2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	35	13	4	4	0	1	79	7	175
2022	First Nations	49	37	6	4	2	0	1	87	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	42	16	10	7	0	0	67	16	20
2022	Métis	45	30	20	1	4	0	0	75	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	43	9	8	5	0	0	78	13	915
2020	Indigenous	37	41	9	10	3	0	0	78	13	190
2020	First Nations	41	35	8	10	6	0	0	76	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	41	21	10	0	0	0	69	10	29
2020	Métis	36	46	5	11	1	0	0	82	12	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	40	12	9	4	0	0	75	13	1070
2019	Indigenous	38	38	11	8	5	0	0	76	13	234
2019	First Nations	36	43	8	9	4	0	0	79	13	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	39	11	11	5	0	0	72	17	44
2019	Métis	41	34	13	5	6	1	0	75	12	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	42	13	8	5	0	0	74	13	1084
2018	Indigenous	31	38	11	13	7	0	0	69	20	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	43	13	7	5	0	0	75	13	1132

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	39	11	8	4	0	77	12	175
2022	First Nations	38	47	5	5	6	0	84	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	42	23	9	0	0	68	9	20
2022	Métis	44	27	17	9	3	0	71	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	37	11	8	6	0	74	14	915
2020	Indigenous	38	38	10	6	8	0	76	14	189
2020	First Nations	35	37	10	7	10	0	73	17	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	37	6	9	7	0	77	16	29
2020	Métis	40	39	12	3	7	0	79	10	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	9	4	0	74	14	1068
2019	Indigenous	33	37	13	12	5	0	70	17	233
2019	First Nations	30	41	13	12	3	0	71	16	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	39	10	11	7	0	71	19	44
2019	Métis	37	31	12	12	6	1	69	19	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	40	14	9	6	1	71	15	1079
2018	Indigenous	28	34	15	13	9	0	62	22	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	39	13	10	8	0	69	18	1132

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	31	8	4	0	1	1	88	4	175
2022	First Nations	62	27	4	4	0	1	1	91	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	50	24	10	0	0	0	67	10	20
2022	Métis	66	26	7	1	0	0	0	91	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	39	8	4	2	0	0	85	6	915
2020	Indigenous	51	34	9	5	1	0	0	85	6	188
2020	First Nations	50	31	10	5	4	0	0	81	9	78
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	28	21	7	0	0	0	72	7	29
2020	Métis	54	39	3	4	0	0	0	93	4	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	34	12	5	1	0	0	82	6	1066
2019	Indigenous	51	33	9	4	2	0	0	84	7	234
2019	First Nations	51	34	10	5	0	0	0	84	5	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	32	11	4	3	0	0	82	7	44
2019	Métis	52	33	7	4	4	1	0	85	8	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	38	11	5	3	0	0	81	7	1079
2018	Indigenous	48	31	13	6	3	0	0	79	9	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	38	11	6	2	0	0	82	7	1123

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	40	11	4	1	0	84	5	175
2022	First Nations	46	45	7	1	1	0	91	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	32	22	5	7	0	67	12	20
2022	Métis	45	38	12	5	0	0	83	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	39	12	6	4	0	78	10	915
2020	Indigenous	47	36	10	6	1	0	83	7	190
2020	First Nations	52	30	7	10	2	0	81	12	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	35	21	3	0	0	76	3	29
2020	Métis	43	43	10	4	0	0	86	4	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	39	11	7	3	0	79	10	1065
2019	Indigenous	43	37	12	5	2	0	81	7	234
2019	First Nations	42	39	12	7	1	0	80	8	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	39	9	1	3	0	87	4	43
2019	Métis	43	35	14	4	2	1	79	7	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	39	12	7	4	0	77	10	1085
2018	Indigenous	32	43	15	5	5	0	75	10	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	41	12	8	3	0	77	11	1129

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	36	15	9	5	1	71	14	175
2022	First Nations	33	38	15	8	5	1	71	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	34	13	13	0	0	73	13	20
2022	Métis	40	32	15	7	5	1	73	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	36	16	10	6	1	68	16	915
2020	Indigenous	43	29	14	8	7	0	72	15	189
2020	First Nations	33	30	18	13	6	0	63	19	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	28	11	6	0	0	84	6	28
2020	Métis	48	28	11	3	10	0	77	13	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	18	10	5	1	66	16	1068
2019	Indigenous	37	25	20	7	11	2	62	18	235
2019	First Nations	27	27	25	8	11	1	55	20	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	23	8	5	9	0	78	14	44
2019	Métis	39	24	18	5	12	2	64	17	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	32	21	12	8	1	58	21	1082
2018	Indigenous	28	27	21	12	10	1	56	23	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	20	12	7	1	59	20	1130

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	40	15	6	5	0	75	11	175
2022	First Nations	35	41	12	6	7	0	75	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	41	20	0	0	0	80	0	20
2022	Métis	39	34	18	5	4	0	73	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	36	15	10	6	1	69	16	915
2020	Indigenous	41	36	13	5	5	0	77	11	188
2020	First Nations	33	36	16	9	6	0	69	15	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	30	14	6	0	0	81	6	29
2020	Métis	45	37	10	1	7	0	81	9	76
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	36	17	10	5	0	68	15	1060
2019	Indigenous	37	28	18	7	9	1	65	16	233
2019	First Nations	26	35	21	9	9	0	61	18	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	31	7	4	5	0	84	9	43
2019	Métis	43	19	19	6	11	2	63	18	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	37	18	13	7	1	61	20	1081
2018	Indigenous	28	32	17	11	11	1	60	22	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	35	20	13	6	1	62	19	1130

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	29	17	7	9	3	0	66	17	175
2022	First Nations	32	30	18	7	8	5	0	65	16	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	41	14	9	10	0	0	67	20	20
2022	Métis	41	26	19	6	7	1	0	68	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	26	19	12	10	5	0	57	23	915
2020	Indigenous	40	27	14	7	10	1	1	68	17	189
2020	First Nations	37	27	11	8	14	0	3	66	22	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	25	18	7	2	0	0	73	9	28
2020	Métis	39	27	15	7	10	1	0	68	17	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	24	20	14	8	4	0	57	22	1068
2019	Indigenous	37	21	20	10	10	1	0	59	21	234
2019	First Nations	35	22	21	13	10	0	0	57	22	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	18	21	5	7	4	0	65	13	43
2019	Métis	38	22	15	10	13	1	1	61	24	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	26	21	14	11	4	0	51	27	1087
2018	Indigenous	26	24	20	12	15	3	1	52	28	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	25	21	14	10	4	0	52	26	1131

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	20	9	3	2	2	3	85	5	175
2022	First Nations	61	18	8	4	4	3	3	84	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	29	10	4	0	0	0	86	4	20
2022	Métis	65	17	9	1	0	3	4	89	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	26	10	2	1	1	3	86	4	915
2020	Indigenous	57	26	8	3	2	1	3	87	5	191
2020	First Nations	56	27	10	3	1	0	3	86	4	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	27	3	0	7	0	0	89	7	29
2020	Métis	56	24	8	4	1	1	6	86	6	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	24	10	3	2	1	2	84	5	1068
2019	Indigenous	47	29	12	5	4	1	2	79	9	235
2019	First Nations	47	33	10	4	3	0	2	82	7	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	23	10	7	2	0	0	81	9	44
2019	Métis	40	29	15	4	5	3	3	74	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	12	4	3	2	3	80	7	1087

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	26	6	4	4	0	2	86	8	175
2022	First Nations	62	28	0	5	5	0	0	90	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	32	14	5	0	0	4	81	5	20
2022	Métis	60	21	9	2	3	1	4	86	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	27	9	7	4	0	0	80	11	915
2020	Indigenous	52	29	6	6	7	0	0	81	13	190
2020	First Nations	48	29	5	7	11	0	0	77	18	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	55	24	11	6	4	0	0	80	9	29
2020	Métis	54	30	6	6	4	0	0	85	10	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	29	9	6	4	1	0	80	10	1067
2019	Indigenous	45	27	12	8	6	2	0	73	14	232
2019	First Nations	48	25	11	8	5	2	0	75	14	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	30	12	10	7	0	0	71	17	44
2019	Métis	44	28	11	7	7	2	1	74	15	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	31	11	8	5	1	0	76	13	1083
2018	Indigenous	39	26	16	10	7	1	0	66	18	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	29	12	9	6	1	0	73	15	1126

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	19	8	6	0	0	86	6	175
2022	First Nations	72	15	7	6	0	0	87	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	17	19	8	0	0	72	8	20
2022	Métis	68	21	8	3	1	0	88	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	25	8	7	4	0	81	11	915
2020	Indigenous	59	23	6	9	3	0	82	12	190
2020	First Nations	53	27	6	10	4	0	80	14	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	17	4	6	3	0	87	9	29
2020	Métis	59	23	7	8	2	0	83	11	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	26	8	6	3	0	83	9	1069
2019	Indigenous	47	29	11	7	4	0	77	12	235
2019	First Nations	48	29	9	11	3	0	77	14	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	30	13	6	2	0	79	8	44
2019	Métis	47	29	12	5	7	1	76	12	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	30	9	7	5	1	79	11	1086
2018	Indigenous	42	28	11	10	9	0	70	18	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	27	10	8	7	0	75	14	1126

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	31	10	5	6	7	0	78	11	175
2022	First Nations	44	29	11	4	5	7	0	78	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	47	12	5	0	5	0	82	5	20
2022	Métis	48	24	10	6	8	4	0	75	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	33	12	9	4	7	0	75	13	915
2020	Indigenous	45	29	11	7	6	3	0	76	13	191
2020	First Nations	41	29	12	9	6	3	0	72	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	28	4	3	4	0	0	89	7	29
2020	Métis	43	29	12	7	7	3	0	75	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	13	7	3	7	0	75	11	1067
2019	Indigenous	34	30	14	9	8	5	0	67	18	233
2019	First Nations	25	28	17	15	10	5	0	56	26	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	38	9	0	4	4	0	86	5	44
2019	Métis	37	28	13	9	7	6	0	69	17	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	36	16	10	6	7	0	66	17	1078
2018	Indigenous	24	28	20	15	9	4	0	54	25	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	18	11	6	6	1	63	18	1136

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	26	15	7	7	4	70	15	175
2022	First Nations	46	23	17	7	5	3	71	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	38	12	5	0	10	81	5	20
2022	Métis	43	21	15	7	11	3	66	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	33	14	12	7	2	66	19	915
2020	Indigenous	43	33	10	6	7	1	76	13	191
2020	First Nations	41	36	8	8	8	0	76	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	20	10	3	4	0	83	7	29
2020	Métis	39	34	11	6	8	2	74	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	34	13	10	5	3	71	15	1065
2019	Indigenous	31	31	18	10	8	3	63	18	235
2019	First Nations	18	37	19	17	8	1	55	25	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	30	7	3	7	2	83	10	44
2019	Métis	34	24	21	7	9	5	61	16	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	36	17	14	8	3	59	23	1081
2018	Indigenous	22	31	16	16	13	2	54	30	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	20	15	9	3	55	24	1132

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	22	16	18	7	4	0	58	26	175
2022	First Nations	35	19	17	21	4	5	0	56	26	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	37	17	9	0	5	0	73	9	20
2022	Métis	35	22	13	17	10	3	0	59	28	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	31	17	17	10	4	0	55	28	915
2020	Indigenous	31	35	17	8	8	1	0	67	16	190
2020	First Nations	26	36	16	14	8	0	0	63	21	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	17	3	4	0	0	75	7	29
2020	Métis	29	37	17	6	10	2	0	67	16	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	36	17	13	6	5	0	63	20	1065
2019	Indigenous	25	27	19	15	11	3	0	54	26	235
2019	First Nations	13	32	19	20	14	2	0	46	35	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	26	11	7	4	2	0	77	12	44
2019	Métis	26	23	23	12	11	5	0	51	24	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	27	21	20	11	5	1	45	33	1076
2018	Indigenous	16	24	22	18	15	5	0	42	35	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	29	23	19	10	5	0	45	31	1131

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	29	13	16	12	2	57	29	175
2022	First Nations	29	26	13	19	10	2	56	30	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	43	31	5	0	5	63	5	20
2022	Métis	34	25	8	18	14	1	59	33	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	32	14	19	13	1	53	33	915
2020	Indigenous	33	34	14	11	8	1	68	18	190
2020	First Nations	30	32	15	16	7	0	62	23	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	31	14	2	7	0	77	9	29
2020	Métis	30	38	14	9	8	1	68	17	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	36	16	15	8	2	61	23	1067
2019	Indigenous	24	26	18	18	12	2	51	31	235
2019	First Nations	16	19	20	26	16	2	37	43	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	32	14	3	7	2	76	10	44
2019	Métis	25	28	17	18	11	3	54	29	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	29	19	22	13	2	44	37	1080
2018	Indigenous	14	26	18	20	18	4	42	39	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	26	19	25	13	2	41	39	1136

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	32	10	10	5	1	1	74	16	175
2022	First Nations	49	31	4	9	5	1	1	82	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	38	27	14	4	0	0	55	18	20
2022	Métis	40	32	13	10	6	0	0	72	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	35	10	10	7	0	0	73	17	915
2020	Indigenous	42	35	7	10	5	1	0	78	15	189
2020	First Nations	44	32	3	14	7	0	0	75	21	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	37	11	9	0	4	0	80	9	29
2020	Métis	41	37	10	7	5	0	0	78	12	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	38	11	10	5	0	1	74	15	1070
2019	Indigenous	29	39	17	10	6	0	0	68	15	234
2019	First Nations	34	33	18	8	5	0	1	68	14	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	43	16	10	4	0	0	70	14	44
2019	Métis	25	41	15	12	7	1	0	66	19	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	37	15	12	6	0	0	67	18	1083
2018	Indigenous	29	33	16	7	15	0	0	62	22	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	35	15	11	9	0	0	64	20	1131

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	49	11	7	3	1	80	9	175
2022	First Nations	31	53	6	7	2	1	85	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	49	17	5	0	0	78	5	20
2022	Métis	37	39	14	6	4	0	75	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	45	7	10	5	0	77	16	915
2020	Indigenous	36	41	8	10	5	0	77	15	189
2020	First Nations	33	43	4	9	11	0	76	20	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	47	3	13	0	0	84	13	29
2020	Métis	38	35	16	10	1	0	73	11	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	42	11	11	4	0	73	16	1066
2019	Indigenous	28	40	13	12	7	0	68	19	233
2019	First Nations	24	41	12	17	5	0	65	22	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	45	15	8	5	0	72	13	44
2019	Métis	31	35	13	11	9	1	67	20	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	40	12	15	7	0	65	22	1077
2018	Indigenous	23	37	17	12	11	0	60	23	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	37	15	16	7	0	63	22	1134

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	26	9	7	3	0	0	81	10	175
2022	First Nations	59	25	3	8	5	0	0	83	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	24	27	9	0	0	0	64	9	20
2022	Métis	60	26	9	4	1	0	0	86	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	31	9	8	5	0	1	78	13	915
2020	Indigenous	53	25	9	8	6	1	0	78	14	191
2020	First Nations	45	27	8	10	8	1	0	73	18	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	35	4	3	4	0	0	89	7	29
2020	Métis	59	17	12	7	5	0	0	76	12	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	10	8	4	1	1	77	13	1070
2019	Indigenous	43	28	15	7	5	1	1	72	12	234
2019	First Nations	45	25	12	11	4	1	1	72	15	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	27	19	3	7	0	0	71	10	44
2019	Métis	40	31	15	5	5	3	1	73	11	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	30	13	9	6	1	1	71	16	1084
2018	Indigenous	38	31	14	7	10	0	0	69	17	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	34	11	9	7	1	1	72	16	1128

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	37	13	9	5	0	1	73	14	175
2022	First Nations	35	34	14	10	7	0	1	69	16	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	48	9	9	0	0	0	82	9	20
2022	Métis	38	38	11	8	5	0	0	76	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	40	13	13	6	0	0	69	19	910
2020	Indigenous	37	35	13	9	4	0	1	73	13	190
2020	First Nations	37	35	12	10	5	0	1	73	15	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	33	17	10	0	0	0	72	10	29
2020	Métis	36	35	14	8	6	0	1	73	13	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	41	11	13	5	0	1	71	18	1062
2019	Indigenous	31	34	12	16	6	0	0	66	22	235
2019	First Nations	25	38	10	21	5	0	0	63	26	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	24	24	9	7	0	0	60	16	44
2019	Métis	37	34	9	13	6	1	0	71	19	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	39	14	15	6	0	0	66	20	1085
2018	Indigenous	25	40	12	15	8	0	1	65	23	244
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	43	12	14	5	0	0	69	19	1137

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	17	14	4	2	0	1	81	5	175
2022	First Nations	62	15	13	5	3	0	3	79	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	17	22	9	0	0	0	70	9	20
2022	Métis	68	17	13	0	1	1	0	86	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	21	10	5	3	2	1	81	9	915
2020	Indigenous	54	26	10	3	5	1	1	81	8	190
2020	First Nations	48	25	11	6	6	0	3	75	13	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	21	10	2	4	0	0	84	6	29
2020	Métis	55	29	9	0	5	1	0	85	5	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	24	10	4	4	2	1	81	8	1065

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	31	21	10	5	2	1	63	15	175
2022	First Nations	29	30	18	11	8	2	1	62	20	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	31	34	12	0	0	0	54	12	20
2022	Métis	39	31	19	6	4	1	0	71	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	36	16	13	7	3	0	63	21	915
2020	Indigenous	32	33	17	12	5	0	0	66	17	191
2020	First Nations	30	35	9	17	7	1	0	66	25	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	32	6	6	4	0	0	84	9	29
2020	Métis	24	32	30	10	4	0	0	56	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	34	17	13	6	3	0	62	20	1065
2019	Indigenous	31	28	16	8	12	5	0	62	21	231
2019	First Nations	21	35	17	11	11	5	0	59	23	92
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	15	11	3	12	5	0	73	16	44
2019	Métis	31	28	17	9	12	3	0	61	21	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	34	18	16	8	2	0	56	25	1083
2018	Indigenous	22	32	17	12	15	2	0	54	28	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	35	19	14	8	3	0	58	23	1135

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	23	15	3	8	1	2	74	11	175
2022	First Nations	51	23	17	2	6	0	1	75	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	27	18	4	16	5	8	56	24	20
2022	Métis	53	24	11	2	7	0	2	79	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	24	14	6	4	1	4	74	11	915
2020	Indigenous	54	23	13	5	3	1	3	80	7	190
2020	First Nations	52	24	11	6	3	1	1	78	10	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	13	10	0	0	7	76	11	29
2020	Métis	66	16	12	1	3	0	2	84	4	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	23	15	6	4	0	3	74	11	1068
2019	Indigenous	52	19	12	8	5	2	3	75	13	233
2019	First Nations	48	18	15	8	6	1	4	70	14	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	17	8	5	6	7	6	78	13	43
2019	Métis	56	20	10	9	3	1	1	77	13	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	25	14	4	2	1	3	79	7	1086

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	24	17	5	4	1	2	74	9	175
2022	First Nations	49	22	20	4	2	1	1	73	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	24	29	5	0	5	10	60	6	20
2022	Métis	50	28	11	4	5	0	2	79	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	24	15	6	5	1	3	73	11	915
2020	Indigenous	50	28	13	2	4	2	2	80	6	190
2020	First Nations	47	26	15	2	5	2	2	77	8	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	32	8	4	0	3	4	87	4	29
2020	Métis	54	26	13	2	4	0	0	80	7	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	25	16	7	3	1	2	74	10	1067
2019	Indigenous	44	24	16	6	5	3	2	71	11	235
2019	First Nations	51	19	17	5	3	2	3	74	9	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	24	21	4	2	4	3	71	7	44
2019	Métis	39	28	12	8	8	3	2	70	17	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	24	15	5	4	2	3	74	10	1079

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	6	2	5	2	3	1	91	7	175
2022	First Nations	78	5	4	3	2	6	1	90	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	18	0	7	0	5	4	92	8	20
2022	Métis	89	4	0	7	0	0	0	93	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	8	4	2	2	3	6	92	4	915
2020	Indigenous	72	9	7	2	5	3	1	85	8	189
2020	First Nations	67	10	9	3	5	5	1	82	8	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	9	4	4	3	7	4	88	8	29
2020	Métis	78	8	6	1	7	0	0	85	8	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	2	1	4	3	92	4	1063
2019	Indigenous	65	14	5	4	6	5	2	85	10	234
2019	First Nations	63	14	6	2	6	5	3	85	8	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	18	4	9	2	4	3	84	12	44
2019	Métis	69	11	4	3	7	5	1	85	11	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	11	5	2	3	5	3	89	6	1081

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	10	4	2	1	2	7	92	4	175
2022	First Nations	74	11	1	1	1	1	10	96	3	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	0	9	5	0	10	8	83	6	20
2022	Métis	75	13	4	3	2	1	2	91	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	8	3	1	2	2	10	93	3	915
2020	Indigenous	70	9	7	1	3	2	7	87	5	188
2020	First Nations	76	8	5	0	3	2	6	92	3	77
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	10	7	2	3	3	11	85	6	29
2020	Métis	67	11	10	1	4	1	5	83	6	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	10	4	2	2	2	6	93	3	1064
2019	Indigenous	72	8	3	2	4	5	5	89	7	233
2019	First Nations	72	4	2	3	4	8	7	90	7	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	75	8	4	2	2	6	3	92	4	44
2019	Métis	69	12	4	2	5	3	4	88	8	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	8	3	1	2	3	9	93	3	1083

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	31	16	12	16	1	1	54	29	175
2022	First Nations	19	27	18	12	19	2	2	48	33	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	36	3	22	12	0	0	62	34	20
2022	Métis	26	30	21	9	14	0	0	56	23	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	37	12	12	12	3	1	63	24	915
2020	Indigenous	31	33	11	10	13	1	3	65	24	191
2020	First Nations	25	32	11	12	16	1	3	59	29	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	28	4	9	11	0	0	77	19	29
2020	Métis	29	33	13	9	11	1	4	65	21	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	32	14	13	12	3	1	60	26	1065
2019	Indigenous	25	29	14	11	17	3	1	56	29	233
2019	First Nations	19	30	13	14	18	5	0	52	34	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	31	12	4	13	2	7	68	18	44
2019	Métis	28	28	15	11	17	1	0	56	28	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	31	15	15	14	3	1	54	30	1085
2018	Indigenous	18	28	18	13	19	2	1	48	33	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	32	15	16	14	3	1	53	31	1132

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	38	10	7	6	0	1	77	13	175
2022	First Nations	45	38	5	5	6	0	1	84	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	55	15	9	0	0	0	76	9	20
2022	Métis	42	30	14	7	7	0	0	72	14	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	41	11	10	5	0	0	74	15	915
2020	Indigenous	34	42	7	10	6	0	1	76	16	187
2020	First Nations	33	43	5	11	8	0	0	76	19	78
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	37	7	12	4	0	0	77	16	29
2020	Métis	33	42	9	8	6	0	2	77	14	76
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	42	11	10	4	0	0	75	14	1064
2019	Indigenous	28	38	13	13	8	1	0	66	21	230
2019	First Nations	29	34	17	14	5	1	0	63	20	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	37	17	10	11	0	0	63	21	43
2019	Métis	29	42	6	12	11	1	0	71	23	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	39	14	11	6	0	0	69	17	1083
2018	Indigenous	23	40	14	10	12	0	0	63	22	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	40	13	11	8	0	1	67	19	1128

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	38	16	4	1	0	1	79	5	175
2022	First Nations	48	34	12	3	1	0	1	83	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	54	20	0	0	0	0	80	0	20
2022	Métis	39	34	19	6	1	0	0	73	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	38	13	9	3	0	0	75	12	910
2020	Indigenous	46	32	8	9	4	0	1	78	13	189
2020	First Nations	42	37	4	13	5	0	0	78	18	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	33	7	4	3	0	0	86	7	29
2020	Métis	47	26	14	7	4	0	2	74	12	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	38	14	7	3	0	0	76	10	1067
2019	Indigenous	34	36	12	9	8	1	0	71	17	233
2019	First Nations	33	34	15	11	5	1	0	68	17	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	38	12	1	5	0	0	82	7	44
2019	Métis	30	37	10	11	12	1	0	67	23	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	37	16	9	6	0	0	69	15	1082
2018	Indigenous	33	34	11	11	10	0	0	67	21	237
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	37	14	11	6	0	0	68	17	1125

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	35	13	9	2	1	0	76	11	175
2022	First Nations	43	34	9	9	3	1	0	79	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	53	21	4	0	0	0	75	4	20
2022	Métis	45	28	16	11	0	0	0	73	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	37	12	10	4	0	0	74	14	915
2020	Indigenous	38	39	9	11	3	0	1	77	14	187
2020	First Nations	38	36	8	15	3	0	0	75	17	78
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	46	7	6	7	0	0	79	13	28
2020	Métis	38	39	12	9	1	0	2	78	10	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	40	11	11	4	1	0	73	15	1057
2019	Indigenous	33	31	14	15	4	2	0	66	20	225
2019	First Nations	31	28	18	20	2	1	0	60	22	92
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	14	8	6	2	0	71	14	42
2019	Métis	38	31	11	13	6	2	0	70	19	87
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	43	14	11	5	0	1	70	16	1066
2018	Indigenous	30	35	12	13	10	0	0	65	23	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	36	15	12	7	0	1	65	20	1125

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	38	16	9	4	4	0	70	13	175
2022	First Nations	31	41	8	9	5	6	0	77	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	24	40	8	0	0	0	52	8	20
2022	Métis	33	36	17	6	5	3	0	72	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	43	15	10	3	4	0	71	13	915
2020	Indigenous	25	38	19	9	6	2	1	65	15	191
2020	First Nations	23	46	16	10	5	0	0	69	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	30	11	9	4	4	0	75	13	29
2020	Métis	21	33	26	7	8	3	2	57	16	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	45	17	8	3	5	0	71	11	1070
2019	Indigenous	23	37	18	10	8	4	0	63	19	234
2019	First Nations	19	44	16	10	7	4	0	66	17	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	33	23	2	9	5	0	64	12	44
2019	Métis	24	34	18	13	9	2	0	59	22	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	42	19	12	4	5	1	62	18	1080
2018	Indigenous	14	31	26	13	10	4	1	47	25	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	40	22	12	5	4	0	59	18	1135

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	28	6	12	6	0	0	77	17	175
2022	First Nations	55	30	1	11	3	0	0	84	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	4	23	4	0	0	69	27	20
2022	Métis	46	29	8	9	8	0	0	75	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	31	9	9	6	0	0	75	16	910
2020	Indigenous	50	26	10	8	5	0	1	77	14	189
2020	First Nations	45	31	8	9	7	0	0	76	17	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	18	10	6	6	0	0	77	12	29
2020	Métis	52	24	12	8	3	0	2	77	11	76
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	9	10	5	0	0	75	16	1066
2019	Indigenous	49	26	13	6	7	0	0	75	12	230
2019	First Nations	45	28	15	5	8	0	0	72	12	91
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	13	7	4	0	0	76	11	44
2019	Métis	49	27	11	5	7	1	0	76	13	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	31	10	9	5	0	0	76	13	1080
2018	Indigenous	44	30	8	8	10	1	0	75	17	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	34	9	9	5	0	0	76	14	1132

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	34	14	8	7	0	1	71	15	175
2022	First Nations	38	35	15	5	6	0	1	73	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	40	0	9	0	0	0	91	9	20
2022	Métis	31	30	17	12	9	0	0	62	21	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	32	18	9	8	0	0	64	18	915
2020	Indigenous	33	30	19	12	6	0	0	63	18	188
2020	First Nations	27	37	15	11	10	0	0	64	21	78
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	46	18	5	0	0	0	77	5	29
2020	Métis	40	15	24	16	5	0	0	55	21	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	33	19	12	9	0	0	60	20	1065
2019	Indigenous	44	25	16	10	5	1	0	69	15	233
2019	First Nations	38	27	19	12	4	0	0	65	16	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	25	6	1	5	0	0	88	7	44
2019	Métis	41	23	16	13	4	3	0	66	17	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	34	17	9	6	0	1	68	15	1080
2018	Indigenous	35	32	18	9	5	0	2	68	14	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	30	19	8	8	0	1	64	17	1136

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	18	6	0	1	1	1	92	1	175
2022	First Nations	71	21	3	0	1	1	3	96	1	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	14	22	4	0	5	0	73	4	20
2022	Métis	80	12	6	0	1	0	0	92	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	21	5	2	1	1	1	91	4	915

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	30	30	175
2022	First Nations	34	33	33	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	21	28	20
2022	Métis	43	28	29	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	25	31	915
2020	Indigenous	26	35	39	191
2020	First Nations	28	34	38	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	49	38	29
2020	Métis	30	29	40	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	28	36	1070
2019	Indigenous	33	28	38	234
2019	First Nations	35	29	37	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	21	52	44
2019	Métis	36	32	32	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	24	38	1086
2018	Indigenous	42	24	34	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	26	32	1137

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	32	32	7	8	11	75
2022	First Nations	3	29	37	11	11	9	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	26	29	7	0	30	10
2022	Métis	15	40	29	0	10	7	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	33	37	6	8	6	395
2020	Indigenous	14	37	34	4	4	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	27	43	5	2	11	388
2019	Indigenous	6	33	37	2	18	5	79
2019	First Nations	13	28	31	3	22	2	33
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	0	8	44	5	43	0	12
2019	Métis	2	47	37	0	5	9	33
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	22	48	5	9	9	416
2018	Indigenous	15	30	29	3	7	16	100
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	28	42	5	8	8	477

Top of page

Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	44	5	3	1	0	92	3	175
2022	First Nations	52	44	1	3	0	0	96	3	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	66	9	0	0	0	91	0	20
2022	Métis	53	35	8	3	1	0	89	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	38	7	5	2	0	87	7	910
2020	Indigenous	48	35	9	7	1	0	83	8	187
2020	First Nations	45	37	8	9	1	0	82	10	78
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	37	7	7	0	0	86	7	28
2020	Métis	50	32	10	6	1	0	82	7	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	39	7	5	2	0	86	7	1063
2019	Indigenous	45	33	12	7	3	1	78	9	234
2019	First Nations	48	28	11	10	2	1	77	12	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	32	17	7	0	0	76	7	44
2019	Métis	43	38	10	4	5	1	82	8	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	42	11	6	3	0	80	9	1077
2018	Indigenous	37	39	11	7	6	0	76	13	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	40	9	6	2	0	84	7	1131

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	43	19	10	3	1	68	14	175
2022	First Nations	30	40	14	12	4	1	70	16	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	44	36	0	0	0	64	0	20
2022	Métis	24	47	16	12	1	0	71	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	44	15	12	4	1	68	17	915
2020	Indigenous	28	44	18	6	4	0	72	10	191
2020	First Nations	25	44	16	10	6	0	68	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	43	21	0	4	0	75	4	29
2020	Métis	30	43	19	5	3	0	74	8	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	42	17	12	3	1	68	15	1064
2019	Indigenous	24	37	21	12	4	2	62	17	235
2019	First Nations	22	33	20	18	5	2	56	23	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	40	16	12	2	0	70	14	44
2019	Métis	24	40	22	8	4	2	65	12	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	41	18	15	6	1	60	22	1084
2018	Indigenous	18	37	21	13	11	0	55	24	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	43	18	15	5	1	62	20	1135

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	24	29	21	13	1	1	35	35	175
2022	First Nations	11	29	25	18	14	1	1	33	42	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	14	30	31	14	3	0	46	23	20
2022	Métis	12	20	33	19	14	0	1	34	32	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	26	36	20	7	0	1	27	37	915
2020	Indigenous	9	25	37	21	6	0	2	28	35	191
2020	First Nations	8	30	37	21	3	0	1	24	38	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	11	15	38	25	7	0	4	34	27	29
2020	Métis	10	24	33	21	9	0	1	31	35	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	22	40	20	7	1	0	27	32	1066
2019	Indigenous	14	24	32	21	7	1	1	28	39	233
2019	First Nations	14	24	36	20	4	0	2	25	39	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	7	23	31	22	15	2	0	38	31	44
2019	Métis	18	24	28	22	6	3	0	28	43	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	30	32	17	6	0	1	23	45	1080
2018	Indigenous	19	29	32	12	8	1	0	20	48	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	30	32	16	6	0	1	22	46	1131

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	25	27	14	14	1	2	29	43	175
2022	First Nations	17	18	30	16	15	1	1	33	36	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	17	26	32	5	0	0	37	37	20
2022	Métis	15	34	28	6	17	0	0	23	49	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	32	29	13	4	1	3	18	52	910
2020	Indigenous	15	22	36	16	6	3	2	24	39	189
2020	First Nations	16	22	34	21	1	4	2	23	41	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	4	19	50	11	12	4	0	24	23	27
2020	Métis	19	21	33	15	10	1	2	26	41	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	26	33	17	7	2	1	24	42	1064
2019	Indigenous	23	27	25	13	7	2	3	21	53	234
2019	First Nations	22	34	22	10	4	3	4	15	61	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	19	16	24	20	17	2	2	39	36	44
2019	Métis	25	24	28	13	5	2	3	19	51	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	29	27	12	5	1	2	18	54	1081
2018	Indigenous	26	24	29	13	6	1	0	19	51	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	30	29	11	4	1	1	15	55	1133

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	20	30	17	15	1	2	33	36	175
2022	First Nations	17	20	25	18	13	3	3	34	40	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	14	20	36	20	0	0	56	23	20
2022	Métis	12	22	40	9	16	0	0	25	35	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	23	31	20	9	0	2	29	39	910
2020	Indigenous	13	21	30	27	9	0	1	36	34	190
2020	First Nations	12	25	30	27	6	0	0	33	37	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	13	18	44	18	0	0	63	19	29
2020	Métis	17	19	33	22	8	0	1	30	36	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	22	34	21	8	1	0	30	36	1062
2019	Indigenous	11	19	30	23	13	1	2	37	32	232
2019	First Nations	10	23	34	17	10	2	4	28	35	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	19	11	31	30	0	0	61	28	44
2019	Métis	13	16	34	26	9	2	1	35	30	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	21	32	21	9	1	2	31	36	1080
2018	Indigenous	16	20	29	23	10	1	1	33	37	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	24	31	20	8	1	1	28	40	1126

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	19	25	19	17	2	2	38	36	175
2022	First Nations	12	22	24	13	24	1	3	39	36	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	4	36	36	4	0	0	40	25	20
2022	Métis	20	21	20	19	16	3	0	37	42	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	23	24	15	11	3	3	28	47	910
2020	Indigenous	11	24	24	26	13	1	1	39	36	190
2020	First Nations	13	30	20	23	12	1	0	36	44	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	3	16	22	34	18	3	4	57	20	29
2020	Métis	12	21	28	25	11	0	2	37	34	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	22	26	21	10	1	1	32	41	1064
2019	Indigenous	19	21	20	24	10	4	2	36	42	234
2019	First Nations	22	17	25	22	6	5	4	31	42	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	19	12	35	21	3	0	58	29	44
2019	Métis	21	24	19	23	9	3	1	33	47	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	24	25	16	9	1	2	27	47	1083
2018	Indigenous	26	22	24	16	8	2	1	26	50	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	23	26	16	7	1	3	24	49	1131

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	19	28	17	15	4	2	35	35	175
2022	First Nations	11	15	32	16	18	8	1	36	29	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	36	4	37	8	0	0	45	51	20
2022	Métis	13	20	28	17	17	2	3	36	35	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	28	17	10	3	4	29	40	910
2020	Indigenous	8	16	24	30	17	3	1	49	26	191
2020	First Nations	13	19	16	30	19	2	1	50	33	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	4	21	19	39	15	3	0	55	25	29
2020	Métis	6	13	30	29	16	4	2	48	20	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	17	29	26	13	3	1	41	29	1057
2019	Indigenous	14	20	24	23	14	3	2	39	36	233
2019	First Nations	14	24	21	22	13	2	4	37	40	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	6	18	34	24	7	0	62	19	44
2019	Métis	15	24	28	20	11	3	0	32	40	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	22	29	19	8	2	3	29	40	1081
2018	Indigenous	21	22	25	20	8	2	1	29	45	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	24	29	17	7	2	2	25	45	1123

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	23	31	15	13	2	1	29	39	175
2022	First Nations	13	22	29	16	16	4	0	33	37	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	20	18	46	7	0	0	52	30	20
2022	Métis	17	23	34	9	14	2	1	24	41	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	28	32	12	7	2	2	20	47	915
2020	Indigenous	16	21	32	17	11	3	1	29	38	189
2020	First Nations	21	25	25	15	13	1	0	28	46	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	16	28	31	14	3	0	47	24	29
2020	Métis	16	18	39	14	9	3	1	24	35	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	24	34	15	8	2	1	24	41	1065
2019	Indigenous	22	22	29	11	11	4	2	23	46	235
2019	First Nations	25	26	30	6	7	3	3	14	55	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	7	26	21	21	10	0	47	24	44
2019	Métis	23	22	31	10	11	2	1	22	47	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	27	30	13	5	1	2	19	50	1084
2018	Indigenous	22	25	27	16	7	2	1	24	48	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	29	29	13	5	2	2	19	51	1131

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	11	40	29	12	2	2	43	15	175
2022	First Nations	1	5	44	31	14	3	1	47	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	18	32	26	11	0	3	39	28	20
2022	Métis	3	16	38	28	11	2	1	41	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	13	36	27	15	0	3	44	19	915
2020	Indigenous	6	27	32	27	8	0	1	35	33	190
2020	First Nations	10	23	34	26	7	0	0	33	33	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	37	32	10	15	0	0	24	44	29
2020	Métis	3	27	31	33	5	0	1	39	30	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	26	37	18	8	0	0	26	36	1068
2019	Indigenous	18	19	33	19	10	1	0	29	37	234
2019	First Nations	15	22	35	19	8	0	1	27	38	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	21	24	14	12	0	0	25	50	44
2019	Métis	15	17	33	20	13	2	0	33	33	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	24	29	17	9	0	1	26	44	1084

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	29	20	21	9	2	48	31	175
2022	First Nations	20	27	19	20	10	4	49	31	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	43	39	9	0	0	52	9	20
2022	Métis	24	25	13	27	10	1	49	38	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	29	21	23	10	3	43	34	915
2020	Indigenous	23	35	16	18	7	1	58	25	191
2020	First Nations	23	23	18	26	9	0	46	35	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	39	7	14	4	3	74	18	29
2020	Métis	21	44	16	12	7	0	64	19	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	35	19	19	9	3	52	29	1057
2019	Indigenous	19	29	17	20	13	2	50	34	234
2019	First Nations	15	28	17	24	15	1	43	39	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	35	15	5	11	5	67	17	44
2019	Métis	19	30	16	21	12	2	50	34	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	24	21	26	17	2	35	44	1079

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	25	5	10	3	1	82	13	175
2022	First Nations	58	23	2	12	3	2	83	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	29	8	13	0	0	79	13	20
2022	Métis	60	20	9	7	4	0	80	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	26	7	5	4	0	83	10	915
2020	Indigenous	56	26	9	5	4	0	82	9	190
2020	First Nations	52	24	8	10	7	0	75	17	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	24	18	0	3	0	78	3	29
2020	Métis	60	28	8	3	1	0	88	4	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	26	9	8	4	1	78	12	1066
2019	Indigenous	51	25	10	8	6	0	77	14	231
2019	First Nations	47	26	10	13	4	0	72	17	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	17	12	0	7	0	81	7	42
2019	Métis	50	28	7	7	7	1	79	14	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	30	9	10	6	2	75	15	1084
2018	Indigenous	36	28	12	12	13	0	64	25	237
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	30	9	10	7	2	74	17	1131

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	21	8	4	4	0	0	85	8	175
2022	First Nations	65	23	7	1	4	0	0	88	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	12	17	5	0	0	0	78	5	20
2022	Métis	64	19	6	7	4	0	0	83	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	26	5	5	1	0	0	89	6	915
2020	Indigenous	61	22	10	6	1	0	1	83	7	188
2020	First Nations	61	20	13	6	1	0	0	80	7	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	25	11	11	0	0	0	78	11	28
2020	Métis	63	23	7	4	1	0	2	87	6	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	28	6	4	2	0	0	87	7	1063
2019	Indigenous	56	25	6	7	5	0	0	82	12	233
2019	First Nations	55	24	9	7	5	0	0	79	12	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	24	9	2	2	0	0	87	4	44
2019	Métis	57	26	2	8	6	1	0	84	14	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	35	8	7	3	0	0	83	9	1079
2018	Indigenous	41	34	12	8	5	0	0	75	13	238
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	35	7	7	3	0	0	82	10	1128

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	29	8	5	2	0	0	85	7	175
2022	First Nations	59	31	3	6	1	0	0	90	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	34	12	13	0	0	0	75	13	20
2022	Métis	62	22	12	2	2	0	0	84	4	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	33	7	4	1	1	0	88	6	915
2020	Indigenous	45	34	12	4	3	1	1	81	7	191
2020	First Nations	47	30	12	6	5	0	0	77	11	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	37	11	6	4	0	0	80	9	29
2020	Métis	43	38	13	1	2	1	2	83	3	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	33	10	4	2	1	0	85	6	1059
2019	Indigenous	41	35	12	6	5	1	0	77	11	233
2019	First Nations	39	39	8	9	3	2	0	79	13	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	33	20	4	0	0	0	75	4	44
2019	Métis	45	30	12	4	8	1	0	76	12	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	33	14	4	2	1	0	80	6	1086
2018	Indigenous	34	40	12	7	6	1	0	74	13	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	39	11	5	3	1	0	80	8	1131

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	39	10	8	6	2	0	76	14	175
2022	First Nations	31	41	12	6	5	4	0	75	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	46	0	17	0	0	0	83	17	20
2022	Métis	42	33	12	7	5	1	0	76	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	41	11	7	3	1	0	78	11	915
2020	Indigenous	38	37	11	7	6	0	1	75	14	189
2020	First Nations	24	46	12	11	8	0	0	70	19	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	27	10	0	3	0	0	87	3	28
2020	Métis	42	33	10	6	7	0	2	76	13	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	41	12	7	3	3	0	77	11	1062
2019	Indigenous	40	28	15	11	5	2	0	69	16	235
2019	First Nations	30	31	17	17	4	1	0	61	22	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	19	15	7	4	0	0	74	11	44
2019	Métis	44	29	13	7	5	2	0	74	13	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	42	15	8	4	2	0	73	12	1081
2018	Indigenous	33	33	16	9	6	2	0	68	16	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	44	11	5	2	2	0	81	8	1129

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	47	14	5	3	2	0	77	8	175
2022	First Nations	23	49	15	8	2	4	0	75	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	57	8	4	0	0	0	88	4	20
2022	Métis	39	35	17	3	3	2	1	76	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	39	13	7	3	5	0	76	10	915
2020	Indigenous	41	32	14	6	5	2	1	75	11	191
2020	First Nations	32	34	15	10	6	3	0	68	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	27	14	3	0	3	0	82	3	29
2020	Métis	48	32	11	3	5	0	2	80	8	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	6	2	6	0	78	9	1067
2019	Indigenous	44	31	12	8	4	2	0	76	12	234
2019	First Nations	33	37	14	8	5	2	0	72	14	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	23	16	4	0	3	0	79	5	44
2019	Métis	51	26	9	9	4	2	0	78	13	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	41	13	6	3	4	0	77	9	1083
2018	Indigenous	34	35	14	8	5	4	0	72	14	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	41	12	6	2	4	0	79	8	1131

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	38	5	4	3	0	89	6	175
2022	First Nations	49	37	6	6	2	0	86	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	44	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	58	32	4	3	3	0	90	5	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	34	8	5	2	0	85	7	915
2020	Indigenous	54	29	11	5	1	0	83	6	189
2020	First Nations	44	33	18	2	2	0	77	5	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	25	7	7	0	0	86	7	29
2020	Métis	63	24	5	7	1	0	87	8	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	35	7	5	2	1	86	7	1063
2019	Indigenous	49	30	10	6	5	0	79	11	235
2019	First Nations	39	34	17	5	5	0	73	10	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	24	4	5	4	0	86	10	44
2019	Métis	52	28	6	6	6	1	81	13	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	40	11	4	3	1	82	7	1085
2018	Indigenous	37	38	12	7	7	0	75	13	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	39	10	5	2	1	82	7	1133

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	26	10	9	3	3	1	77	13	175
2022	First Nations	49	23	9	14	1	1	3	76	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	22	8	9	0	5	0	81	10	20
2022	Métis	51	25	10	5	5	4	0	80	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	28	9	5	3	7	3	81	9	915

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	27	9	8	6	2	2	75	15	175
2022	First Nations	46	26	5	8	9	2	2	76	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	27	10	13	0	0	5	76	13	20
2022	Métis	48	26	14	6	2	4	0	77	9	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	28	11	6	3	7	4	78	10	910

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	31	24	9	2	7	0	62	12	175
2022	First Nations	20	36	28	7	1	8	0	61	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	27	26	16	5	5	0	51	22	20
2022	Métis	37	27	19	8	1	7	0	69	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	31	21	7	3	11	1	66	11	915
2020	Indigenous	38	29	16	8	4	3	1	70	13	190
2020	First Nations	27	29	23	13	7	1	0	57	20	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	27	16	7	0	7	0	75	7	29
2020	Métis	48	29	11	4	3	4	2	81	7	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	36	15	5	3	7	1	74	9	1067

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	36	9	5	3	4	0	82	9	175
2022	First Nations	42	32	10	7	2	7	0	80	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	54	5	5	0	0	0	90	5	20
2022	Métis	46	33	11	4	1	4	0	82	6	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	34	8	5	4	5	3	81	10	915
2020	Indigenous	51	28	9	6	4	2	0	80	11	190
2020	First Nations	40	35	8	9	5	3	0	77	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	66	27	3	0	4	0	0	93	4	29
2020	Métis	56	22	11	6	4	1	0	79	11	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	34	11	5	5	4	1	79	10	1064

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	23	24	6	3	31	3	50	13	175
2022	First Nations	12	23	21	8	4	27	5	52	17	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	22	12	4	0	57	0	62	10	20
2022	Métis	14	21	31	3	1	28	1	50	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	19	23	4	2	37	5	49	11	915

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	4	32	5	48	11	5	60	20
2020	Indigenous	17	0	8	7	59	9	19	73	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	0	22	11	36	31	0	68	19

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	27	15	6	4	5	7	72	11	175
2022	First Nations	36	22	16	8	3	5	10	68	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	50	13	0	0	9	0	86	0	20
2022	Métis	47	21	14	7	4	4	4	74	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	30	15	7	5	9	6	69	13	915
2020	Indigenous	32	33	16	4	8	3	4	70	13	191
2020	First Nations	31	28	17	7	12	3	2	62	20	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	36	22	0	3	7	0	73	4	29
2020	Métis	31	39	13	4	6	1	6	76	10	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	32	15	8	5	7	4	68	14	1066
2019	Indigenous	32	30	15	8	8	4	3	66	18	233
2019	First Nations	30	28	14	10	10	6	3	63	22	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	45	13	4	4	2	2	78	8	44
2019	Métis	35	27	17	8	9	2	2	64	18	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	32	16	10	7	6	4	63	19	1086
2018	Indigenous	17	35	16	12	11	5	3	56	26	238
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	33	16	11	8	6	4	61	21	1132

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	37	14	12	5	2	1	68	18	175
2022	First Nations	34	40	8	12	5	1	0	75	17	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	26	19	15	5	8	5	55	23	20
2022	Métis	30	31	21	13	3	2	0	62	16	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	39	12	11	5	4	2	70	18	915
2020	Indigenous	35	35	15	7	5	1	2	73	12	190
2020	First Nations	34	35	17	5	5	1	4	72	10	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	28	7	9	7	0	0	77	16	29
2020	Métis	33	38	16	8	4	1	0	72	12	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	37	14	11	5	3	1	68	17	1067
2019	Indigenous	35	30	13	9	8	4	1	69	17	234
2019	First Nations	31	29	13	11	10	3	3	64	22	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	30	12	2	4	5	0	82	6	44
2019	Métis	34	31	15	10	8	3	0	66	18	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	37	16	14	7	2	1	62	21	1085
2018	Indigenous	24	33	18	11	9	5	1	60	21	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	36	16	13	6	3	1	63	20	1134

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	40	17	9	5	1	68	14	175
2022	First Nations	26	44	17	9	4	0	70	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	37	19	12	0	5	67	12	20
2022	Métis	35	34	17	8	7	0	68	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	39	18	9	3	2	70	12	910
2020	Indigenous	33	41	14	6	5	1	74	11	191
2020	First Nations	34	37	13	9	7	0	71	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	43	7	0	4	3	89	4	29
2020	Métis	30	41	20	6	3	1	71	9	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	37	20	8	3	4	67	12	1064
2019	Indigenous	29	29	23	11	7	2	59	18	234
2019	First Nations	20	32	28	14	6	0	52	20	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	28	21	0	7	0	71	7	44
2019	Métis	33	26	17	14	7	3	60	22	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	36	24	12	6	3	57	18	1079
2018	Indigenous	21	31	24	13	9	1	53	23	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	36	23	12	5	3	59	17	1131

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	19	22	10	13	13	3	47	27	175
2022	First Nations	26	20	22	8	10	10	5	54	20	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	23	19	17	0	24	0	52	23	20
2022	Métis	19	19	20	12	15	13	1	45	31	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	24	17	13	10	14	3	52	27	915
2020	Indigenous	26	26	17	11	11	6	3	57	25	190
2020	First Nations	24	20	18	10	16	6	5	50	30	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	34	10	6	7	14	0	73	15	29
2020	Métis	28	27	18	15	7	4	1	57	23	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	19	19	13	10	14	4	48	28	1067
2019	Indigenous	19	23	21	11	13	11	2	48	28	234
2019	First Nations	18	20	23	15	10	12	2	45	29	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	35	19	0	9	11	3	68	10	44
2019	Métis	18	18	21	13	19	9	1	41	36	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	21	21	15	13	13	2	42	33	1084
2018	Indigenous	10	17	23	14	21	12	2	32	41	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	21	22	14	14	12	3	40	34	1128

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	41	3	11	2	85	12	175
2022	First Nations	49	38	2	11	0	87	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	36	0	17	5	78	22	20
2022	Métis	41	44	3	8	3	85	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	48	4	9	3	84	12	915
2020	Indigenous	33	51	5	9	1	84	11	191
2020	First Nations	30	52	5	12	1	82	13	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	58	4	12	3	81	16	29
2020	Métis	40	46	7	6	1	86	7	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	48	4	14	4	77	18	1066

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	26	6	10	5	0	2	78	16	175
2022	First Nations	51	31	3	8	3	0	3	85	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	62	9	11	14	4	0	0	71	18	20
2022	Métis	49	22	7	12	8	1	1	73	20	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	34	8	9	6	0	3	76	16	910
2020	Indigenous	44	36	7	7	5	0	1	81	12	189
2020	First Nations	44	34	7	11	4	0	0	78	15	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	31	11	2	3	0	0	84	6	29
2020	Métis	41	39	7	5	6	0	1	82	12	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	39	8	14	4	0	1	74	18	1069
2019	Indigenous	44	30	4	13	9	0	0	74	22	233
2019	First Nations	43	31	1	14	11	0	0	74	25	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	38	7	10	2	0	0	81	12	44
2019	Métis	45	26	4	13	10	1	0	72	24	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	32	9	15	8	0	0	68	23	1083

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	29	12	8	2	0	0	78	10	175
2022	First Nations	55	27	7	8	2	0	0	82	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	37	15	8	0	0	0	77	8	20
2022	Métis	51	25	14	7	3	0	0	76	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	36	10	6	3	1	1	82	9	910
2020	Indigenous	52	35	6	5	2	0	1	87	7	191
2020	First Nations	50	36	6	6	1	0	0	86	7	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	34	7	0	3	0	0	90	3	29
2020	Métis	52	34	5	5	3	0	1	87	8	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	8	2	0	1	79	10	1062
2019	Indigenous	38	37	11	9	4	1	0	76	13	234
2019	First Nations	30	40	12	12	4	1	1	71	17	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	35	10	5	2	2	0	82	8	44
2019	Métis	43	33	10	7	6	1	0	77	13	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	34	14	10	5	0	0	71	15	1079

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	19	4	3	0	1	0	93	3	175
2022	First Nations	80	13	4	2	0	1	0	94	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	27	8	4	0	0	0	87	4	20
2022	Métis	70	25	1	3	0	0	0	95	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	18	3	1	1	1	0	95	2	915
2020	Indigenous	72	20	3	3	1	1	1	94	3	190
2020	First Nations	76	20	1	1	2	0	0	96	3	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	22	7	6	0	4	0	87	6	28
2020	Métis	71	21	3	3	0	1	1	94	3	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	17	3	1	1	0	0	94	3	1067

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	79	10	3	2	1	0	5	94	3	175
2022	First Nations	77	9	3	2	1	0	8	93	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	73	14	5	4	0	0	4	91	4	20
2022	Métis	84	9	2	1	1	0	3	95	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	7	2	3	3	0	3	93	5	915
2019	Indigenous	74	12	6	2	1	0	4	90	4	235
2019	First Nations	78	8	3	2	1	0	8	93	4	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	19	9	5	3	0	2	83	8	44
2019	Métis	76	13	8	1	1	1	1	90	2	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	78	12	5	2	2	0	2	91	4	1077

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	25	14	7	6	10	3	69	14	175
2022	First Nations	30	27	17	6	7	11	3	66	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	39	9	0	4	9	5	85	5	20
2022	Métis	43	15	16	9	4	11	2	67	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	25	17	6	5	5	3	69	12	915
2020	Indigenous	45	27	11	5	5	5	3	78	10	191
2020	First Nations	48	28	8	2	7	5	2	82	10	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	28	11	0	7	13	7	78	9	29
2020	Métis	47	23	14	9	3	2	1	73	12	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	25	15	4	3	4	3	76	8	1068
2019	Indigenous	40	22	14	7	4	10	2	71	13	235
2019	First Nations	35	20	14	11	2	11	5	67	16	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	26	10	2	7	8	0	78	11	44
2019	Métis	44	21	16	6	2	9	1	73	9	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	24	13	6	4	6	3	75	11	1087

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	175
2022	First Nations	13	87	80
2022	Métis	11	89	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	915
2020	Indigenous	13	87	189
2020	First Nations	12	88	80
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1069
2019	Indigenous	19	81	235
2019	First Nations	18	82	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	44
2019	Métis	21	79	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1082
2018	Indigenous	24	76	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1131

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75
2020	Indigenous	55	45	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	101
2019	Indigenous	51	49	44
2019	Métis	37	63	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	145
2018	Indigenous	43	57	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	175

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	34	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	75
2020	Indigenous	74	26	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	31	101
2019	Indigenous	63	37	44
2019	Métis	59	41	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	35	145
2018	Indigenous	71	29	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	43	175

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	75
2020	Indigenous	0	100	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	101

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	75
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	75
2019	Indigenous	11	89	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	145

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	75
2020	First Nations	0	100	10
2019	Indigenous	11	89	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	145
2018	Indigenous	15	85	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	175

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	75
2020	Indigenous	0	100	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	101
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	80
2020	Indigenous	37	63	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	101
2019	Indigenous	44	56	44
2019	Métis	56	44	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	144
2018	Indigenous	45	55	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	176

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	80
2020	Indigenous	53	47	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	101
2019	Indigenous	61	39	44
2019	Métis	56	44	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	144
2018	Indigenous	56	44	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	176

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	80
2020	Indigenous	40	60	24
2020	First Nations	48	52	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	101
2019	Indigenous	48	52	44
2019	Métis	34	66	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	53	144
2018	Indigenous	67	33	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	176

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	80
2020	Indigenous	40	60	24
2020	First Nations	47	53	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	101
2019	Indigenous	53	47	44
2019	Métis	49	51	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	144
2018	Indigenous	43	57	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	176

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	80
2020	Indigenous	45	55	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	101
2019	Indigenous	45	55	44
2019	Métis	41	59	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	144
2018	Indigenous	44	56	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	176

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	80
2020	Indigenous	67	33	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	47	101
2019	Indigenous	58	42	44
2019	Métis	57	43	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	39	144
2018	Indigenous	61	39	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	176

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	80
2020	Indigenous	57	43	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	101
2019	Indigenous	35	65	44
2019	Métis	44	56	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	144
2018	Indigenous	38	62	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	176

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	80
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	80
2019	Indigenous	12	88	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	144

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	80
2019	Indigenous	22	78	44
2019	Métis	30	70	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	144
2018	Indigenous	10	90	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	176

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	80
2020	Indigenous	50	50	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	101
2019	Indigenous	53	47	44
2019	Métis	57	43	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	144
2018	Indigenous	59	41	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	176

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	80
2019	Indigenous	28	72	44
2019	Métis	40	60	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	144
2018	Indigenous	30	70	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	176

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	80
2020	First Nations	0	100	10
2019	Indigenous	26	74	44
2019	First Nations	32	68	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	144
2018	Indigenous	19	81	58
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	176

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	80
2020	Indigenous	48	52	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	101
2019	Indigenous	58	42	44
2019	Métis	69	31	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	144
2018	Indigenous	53	47	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	37	176

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	80
2020	Indigenous	33	67	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	101
2019	Indigenous	23	77	44
2019	Métis	24	76	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	144
2018	Indigenous	24	76	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	176

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	80
2018	Indigenous	13	87	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	176

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	80
2020	Indigenous	25	75	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	101
2019	Indigenous	18	82	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	144
2018	Indigenous	22	78	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	176

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	80
2020	First Nations	0	100	10
2018	Indigenous	8	92	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	176

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	80
2020	First Nations	0	100	10

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	80
2019	Indigenous	17	83	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	144
2018	Indigenous	11	89	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	176

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	80
2020	Indigenous	24	76	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	101
2019	Indigenous	11	89	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	144
2018	Indigenous	9	91	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	176

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	80
2020	First Nations	0	100	10
2019	Indigenous	28	72	44
2019	First Nations	29	71	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	144
2018	Indigenous	33	67	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	176

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	75

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75
2018	Indigenous	11	89	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	174

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	75

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	75

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	75

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	75
2018	Indigenous	9	91	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	174

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	75
2018	Indigenous	14	86	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	174

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	75

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	75
2018	Indigenous	20	80	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	174

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75
2018	Indigenous	43	57	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	174

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75
2018	Indigenous	17	83	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	174

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	75
2018	Indigenous	56	44	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	174

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75
2020	First Nations	0	100	10

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	75
2020	First Nations	48	52	10
2018	Indigenous	71	29	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	174

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	75

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	75
2018	Indigenous	14	86	53
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	174

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	14	18	6	9	30	9	47	24	175
2022	First Nations	10	9	20	7	6	34	14	37	24	80
2022	Métis	24	15	16	7	11	25	1	53	25	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	11	13	6	5	43	12	48	23	915
2020	Indigenous	22	18	19	4	9	23	5	55	19	191
2020	First Nations	17	17	17	6	12	26	5	49	26	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	10	19	0	3	18	3	72	4	29
2020	Métis	18	22	20	4	8	22	7	55	17	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	15	18	9	5	32	6	49	22	1069
2019	Indigenous	22	18	17	7	9	20	7	54	22	235
2019	First Nations	17	20	22	8	7	18	8	50	20	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	14	16	7	7	21	2	62	17	44
2019	Métis	21	16	13	6	14	21	9	54	28	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	15	21	8	9	27	7	41	26	1089
2018	Indigenous	10	16	21	11	15	22	5	36	36	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	17	21	10	8	27	6	41	27	1133

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	32	17	7	6	8	2	67	15	175
2022	First Nations	27	27	19	7	6	10	4	63	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	24	28	4	0	14	0	63	5	20
2022	Métis	32	39	8	8	6	7	0	76	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	29	18	7	3	17	1	66	12	915
2020	Indigenous	34	29	14	5	8	10	0	69	15	190
2020	First Nations	26	28	16	7	10	13	0	62	19	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	30	6	0	7	11	0	86	8	29
2020	Métis	37	28	16	4	8	7	0	71	13	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	28	20	8	4	13	1	63	14	1068
2019	Indigenous	30	27	15	6	8	11	2	67	16	234
2019	First Nations	20	33	17	8	8	9	5	62	18	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	18	8	2	9	14	0	77	13	43
2019	Métis	33	25	15	6	8	11	1	66	16	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	29	21	9	6	12	1	58	18	1082
2018	Indigenous	20	26	24	9	12	8	1	50	23	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	31	20	10	6	11	1	59	19	1134

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	175
2022	Métis	9	91	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	915
2020	Indigenous	9	91	191
2020	First Nations	13	87	80
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1069
2019	Indigenous	10	90	235
2019	First Nations	9	91	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	44
2019	Métis	9	91	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1085
2018	Indigenous	16	84	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1135

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	49	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	50
2020	Indigenous	50	50	19
2020	First Nations	48	52	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	67
2019	Indigenous	66	34	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	85
2018	Indigenous	50	50	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	0	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	50
2018	Indigenous	81	19	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	79	21	75

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2020	First Nations	100	11

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50
2020	Indigenous	0	100	19
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	67
2018	Indigenous	28	72	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	75

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	50
2020	Indigenous	0	100	19
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	67

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	50
2020	Indigenous	62	38	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	70	66
2019	Indigenous	57	43	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	84
2018	Indigenous	62	38	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	66	75

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	50
2020	Indigenous	33	67	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	66
2019	Indigenous	22	78	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	66	84
2018	Indigenous	22	78	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	75

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	50
2020	Indigenous	0	100	19
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	66
2019	Indigenous	0	100	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	84

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	0	100	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	84

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	50
2018	Indigenous	24	76	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	50
2018	Indigenous	26	74	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	50

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	50

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	50
2018	Indigenous	12	88	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	75

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2020	First Nations	100	11

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	50
2020	Indigenous	42	58	19
2020	First Nations	47	53	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	67
2019	Indigenous	37	63	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	83
2018	Indigenous	33	67	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	75

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	50
2020	Indigenous	28	72	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	67
2018	Indigenous	11	89	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	75

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	50
2020	Indigenous	28	72	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	67
2019	Indigenous	21	79	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	83
2018	Indigenous	16	84	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	75

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	50
2020	Indigenous	0	100	19
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	67

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	31	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	50
2020	Indigenous	34	66	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	67
2019	Indigenous	42	58	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	83
2018	Indigenous	55	45	41
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	75

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2020	First Nations	100	11

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	50
2018	Indigenous	13	87	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	71

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	50
2020	First Nations	100	11

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	50
2020	First Nations	46	54	11

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	50
2018	Indigenous	13	87	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	71

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2018	Indigenous	19	81	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	71

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	50
2018	Indigenous	36	64	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	71

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	50
2020	First Nations	48	52	11
2018	Indigenous	47	53	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	71

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	50
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	27	50
2018	Indigenous	69	31	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	53	71

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	50

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	50
2018	Indigenous	18	82	37
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	71

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	15	24	2	3	31	6	54	8	175
2022	First Nations	17	9	22	3	1	41	6	49	9	80
2022	Métis	21	24	22	1	3	22	7	63	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	11	17	4	3	44	9	48	16	915
2020	Indigenous	22	19	16	7	5	25	6	59	17	191
2020	First Nations	15	15	18	11	5	30	6	47	25	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	17	8	0	7	25	3	79	10	29
2020	Métis	23	25	18	5	4	19	7	64	12	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	17	18	5	3	37	5	56	13	1067
2019	Indigenous	19	18	20	3	7	24	8	55	15	233
2019	First Nations	14	17	21	4	8	27	10	48	19	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	26	16	3	7	18	10	64	13	44
2019	Métis	22	16	23	3	7	23	6	54	13	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	14	24	5	5	32	7	45	15	1088
2018	Indigenous	11	16	23	10	11	24	4	38	29	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	16	25	3	4	33	6	46	13	1136

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	31	23	4	4	7	1	65	10	175
2022	First Nations	28	26	23	7	5	9	2	61	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	25	27	0	0	9	4	69	0	20
2022	Métis	32	34	21	3	3	7	0	70	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	32	17	6	3	15	2	70	10	915
2020	Indigenous	34	28	16	5	6	10	1	70	12	191
2020	First Nations	26	26	18	6	7	14	2	62	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	26	9	0	7	14	0	81	8	29
2020	Métis	40	30	15	5	4	5	0	74	10	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	31	19	6	2	13	1	68	10	1064
2019	Indigenous	27	28	18	4	7	12	3	66	13	235
2019	First Nations	17	30	22	5	8	14	4	57	16	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	27	6	5	7	11	3	80	14	44
2019	Métis	31	27	21	2	6	10	2	66	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	28	22	5	4	16	2	63	11	1082
2018	Indigenous	20	28	21	8	11	11	1	54	22	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	30	22	5	4	17	2	62	11	1132

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	175
2022	First Nations	11	89	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	20
2022	Métis	12	88	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	915
2020	Indigenous	13	87	189
2020	First Nations	13	87	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	28
2020	Métis	16	84	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1062
2019	Indigenous	19	81	235
2019	First Nations	24	76	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	44
2019	Métis	19	81	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1086

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	95
2020	Indigenous	66	34	24
2020	Métis	66	34	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	119

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	36	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	33	95
2020	Indigenous	87	13	24
2020	Métis	84	16	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	23	118
2019	Indigenous	79	21	45
2019	First Nations	74	26	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	29	178

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	51	0	7	17	0	0	75	25	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	49	11	5	0	2	1	84	5	65
2020	Indigenous	58	14	19	5	4	0	0	72	9	21
2020	Métis	71	10	19	0	0	0	0	81	0	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	32	6	6	2	0	1	86	8	90
2019	Indigenous	46	32	8	6	5	0	3	80	12	36
2019	First Nations	31	32	11	14	6	0	6	67	21	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	37	8	5	3	0	0	84	8	125

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	23	7	4	2	2	2	87	6	175
2022	First Nations	61	23	5	2	4	2	3	89	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	27	12	13	0	4	4	72	14	20
2022	Métis	65	20	9	1	1	1	3	88	3	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	32	7	6	1	2	3	85	7	915
2020	Indigenous	58	27	8	4	1	2	0	87	5	190
2020	First Nations	53	30	9	5	1	2	0	85	6	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	13	7	7	0	7	0	84	8	28
2020	Métis	61	29	5	3	1	0	0	91	4	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	30	6	5	1	2	2	87	7	1064

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	21	8	8	14	60
2022	First Nations	34	39	15	0	11	25
2022	Métis	62	12	5	7	15	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	22	6	3	15	380

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	31	80
2022	First Nations	65	35	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	90	10	20
2022	Métis	64	36	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	37	415

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	80
2022	First Nations	45	55	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	37	20
2022	Métis	17	83	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	415

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	49	80
2022	First Nations	59	41	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	46	20
2022	Métis	38	62	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	38	415

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	80
2022	First Nations	43	57	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	30	20
2022	Métis	40	60	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	415

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	80
2022	First Nations	47	53	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	69	20
2022	Métis	13	87	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	415

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	80
2022	First Nations	34	66	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	77	20
2022	Métis	20	80	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	415

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	80
2022	First Nations	11	89	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	81	20
2022	Métis	7	93	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	415

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	80
2022	First Nations	26	74	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	46	20
2022	Métis	18	82	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	415

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	80
2022	First Nations	8	92	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	39	20
2022	Métis	14	86	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	415

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	80
2022	First Nations	19	81	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	49	20
2022	Métis	26	74	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	415

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	80
2022	First Nations	22	78	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	46	20
2022	Métis	18	82	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	415

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	80
2022	First Nations	6	94	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	20
2022	Métis	9	91	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	415

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	80
2022	First Nations	18	82	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	94	20
2022	Métis	28	72	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	415

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	16	11	5	4	4	79	10	80
2022	First Nations	64	16	10	3	8	0	80	10	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	14	20	12	0	16	62	15	20
2022	Métis	75	12	6	3	4	0	87	7	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	11	6	1	1	1	92	2	415

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	12	27	17	31	1	4	51	21	80
2022	First Nations	6	6	29	18	38	3	0	57	13	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	22	19	23	15	0	10	42	36	20
2022	Métis	11	7	21	16	46	0	0	61	18	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	14	16	18	38	3	4	59	23	415

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	20	24	12	28	3	6	43	30	80
2022	First Nations	0	26	26	17	26	5	0	44	28	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	23	19	4	19	4	10	28	50	20
2022	Métis	7	10	31	9	43	0	0	52	17	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	22	14	16	31	4	0	50	35	415

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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	23	6	4	2	1	87	7	175
2022	First Nations	62	24	7	4	2	0	87	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	26	5	9	0	5	86	9	20
2022	Métis	69	18	6	3	4	0	87	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	26	6	6	3	1	84	10	915
2020	Indigenous	53	27	8	8	4	0	80	12	189
2020	First Nations	43	33	8	10	6	0	76	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	74	14	8	4	0	0	89	4	27
2020	Métis	56	26	8	6	3	0	83	9	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	32	8	6	3	1	83	9	1059

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	16	19	8	31	5	17	50	26	175
2022	First Nations	5	20	20	10	21	5	19	41	33	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	21	18	0	38	10	13	49	28	20
2022	Métis	4	10	18	9	41	3	15	61	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	7	12	8	41	5	24	70	13	915

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	44	13	10	4	1	0	73	14	175
2022	First Nations	26	48	6	10	7	1	0	76	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	40	19	18	0	0	0	63	18	20
2022	Métis	36	37	19	6	1	0	0	73	8	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	41	15	9	5	3	0	70	14	915
2020	Indigenous	40	39	10	7	4	1	0	80	10	191
2020	First Nations	38	39	10	9	3	1	0	77	12	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	40	0	7	4	3	0	89	11	29
2020	Métis	41	38	13	5	3	0	0	79	8	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	39	11	5	2	2	0	81	7	1061
2019	Indigenous	31	34	18	10	5	2	0	67	15	235
2019	First Nations	26	33	19	12	7	1	1	61	20	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	32	15	9	0	3	0	75	9	44
2019	Métis	30	36	19	9	5	2	0	67	14	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	42	19	9	5	3	0	66	14	1083
2018	Indigenous	24	44	17	8	5	2	0	69	14	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	44	16	8	3	2	0	72	11	1132

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	20	43	20	5	175
2022	First Nations	12	20	39	24	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	17	41	28	10	20
2022	Métis	14	22	48	15	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	26	36	23	7	915

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	19	11	3	1	0	0	85	4	175
2022	First Nations	63	19	13	2	2	1	0	82	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	21	9	10	0	0	0	81	10	20
2022	Métis	74	17	7	0	1	0	0	92	1	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	8	5	2	1	0	85	7	915
2020	Indigenous	52	24	12	4	4	3	1	80	8	189
2020	First Nations	43	28	16	5	4	5	0	74	9	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	11	7	2	4	7	0	86	6	29
2020	Métis	54	28	9	3	4	0	2	83	7	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	28	12	4	3	2	1	81	7	1063

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	15	8	6	6	0	79	13	175
2022	First Nations	63	14	9	8	6	0	77	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	8	14	13	0	0	73	13	20
2022	Métis	69	15	6	3	8	0	83	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	24	8	11	7	1	73	19	915
2020	Indigenous	48	19	12	12	8	1	67	20	191
2020	First Nations	38	23	13	14	11	0	62	25	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	10	7	10	6	4	76	17	29
2020	Métis	52	19	13	9	7	0	71	16	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	31	10	10	8	1	72	19	1067

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	36	21	9	7	3	0	61	17	175
2022	First Nations	22	40	17	11	8	1	0	63	19	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	37	16	13	0	5	0	69	14	20
2022	Métis	27	28	23	8	8	6	0	59	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	39	14	13	7	1	0	65	20	915
2020	Indigenous	34	36	14	8	8	0	0	70	15	189
2020	First Nations	29	33	19	10	8	1	0	62	19	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	50	3	0	11	0	0	87	11	29
2020	Métis	38	34	13	8	7	0	0	72	15	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	34	16	10	6	2	0	67	17	1069
2019	Indigenous	25	32	19	13	10	1	0	58	23	235
2019	First Nations	20	33	22	15	7	2	1	55	23	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	17	5	11	0	0	67	16	44
2019	Métis	22	32	16	16	12	1	0	55	28	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	32	24	15	9	2	0	52	24	1087
2018	Indigenous	17	34	20	12	15	2	0	52	27	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	34	21	15	10	2	0	53	26	1134

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	58	20	4	0	0	0	77	4	55
2022	First Nations	27	62	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	20
2022	Métis	19	55	26	0	0	0	0	74	0	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	53	14	16	4	2	0	65	21	345
2020	Indigenous	34	50	8	7	2	0	0	83	8	60
2020	Métis	31	46	15	4	4	0	0	77	8	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	46	13	17	4	1	0	65	22	399
2019	Indigenous	14	48	13	13	6	2	4	66	20	51
2019	Métis	14	42	18	17	4	0	5	59	22	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	43	18	13	8	2	3	58	22	343

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	29	20	11	14	0	2	54	25	175
2022	First Nations	28	25	21	10	15	0	1	54	25	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	61	17	5	4	0	0	74	9	20
2022	Métis	26	23	19	15	14	0	3	50	30	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	31	18	9	11	0	2	62	20	905
2020	Indigenous	29	33	18	10	9	1	1	63	19	191
2020	First Nations	32	34	16	5	13	0	0	66	18	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	39	21	12	0	0	0	68	12	29
2020	Métis	27	28	19	13	8	1	3	58	22	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	29	22	9	6	0	0	63	15	1065
2019	Indigenous	21	23	22	15	17	1	1	44	33	235
2019	First Nations	21	20	25	15	16	1	1	43	32	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	33	25	10	10	0	0	55	20	44
2019	Métis	22	21	17	18	20	1	1	44	39	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	27	21	14	16	0	1	48	30	1087
2018	Indigenous	18	25	22	14	18	1	2	44	33	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	24	22	17	17	0	2	43	35	1132

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	29	21	14	15	0	1	49	30	175
2022	First Nations	21	29	23	15	12	0	0	50	27	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	27	25	9	5	0	0	62	13	20
2022	Métis	15	29	20	14	22	0	0	44	36	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	25	24	18	18	0	0	39	37	905
2020	Indigenous	19	28	23	16	13	0	1	48	29	191
2020	First Nations	13	36	21	16	14	0	0	49	30	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	27	21	6	6	0	4	65	13	29
2020	Métis	20	21	24	20	14	0	0	41	34	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	22	26	19	18	0	0	38	36	1066
2019	Indigenous	32	22	21	11	11	1	1	56	23	232
2019	First Nations	26	24	22	16	10	0	2	51	26	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	18	16	2	7	0	0	74	10	44
2019	Métis	28	25	21	9	15	2	0	54	25	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	25	17	12	0	0	45	30	1086
2018	Indigenous	17	25	28	16	12	0	0	42	29	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	22	31	16	15	0	0	38	31	1129

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	26	24	11	14	0	1	51	25	175
2022	First Nations	26	21	31	8	14	0	0	46	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	26	4	14	5	0	0	78	18	20
2022	Métis	16	29	23	15	15	0	1	46	30	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	27	25	17	15	1	0	43	32	910
2020	Indigenous	28	25	24	13	10	0	0	53	23	190
2020	First Nations	24	26	27	11	11	0	1	51	22	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	20	14	6	6	0	0	74	12	29
2020	Métis	22	26	24	19	9	0	0	48	28	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	28	24	16	14	0	0	47	30	1066
2019	Indigenous	31	26	22	11	9	1	0	58	20	232
2019	First Nations	24	32	19	19	6	0	1	57	25	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	16	11	7	7	3	0	74	15	44
2019	Métis	27	27	27	5	13	2	0	54	18	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	28	24	15	11	0	1	50	26	1078
2018	Indigenous	23	26	23	15	11	1	1	50	27	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	27	24	17	12	0	1	46	29	1126

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	18	22	15	19	1	2	42	35	175
2022	First Nations	25	24	22	10	16	1	1	50	27	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	22	25	18	0	0	0	57	18	20
2022	Métis	18	14	21	21	24	0	1	32	46	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	18	23	18	25	1	1	32	44	910
2020	Indigenous	22	24	27	13	13	1	0	46	26	191
2020	First Nations	21	22	25	13	19	0	1	43	32	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	14	20	12	6	0	0	61	19	29
2020	Métis	14	29	33	14	9	1	0	43	24	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	21	24	16	18	1	0	41	35	1058
2019	Indigenous	25	21	17	18	17	2	0	47	36	234
2019	First Nations	19	21	23	15	20	1	1	41	36	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	15	13	9	10	2	0	67	19	44
2019	Métis	20	25	12	24	17	3	0	46	42	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	21	24	19	19	0	1	37	38	1083
2018	Indigenous	20	15	18	22	22	1	2	36	45	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	20	25	18	20	0	1	37	38	1127

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	22	15	6	6	1	4	72	13	175
2022	First Nations	51	22	12	3	7	1	4	77	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	22	5	5	0	0	4	90	5	20
2022	Métis	38	22	20	9	8	0	3	62	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	25	16	8	10	0	3	64	19	910
2020	Indigenous	48	20	17	6	8	0	1	69	14	189
2020	First Nations	43	22	21	4	9	0	1	66	13	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	77	9	7	0	6	0	0	87	6	29
2020	Métis	43	22	15	10	9	0	1	65	19	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	24	17	11	9	0	2	62	21	1068
2019	Indigenous	57	16	11	4	6	2	4	77	11	231
2019	First Nations	56	15	11	7	6	0	5	75	13	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	75	11	6	0	5	3	0	88	5	43
2019	Métis	52	17	13	4	8	3	3	73	12	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	25	15	7	7	0	4	70	14	1084
2018	Indigenous	46	23	12	7	6	0	5	73	14	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	25	14	9	7	0	5	68	17	1125

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	37	17	6	11	0	1	65	17	175
2022	First Nations	23	39	18	9	11	0	0	63	20	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	47	9	4	18	0	0	69	22	20
2022	Métis	36	30	22	4	8	0	0	66	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	27	21	13	12	0	1	54	25	915
2020	Indigenous	30	31	18	11	11	0	0	60	22	191
2020	First Nations	26	28	24	9	13	0	0	54	22	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	39	17	13	10	0	0	61	23	29
2020	Métis	38	27	13	13	9	0	0	65	22	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	24	22	17	12	0	0	49	29	1064
2019	Indigenous	35	23	21	10	9	2	1	59	19	235
2019	First Nations	26	26	25	11	9	1	2	54	20	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	13	15	9	9	3	0	66	19	44
2019	Métis	36	24	19	9	10	2	1	61	19	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	27	22	12	8	0	0	58	20	1083
2018	Indigenous	28	22	22	12	13	1	2	52	25	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	25	22	12	11	0	1	54	23	1127

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	34	13	7	6	0	2	74	13	175
2022	First Nations	39	40	8	5	7	1	0	80	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	37	17	4	0	0	4	77	5	20
2022	Métis	45	24	16	9	5	0	1	70	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	33	21	9	8	1	1	62	16	915
2020	Indigenous	37	37	11	9	5	1	0	74	15	191
2020	First Nations	32	35	15	11	6	1	0	68	18	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	34	10	2	0	0	0	88	2	29
2020	Métis	35	40	9	9	7	1	0	76	16	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	35	21	9	4	1	1	65	13	1065
2019	Indigenous	30	35	17	11	6	1	1	66	17	234
2019	First Nations	28	30	21	13	6	1	2	59	19	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	38	11	2	5	0	0	81	7	44
2019	Métis	24	39	15	13	7	2	0	64	20	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	33	23	12	6	1	1	58	18	1083
2018	Indigenous	24	32	25	9	9	0	2	57	18	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	33	25	12	7	1	2	55	20	1128

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	35	15	7	9	0	1	68	16	175
2022	First Nations	30	42	12	7	10	0	0	72	17	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	28	8	0	5	0	3	87	5	20
2022	Métis	34	25	22	11	8	0	0	59	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	30	23	14	10	1	1	52	24	915
2020	Indigenous	31	36	17	8	7	0	0	67	15	190
2020	First Nations	26	35	18	12	8	0	1	62	20	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	21	17	6	0	0	0	78	6	29
2020	Métis	25	43	17	6	9	0	0	68	15	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	32	23	14	7	1	0	56	21	1062
2019	Indigenous	26	30	18	15	8	2	0	58	24	234
2019	First Nations	22	29	20	18	9	1	1	52	27	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	27	9	9	7	2	0	74	16	44
2019	Métis	21	34	19	17	8	2	0	56	25	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	29	24	17	10	0	1	48	27	1083
2018	Indigenous	19	24	28	20	6	0	1	45	27	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	29	26	17	11	0	1	46	28	1125

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	28	20	7	7	0	2	66	15	175
2022	First Nations	32	33	20	7	7	0	1	66	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	23	4	5	5	0	3	86	10	20
2022	Métis	39	22	21	8	9	0	1	62	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	27	23	11	10	0	1	56	21	910
2020	Indigenous	36	32	17	8	8	0	0	68	16	191
2020	First Nations	27	35	16	12	10	0	0	62	22	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	17	17	2	4	0	0	77	6	29
2020	Métis	36	33	17	7	7	0	0	69	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	28	22	13	8	0	0	57	21	1066
2019	Indigenous	25	30	19	13	11	1	0	56	24	234
2019	First Nations	21	31	15	19	11	1	1	53	31	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	28	17	9	7	0	0	66	16	44
2019	Métis	23	30	23	10	12	2	0	54	23	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	28	23	16	11	0	0	50	27	1085
2018	Indigenous	22	22	27	16	10	0	2	45	27	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	26	25	16	11	0	1	48	27	1125

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	21	12	4	5	0	1	78	10	175
2022	First Nations	56	23	11	1	7	1	1	80	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	26	9	8	0	0	0	83	8	20
2022	Métis	57	20	11	7	5	0	0	78	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	26	12	7	6	1	1	74	14	910
2020	Indigenous	49	27	11	6	6	0	1	76	13	191
2020	First Nations	47	27	10	7	8	0	1	75	15	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	31	6	6	0	0	0	88	6	29
2020	Métis	48	24	13	7	7	0	1	73	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	25	16	8	6	0	0	71	13	1061
2019	Indigenous	43	28	14	7	6	1	1	73	13	235
2019	First Nations	47	25	9	7	8	1	2	74	16	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	28	19	2	3	0	3	76	5	44
2019	Métis	36	32	17	7	6	2	0	70	14	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	25	17	10	7	1	1	65	17	1082

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	28	13	4	5	0	77	10	175
2022	First Nations	50	29	11	4	6	0	79	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	32	14	13	0	3	71	14	20
2022	Métis	55	21	17	2	5	0	76	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	27	14	6	6	0	74	12	910
2020	Indigenous	35	25	22	11	7	0	60	18	191
2020	First Nations	35	27	18	10	10	1	62	20	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	23	7	9	7	0	77	16	29
2020	Métis	28	23	32	12	4	0	52	17	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	32	23	14	8	0	56	21	1069

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	27	14	7	8	1	2	70	15	175
2022	First Nations	47	20	15	8	6	1	3	69	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	27	9	0	0	0	3	91	0	20
2022	Métis	31	34	15	8	11	0	0	65	19	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	29	23	12	8	0	1	57	20	910
2020	Indigenous	35	29	19	10	6	0	1	65	16	191
2020	First Nations	35	25	24	6	9	0	1	60	16	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	21	4	6	4	0	4	87	9	29
2020	Métis	27	35	19	14	5	0	0	62	19	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	31	24	12	6	0	0	57	18	1067
2019	Indigenous	34	31	15	12	6	2	0	67	18	233
2019	First Nations	28	36	16	10	8	0	1	64	19	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	33	10	7	3	2	0	80	10	43
2019	Métis	34	28	14	16	4	3	0	64	21	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	32	20	11	5	0	1	64	16	1081
2018	Indigenous	31	25	23	15	6	0	1	56	20	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	33	22	10	6	0	1	62	16	1123

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	15	7	5	7	1	4	79	13	175
2022	First Nations	63	15	7	5	6	1	4	82	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	19	0	4	11	0	3	85	15	20
2022	Métis	62	12	10	7	4	0	5	77	12	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	19	10	4	6	1	4	79	11	910
2020	Indigenous	50	29	12	4	4	0	1	80	8	191
2020	First Nations	48	29	12	5	6	0	0	76	12	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	31	12	0	0	0	0	88	0	29
2020	Métis	52	26	11	5	3	0	3	81	8	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	27	16	7	4	0	1	73	11	1063
2019	Indigenous	53	18	12	9	6	0	2	73	15	233
2019	First Nations	40	20	15	11	10	0	3	62	22	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	58	28	9	0	5	0	0	86	5	44
2019	Métis	61	13	10	11	2	1	1	76	13	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	24	17	7	7	0	1	68	15	1076
2018	Indigenous	50	20	10	10	7	0	3	72	18	238
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	23	13	10	7	0	2	69	17	1120

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	33	9	6	3	0	82	9	175
2022	First Nations	55	32	12	0	1	0	87	1	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	31	4	8	5	3	82	13	20
2022	Métis	41	36	8	12	3	0	77	15	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	35	14	4	3	1	79	6	910
2020	Indigenous	27	38	21	8	7	0	64	15	191
2020	First Nations	20	41	22	9	7	0	62	17	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	38	17	13	10	0	60	23	29
2020	Métis	35	32	22	5	6	0	67	11	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	33	25	13	7	0	55	20	1067

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	11	5	2	3	1	6	90	5	175
2022	First Nations	80	8	6	1	1	0	3	92	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	86	10	0	0	0	0	4	100	0	20
2022	Métis	61	15	6	3	6	0	9	84	10	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	10	4	2	1	1	7	92	4	915
2020	Indigenous	66	19	5	1	3	1	5	90	4	191
2020	First Nations	59	25	6	0	5	0	5	88	5	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	80	11	2	3	0	0	4	94	3	29
2020	Métis	69	17	5	0	3	2	5	91	3	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	17	6	2	2	1	5	90	4	1064
2019	Indigenous	62	16	10	2	4	1	6	83	6	234
2019	First Nations	60	16	7	4	3	1	9	84	8	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	17	13	2	5	0	2	79	7	43
2019	Métis	64	15	13	0	4	1	3	83	4	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	67	12	7	3	2	1	7	86	6	1083
2018	Indigenous	66	15	7	4	5	0	4	84	9	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	16	6	3	3	1	6	87	6	1123

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	15	5	3	2	2	5	90	5	175
2022	First Nations	73	17	5	3	2	0	0	90	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	25	0	0	0	5	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	67	8	5	5	1	4	10	87	7	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	8	5	2	2	1	4	90	4	915
2020	Indigenous	76	9	2	4	3	2	3	90	8	190
2020	First Nations	73	8	2	7	2	1	6	87	10	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	86	11	0	0	3	0	0	97	3	29
2020	Métis	76	10	3	3	4	3	2	90	7	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	10	4	3	2	1	3	90	6	1063
2019	Indigenous	71	10	5	4	6	2	2	84	11	232
2019	First Nations	68	14	3	3	6	3	2	87	9	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	78	7	0	3	9	0	2	88	12	44
2019	Métis	69	6	10	6	5	2	2	78	12	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	13	6	5	4	1	3	85	9	1082
2018	Indigenous	57	15	9	6	9	0	3	75	16	238
2018	Non-Indigenous	66	14	6	4	5	1	4	84	10	1123

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	21	7	3	3	0	4	87	6	175
2022	First Nations	65	25	9	0	1	0	0	90	1	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	73	22	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	20
2022	Métis	59	15	7	7	5	0	7	80	13	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	18	6	3	1	0	2	89	4	910
2020	Indigenous	64	23	9	1	2	0	2	88	3	189
2020	First Nations	61	19	9	3	3	0	5	84	7	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	68	32	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	28
2020	Métis	63	24	12	0	1	0	0	86	1	77
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	20	6	2	2	0	1	90	4	1061
2019	Indigenous	55	24	13	4	3	1	1	80	6	231
2019	First Nations	56	25	13	2	2	0	2	83	4	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	61	22	7	7	2	0	0	84	10	44
2019	Métis	48	25	17	4	3	2	1	75	7	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	25	11	4	3	1	1	82	6	1081
2018	Indigenous	49	29	13	3	4	0	2	81	7	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	25	11	4	3	0	2	81	8	1129

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	19	10	3	4	1	3	82	7	175
2022	First Nations	59	23	14	1	2	0	0	82	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	19	11	0	0	0	0	89	0	20
2022	Métis	65	10	6	4	6	2	7	82	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	16	8	5	4	0	3	83	8	910
2020	Indigenous	72	13	7	2	4	0	2	87	6	191
2020	First Nations	60	20	9	3	5	0	2	82	9	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	85	15	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	29
2020	Métis	78	6	8	3	4	0	1	85	7	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	16	7	6	4	0	1	83	10	1061
2019	Indigenous	63	13	8	8	6	1	1	78	14	231
2019	First Nations	62	12	10	7	4	0	3	77	12	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	67	16	2	8	7	0	0	83	15	44
2019	Métis	60	13	8	9	8	3	0	75	17	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	18	11	6	6	1	1	77	12	1083
2018	Indigenous	51	18	12	8	9	0	1	70	17	241
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	19	12	7	7	0	2	74	15	1127

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	14	4	0	1	0	16	95	1	175
2022	First Nations	63	13	4	0	0	0	20	95	0	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	74	13	0	0	0	0	13	100	0	20
2022	Métis	67	15	6	0	1	0	10	92	2	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	13	4	2	1	0	16	91	3	910
2020	Indigenous	70	9	3	0	0	0	17	95	1	191
2020	First Nations	65	10	2	0	0	0	23	97	0	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	78	10	3	0	0	0	9	97	0	29
2020	Métis	71	7	5	1	0	0	15	93	1	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	12	5	2	1	0	15	90	3	1063
2019	Indigenous	64	13	2	1	2	1	18	94	4	231
2019	First Nations	64	11	2	1	1	0	21	95	3	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	77	8	2	0	2	0	10	95	2	44
2019	Métis	55	19	1	2	2	2	19	93	6	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	13	6	3	1	0	21	87	6	1076
2018	Indigenous	62	8	3	1	2	1	23	92	4	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	15	7	1	2	0	23	87	4	1125

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	19	6	1	1	1	4	91	2	175
2022	First Nations	72	17	8	1	1	0	1	90	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	41	0	0	0	3	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	69	14	6	2	0	2	7	91	2	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	18	7	2	1	1	4	89	3	910
2020	Indigenous	70	16	8	1	1	1	3	89	3	190
2020	First Nations	70	20	3	1	1	1	2	94	2	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	80	12	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	28
2020	Métis	69	12	11	3	1	1	3	84	4	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	20	7	4	1	0	3	88	5	1067
2019	Indigenous	72	13	5	3	3	0	4	89	6	231
2019	First Nations	66	15	8	3	3	0	6	86	6	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	85	11	0	0	4	0	0	96	4	44
2019	Métis	71	13	5	4	2	1	4	88	7	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	19	8	2	1	1	5	89	3	1081
2018	Indigenous	65	16	7	4	2	0	6	86	6	242
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	17	8	3	1	0	7	87	4	1126

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	17	4	4	4	1	3	88	8	175
2022	First Nations	68	21	6	1	1	0	2	91	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	90	5	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	20
2022	Métis	65	12	1	9	7	2	3	81	17	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	10	5	2	3	1	4	90	5	915
2020	Indigenous	75	12	7	2	2	0	1	88	4	190
2020	First Nations	64	19	11	2	1	0	2	85	4	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	89	7	3	0	0	0	0	97	0	28
2020	Métis	82	6	5	3	4	0	0	88	7	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	15	6	2	2	0	2	90	4	1066
2019	Indigenous	66	13	6	4	6	1	3	83	11	232
2019	First Nations	63	14	6	5	3	2	6	84	9	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	80	13	3	0	4	0	0	93	4	44
2019	Métis	62	12	7	5	11	1	2	77	16	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	70	12	6	3	5	0	3	84	9	1084
2018	Indigenous	62	16	7	5	6	0	5	82	11	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	65	14	8	5	4	0	5	83	9	1131

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	31	9	3	3	0	2	85	6	175
2022	First Nations	54	32	8	2	2	0	1	87	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	31	17	0	0	0	0	83	0	20
2022	Métis	56	24	6	6	5	0	3	83	11	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	28	13	5	3	1	2	78	8	915
2020	Indigenous	41	36	16	3	4	0	0	77	7	190
2020	First Nations	40	37	12	3	8	0	1	78	10	79
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	42	18	4	4	0	0	75	7	29
2020	Métis	45	32	19	4	0	0	0	77	4	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	31	16	5	4	0	1	75	9	1066
2019	Indigenous	51	25	14	4	4	0	1	78	8	232
2019	First Nations	44	29	14	7	3	0	3	76	10	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	26	14	0	6	0	0	79	6	44
2019	Métis	56	21	14	4	4	1	0	78	8	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	25	14	3	3	0	2	79	6	1080
2018	Indigenous	42	29	15	8	4	0	2	72	12	243
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	24	15	5	3	0	2	77	8	1130

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	31	35	9	6	1	0	50	15	175
2022	First Nations	20	39	28	9	4	0	0	58	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	24	44	0	5	0	0	51	5	20
2022	Métis	15	25	41	12	5	2	0	41	18	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	27	41	16	7	0	0	34	24	915
2020	Indigenous	17	29	37	12	5	0	0	46	17	191
2020	First Nations	13	29	37	16	5	0	0	42	21	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	38	27	10	4	0	0	60	13	29
2020	Métis	21	23	42	9	5	0	0	43	14	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	30	35	17	7	0	0	41	24	1070
2019	Indigenous	17	35	27	16	4	0	0	52	20	234
2019	First Nations	16	41	24	15	3	0	1	58	18	95
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	38	17	4	10	0	0	69	14	44
2019	Métis	12	28	35	22	3	1	0	40	25	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	32	36	13	6	0	0	45	19	1086
2018	Indigenous	14	26	36	14	8	0	1	41	22	244
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	29	36	17	7	0	0	40	24	1134

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	18	43	19	13	1	32	25	175
2022	First Nations	7	15	40	18	18	2	37	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	13	47	22	14	0	36	18	20
2022	Métis	6	23	42	19	10	0	29	29	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	22	39	19	7	0	26	34	910
2020	Indigenous	12	24	37	20	7	0	27	35	191
2020	First Nations	16	25	34	17	8	0	25	41	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	14	38	38	4	0	42	20	29
2020	Métis	10	27	39	17	7	0	24	37	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	23	38	19	6	0	25	37	1066
2019	Indigenous	8	24	40	20	9	0	29	31	234
2019	First Nations	7	27	38	21	6	1	27	35	94
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	9	40	22	17	0	39	21	44
2019	Métis	6	28	43	17	6	0	23	34	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	23	38	20	8	0	29	34	1077
2018	Indigenous	14	18	41	17	8	1	26	33	240
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	21	38	19	10	0	29	34	1122

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	49	18	2	175
2022	First Nations	33	45	20	3	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	43	34	0	20
2022	Métis	30	59	11	0	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	54	15	1	915
2020	Indigenous	32	48	19	1	190
2020	First Nations	30	52	18	0	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	36	29	0	28
2020	Métis	32	50	17	2	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	51	17	1	1068

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	55
2022	First Nations	45	55	25
2022	Métis	49	51	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	265
2020	Indigenous	33	67	62
2020	First Nations	17	83	24
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	48	10
2020	Métis	38	62	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	337

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	20	15	8	8	3	15	62	19	175
2022	First Nations	38	20	11	7	6	5	13	70	16	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	4	42	0	5	0	8	49	5	20
2022	Métis	24	23	14	10	11	3	15	57	25	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	19	14	5	6	3	13	70	14	915
2020	Indigenous	33	21	17	10	9	1	9	60	21	191
2020	First Nations	30	27	13	12	6	1	11	65	20	80
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	34	13	4	0	3	4	82	4	29
2020	Métis	34	11	22	10	16	0	7	49	27	78
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	20	14	8	6	1	8	69	15	1068
2019	Indigenous	35	16	17	12	13	1	6	55	27	233
2019	First Nations	46	15	9	15	8	0	6	65	25	93
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	15	23	0	7	4	12	65	8	44
2019	Métis	24	18	20	15	19	1	3	44	36	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	19	15	12	13	0	6	58	27	1075
2018	Indigenous	32	15	16	14	17	1	5	50	33	239
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	14	16	14	12	1	8	54	28	1131

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	5	15	24	33	4	3	22	62	55
2022	First Nations	15	7	11	31	32	4	0	23	66	25
2022	Métis	15	4	13	25	34	0	10	21	65	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	23	15	22	27	1	3	34	51	265
2020	Indigenous	11	28	19	16	17	4	3	42	37	62
2020	First Nations	4	16	21	18	29	9	4	23	54	24
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	30	21	6	0	0	0	73	6	10
2020	Métis	5	41	15	20	12	3	4	49	35	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	21	17	20	22	2	4	38	44	338

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	12	8	25	41	2	2	23	68	55
2022	First Nations	10	13	10	25	41	0	0	23	67	25
2022	Métis	8	16	4	30	37	0	5	25	71	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	18	11	21	40	2	3	24	64	265
2020	Indigenous	6	17	12	27	34	2	3	24	64	62
2020	First Nations	0	12	8	23	54	0	4	12	79	24
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	31	32	0	6	10	0	58	7	10
2020	Métis	5	17	8	40	26	0	4	23	68	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	16	15	25	34	1	2	23	61	338

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources