis	39	31	11	7	4	8	0	76	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	30	14	3	2	10	2	77	7	3909
2019	Indigenous	33	29	24	5	3	7	0	67	8	111
2019	Métis	38	27	26	4	1	3	0	67	6	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	28	17	4	3	12	1	73	7	3592
2018	Indigenous	32	26	17	9	7	10	0	64	17	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	30	22	4	3	12	1	67	8	2638

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	First Nations	14	86	40
2022	Métis	9	91	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3970
2020	Indigenous	17	83	127
2020	Métis	18	82	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3912
2019	Indigenous	6	94	112
2019	Métis	7	93	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3592
2018	Indigenous	12	88	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2628

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	235
2020	Indigenous	34	66	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	230

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	25	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	235

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	235
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	148

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	235

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	235

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	235
2020	Indigenous	0	100	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	230

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	235

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	235

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	235
2020	Indigenous	29	71	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	230

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	235

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	235

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	235
2020	Indigenous	43	57	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	230

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	235
2020	Indigenous	29	71	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	230

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	235
2020	Indigenous	0	100	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	230
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	148

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	235
2020	Indigenous	0	100	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	230

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	235

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	235

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	235

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	235

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	235
2018	Indigenous	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	148

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	235
2020	Indigenous	36	64	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	77	230

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	235

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	235
2020	Indigenous	29	71	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	230

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	235

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	235

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	235

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	235

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	235

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	235

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	35	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	235
2020	Indigenous	47	53	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	230

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	220

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	220

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	220

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	220

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	220

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	220

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	220

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	220

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	32	220

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	220

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	220

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	9	20	5	2	36	10	50	13	115
2022	First Nations	22	6	26	9	0	27	10	45	14	40
2022	Métis	16	8	22	2	4	39	9	45	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	12	15	2	2	40	9	64	7	3970
2020	Indigenous	25	11	23	7	5	25	5	50	17	127
2020	Métis	26	11	24	9	6	16	7	49	19	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	16	17	2	2	32	8	65	7	3905
2019	Indigenous	24	12	26	4	1	26	9	54	7	112
2019	Métis	27	13	25	6	1	23	6	55	10	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	14	21	2	2	31	8	59	7	3589
2018	Indigenous	23	15	21	6	7	26	2	54	17	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	14	25	2	3	31	7	52	8	2634

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	23	14	5	3	8	3	76	9	115
2022	First Nations	53	21	17	4	0	3	3	78	4	40
2022	Métis	40	20	14	7	4	11	3	71	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	30	13	2	2	15	2	79	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	34	23	18	8	4	12	1	66	13	126
2020	Métis	38	25	15	8	6	7	2	69	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	29	14	2	2	10	2	79	5	3908
2019	Indigenous	37	26	21	2	3	10	2	71	5	112
2019	Métis	38	27	23	3	1	6	1	70	5	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	26	18	3	2	14	2	74	5	3586
2018	Indigenous	30	24	22	5	7	13	0	62	13	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	29	22	3	2	14	2	68	6	2635

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	115
2022	First Nations	28	72	40
2022	Métis	16	84	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	3965
2020	Indigenous	17	83	127
2020	Métis	18	82	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	3899
2019	Indigenous	19	81	112
2019	Métis	21	79	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	3586

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	20
2022	First Nations	45	55	10
2022	Métis	72	28	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	410
2020	Indigenous	73	27	22
2020	Métis	53	47	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	510

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	30	20
2022	First Nations	73	27	10
2022	Métis	70	30	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	405
2020	Indigenous	76	24	21
2020	Métis	85	15	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	23	511
2019	Indigenous	85	15	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	83	17	511

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	42	7	9	6	0	78	16	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	38	6	4	3	1	87	7	310
2020	Indigenous	75	19	0	6	0	0	94	6	16
2020	Métis	72	19	0	9	0	0	91	9	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	31	8	4	2	1	85	6	396
2019	Indigenous	48	32	0	7	13	0	80	20	16
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	29	5	6	4	0	85	10	417

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	29	6	4	0	1	0	91	4	115
2022	First Nations	69	21	5	2	0	3	0	92	2	40
2022	Métis	60	29	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	28	5	3	1	3	3	90	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	52	20	11	8	5	2	3	76	13	127
2020	Métis	56	21	10	6	4	0	3	79	10	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	27	7	3	2	2	3	87	5	3915

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	32	2	0	23	40
2022	First Nations	40	53	0	0	7	10
2022	Métis	49	23	3	0	25	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	26	7	3	22	1430

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	45
2022	First Nations	52	48	15
2022	Métis	64	36	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	1530

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	45
2022	First Nations	45	55	15
2022	Métis	30	70	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	1530

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	45
2022	First Nations	42	58	15
2022	Métis	50	50	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	1530

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	45
2022	First Nations	36	64	15
2022	Métis	24	76	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	1530

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	45
2022	First Nations	29	71	15
2022	Métis	12	88	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	1530

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	45
2022	First Nations	21	79	15
2022	Métis	25	75	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	1530

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	45
2022	First Nations	15	85	15
2022	Métis	15	85	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1530

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	45
2022	First Nations	23	77	15
2022	Métis	22	78	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	1530

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	45
2022	First Nations	7	93	15
2022	Métis	11	89	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1530

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	45
2022	First Nations	20	80	15
2022	Métis	16	84	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1530

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	45
2022	First Nations	28	72	15
2022	Métis	17	83	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1530

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	45
2022	First Nations	7	93	15
2022	Métis	17	83	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1530

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	45
2022	First Nations	21	79	15
2022	Métis	20	80	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1530

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	24	2	0	0	0	0	98	0	45
2022	First Nations	73	27	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	74	23	3	0	0	0	0	97	0	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	79	12	3	1	1	1	3	94	3	1530

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	7	9	22	57	0	2	80	10	45
2022	First Nations	0	0	0	37	56	0	6	100	0	15
2022	Métis	2	7	14	14	59	0	3	75	10	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	12	17	13	47	3	4	64	18	1530

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	12	25	11	44	0	0	54	21	45
2022	First Nations	12	14	13	19	41	0	0	61	26	15
2022	Métis	9	9	29	3	49	0	0	52	19	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	16	18	16	38	3	2	57	24	1530

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	26	5	6	2	0	0	87	8	115
2022	First Nations	60	28	7	2	3	0	0	88	5	40
2022	Métis	63	21	4	10	1	0	0	85	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	25	6	3	4	1	1	88	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	48	28	9	8	7	1	0	77	15	126
2020	Métis	54	22	5	9	8	1	0	77	18	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	27	8	5	4	1	0	82	9	3900

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	4	12	6	46	2	28	74	9	115
2022	First Nations	4	4	12	3	44	4	29	70	13	40
2022	Métis	3	5	11	9	46	0	27	75	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	4	10	6	44	6	26	74	11	3955

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	32	13	8	3	1	2	76	11	115
2022	First Nations	41	28	21	7	3	0	0	69	10	40
2022	Métis	41	29	9	12	4	2	3	74	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	38	11	5	3	4	0	81	8	3965
2020	Indigenous	41	40	11	2	4	2	0	83	6	127
2020	Métis	44	39	6	3	7	2	0	84	10	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	36	10	3	1	2	0	85	5	3904
2019	Indigenous	31	38	21	6	1	2	0	71	7	112
2019	Métis	33	39	19	6	0	3	0	74	6	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	38	17	5	2	5	0	75	8	3585
2018	Indigenous	26	29	24	13	6	2	0	56	19	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	37	22	7	3	6	0	66	11	2637

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	31	26	17	11	115
2022	First Nations	14	35	20	24	7	40
2022	Métis	16	29	27	16	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	30	34	16	5	3965

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	18	9	5	2	2	0	85	6	115
2022	First Nations	63	17	8	7	3	2	0	82	10	40
2022	Métis	69	14	10	5	1	2	0	84	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	25	7	2	2	3	1	88	4	3970
2020	Indigenous	47	26	12	6	5	3	1	77	11	126
2020	Métis	52	24	10	5	7	3	0	78	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	25	11	4	2	3	1	82	6	3895

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	23	4	13	4	0	0	79	17	115
2022	First Nations	55	22	4	11	8	0	0	77	19	40
2022	Métis	58	22	2	16	1	0	0	80	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	8	7	5	2	1	79	12	3970
2020	Indigenous	38	29	9	12	11	1	0	68	23	127
2020	Métis	41	30	5	10	13	1	0	71	23	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	27	11	9	7	1	1	73	16	3904

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	34	12	9	4	2	1	74	13	115
2022	First Nations	42	30	7	14	3	2	3	76	17	40
2022	Métis	38	33	17	7	5	1	0	71	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	11	7	5	2	0	77	11	3970
2020	Indigenous	33	29	15	12	10	0	1	63	22	127
2020	Métis	36	29	14	9	9	0	2	66	19	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	33	14	7	4	1	0	75	11	3910
2019	Indigenous	26	30	23	14	6	1	0	56	21	111
2019	Métis	29	31	21	16	3	0	0	60	19	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	37	19	10	5	2	0	65	15	3585
2018	Indigenous	21	37	20	12	9	2	0	58	21	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	34	21	13	6	4	0	58	20	2640

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	45	12	11	0	6	3	74	12	40
2022	Métis	23	35	16	17	0	5	4	64	19	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	48	11	8	3	1	0	77	11	1305
2020	Indigenous	36	40	15	8	2	0	0	76	10	41
2020	First Nations	32	49	9	9	0	0	0	81	9	12
2020	Métis	37	35	18	8	3	0	0	72	11	27
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	45	14	8	2	1	0	76	10	1195
2019	Indigenous	39	34	9	12	3	3	0	75	16	34
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	40	16	10	2	3	3	69	13	1026

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	24	15	10	17	0	1	58	27	115
2022	First Nations	32	34	5	9	20	0	0	66	29	40
2022	Métis	31	23	19	12	14	0	1	55	26	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	27	16	8	10	1	3	66	18	3955
2020	Indigenous	26	26	28	14	4	1	2	54	18	127
2020	Métis	26	23	32	12	2	2	3	51	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	28	19	10	8	0	1	62	19	3902
2019	Indigenous	26	22	19	11	20	0	2	49	32	111
2019	Métis	27	21	19	10	23	0	0	48	33	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	25	22	12	14	0	1	51	27	3588
2018	Indigenous	22	19	19	15	24	0	1	41	39	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	24	24	13	16	0	2	45	30	2640

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	23	21	15	10	1	54	25	115
2022	First Nations	29	23	21	16	9	3	53	25	40
2022	Métis	31	23	21	14	11	0	55	25	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	28	24	11	11	1	54	22	3945
2020	Indigenous	21	23	25	17	13	1	45	30	127
2020	Métis	25	23	24	16	11	0	48	28	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	26	26	15	10	0	48	26	3912
2019	Indigenous	27	21	31	9	12	0	48	21	111
2019	Métis	28	21	31	10	10	0	49	20	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	28	25	14	9	1	52	23	3583
2018	Indigenous	15	27	30	15	13	1	42	28	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	27	28	15	10	1	46	25	2632

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	20	17	11	13	0	3	58	24	115
2022	First Nations	39	23	19	6	10	0	3	64	17	40
2022	Métis	35	18	18	12	15	0	3	54	27	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	30	20	10	8	1	2	61	19	3945
2020	Indigenous	26	23	28	15	7	0	1	50	22	125
2020	Métis	30	24	27	12	7	0	0	54	18	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	30	21	13	9	0	1	57	22	3905
2019	Indigenous	30	20	27	13	8	0	1	51	21	112
2019	Métis	33	20	24	13	9	0	1	53	22	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	30	20	14	8	0	1	57	22	3565
2018	Indigenous	19	31	25	13	13	0	0	49	26	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	29	25	15	10	1	1	49	25	2631

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	26	17	13	13	0	1	57	27	115
2022	First Nations	29	25	19	10	15	0	3	55	25	40
2022	Métis	32	24	15	17	12	0	0	56	29	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	25	22	13	12	1	2	51	26	3960
2020	Indigenous	23	23	26	12	13	2	1	48	26	125
2020	Métis	28	18	33	12	8	2	0	46	20	68
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	26	21	15	13	1	1	51	28	3901
2019	Indigenous	21	22	20	20	16	0	0	43	37	110
2019	Métis	22	26	16	24	13	0	0	47	37	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	22	16	14	1	1	47	31	3572
2018	Indigenous	13	22	24	16	24	0	2	35	40	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	24	23	19	15	1	1	41	35	2635

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	22	8	6	4	0	8	81	10	115
2022	First Nations	47	31	4	4	3	0	12	88	8	40
2022	Métis	54	19	9	7	4	0	8	79	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	23	11	5	4	1	6	79	9	3965
2020	Indigenous	43	27	19	8	3	0	1	71	10	127
2020	Métis	44	27	17	8	2	0	1	72	10	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	25	14	8	5	0	3	72	13	3897
2019	Indigenous	51	19	18	4	6	0	2	71	11	112
2019	Métis	54	18	16	7	4	0	1	73	11	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	25	12	5	4	0	5	78	10	3578
2018	Indigenous	41	22	16	6	6	0	9	69	13	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	27	15	6	4	1	6	73	11	2628

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	23	14	7	7	0	1	72	14	115
2022	First Nations	48	28	18	2	2	0	2	78	4	40
2022	Métis	49	21	13	7	11	0	0	69	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	26	15	8	8	1	1	69	16	3960
2020	Indigenous	28	33	24	8	7	0	0	61	15	127
2020	Métis	28	35	22	7	8	0	0	63	15	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	29	19	11	8	0	0	62	18	3909
2019	Indigenous	40	25	16	11	9	0	0	64	19	111
2019	Métis	38	28	14	12	7	0	0	66	19	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	29	17	7	6	0	1	69	14	3583
2018	Indigenous	30	22	21	14	10	0	2	53	25	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	28	19	9	7	1	1	64	17	2632

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	24	17	11	7	0	1	65	18	115
2022	First Nations	40	19	18	10	10	0	3	61	21	40
2022	Métis	44	24	15	9	7	0	0	68	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	32	16	6	5	1	2	71	12	3955
2020	Indigenous	31	27	23	13	5	0	1	59	18	127
2020	Métis	36	21	24	11	7	0	0	57	18	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	35	18	6	4	1	1	71	11	3907
2019	Indigenous	32	26	25	10	6	0	1	58	17	111
2019	Métis	36	20	27	14	3	0	1	56	17	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	35	19	9	5	1	1	66	14	3580
2018	Indigenous	20	35	16	18	9	0	1	56	28	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	33	24	11	6	1	1	58	17	2628

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	21	22	18	7	0	1	53	25	115
2022	First Nations	32	18	24	19	6	0	3	51	25	40
2022	Métis	32	25	19	16	8	0	0	57	24	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	31	20	11	9	1	1	60	20	3955
2020	Indigenous	26	22	23	20	9	0	1	48	29	125
2020	Métis	30	22	24	18	6	0	0	52	24	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	23	12	7	0	1	58	18	3906
2019	Indigenous	22	20	23	19	14	0	1	43	33	111
2019	Métis	24	22	25	18	8	0	1	47	27	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	31	24	14	8	1	1	53	22	3579
2018	Indigenous	14	26	18	24	18	0	0	40	41	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	29	26	16	10	1	1	46	27	2623

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	27	17	11	7	0	0	65	18	115
2022	First Nations	31	28	22	12	7	0	0	58	19	40
2022	Métis	44	24	14	12	7	0	0	67	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	32	17	9	8	1	1	66	17	3965
2020	Indigenous	30	24	26	12	8	0	0	54	20	126
2020	Métis	36	20	20	17	7	0	0	56	24	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	19	11	6	0	1	64	17	3902
2019	Indigenous	26	24	25	10	15	0	1	50	25	111
2019	Métis	31	26	20	10	11	0	1	58	21	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	29	23	12	9	1	1	56	21	3570
2018	Indigenous	22	22	19	22	14	0	0	44	37	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	27	26	16	10	1	1	47	26	2617

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	24	10	4	5	1	4	80	9	115
2022	First Nations	48	31	5	3	7	2	5	84	11	40
2022	Métis	57	19	10	6	4	0	3	79	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	24	12	5	5	1	2	78	10	3955
2020	Indigenous	45	20	18	7	10	0	0	65	17	126
2020	Métis	51	17	19	6	8	0	0	67	14	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	27	12	6	4	1	1	77	11	3897
2019	Indigenous	43	26	14	7	9	0	1	70	16	111
2019	Métis	50	25	10	5	9	0	0	76	14	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	27	13	7	5	1	1	74	13	3572

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	19	11	7	3	1	79	9	115
2022	First Nations	63	14	12	4	5	2	78	10	40
2022	Métis	58	21	11	8	1	1	80	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	24	11	3	3	2	83	6	3960
2020	Indigenous	38	24	22	9	8	0	61	16	127
2020	Métis	36	25	27	6	7	0	61	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	31	19	8	4	1	68	13	3907

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	27	17	11	6	0	1	66	17	115
2022	First Nations	38	26	24	11	0	0	2	65	11	40
2022	Métis	38	24	15	12	10	0	1	63	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	31	17	9	7	1	1	67	16	3955
2020	Indigenous	34	31	21	8	6	0	0	65	14	127
2020	Métis	35	31	22	7	6	0	0	66	12	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	31	20	10	5	0	0	64	16	3906
2019	Indigenous	33	27	19	13	7	0	1	61	20	111
2019	Métis	34	32	16	14	4	0	0	66	19	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	31	20	9	5	1	1	65	14	3566
2018	Indigenous	22	26	23	23	5	0	1	49	28	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	31	23	11	6	1	1	58	18	2613

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	15	7	4	5	2	3	83	10	115
2022	First Nations	63	9	9	4	2	5	6	82	8	40
2022	Métis	68	15	6	3	6	0	2	84	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	15	7	3	5	1	5	84	9	3945
2020	Indigenous	58	15	17	2	6	1	2	75	8	124
2020	Métis	60	17	13	4	4	0	2	78	9	69
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	24	11	4	2	0	2	83	6	3885
2019	Indigenous	59	25	5	7	2	0	1	86	9	110
2019	Métis	63	23	3	10	1	0	0	86	11	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	21	10	3	3	0	2	83	6	3571
2018	Indigenous	55	18	14	9	3	0	1	74	12	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	22	11	5	4	0	2	79	9	2606

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	16	7	3	3	2	87	6	115
2022	First Nations	62	27	7	2	3	0	89	4	40
2022	Métis	73	9	8	3	3	3	85	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	24	7	3	2	1	88	5	3950
2020	Indigenous	49	24	21	3	3	0	73	6	126
2020	Métis	50	26	15	5	4	0	76	9	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	31	13	5	3	0	79	7	3888

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	11	3	0	4	1	3	93	4	115
2022	First Nations	82	14	2	0	2	0	0	96	2	40
2022	Métis	73	10	4	0	5	2	5	90	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	10	4	1	2	1	9	93	3	3960
2020	Indigenous	62	20	10	5	1	0	2	83	6	127
2020	Métis	65	16	11	4	3	0	2	82	7	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	16	6	2	1	0	5	90	3	3886
2019	Indigenous	62	20	5	5	4	0	4	86	9	110
2019	Métis	60	23	3	6	3	0	5	88	9	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	13	6	2	2	1	6	90	4	3565
2018	Indigenous	60	18	11	3	4	2	1	81	8	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	16	7	3	3	1	4	85	7	2613

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	10	3	2	3	0	3	91	6	115
2022	First Nations	77	7	5	6	2	0	3	86	8	40
2022	Métis	76	13	2	1	4	0	3	92	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	7	4	2	3	2	5	91	5	3955
2020	Indigenous	68	11	11	6	3	1	0	80	9	127
2020	Métis	62	14	11	9	4	1	0	76	13	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	79	9	4	2	2	1	3	91	4	3883
2019	Indigenous	77	6	6	4	5	2	0	85	9	112
2019	Métis	81	4	4	4	6	0	0	86	10	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	10	5	2	3	1	3	89	6	3583
2018	Indigenous	68	13	6	6	3	1	2	84	9	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	73	11	5	3	3	1	5	89	6	2623

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	21	7	2	0	0	1	91	2	115
2022	First Nations	67	19	10	2	0	0	2	88	2	40
2022	Métis	70	22	3	4	0	0	1	93	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	18	5	2	2	1	3	90	4	3960
2020	Indigenous	65	21	8	4	3	0	0	85	7	127
2020	Métis	65	17	9	6	3	0	0	82	9	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	18	6	2	1	0	2	91	4	3879
2019	Indigenous	69	17	6	5	2	1	0	87	6	111
2019	Métis	74	13	7	3	3	0	0	87	6	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	21	7	3	2	0	2	88	5	3566
2018	Indigenous	62	25	6	3	0	0	3	90	4	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	22	8	3	2	0	2	87	5	2634

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	12	9	5	0	0	1	86	5	115
2022	First Nations	71	10	13	5	0	0	2	83	5	40
2022	Métis	75	11	6	7	0	0	1	87	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	14	5	3	4	1	3	88	7	3960
2020	Indigenous	64	14	7	7	7	0	0	78	15	127
2020	Métis	66	12	5	7	9	0	0	78	16	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	14	7	3	3	0	2	87	6	3891
2019	Indigenous	66	17	4	9	3	1	0	84	12	112
2019	Métis	72	16	4	8	0	0	0	87	8	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	16	7	5	4	0	2	84	9	3573
2018	Indigenous	57	21	8	4	7	0	3	80	11	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	19	9	5	4	1	2	81	10	2626

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	8	3	1	1	0	16	94	2	115
2022	First Nations	70	7	0	0	2	0	22	98	2	40
2022	Métis	71	8	3	2	0	0	15	94	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	10	4	2	1	0	18	92	3	3955
2020	Indigenous	62	13	7	2	2	0	15	88	4	127
2020	Métis	58	14	10	2	4	0	12	82	6	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	11	5	1	1	0	17	92	2	3895
2019	Indigenous	67	10	5	1	2	1	14	91	3	111
2019	Métis	68	14	3	1	1	0	13	94	3	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	11	4	2	1	0	19	92	3	3560
2018	Indigenous	51	18	9	2	0	0	20	87	2	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	13	5	2	0	1	23	91	3	2614

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	11	8	2	2	0	2	88	4	115
2022	First Nations	79	7	7	3	2	0	2	88	5	40
2022	Métis	71	15	7	1	4	0	2	88	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	15	5	2	1	1	5	91	3	3955
2020	Indigenous	68	21	9	1	1	0	0	89	2	127
2020	Métis	63	23	11	0	3	0	0	86	3	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	17	6	2	1	0	3	91	3	3910
2019	Indigenous	70	15	9	2	0	1	3	89	2	112
2019	Métis	76	16	4	3	0	0	1	93	3	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	17	6	3	1	1	4	90	4	3568
2018	Indigenous	60	21	8	4	2	0	5	85	7	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	62	19	8	3	2	0	6	87	4	2623

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	83	8	4	2	2	0	1	92	4	115
2022	First Nations	81	8	5	2	3	0	2	90	5	40
2022	Métis	84	8	4	2	2	0	1	93	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	12	4	2	3	1	3	91	5	3965
2020	Indigenous	75	7	6	3	7	0	1	83	11	127
2020	Métis	80	9	6	0	6	0	0	88	6	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	72	15	6	3	3	0	2	89	6	3914
2019	Indigenous	75	12	5	3	3	0	1	88	6	112
2019	Métis	84	10	1	5	0	0	0	94	5	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	73	14	5	2	3	1	2	89	6	3584
2018	Indigenous	60	17	11	4	2	0	5	82	6	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	15	7	3	3	1	4	86	7	2634

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	22	12	5	4	0	2	79	9	115
2022	First Nations	62	13	11	7	5	0	3	77	12	40
2022	Métis	52	28	11	6	3	0	1	80	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	25	12	4	3	0	3	81	7	3965
2020	Indigenous	54	22	18	1	4	1	0	77	5	127
2020	Métis	52	27	16	0	4	0	0	80	4	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	28	14	5	3	0	2	78	7	3914
2019	Indigenous	61	22	10	4	2	1	1	84	6	112
2019	Métis	64	16	12	3	3	0	1	82	6	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	23	11	3	2	0	2	84	5	3580
2018	Indigenous	45	32	12	9	1	0	1	77	10	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	26	12	4	2	0	3	81	6	2630

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	32	32	11	7	1	50	18	115
2022	First Nations	22	33	27	14	5	0	55	19	40
2022	Métis	15	36	30	8	9	2	52	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	35	34	11	5	0	50	15	3970
2020	Indigenous	11	34	38	9	9	0	44	17	127
2020	Métis	13	34	39	4	9	0	48	13	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	34	33	11	4	0	51	16	3913
2019	Indigenous	16	30	33	16	4	0	47	20	111
2019	Métis	17	31	36	15	1	0	48	16	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	33	33	12	4	0	51	16	3596
2018	Indigenous	12	29	31	20	6	1	41	27	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	32	36	13	5	0	46	18	2643

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	20	29	28	16	0	44	27	115
2022	First Nations	7	19	34	28	12	0	41	26	40
2022	Métis	8	21	24	27	20	0	47	29	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	15	37	24	15	0	40	23	3960
2020	Indigenous	13	25	32	22	7	1	30	39	127
2020	Métis	12	27	32	22	7	0	29	39	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	19	37	23	11	0	34	29	3909
2019	Indigenous	10	21	32	25	11	1	36	32	111
2019	Métis	10	21	33	27	7	1	35	32	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	16	37	24	12	0	37	26	3566
2018	Indigenous	13	29	27	18	12	0	31	42	95
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	19	38	23	11	0	34	28	2611

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	59	11	0	115
2022	First Nations	26	57	16	0	40
2022	Métis	29	62	10	0	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	64	13	2	3970
2020	Indigenous	36	45	18	1	127
2020	Métis	35	49	15	0	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	52	17	2	3924

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	35
2022	First Nations	25	75	10
2022	Métis	17	83	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	820
2020	Indigenous	32	68	46
2020	Métis	32	68	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	1185

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	21	9	7	11	3	14	68	21	115
2022	First Nations	31	19	16	5	9	2	18	63	18	40
2022	Métis	40	21	5	9	10	3	12	72	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	16	11	5	7	3	16	72	15	3970
2020	Indigenous	40	16	14	10	13	3	4	60	25	127
2020	Métis	45	18	9	10	14	2	2	65	25	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	19	14	8	8	2	7	66	18	3920
2019	Indigenous	29	10	23	17	13	2	6	42	33	110
2019	Métis	34	15	21	12	13	1	5	52	26	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	19	15	10	12	1	6	61	23	3530
2018	Indigenous	40	14	16	12	13	1	6	57	26	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	17	15	11	13	1	6	57	26	2639

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	15	16	20	25	0	14	30	52	35
2022	First Nations	8	30	0	9	37	0	15	46	54	10
2022	Métis	8	9	20	25	22	0	15	20	56	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	20	15	18	26	2	7	36	47	820
2020	Indigenous	13	15	13	30	27	0	2	28	58	46
2020	Métis	15	19	8	33	24	0	0	34	58	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	23	18	18	21	1	5	39	42	1181

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	10	14	23	47	0	2	14	71	35
2022	First Nations	13	16	18	9	37	0	7	31	49	10
2022	Métis	0	8	14	27	51	0	0	8	78	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	20	11	20	38	1	2	29	59	820
2020	Indigenous	5	11	17	20	46	0	0	16	67	46
2020	Métis	4	8	19	21	47	0	0	13	68	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	19	16	22	32	0	1	29	55	1183

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Shared Services Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources