2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Veterans Affairs Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	35	16	6	1	76	7	65
2022	First Nations	40	38	11	11	0	78	11	20
2022	Métis	43	32	19	4	2	74	6	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	37	9	6	5	81	10	1890
2020	Indigenous	51	25	10	8	6	76	14	97
2020	First Nations	49	22	11	10	8	70	18	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	37	10	6	2	82	8	2245
2019	Indigenous	44	38	7	5	7	82	12	82
2019	First Nations	38	42	6	6	7	80	13	42
2019	Métis	52	30	8	3	8	82	11	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	37	11	7	4	78	11	2036
2018	Indigenous	36	40	9	12	3	76	15	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	42	10	8	4	77	12	1441

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	37	10	9	13	0	69	21	65
2022	First Nations	29	40	11	10	11	0	69	21	20
2022	Métis	31	36	10	9	14	0	67	23	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	34	10	9	6	0	74	16	1890
2020	Indigenous	43	29	9	8	9	1	73	18	97
2020	First Nations	37	33	12	2	15	1	71	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	36	11	8	4	0	77	12	2240
2019	Indigenous	38	27	14	16	4	0	65	21	82
2019	First Nations	35	27	15	18	4	0	62	22	42
2019	Métis	45	26	13	11	5	0	71	16	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	35	13	11	7	0	69	18	2037
2018	Indigenous	18	37	12	17	13	2	57	31	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	36	14	12	10	0	65	21	1440

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	25	8	4	0	87	4	65
2022	First Nations	51	33	11	5	0	84	5	20
2022	Métis	65	23	8	4	0	88	4	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	30	8	4	1	87	6	1890
2020	Indigenous	64	22	10	5	0	86	5	96
2020	First Nations	60	24	10	6	0	84	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	31	7	3	1	89	4	2227
2019	Indigenous	65	21	10	3	2	85	5	78
2019	First Nations	66	17	9	3	5	83	7	39
2019	Métis	65	24	8	3	0	89	3	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	30	9	4	1	86	5	2023
2018	Indigenous	60	29	9	0	2	89	2	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	33	10	4	1	84	5	1431

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	35	9	6	4	0	81	10	65
2022	First Nations	34	39	11	11	5	0	73	16	20
2022	Métis	51	32	9	4	4	0	82	8	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	35	10	4	3	0	83	8	1890
2020	Indigenous	47	31	11	7	3	1	79	10	96
2020	First Nations	41	35	10	10	4	0	76	14	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	35	7	4	2	0	86	6	2244
2019	Indigenous	56	24	6	7	7	0	80	14	81
2019	First Nations	51	31	9	2	7	0	82	9	41
2019	Métis	63	19	3	8	8	0	82	15	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	34	9	6	3	0	82	9	2033
2018	Indigenous	39	40	13	8	0	0	80	8	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	38	12	7	3	0	78	10	1441

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	24	10	16	8	66	24	65
2022	First Nations	21	38	11	21	10	58	31	20
2022	Métis	47	21	10	15	8	68	23	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	31	11	8	7	74	15	1885
2020	Indigenous	55	21	8	7	8	76	16	96
2020	First Nations	54	19	10	10	7	73	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	27	11	5	4	80	9	2237
2019	Indigenous	38	25	14	15	7	64	22	82
2019	First Nations	34	23	18	21	5	57	25	42
2019	Métis	44	28	11	10	8	71	18	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	31	13	8	6	72	14	2025
2018	Indigenous	23	39	15	10	13	62	23	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	30	17	12	8	64	20	1441

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	27	8	13	10	69	23	65
2022	First Nations	32	27	11	16	15	58	31	20
2022	Métis	43	28	7	13	9	71	22	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	10	9	7	74	16	1890
2020	Indigenous	50	26	8	8	8	76	16	97
2020	First Nations	45	28	10	9	8	73	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	30	10	6	3	81	9	2233
2019	Indigenous	39	30	10	17	5	69	21	81
2019	First Nations	35	27	15	21	2	62	23	41
2019	Métis	46	33	5	10	5	80	15	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	34	12	9	6	73	15	2023
2018	Indigenous	19	40	19	12	10	59	22	55
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	35	16	11	6	66	18	1434

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	19	16	18	14	1	0	53	32	65
2022	First Nations	33	21	6	26	15	0	0	53	41	20
2022	Métis	30	19	20	15	14	2	0	50	30	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	24	15	10	9	3	0	64	20	1890
2020	Indigenous	44	14	17	10	13	1	1	59	24	95
2020	First Nations	42	10	19	17	12	0	0	52	29	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	23	15	10	5	3	0	70	15	2245
2019	Indigenous	34	15	12	20	14	5	0	51	36	80
2019	First Nations	37	7	12	21	18	4	0	46	41	41
2019	Métis	30	26	14	17	11	3	0	58	28	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	23	18	12	8	3	0	61	21	2031
2018	Indigenous	22	18	32	10	15	3	0	41	26	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	25	18	15	10	3	0	56	25	1444

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	24	8	2	5	1	7	85	7	65
2022	First Nations	57	26	5	6	0	0	6	89	6	20
2022	Métis	52	22	10	0	7	2	8	82	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	24	11	4	3	1	4	82	7	1890
2020	Indigenous	48	22	9	5	6	3	7	77	12	95
2020	First Nations	47	14	11	8	5	3	11	71	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	23	12	3	3	2	4	81	6	2247
2019	Indigenous	52	21	15	7	1	0	4	75	9	82
2019	First Nations	58	14	16	5	2	0	5	75	8	42
2019	Métis	48	28	13	8	0	0	3	79	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	24	14	4	3	1	4	77	8	2035

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	31	3	1	6	0	0	90	7	65
2022	First Nations	57	39	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	56	30	4	0	9	0	0	87	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	28	7	6	4	0	1	83	10	1885
2020	Indigenous	52	23	8	6	7	3	1	78	14	97
2020	First Nations	51	21	8	8	7	5	0	76	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	27	8	5	3	1	0	84	9	2249
2019	Indigenous	57	14	15	7	6	0	1	72	14	81
2019	First Nations	60	12	11	9	7	0	0	72	17	42
2019	Métis	55	17	17	3	5	0	3	74	8	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	9	9	5	0	1	76	14	2022
2018	Indigenous	55	16	12	9	7	2	0	72	16	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	30	12	11	7	0	0	71	18	1433

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	21	1	9	5	0	0	85	13	65
2022	First Nations	65	30	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	62	19	2	11	7	0	0	81	17	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	5	4	0	0	85	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	66	17	5	2	9	1	1	84	11	96
2020	First Nations	67	14	6	2	7	2	2	85	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	5	2	0	0	86	7	2246
2019	Indigenous	54	25	7	8	6	0	0	79	14	82
2019	First Nations	54	26	2	14	5	0	0	79	18	42
2019	Métis	56	26	10	0	8	0	0	82	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	26	8	7	5	0	0	81	11	2034
2018	Indigenous	46	26	12	7	8	2	0	73	15	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	26	11	10	7	0	0	71	17	1440

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	27	7	13	8	8	3	69	23	65
2022	First Nations	25	32	6	27	5	5	0	60	33	20
2022	Métis	36	27	8	8	9	7	5	71	20	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	27	14	6	6	8	0	72	13	1890
2020	Indigenous	52	21	8	5	6	7	1	79	12	96
2020	First Nations	44	26	8	7	3	9	2	79	12	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	27	11	5	2	8	0	80	8	2246
2019	Indigenous	43	25	13	9	4	6	0	73	13	82
2019	First Nations	43	21	13	12	5	7	0	68	18	42
2019	Métis	42	33	12	5	3	5	0	80	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	32	15	8	4	5	0	70	13	2029
2018	Indigenous	30	28	19	7	8	8	0	63	16	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	18	11	6	7	0	62	18	1447

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	24	13	12	12	5	3	59	27	65
2022	First Nations	27	31	17	10	16	0	0	57	26	20
2022	Métis	31	19	12	14	11	7	5	57	29	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	27	16	12	10	2	0	61	22	1890
2020	Indigenous	49	24	9	6	8	3	1	76	14	97
2020	First Nations	42	30	10	4	9	4	2	76	14	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	33	11	7	4	3	0	77	11	2238
2019	Indigenous	35	31	17	12	5	1	0	66	17	81
2019	First Nations	34	23	19	16	5	3	0	59	21	42
2019	Métis	33	42	15	5	5	0	0	75	10	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	33	17	12	6	2	0	65	18	2029
2018	Indigenous	20	36	8	18	13	5	0	59	33	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	32	18	15	10	2	0	56	26	1443

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	28	13	16	14	5	3	54	33	65
2022	First Nations	16	33	9	21	21	0	0	49	42	20
2022	Métis	23	25	13	15	11	7	5	55	30	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	28	17	17	12	4	0	52	30	1885
2020	Indigenous	32	32	12	9	8	5	2	69	18	97
2020	First Nations	30	29	15	9	9	6	2	64	20	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	16	10	5	6	0	68	15	2240
2019	Indigenous	24	26	24	19	4	2	0	52	24	82
2019	First Nations	21	25	24	23	4	3	0	47	27	42
2019	Métis	28	29	25	11	5	3	0	58	16	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	31	19	17	8	4	0	54	26	2025
2018	Indigenous	13	29	20	13	20	5	0	44	35	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	27	20	20	13	6	0	44	35	1444

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	32	11	11	17	6	3	57	31	65
2022	First Nations	16	37	10	11	21	5	0	56	33	20
2022	Métis	20	30	12	10	16	7	5	56	30	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	28	15	18	16	2	0	50	34	1890
2020	Indigenous	34	29	17	8	9	2	1	65	17	97
2020	First Nations	34	30	17	5	9	2	2	67	15	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	36	13	12	6	3	0	68	19	2249
2019	Indigenous	28	28	11	21	11	1	0	57	32	81
2019	First Nations	36	21	11	20	12	0	0	57	32	41
2019	Métis	22	35	11	21	8	3	0	59	30	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	32	17	19	11	2	0	51	31	2029
2018	Indigenous	12	27	12	23	22	5	0	41	46	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	26	19	23	16	2	0	41	40	1443

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	25	15	10	13	0	0	63	22	65
2022	First Nations	41	6	28	10	16	0	0	46	26	20
2022	Métis	35	33	10	10	12	0	0	68	22	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	34	12	9	7	0	0	71	17	1890
2020	Indigenous	40	30	12	10	7	1	1	71	17	97
2020	First Nations	39	30	13	8	9	0	1	69	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	9	4	0	1	75	13	2245
2019	Indigenous	23	34	18	20	4	0	0	58	25	82
2019	First Nations	22	33	20	21	4	0	0	55	26	42
2019	Métis	26	34	16	18	5	0	0	61	23	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	37	14	12	7	0	0	67	19	2033
2018	Indigenous	25	14	27	16	16	2	0	40	33	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	33	16	16	11	0	0	56	27	1448

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	46	0	9	9	83	17	65
2022	First Nations	30	49	0	11	11	79	21	20
2022	Métis	39	44	0	8	8	83	17	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	41	7	9	4	80	12	1890
2020	Indigenous	42	36	8	11	3	78	14	97
2020	First Nations	39	38	9	12	2	77	14	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	43	9	10	2	79	12	2239
2019	Indigenous	39	39	9	12	2	77	14	81
2019	First Nations	39	41	10	11	0	80	11	42
2019	Métis	42	36	6	11	5	78	16	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	42	11	12	4	72	16	2025
2018	Indigenous	28	34	13	13	12	62	25	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	41	14	13	5	67	19	1451

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	22	12	4	4	0	1	79	9	65
2022	First Nations	51	33	10	5	0	0	0	85	5	20
2022	Métis	55	18	14	4	7	0	2	75	11	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	31	8	6	5	0	0	80	11	1890
2020	Indigenous	56	14	11	7	9	3	0	72	16	97
2020	First Nations	58	12	12	8	7	3	0	72	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	28	9	7	3	1	1	81	10	2246
2019	Indigenous	55	16	12	8	7	0	1	72	16	82
2019	First Nations	56	23	5	7	9	0	0	78	17	42
2019	Métis	57	6	22	8	5	0	3	64	13	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	31	12	8	7	1	1	73	15	2034
2018	Indigenous	39	26	15	3	17	0	0	66	20	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	32	13	11	8	1	1	67	19	1440

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	39	8	9	13	0	69	22	65
2022	First Nations	25	43	5	11	16	0	68	27	20
2022	Métis	31	36	10	9	13	0	68	22	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	40	10	13	7	0	70	20	1890
2020	Indigenous	31	36	10	17	3	3	69	21	97
2020	First Nations	31	36	12	17	1	4	69	19	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	42	10	12	4	1	74	16	2234
2019	Indigenous	23	36	13	16	12	0	60	27	80
2019	First Nations	26	33	14	16	11	0	59	28	41
2019	Métis	22	41	14	13	11	0	63	24	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	38	11	17	10	0	62	27	2028
2018	Indigenous	22	40	7	19	13	0	62	32	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	46	9	19	8	0	64	27	1449

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	20	8	5	4	1	0	83	9	65
2022	First Nations	57	33	0	6	5	0	0	89	11	20
2022	Métis	61	16	12	4	4	2	0	79	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	5	4	1	1	81	9	1885
2020	Indigenous	59	12	13	3	9	3	1	74	12	97
2020	First Nations	62	10	16	2	7	3	0	75	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	22	10	4	3	2	1	82	8	2243

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	21	16	16	13	4	1	52	31	65
2022	First Nations	16	36	17	20	11	0	0	52	31	20
2022	Métis	33	13	16	15	15	5	2	49	33	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	32	15	12	9	2	0	63	22	1890
2020	Indigenous	30	28	9	13	14	4	1	62	29	97
2020	First Nations	31	33	8	12	11	3	2	67	25	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	34	14	10	6	4	0	70	16	2243
2019	Indigenous	31	19	12	23	11	4	0	52	36	82
2019	First Nations	28	20	11	28	13	0	0	47	41	42
2019	Métis	37	17	14	13	10	8	0	59	25	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	32	17	14	10	3	0	58	25	2030
2018	Indigenous	12	23	18	14	27	5	0	37	44	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	28	19	20	13	3	0	47	34	1435

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	20	6	3	9	1	6	80	13	65
2022	First Nations	60	25	5	5	5	0	0	85	10	20
2022	Métis	49	20	6	3	12	2	8	77	16	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	23	12	4	4	1	3	78	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	47	23	12	4	7	3	4	75	12	97
2020	First Nations	43	22	13	2	10	6	3	72	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	22	12	4	4	1	3	79	8	2249
2019	Indigenous	63	15	13	4	1	2	1	81	6	82
2019	First Nations	56	19	15	4	0	3	2	79	4	42
2019	Métis	71	11	11	5	3	0	0	82	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	23	11	4	3	1	6	81	7	2032

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	17	21	12	6	3	2	60	19	65
2022	First Nations	49	11	24	5	11	0	0	60	16	20
2022	Métis	35	18	21	15	4	4	2	57	21	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	23	14	7	6	2	3	72	13	1890
2020	Indigenous	40	19	21	9	5	3	3	63	15	97
2020	First Nations	41	15	23	10	2	6	3	62	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	22	14	6	4	2	3	76	10	2247
2019	Indigenous	44	14	17	10	8	5	1	62	20	82
2019	First Nations	36	16	21	11	14	0	2	53	26	42
2019	Métis	55	14	13	10	0	8	0	74	11	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	24	15	7	5	1	4	71	13	2026

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	7	5	3	2	8	6	90	5	65
2022	First Nations	63	21	6	10	0	0	0	84	10	20
2022	Métis	71	2	4	0	2	12	9	92	3	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	7	3	1	3	4	5	92	4	1890
2020	Indigenous	73	5	3	2	7	6	4	87	10	97
2020	First Nations	69	8	4	0	5	10	3	90	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	83	6	2	1	1	3	3	94	3	2242
2019	Indigenous	74	14	1	0	3	6	2	95	4	81
2019	First Nations	69	18	2	0	2	7	2	95	2	41
2019	Métis	82	11	0	0	3	3	3	97	3	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	78	8	2	1	2	3	5	93	4	2026

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	16	5	2	2	3	9	90	4	65
2022	First Nations	79	21	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	56	13	8	3	2	4	13	84	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	7	4	1	2	2	7	92	4	1890
2020	Indigenous	73	8	5	4	2	2	6	88	6	97
2020	First Nations	76	6	4	4	1	4	5	90	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	9	3	1	1	2	5	94	3	2243
2019	Indigenous	74	8	2	2	1	6	6	93	4	82
2019	First Nations	77	9	0	2	3	5	4	95	5	42
2019	Métis	74	8	5	3	0	3	8	91	3	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	6	3	1	2	2	9	93	3	2018

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	28	13	15	14	5	1	56	31	65
2022	First Nations	19	39	6	16	20	0	0	58	36	20
2022	Métis	26	23	14	15	12	8	2	54	30	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	31	11	15	14	3	2	58	30	1890
2020	Indigenous	30	19	8	14	20	4	5	53	38	97
2020	First Nations	28	19	8	18	15	5	7	53	38	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	30	16	13	9	4	2	61	22	2248
2019	Indigenous	28	19	13	19	16	4	1	50	36	82
2019	First Nations	27	16	7	25	20	3	3	45	48	42
2019	Métis	33	19	22	11	11	5	0	54	23	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	29	14	14	15	3	2	55	30	2032
2018	Indigenous	18	13	6	24	34	5	0	33	61	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	28	15	17	19	2	2	47	38	1440

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	34	15	11	12	0	1	61	24	65
2022	First Nations	30	28	20	6	16	0	0	58	22	20
2022	Métis	24	35	14	13	12	0	2	60	26	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	34	10	11	10	0	0	68	21	1890
2020	Indigenous	35	31	13	10	10	0	1	66	20	96
2020	First Nations	32	34	13	11	8	0	2	67	19	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	36	13	10	5	0	1	72	15	2239
2019	Indigenous	27	38	7	19	9	0	0	65	28	82
2019	First Nations	28	27	9	23	13	0	0	55	36	42
2019	Métis	27	54	6	8	5	0	0	81	13	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	36	12	13	9	0	0	67	21	2027
2018	Indigenous	23	40	6	18	11	2	0	64	30	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	38	13	15	11	0	0	61	26	1441

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	35	14	9	8	0	70	17	65
2022	First Nations	35	21	23	10	11	0	56	21	20
2022	Métis	33	40	11	9	7	0	73	16	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	32	14	8	7	0	71	15	1890
2020	Indigenous	36	26	18	7	12	1	63	19	97
2020	First Nations	39	21	23	2	13	2	61	15	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	33	15	8	4	0	73	12	2241
2019	Indigenous	34	29	23	9	5	0	63	14	82
2019	First Nations	35	21	23	13	7	0	56	20	42
2019	Métis	35	38	22	3	3	0	73	5	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	34	15	10	8	0	67	18	2035
2018	Indigenous	25	28	18	15	14	0	53	29	54
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	34	17	12	10	0	60	23	1436

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	30	11	4	10	75	14	65
2022	First Nations	34	46	10	0	11	79	11	20
2022	Métis	48	24	12	6	10	72	16	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	11	8	5	76	13	1890
2020	Indigenous	40	34	10	10	6	75	15	97
2020	First Nations	35	40	13	4	7	75	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	8	3	78	11	2227
2019	Indigenous	31	39	9	16	5	70	21	78
2019	First Nations	31	29	17	16	7	60	23	41
2019	Métis	35	48	0	14	3	83	17	34
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	38	11	10	6	73	16	2016
2018	Indigenous	26	35	17	10	12	61	22	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	37	15	13	8	64	21	1443

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	30	15	15	5	5	1	64	21	65
2022	First Nations	16	43	11	15	11	0	5	61	27	20
2022	Métis	33	25	17	16	2	7	0	62	20	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	38	16	10	6	3	0	65	18	1885
2020	Indigenous	25	41	11	11	9	2	1	68	20	96
2020	First Nations	24	40	17	7	8	4	0	67	15	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	42	17	8	3	3	0	71	11	2238
2019	Indigenous	26	29	18	16	9	1	0	56	26	81
2019	First Nations	20	36	14	17	14	0	0	56	30	41
2019	Métis	36	15	25	16	5	3	0	52	22	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	43	17	12	6	3	0	64	19	2032
2018	Indigenous	12	32	22	16	14	3	0	46	30	55
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	36	21	14	9	3	0	54	24	1443

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	28	15	6	8	0	71	14	65
2022	First Nations	46	23	6	20	5	0	69	25	20
2022	Métis	41	30	20	0	10	0	70	10	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	31	7	6	5	0	82	11	1890
2020	Indigenous	49	26	11	11	3	0	75	14	97
2020	First Nations	49	19	16	15	1	0	68	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	7	3	0	82	10	2236
2019	Indigenous	46	29	9	9	7	0	75	16	81
2019	First Nations	48	27	8	8	9	0	75	18	42
2019	Métis	47	31	8	8	5	0	78	13	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	30	7	9	4	0	80	13	2027
2018	Indigenous	45	33	7	9	5	2	79	14	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	32	10	9	7	0	74	16	1448

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	22	19	5	19	0	5	54	25	65
2022	First Nations	11	20	41	4	18	0	6	33	23	20
2022	Métis	39	20	12	6	20	0	2	61	27	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	29	16	9	9	0	1	66	18	1890
2020	Indigenous	32	19	21	18	7	1	2	53	26	96
2020	First Nations	39	25	22	9	2	1	2	66	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	28	17	8	8	1	1	66	17	2233
2019	Indigenous	32	25	16	14	12	0	1	58	26	82
2019	First Nations	26	36	16	17	4	0	0	63	21	42
2019	Métis	41	14	13	10	19	0	3	56	30	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	27	18	11	11	0	1	60	22	2031
2018	Indigenous	30	17	13	15	22	0	2	49	38	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	26	19	13	13	0	1	55	26	1448

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	26	3	3	5	4	3	89	8	65
2022	First Nations	52	38	5	5	0	0	0	90	5	20
2022	Métis	55	23	2	3	7	5	5	87	10	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	19	4	2	2	1	1	91	5	1890

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	25	32	65
2022	First Nations	48	15	37	20
2022	Métis	42	26	32	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	32	31	1890
2020	Indigenous	26	33	41	97
2020	First Nations	25	26	49	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	44	34	2250
2019	Indigenous	31	33	36	82
2019	First Nations	27	32	42	42
2019	Métis	35	35	30	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	37	36	2040
2018	Indigenous	27	25	47	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	37	36	1444

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	24	37	3	19	7	30
2022	Métis	0	31	35	0	24	10	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	34	23	4	16	6	685
2020	Indigenous	19	27	32	10	12	0	26
2020	First Nations	22	23	39	0	15	0	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	35	24	4	16	5	487
2019	Indigenous	12	28	49	4	0	8	26
2019	First Nations	8	8	67	8	0	10	12
2019	Métis	16	48	36	0	0	0	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	25	5	16	7	515
2018	Indigenous	20	18	36	15	11	0	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	34	29	5	11	5	385

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	38	7	4	5	0	0	84	9	65
2022	First Nations	29	49	12	0	11	0	0	77	11	20
2022	Métis	55	31	6	6	2	0	0	86	8	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	34	7	4	2	0	0	87	7	1890
2020	Indigenous	58	31	2	5	3	0	1	90	8	97
2020	First Nations	52	39	0	6	1	0	2	93	7	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	36	6	4	1	0	0	89	5	2243
2019	Indigenous	51	35	10	4	0	0	0	86	4	82
2019	First Nations	53	36	11	0	0	0	0	89	0	42
2019	Métis	53	31	8	8	0	0	0	84	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	38	9	5	2	0	0	83	7	2029
2018	Indigenous	39	43	6	7	0	4	0	86	7	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	41	8	5	2	0	0	86	7	1446

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	43	10	7	5	0	0	79	11	65
2022	First Nations	20	48	21	0	11	0	0	68	11	20
2022	Métis	43	39	6	10	2	0	0	82	12	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	41	14	10	5	1	0	71	15	1890
2020	Indigenous	42	37	10	9	1	0	1	80	10	97
2020	First Nations	42	37	13	6	0	0	2	81	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	41	10	5	2	1	0	83	7	2244
2019	Indigenous	30	45	12	10	2	0	0	75	13	82
2019	First Nations	30	52	5	11	2	0	0	82	14	42
2019	Métis	32	39	19	8	3	0	0	71	10	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	43	16	8	3	1	0	72	12	2032
2018	Indigenous	25	46	15	9	3	2	0	72	12	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	44	16	11	5	1	0	69	15	1438

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	31	18	13	12	0	5	26	55	65
2022	First Nations	22	48	21	5	4	0	0	9	70	20
2022	Métis	23	24	13	16	16	0	7	35	50	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	24	33	16	10	0	2	27	39	1885
2020	Indigenous	10	28	31	19	9	2	1	29	39	97
2020	First Nations	7	21	35	24	8	4	0	34	29	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	21	33	20	12	2	2	33	33	2246
2019	Indigenous	14	25	37	15	9	0	0	24	39	80
2019	First Nations	11	28	37	11	12	0	0	24	39	42
2019	Métis	13	24	37	20	5	0	0	25	37	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	27	34	16	7	1	1	23	42	2034
2018	Indigenous	12	33	30	12	12	0	2	24	45	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	31	34	14	6	1	1	20	46	1448

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	26	23	14	9	3	10	26	47	65
2022	First Nations	11	35	29	11	9	0	5	21	48	20
2022	Métis	15	22	23	14	9	4	13	28	45	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	20	33	18	12	1	4	32	34	1885
2020	Indigenous	7	18	31	26	12	5	1	40	26	96
2020	First Nations	6	17	34	29	6	8	0	38	25	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	18	30	23	15	3	2	40	29	2242
2019	Indigenous	13	29	35	8	15	0	0	23	42	81
2019	First Nations	13	27	35	8	17	0	0	25	40	42
2019	Métis	11	31	36	8	14	0	0	22	42	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	22	32	19	10	1	3	31	36	2026
2018	Indigenous	18	23	32	16	11	0	0	27	41	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	25	30	18	8	1	2	27	42	1444

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	16	29	23	17	0	8	43	26	65
2022	First Nations	0	26	48	17	9	0	0	26	26	20
2022	Métis	12	13	19	24	21	0	11	51	28	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	15	28	27	17	1	3	45	26	1880
2020	Indigenous	5	13	30	29	18	3	2	50	19	95
2020	First Nations	2	9	34	31	17	5	2	52	12	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	13	27	28	20	2	3	51	21	2226
2019	Indigenous	7	12	38	19	20	1	2	41	20	80
2019	First Nations	7	11	45	11	21	0	4	34	19	42
2019	Métis	5	15	28	28	21	3	0	51	21	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	15	31	27	15	0	2	43	25	2021
2018	Indigenous	6	22	35	25	12	0	0	37	28	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	18	33	24	12	1	2	37	30	1434

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	18	16	16	19	0	8	39	44	65
2022	First Nations	22	25	22	11	20	0	0	31	47	20
2022	Métis	23	17	11	18	20	0	11	43	45	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	18	26	18	17	2	3	37	36	1880
2020	Indigenous	10	23	25	20	16	3	2	39	35	95
2020	First Nations	7	26	28	17	15	5	2	34	36	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	15	25	24	19	3	3	46	28	2242
2019	Indigenous	27	14	18	19	20	1	2	40	42	82
2019	First Nations	20	20	16	17	24	0	2	42	41	42
2019	Métis	29	8	21	21	16	3	3	40	38	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	19	27	21	16	1	2	38	34	2023
2018	Indigenous	23	29	18	19	10	0	2	29	53	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	25	28	14	8	2	2	23	48	1444

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	20	25	9	21	2	8	33	39	65
2022	First Nations	10	16	50	11	14	0	0	25	26	20
2022	Métis	16	21	17	7	25	3	12	37	43	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	19	23	21	17	3	5	41	34	1885
2020	Indigenous	15	16	29	15	21	4	1	37	32	96
2020	First Nations	9	16	31	14	22	8	1	39	27	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	15	27	24	18	6	2	46	25	2232
2019	Indigenous	20	25	28	10	13	1	2	24	47	80
2019	First Nations	15	29	28	9	16	0	2	26	45	42
2019	Métis	26	19	29	9	11	3	3	21	48	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	20	29	21	13	2	3	36	34	2020
2018	Indigenous	28	21	21	16	11	0	2	28	50	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	29	19	10	2	2	31	39	1441

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	25	33	9	9	0	8	20	45	65
2022	First Nations	16	16	59	5	4	0	0	9	32	20
2022	Métis	16	28	24	9	11	0	11	23	50	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	21	33	17	11	1	3	29	37	1885
2020	Indigenous	13	25	27	17	12	4	2	31	40	96
2020	First Nations	10	22	27	17	13	9	2	34	36	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	19	33	18	12	2	2	32	33	2240
2019	Indigenous	24	23	32	14	6	1	0	20	47	82
2019	First Nations	26	13	38	18	5	0	0	22	39	42
2019	Métis	18	36	24	10	8	3	0	19	56	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	24	32	17	8	1	2	26	41	2031
2018	Indigenous	24	15	48	8	5	0	0	13	40	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	27	34	14	5	1	1	19	46	1448

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	14	34	25	15	0	6	42	21	65
2022	First Nations	5	10	47	23	14	0	0	37	15	20
2022	Métis	6	15	31	23	16	0	9	43	23	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	10	34	30	20	0	1	51	14	1885
2020	Indigenous	7	24	31	26	11	1	1	38	31	97
2020	First Nations	5	17	29	31	14	2	2	47	23	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	14	39	26	14	1	1	40	20	2244
2019	Indigenous	23	24	30	19	4	0	0	23	47	82
2019	First Nations	20	28	18	27	7	0	0	34	48	42
2019	Métis	25	18	46	11	0	0	0	11	43	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	23	36	19	8	0	1	28	35	2032

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	31	10	17	22	0	52	39	65
2022	First Nations	16	22	15	16	32	0	38	47	20
2022	Métis	22	35	6	18	19	0	57	37	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	30	16	21	17	1	46	38	1885
2020	Indigenous	24	30	15	18	11	3	55	29	97
2020	First Nations	24	31	9	25	5	6	59	32	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	38	14	14	6	2	65	21	2230
2019	Indigenous	16	24	11	27	22	0	40	49	82
2019	First Nations	19	17	9	33	23	0	35	56	42
2019	Métis	14	35	15	18	18	0	48	36	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	31	17	22	14	1	45	37	2026

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	17	11	5	3	1	80	8	65
2022	First Nations	52	17	11	10	5	5	73	16	20
2022	Métis	64	18	12	3	2	0	82	6	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	25	6	7	4	1	83	11	1890
2020	Indigenous	56	20	9	7	7	1	77	14	97
2020	First Nations	57	21	8	7	7	0	78	14	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	25	8	7	4	1	82	11	2247
2019	Indigenous	48	24	10	11	8	0	72	19	82
2019	First Nations	43	24	9	16	9	0	67	25	42
2019	Métis	55	22	12	3	8	0	78	11	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	27	9	10	6	0	74	16	2036
2018	Indigenous	30	30	10	16	11	2	61	28	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	31	9	13	10	1	68	23	1444

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	27	7	0	2	92	2	65
2022	First Nations	64	26	10	0	0	90	0	20
2022	Métis	62	30	6	0	2	92	2	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	26	4	3	2	91	6	1885
2020	Indigenous	65	23	5	4	3	88	7	97
2020	First Nations	63	29	2	2	4	92	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	27	4	4	2	90	6	2241
2019	Indigenous	55	27	3	10	5	82	14	82
2019	First Nations	56	21	4	14	5	77	19	42
2019	Métis	56	34	3	3	5	90	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	33	6	8	3	83	11	2027
2018	Indigenous	42	33	14	7	5	74	12	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	37	7	10	4	80	13	1449

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	31	8	6	2	0	84	7	65
2022	First Nations	58	27	0	15	0	0	85	15	20
2022	Métis	51	32	12	2	2	0	83	4	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	29	9	3	3	2	85	6	1885
2020	Indigenous	48	32	10	3	5	2	82	8	96
2020	First Nations	37	45	10	0	7	1	83	7	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	33	9	4	2	2	86	5	2227
2019	Indigenous	46	34	7	8	2	3	82	11	82
2019	First Nations	47	28	9	14	0	2	77	14	42
2019	Métis	48	39	3	3	5	3	89	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	38	9	5	3	1	82	8	2034
2018	Indigenous	38	44	6	3	7	2	83	10	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	38	14	6	4	2	75	10	1448

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	33	18	9	4	1	69	13	65
2022	First Nations	25	54	10	5	6	0	79	11	20
2022	Métis	37	24	22	11	4	2	63	15	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	34	11	7	5	2	76	12	1890
2020	Indigenous	41	35	7	8	9	0	76	17	96
2020	First Nations	40	34	10	9	7	0	74	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	38	9	5	2	2	83	8	2227
2019	Indigenous	35	31	20	7	6	1	67	13	80
2019	First Nations	33	33	18	5	9	3	67	14	41
2019	Métis	41	28	20	8	3	0	69	10	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	39	11	8	3	1	78	11	2024
2018	Indigenous	33	40	8	5	10	3	76	16	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	41	13	6	3	2	78	9	1441

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	38	16	7	3	2	0	74	10	65
2022	First Nations	30	33	21	15	0	0	0	63	15	20
2022	Métis	37	38	14	4	4	2	0	77	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	33	13	5	3	7	1	77	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	45	32	11	4	7	2	0	78	11	97
2020	First Nations	38	36	9	5	7	4	0	77	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	33	11	3	2	3	0	84	5	2242
2019	Indigenous	51	22	16	3	4	5	0	77	6	81
2019	First Nations	46	25	14	3	5	7	0	77	8	41
2019	Métis	56	19	17	3	3	3	0	77	5	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	35	12	4	2	3	0	82	6	2016
2018	Indigenous	34	44	7	5	7	3	0	81	12	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	37	14	5	3	3	0	78	8	1443

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	26	5	12	3	79	15	65
2022	First Nations	42	27	10	16	5	69	21	20
2022	Métis	57	25	4	11	2	83	14	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	7	6	3	84	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	63	23	5	5	5	85	10	97
2020	First Nations	62	21	4	6	7	83	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	27	5	3	2	90	4	2242
2019	Indigenous	48	32	12	4	4	80	7	82
2019	First Nations	45	29	17	5	5	73	9	42
2019	Métis	54	36	5	3	3	90	5	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	35	8	5	2	85	7	2030
2018	Indigenous	32	45	9	7	8	77	15	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	37	10	5	3	82	9	1443

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	21	5	7	7	3	3	81	14	65
2022	First Nations	57	34	0	5	5	0	0	90	10	20
2022	Métis	54	16	7	8	8	4	4	76	17	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	22	9	4	2	7	4	83	6	1890

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	25	4	11	4	4	3	79	17	65
2022	First Nations	57	29	0	10	5	0	0	85	15	20
2022	Métis	44	24	6	13	5	6	4	75	19	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	23	10	4	2	7	4	83	7	1890

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	28	18	12	3	3	0	66	15	65
2022	First Nations	27	30	17	26	0	0	0	57	26	20
2022	Métis	37	29	20	6	5	4	0	68	12	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	25	20	5	3	13	1	67	10	1890
2020	Indigenous	39	29	15	6	5	3	3	73	11	96
2020	First Nations	36	31	15	6	6	5	2	72	12	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	31	14	3	2	5	1	80	5	2244

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	28	9	6	3	3	3	81	9	65
2022	First Nations	41	27	11	12	5	5	0	71	17	20
2022	Métis	48	30	9	4	2	2	4	84	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	29	7	4	3	5	3	84	8	1890
2020	Indigenous	50	30	7	5	5	2	2	83	10	96
2020	First Nations	47	35	8	2	5	2	2	85	7	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	30	8	3	2	3	2	86	6	2240

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	20	28	5	3	31	1	47	12	65
2022	First Nations	10	36	21	6	5	23	0	59	14	20
2022	Métis	13	14	32	6	2	32	2	40	11	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	17	24	3	3	38	4	50	10	1885

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	0	22	15	40	11	0	13	62	20

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	41	14	1	5	7	5	77	7	65
2022	First Nations	35	28	16	5	5	11	0	71	11	20
2022	Métis	24	44	14	0	5	6	7	78	5	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	26	17	6	5	8	6	68	12	1885
2020	Indigenous	35	23	9	6	10	8	9	70	19	96
2020	First Nations	36	19	14	3	7	10	11	69	14	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	17	7	4	9	5	68	12	2250
2019	Indigenous	30	30	13	10	9	6	2	66	20	82
2019	First Nations	33	27	14	9	12	3	2	63	22	42
2019	Métis	29	35	12	8	5	8	3	72	15	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	29	15	10	7	5	3	65	19	2028
2018	Indigenous	18	20	23	23	12	3	2	40	36	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	30	19	13	10	4	3	55	24	1449

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	32	15	13	4	1	1	67	17	65
2022	First Nations	35	32	23	11	0	0	0	66	11	20
2022	Métis	33	30	13	14	6	2	2	66	21	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	35	12	9	5	3	1	73	14	1890
2020	Indigenous	38	35	6	8	8	2	3	76	17	97
2020	First Nations	35	38	10	6	2	4	5	80	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	11	6	3	2	1	79	10	2241
2019	Indigenous	33	36	11	11	8	0	1	70	20	82
2019	First Nations	27	38	6	17	9	0	3	67	27	42
2019	Métis	40	33	17	5	5	0	0	73	10	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	15	11	6	2	1	66	18	2031
2018	Indigenous	21	49	13	10	3	3	0	73	14	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	39	14	11	6	2	0	68	18	1438

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	40	16	4	3	0	77	7	65
2022	First Nations	35	22	39	5	0	0	56	5	20
2022	Métis	38	46	8	4	5	0	84	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	34	17	6	4	2	73	10	1890
2020	Indigenous	46	30	11	6	5	1	77	11	96
2020	First Nations	46	35	11	6	0	2	82	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	36	11	5	2	1	82	7	2237
2019	Indigenous	36	34	17	6	7	1	70	13	82
2019	First Nations	29	36	16	9	7	3	67	16	42
2019	Métis	45	34	11	3	8	0	79	10	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	19	8	4	1	69	12	2024
2018	Indigenous	22	40	19	10	5	5	65	16	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	37	20	9	5	1	65	14	1432

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	25	19	13	15	6	1	50	30	65
2022	First Nations	30	16	18	20	10	5	0	49	31	20
2022	Métis	16	27	20	10	18	6	2	48	31	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	26	16	10	10	9	3	59	23	1890
2020	Indigenous	30	30	12	11	12	4	1	63	24	96
2020	First Nations	28	34	14	12	9	3	0	64	21	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	26	16	9	7	9	1	63	19	2243
2019	Indigenous	25	26	14	13	22	1	0	51	35	82
2019	First Nations	27	17	18	15	23	0	0	44	38	42
2019	Métis	24	35	11	9	18	3	0	61	28	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	23	21	13	11	9	2	49	28	2031
2018	Indigenous	18	22	16	13	20	10	0	45	37	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	22	21	14	15	8	1	44	33	1440

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	32	3	8	3	87	11	65
2022	First Nations	46	43	6	0	5	89	5	20
2022	Métis	57	28	2	11	2	85	13	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	37	2	5	2	91	7	1890
2020	Indigenous	48	40	0	9	2	89	11	97
2020	First Nations	47	42	0	9	2	89	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	42	2	8	2	88	9	2248

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	22	4	5	5	0	85	10	65
2022	First Nations	63	21	11	6	0	0	83	6	20
2022	Métis	63	23	2	5	8	0	86	13	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	6	6	3	1	85	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	41	41	3	9	6	0	83	15	97
2020	First Nations	42	42	4	9	4	0	83	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	8	10	3	1	79	13	2250
2019	Indigenous	51	24	8	12	6	0	74	17	82
2019	First Nations	64	18	4	7	6	0	82	13	42
2019	Métis	39	32	11	16	3	0	70	18	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	32	6	10	4	0	79	15	2036

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	34	7	15	2	77	17	65
2022	First Nations	56	23	5	16	0	79	16	20
2022	Métis	37	37	8	16	2	74	18	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	35	6	5	3	86	8	1890
2020	Indigenous	38	44	5	10	3	83	12	97
2020	First Nations	44	42	0	12	3	85	15	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	38	7	7	2	83	10	2231
2019	Indigenous	43	35	11	9	3	78	11	80
2019	First Nations	54	38	0	5	3	92	8	40
2019	Métis	32	29	23	13	3	62	16	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	37	7	7	4	82	11	2021

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	83	14	0	0	1	2	99	1	65
2022	First Nations	84	16	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	86	10	0	0	2	2	98	2	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	14	1	1	1	0	97	1	1890
2020	Indigenous	87	8	1	3	0	0	96	3	95
2020	First Nations	94	2	0	4	0	0	96	4	48
2020	Non-Indigenous	84	12	2	2	1	0	96	3	2240

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	85	7	3	0	2	4	96	2	65
2022	First Nations	95	5	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	80	8	4	0	2	5	93	2	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	86	6	2	1	2	3	95	3	1890
2019	Indigenous	82	6	6	0	2	5	91	2	81
2019	First Nations	91	4	3	0	0	2	97	0	41
2019	Métis	74	8	8	0	5	5	87	5	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	83	8	3	2	1	3	94	3	2020

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	14	13	8	6	12	3	70	16	65
2022	First Nations	42	25	16	6	0	6	5	76	6	20
2022	Métis	46	10	12	7	8	15	2	67	18	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	22	13	4	2	9	2	79	7	1890
2020	Indigenous	44	30	8	7	2	9	1	81	10	97
2020	First Nations	45	35	3	8	0	8	2	88	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	24	11	4	2	9	2	82	6	2247
2019	Indigenous	44	16	13	3	6	17	1	73	11	82
2019	First Nations	46	20	11	2	2	19	0	81	5	42
2019	Métis	42	10	16	5	8	16	3	64	16	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	22	12	4	3	9	2	79	8	2031

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1890
2020	Indigenous	14	86	97
2020	First Nations	11	89	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2249
2019	Indigenous	16	84	82
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2034
2018	Indigenous	24	76	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1446

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	160
2020	Indigenous	34	66	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	190
2018	Indigenous	56	44	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	231

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	160
2019	Indigenous	54	46	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	36	275

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	160
2020	Indigenous	0	100	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	190
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	275

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	275

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	275
2018	Indigenous	0	100	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	231

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	160

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	160
2019	Indigenous	0	100	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	275
2018	Indigenous	0	100	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	231

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	160
2019	Indigenous	44	56	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	274

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	160
2020	Indigenous	44	56	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	58	190
2019	Indigenous	54	46	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	274
2018	Indigenous	49	51	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	231

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	160
2019	Indigenous	54	46	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	274

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	160
2020	Indigenous	56	44	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	190
2019	Indigenous	44	56	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	274
2018	Indigenous	49	51	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	231

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	160
2019	Indigenous	41	59	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	274

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	160
2020	Indigenous	48	52	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	190
2019	Indigenous	37	63	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	274

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	160

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	160

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	160

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	160

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	160
2020	Indigenous	63	37	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	190
2019	Indigenous	39	61	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	274
2018	Indigenous	56	44	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	231

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	160

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	160

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	160
2020	Indigenous	49	51	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	190
2019	Indigenous	64	36	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	273
2018	Indigenous	56	44	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	230

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	160
2019	Indigenous	41	59	13
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	273

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	160
2020	Indigenous	0	100	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	190

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	160
2020	Indigenous	55	45	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	190
2018	Indigenous	34	66	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	79	230

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	160
2018	Indigenous	0	100	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	230

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	160
2018	Indigenous	35	65	14
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	230

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	160

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	160

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	160

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	150

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	150

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	150

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	150

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	150

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	150

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	150

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	150

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	150

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	150

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	150

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	150

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	150

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	150

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	150

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	150

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	9	13	13	4	26	15	50	29	65
2022	Métis	27	0	8	13	4	30	18	52	33	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	14	13	5	5	36	10	57	18	1885
2020	Indigenous	25	14	12	6	11	25	7	57	25	97
2020	First Nations	20	18	15	6	5	25	10	59	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	17	15	6	4	25	7	63	15	2244
2019	Indigenous	15	15	30	5	8	16	11	42	18	82
2019	First Nations	18	14	34	3	9	11	12	41	15	42
2019	Métis	14	19	28	3	5	22	10	48	11	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	16	20	7	7	24	8	49	21	2036
2018	Indigenous	15	19	22	14	16	12	2	40	35	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	17	25	8	8	24	4	43	23	1448

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	29	14	8	3	4	3	74	12	65
2022	Métis	47	16	16	10	2	5	4	69	13	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	31	13	5	4	9	1	76	10	1885
2020	Indigenous	43	28	10	6	7	6	1	75	14	97
2020	First Nations	40	30	12	6	3	7	2	77	10	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	30	13	4	3	5	1	79	8	2241
2019	Indigenous	36	31	13	9	3	4	4	72	13	82
2019	First Nations	27	33	15	12	4	3	7	66	18	42
2019	Métis	45	31	13	3	3	6	0	81	5	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	30	16	7	4	7	1	71	12	2032
2018	Indigenous	27	29	18	10	12	3	0	58	23	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	19	10	5	8	1	63	17	1446

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1890
2020	Indigenous	9	91	97
2020	Métis	13	87	45
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2243
2019	Indigenous	12	88	82
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2038
2018	Indigenous	18	82	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1440

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	110

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	16	110

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	110

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	110
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	104

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	110
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	104

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	110

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	110
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	105

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	104
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	105

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	104

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	110

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	110

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	104

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	110

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	110

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	104

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	110

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	110
2019	Indigenous	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	104

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	110

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	110

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	110

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	104

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	110
2018	Indigenous	45	55	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	105

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	105

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	110
2018	Indigenous	45	55	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	105

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	104
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	105

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	110
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	104

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	110

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	100

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	100

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	100

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	100

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	100

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	100

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	100

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	100

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	100

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	100

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	100

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	100

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	100

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	20	10	6	3	30	9	69	15	65
2022	Métis	29	10	8	5	2	32	14	72	14	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	14	17	3	3	38	7	59	11	1890
2020	Indigenous	25	14	13	4	8	24	12	61	19	95
2020	First Nations	21	21	16	4	3	17	18	64	11	48
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	17	17	3	2	28	6	67	7	2242
2019	Indigenous	20	15	22	7	5	23	8	51	18	81
2019	First Nations	22	14	21	7	7	19	10	51	20	41
2019	Métis	19	17	24	3	3	27	8	55	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	15	21	3	3	29	8	56	11	2032
2018	Indigenous	20	18	27	4	15	15	0	45	23	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	18	26	5	3	29	4	50	12	1447

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	28	13	6	3	5	1	76	10	65
2022	Métis	52	17	11	7	2	8	2	78	11	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	31	14	4	3	11	2	76	8	1890
2020	Indigenous	46	26	12	5	6	4	1	76	11	97
2020	First Nations	45	32	11	4	3	3	2	80	7	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	13	3	2	6	1	81	6	2243
2019	Indigenous	39	25	12	6	5	10	4	74	12	82
2019	First Nations	36	25	11	7	7	7	7	71	16	42
2019	Métis	43	28	13	3	3	11	0	80	6	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	28	17	4	2	9	1	75	7	2035
2018	Indigenous	27	31	24	8	10	0	0	58	18	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	31	21	5	3	11	1	67	9	1444

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	65
2022	First Nations	21	79	20
2022	Métis	29	71	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1890
2020	Indigenous	21	79	97
2020	First Nations	19	81	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2240
2019	Indigenous	32	68	80
2019	First Nations	33	67	41
2019	Métis	29	71	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	2037

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	20
2022	Métis	40	60	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	32	275
2020	Indigenous	51	49	21
2020	First Nations	68	32	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	39	329

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	15
2022	Métis	52	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	275
2020	Indigenous	73	27	21
2020	First Nations	73	27	10
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	19	329
2019	Indigenous	73	27	27
2019	First Nations	77	23	14
2019	Métis	64	36	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	87	13	392

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	28	4	13	4	78	18	200
2020	Indigenous	28	46	13	13	0	74	13	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	30	6	7	3	84	10	267
2019	Indigenous	45	29	6	19	0	75	19	20
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	28	5	11	5	78	16	337

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	26	3	7	5	2	1	85	12	65
2022	First Nations	51	49	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	57	17	4	10	8	2	2	77	18	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	28	5	6	2	2	2	86	8	1890
2020	Indigenous	60	24	3	2	8	1	2	87	10	97
2020	First Nations	61	24	4	2	7	0	2	87	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	28	6	4	1	2	2	88	6	2244

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	40	9	3	5	35
2022	First Nations	43	38	9	10	0	10
2022	Métis	45	38	9	0	8	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	32	7	1	11	910

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	35
2022	First Nations	17	83	10
2022	Métis	47	53	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	945

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	9	91	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	940

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	35
2022	First Nations	54	46	10
2022	Métis	28	72	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	940

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	35
2022	First Nations	27	73	10
2022	Métis	17	83	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	940

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	35
2022	First Nations	28	72	10
2022	Métis	8	92	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	940

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	35
2022	First Nations	29	71	10
2022	Métis	15	85	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	940

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	35
2022	First Nations	10	90	10
2022	Métis	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	940

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	4	96	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	940

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	4	96	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	940

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	35
2022	First Nations	29	71	10
2022	Métis	4	96	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	940

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	13	87	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	940

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	940

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	35
2022	First Nations	18	82	10
2022	Métis	47	53	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	940

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	88	6	3	0	0	3	97	0	35
2022	First Nations	90	10	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Métis	91	4	5	0	0	0	95	0	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	81	9	3	1	2	4	94	3	945

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	5	12	14	49	6	3	69	18	35
2022	First Nations	0	8	19	10	42	10	10	65	11	10
2022	Métis	17	4	9	16	50	4	0	69	22	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	10	14	13	51	3	4	68	17	945

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	5	16	12	57	0	3	72	11	35
2022	First Nations	0	0	7	30	52	0	10	92	0	10
2022	Métis	9	8	17	4	62	0	0	66	17	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	18	15	16	41	2	2	59	25	945

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	24	8	10	2	0	80	12	65
2022	First Nations	53	36	5	7	0	0	88	7	20
2022	Métis	57	19	10	12	2	0	76	15	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	24	5	5	4	1	86	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	51	26	6	6	11	1	77	17	97
2020	First Nations	48	32	7	4	9	0	80	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	25	7	5	3	1	84	9	2236

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	6	7	9	43	7	25	77	13	65
2022	First Nations	5	15	12	6	52	10	0	64	23	20
2022	Métis	2	2	5	9	42	6	32	84	8	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	3	11	5	48	5	26	77	7	1885

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	35	13	8	8	1	71	16	65
2022	First Nations	25	43	22	10	0	0	68	10	20
2022	Métis	40	29	10	7	12	2	70	20	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	39	10	6	3	1	81	9	1890
2020	Indigenous	54	35	5	4	2	0	89	6	97
2020	First Nations	56	34	10	0	0	0	90	0	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	35	6	3	1	1	90	4	2238
2019	Indigenous	45	39	7	5	1	3	86	6	81
2019	First Nations	39	49	5	2	3	3	90	5	41
2019	Métis	52	30	8	8	0	3	84	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	36	8	4	2	0	86	6	2028
2018	Indigenous	34	56	3	3	3	0	90	7	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	4	3	1	84	7	1440

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	23	40	20	8	65
2022	First Nations	10	22	47	16	6	20
2022	Métis	10	21	38	22	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	29	37	20	5	1890

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	28	8	1	3	1	0	88	5	65
2022	First Nations	52	48	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	60	20	11	2	5	2	0	82	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	23	6	4	3	2	1	87	6	1890
2020	Indigenous	53	20	9	3	10	5	0	77	14	96
2020	First Nations	52	26	10	2	9	2	0	79	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	23	11	3	2	3	0	83	6	2234

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	17	5	20	3	0	0	72	23	65
2022	First Nations	57	16	5	17	5	0	0	73	21	20
2022	Métis	53	17	6	23	2	0	0	70	25	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	23	6	9	7	1	1	77	17	1890
2020	Indigenous	43	25	8	8	16	0	0	68	24	96
2020	First Nations	46	18	13	10	13	0	0	64	23	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	26	10	10	7	1	0	73	17	2243

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	38	8	15	9	0	0	68	24	65
2022	First Nations	25	38	5	32	0	0	0	63	32	20
2022	Métis	30	39	9	9	13	0	0	68	22	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	36	12	11	6	2	1	70	18	1890
2020	Indigenous	45	26	8	13	7	1	1	72	20	96
2020	First Nations	45	28	10	14	3	0	0	73	17	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	32	12	7	4	1	0	77	11	2249
2019	Indigenous	30	28	13	17	11	1	0	59	27	82
2019	First Nations	30	27	11	20	12	0	0	57	32	42
2019	Métis	32	30	17	11	8	3	0	63	19	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	36	13	12	8	1	0	66	21	2035
2018	Indigenous	31	32	13	14	11	0	0	62	25	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	34	14	14	11	1	0	60	26	1448

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	46	10	9	0	0	0	81	9	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	56	7	10	3	1	1	80	13	375
2020	Indigenous	26	50	13	12	0	0	0	75	12	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	47	10	9	2	0	1	79	11	433
2019	Indigenous	8	67	8	17	0	0	0	75	17	11
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	49	17	8	2	1	1	73	10	358

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	20	13	6	16	0	65	22	65
2022	First Nations	36	32	17	5	10	0	68	15	20
2022	Métis	48	14	13	6	19	0	62	25	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	32	15	8	8	1	68	16	1875
2020	Indigenous	36	22	22	9	10	1	59	19	96
2020	First Nations	29	25	20	11	13	2	55	25	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	30	20	8	7	0	65	15	2246
2019	Indigenous	28	19	19	17	17	0	47	34	82
2019	First Nations	35	19	19	13	14	0	54	27	42
2019	Métis	19	18	21	20	21	0	37	41	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	29	22	12	15	0	51	27	2036
2018	Indigenous	20	19	21	16	22	2	40	39	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	26	21	13	20	0	45	33	1448

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	17	18	19	29	0	0	34	48	65
2022	First Nations	9	16	17	42	16	0	0	26	58	20
2022	Métis	21	16	15	11	36	0	0	38	47	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	27	23	13	19	0	1	44	33	1870
2020	Indigenous	22	15	25	18	17	2	2	38	36	97
2020	First Nations	22	19	22	14	17	3	4	43	33	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	26	24	13	13	1	0	49	27	2247
2019	Indigenous	19	27	24	10	19	0	0	47	29	81
2019	First Nations	23	30	25	4	17	0	0	53	21	42
2019	Métis	16	25	21	17	20	0	0	41	37	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	26	24	15	15	0	0	46	30	2036
2018	Indigenous	16	20	21	21	21	0	0	36	43	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	25	26	17	19	0	0	37	36	1447

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	18	14	22	11	0	3	51	34	65
2022	First Nations	20	21	29	25	5	0	0	42	30	20
2022	Métis	39	17	7	19	14	0	4	59	34	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	20	11	11	0	2	57	22	1880
2020	Indigenous	36	15	28	10	7	2	2	53	17	97
2020	First Nations	38	12	31	9	3	3	2	53	14	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	28	19	9	7	1	1	64	17	2240
2019	Indigenous	37	23	23	12	5	0	1	61	16	82
2019	First Nations	39	23	23	13	0	0	2	63	13	42
2019	Métis	38	25	18	11	8	0	0	63	19	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	28	21	11	9	0	1	59	20	2026
2018	Indigenous	20	28	24	18	8	0	2	50	26	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	28	26	15	11	0	1	48	26	1438

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	12	10	16	33	0	0	41	49	65
2022	First Nations	26	11	15	15	33	0	0	37	48	20
2022	Métis	32	9	8	16	35	0	0	41	50	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	23	21	14	20	1	1	44	34	1885
2020	Indigenous	24	20	17	16	19	2	2	46	37	96
2020	First Nations	27	17	16	19	15	3	2	47	36	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	25	19	13	12	2	1	55	26	2231
2019	Indigenous	18	27	15	18	23	0	0	44	41	82
2019	First Nations	25	21	17	21	15	0	0	46	36	42
2019	Métis	11	35	10	16	29	0	0	45	45	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	20	15	16	1	1	48	32	2029
2018	Indigenous	12	15	20	22	31	0	0	27	53	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	23	23	18	22	0	0	37	40	1437

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	9	12	5	3	0	13	78	8	65
2022	First Nations	53	10	21	11	0	0	6	67	12	20
2022	Métis	64	7	8	2	4	0	15	84	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	17	7	4	3	1	9	84	8	1875
2020	Indigenous	60	12	12	3	3	5	5	80	7	96
2020	First Nations	62	12	7	4	4	9	2	83	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	19	10	5	3	1	5	82	8	2234
2019	Indigenous	57	25	10	1	0	0	6	88	1	82
2019	First Nations	62	20	9	2	0	0	7	88	2	42
2019	Métis	54	34	6	0	0	0	6	94	0	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	22	10	4	3	0	5	82	7	2028
2018	Indigenous	50	27	7	2	2	2	10	88	4	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	23	11	5	4	0	8	78	10	1436

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	30	8	14	11	1	1	66	26	65
2022	First Nations	31	29	6	29	5	0	0	60	34	20
2022	Métis	38	28	10	6	14	2	2	68	21	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	29	19	9	8	0	1	64	17	1885
2020	Indigenous	32	28	15	12	11	1	0	61	24	95
2020	First Nations	31	29	17	9	12	1	0	61	21	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	28	18	10	8	0	0	64	18	2239
2019	Indigenous	36	26	20	13	5	0	0	62	17	82
2019	First Nations	39	25	16	13	6	0	0	64	20	42
2019	Métis	33	29	22	13	3	0	0	63	15	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	30	18	8	7	0	0	67	15	2032
2018	Indigenous	23	25	22	14	13	0	2	50	27	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	26	22	10	11	0	1	56	22	1444

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	29	16	10	10	0	0	63	21	65
2022	First Nations	20	33	15	15	17	0	0	54	31	20
2022	Métis	42	24	16	9	9	0	0	67	18	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	32	19	9	7	1	1	64	17	1880
2020	Indigenous	33	34	12	9	8	3	0	70	18	96
2020	First Nations	35	33	17	8	4	3	0	70	13	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	32	17	7	3	1	1	73	10	2240
2019	Indigenous	33	29	23	10	5	0	1	63	14	82
2019	First Nations	26	33	29	7	5	0	0	59	11	42
2019	Métis	43	24	11	14	5	0	3	69	19	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	36	20	9	6	0	1	65	16	2030
2018	Indigenous	24	36	19	17	4	0	0	60	21	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	39	21	10	7	1	1	60	18	1440

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	29	9	15	22	0	0	54	37	65
2022	First Nations	9	33	6	26	26	0	0	42	52	20
2022	Métis	33	27	9	10	21	0	0	60	31	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	30	20	12	14	0	1	53	27	1880
2020	Indigenous	26	28	22	14	9	2	0	55	23	97
2020	First Nations	30	23	27	14	2	3	0	55	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	31	20	12	5	1	1	63	17	2241
2019	Indigenous	24	27	17	20	10	1	0	52	31	82
2019	First Nations	21	28	20	23	9	0	0	49	31	42
2019	Métis	30	27	13	19	8	3	0	59	28	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	29	23	14	11	0	0	52	25	2034
2018	Indigenous	15	35	29	13	8	0	0	50	21	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	31	27	17	10	0	1	46	27	1442

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	21	19	13	9	0	0	58	22	65
2022	First Nations	20	33	31	10	6	0	0	54	16	20
2022	Métis	45	16	12	16	11	0	0	61	26	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	31	17	9	9	0	1	64	19	1885
2020	Indigenous	36	28	13	11	9	2	2	67	20	96
2020	First Nations	37	31	15	7	5	3	2	72	13	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	32	18	9	5	0	1	69	13	2237
2019	Indigenous	29	29	21	12	9	0	0	57	21	82
2019	First Nations	26	29	23	13	9	0	0	55	22	42
2019	Métis	33	30	21	12	5	0	0	62	17	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	20	13	9	0	0	58	22	2035
2018	Indigenous	23	30	31	11	5	0	0	53	16	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	29	25	13	8	0	1	53	21	1441

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	23	18	3	10	0	1	69	13	65
2022	First Nations	48	22	15	5	11	0	0	69	16	20
2022	Métis	44	26	16	2	10	0	2	71	12	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	26	12	6	7	0	1	74	14	1880
2020	Indigenous	55	15	12	4	11	2	1	73	15	97
2020	First Nations	57	12	11	3	11	3	2	73	15	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	24	12	5	4	1	1	78	10	2236
2019	Indigenous	45	28	8	9	9	0	0	74	18	81
2019	First Nations	45	20	11	12	13	0	0	64	25	42
2019	Métis	50	36	3	6	5	0	0	87	11	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	27	14	8	6	0	0	71	15	2029

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	22	10	3	6	1	81	9	65
2022	First Nations	62	33	0	5	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	58	17	13	2	8	2	77	10	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	26	11	4	4	1	81	7	1880
2020	Indigenous	27	35	22	9	6	1	62	15	96
2020	First Nations	32	34	20	8	4	2	67	12	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	31	23	12	8	0	57	20	2241

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	23	23	8	24	0	44	32	65
2022	First Nations	19	28	26	0	27	0	47	27	20
2022	Métis	24	20	21	10	24	0	44	35	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	30	20	10	13	1	56	23	1885
2020	Indigenous	15	23	25	18	18	0	38	36	97
2020	First Nations	13	25	35	19	8	0	38	27	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	31	21	14	11	0	53	26	2238
2019	Indigenous	15	29	24	10	23	0	44	32	82
2019	First Nations	17	25	28	9	22	0	42	30	42
2019	Métis	14	35	19	9	24	0	49	32	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	30	19	13	13	0	55	26	2024
2018	Indigenous	22	22	25	20	11	0	44	31	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	29	25	14	12	1	49	26	1441

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	21	5	4	6	0	0	85	11	65
2022	First Nations	58	37	0	5	0	0	0	95	5	20
2022	Métis	68	14	7	4	8	0	0	82	12	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	20	8	4	5	0	2	84	9	1880
2020	Indigenous	51	27	9	4	7	1	1	79	11	96
2020	First Nations	65	22	6	4	2	1	0	88	6	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	27	12	5	2	0	1	81	7	2228
2019	Indigenous	54	20	14	6	6	0	0	74	12	81
2019	First Nations	59	22	14	4	0	0	0	82	4	41
2019	Métis	53	18	13	5	11	0	0	70	16	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	24	11	6	4	0	1	79	10	2020
2018	Indigenous	44	22	13	10	8	0	2	67	19	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	25	12	7	6	0	1	74	13	1440

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	28	5	8	7	0	80	15	65
2022	First Nations	57	33	5	5	0	0	90	5	20
2022	Métis	53	23	4	9	10	0	77	19	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	31	9	2	1	1	88	4	1880
2020	Indigenous	33	35	21	6	6	0	67	12	96
2020	First Nations	36	35	20	6	4	0	70	10	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	37	16	5	3	0	76	8	2226

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	13	0	12	3	0	6	84	16	65
2022	First Nations	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	58	13	0	16	5	0	8	78	22	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	11	4	2	2	1	5	92	4	1885
2020	Indigenous	68	15	5	4	4	1	4	87	8	96
2020	First Nations	70	16	2	6	1	2	4	90	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	16	5	1	1	0	3	92	3	2234
2019	Indigenous	77	9	6	0	2	0	5	91	2	79
2019	First Nations	84	4	7	0	2	0	2	90	2	40
2019	Métis	70	16	3	0	3	0	8	94	3	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	12	4	2	2	0	5	92	4	2027
2018	Indigenous	62	12	3	8	9	0	6	79	17	55
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	14	8	3	3	0	4	85	7	1433

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	7	3	4	3	1	1	90	7	65
2022	First Nations	75	11	5	5	5	0	0	85	10	20
2022	Métis	84	5	2	2	2	2	2	93	4	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	8	3	2	3	1	4	92	5	1885
2020	Indigenous	79	8	1	3	7	1	1	89	10	97
2020	First Nations	80	10	0	2	5	2	1	93	7	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	85	7	3	1	2	0	2	94	3	2231
2019	Indigenous	66	14	7	1	7	0	4	84	9	82
2019	First Nations	56	14	12	2	7	0	8	77	10	42
2019	Métis	78	14	0	0	8	0	0	92	8	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	11	5	3	4	0	2	88	7	2036
2018	Indigenous	51	22	5	5	12	0	5	77	18	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	14	8	3	4	1	2	84	7	1437

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	18	1	2	2	0	1	95	4	65
2022	First Nations	79	21	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	20
2022	Métis	73	19	2	2	2	0	2	94	4	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	16	4	1	1	0	3	94	2	1885
2020	Indigenous	75	16	4	2	2	1	0	92	4	96
2020	First Nations	84	11	2	0	2	2	0	96	2	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	16	4	1	1	0	1	94	2	2217
2019	Indigenous	59	25	10	2	4	0	0	84	6	82
2019	First Nations	67	20	6	2	5	0	0	88	7	42
2019	Métis	51	30	16	0	3	0	0	81	3	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	26	9	2	2	0	1	87	4	2031
2018	Indigenous	55	31	9	2	2	0	0	87	4	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	26	12	4	2	0	1	81	6	1445

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	11	8	4	3	0	1	85	7	65
2022	First Nations	80	10	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	20
2022	Métis	70	12	9	2	5	0	2	84	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	15	5	3	4	0	2	88	7	1885
2020	Indigenous	74	12	3	2	9	1	0	86	11	97
2020	First Nations	76	13	0	3	5	2	0	91	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	13	5	3	2	1	1	90	5	2231
2019	Indigenous	68	16	5	3	6	0	1	85	10	80
2019	First Nations	60	24	7	0	7	0	2	85	8	41
2019	Métis	78	8	3	5	5	0	0	87	10	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	17	8	4	4	0	1	83	9	2026
2018	Indigenous	52	21	16	8	3	0	0	73	11	56
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	21	11	6	7	0	1	77	13	1436

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	6	1	3	2	32	92	7	65
2022	First Nations	64	9	0	5	0	22	93	7	20
2022	Métis	52	6	2	2	2	36	90	7	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	8	3	1	1	25	94	2	1880
2020	Indigenous	60	9	5	0	1	24	92	1	96
2020	First Nations	64	6	4	0	0	26	95	0	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	8	3	1	1	21	94	2	2232
2019	Indigenous	68	4	1	0	0	27	98	0	79
2019	First Nations	76	2	0	0	0	21	100	0	41
2019	Métis	57	6	3	0	0	34	96	0	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	9	3	1	1	24	93	2	2016
2018	Indigenous	50	7	2	0	0	41	97	0	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	11	5	2	0	32	89	3	1433

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	15	5	1	5	0	3	88	6	65
2022	First Nations	51	38	6	0	5	0	0	89	5	20
2022	Métis	79	6	6	0	5	0	5	89	5	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	16	6	3	2	0	5	88	5	1875
2020	Indigenous	63	19	10	3	4	1	0	83	7	97
2020	First Nations	58	20	15	4	2	1	0	78	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	17	6	2	1	0	2	90	4	2242
2019	Indigenous	71	15	3	4	5	1	1	88	8	81
2019	First Nations	69	18	0	5	6	3	0	89	11	42
2019	Métis	76	13	5	0	3	0	3	92	3	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	17	8	3	2	0	4	86	5	2027
2018	Indigenous	65	15	10	0	5	0	5	84	5	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	21	10	4	2	0	4	84	6	1438

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	18	4	3	12	0	4	80	15	65
2022	First Nations	58	20	11	5	6	0	0	78	11	20
2022	Métis	59	18	2	2	14	0	6	81	16	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	14	7	5	8	0	3	79	14	1880
2020	Indigenous	57	21	12	2	8	0	0	78	10	97
2020	First Nations	62	17	13	2	6	0	0	79	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	16	8	4	6	0	1	82	10	2247
2019	Indigenous	74	13	5	3	6	0	0	87	9	81
2019	First Nations	75	11	2	5	7	0	0	86	11	41
2019	Métis	70	16	8	0	6	0	0	86	6	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	14	6	3	5	1	2	85	8	2030
2018	Indigenous	72	15	3	3	5	0	2	89	8	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	15	6	3	4	0	3	86	8	1443

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	35	13	4	1	0	1	81	6	65
2022	First Nations	58	38	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	20
2022	Métis	42	32	16	6	2	0	2	75	8	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	28	13	3	2	1	2	82	5	1885
2020	Indigenous	44	37	8	7	3	0	1	82	10	97
2020	First Nations	48	35	7	4	4	0	2	84	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	12	5	2	0	1	81	7	2245
2019	Indigenous	54	30	11	2	3	0	0	84	6	82
2019	First Nations	55	37	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	42
2019	Métis	54	18	14	6	8	0	0	73	13	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	28	11	2	2	0	1	85	4	2023
2018	Indigenous	50	28	13	2	7	0	0	78	8	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	32	13	4	2	0	2	82	5	1441

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	33	22	27	11	41	38	65
2022	First Nations	15	23	25	27	10	38	37	20
2022	Métis	6	35	20	29	11	40	40	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	33	35	14	7	45	21	1890
2020	Indigenous	13	33	33	14	7	46	21	96
2020	First Nations	12	42	31	11	4	54	15	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	36	32	9	5	54	14	2245
2019	Indigenous	17	36	17	16	14	53	30	82
2019	First Nations	21	30	18	20	11	51	31	42
2019	Métis	14	45	13	13	15	59	28	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	35	29	13	5	52	19	2036
2018	Indigenous	11	26	41	13	9	37	22	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	31	33	15	8	44	23	1449

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	33	26	22	5	0	27	47	65
2022	First Nations	10	37	36	12	4	0	17	47	20
2022	Métis	16	33	18	27	6	0	33	49	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	21	39	20	10	0	30	32	1885
2020	Indigenous	17	23	26	20	12	2	33	41	97
2020	First Nations	9	21	37	19	13	1	32	30	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	20	37	22	10	0	33	30	2235
2019	Indigenous	22	20	25	22	11	0	33	42	82
2019	First Nations	15	23	24	24	14	0	38	38	42
2019	Métis	26	19	28	19	8	0	27	45	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	21	36	21	10	0	31	33	2030
2018	Indigenous	18	27	35	11	9	0	20	45	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	23	36	19	7	0	26	38	1434

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	68	10	0	65
2022	First Nations	10	85	5	0	20
2022	Métis	28	60	12	0	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	69	12	1	1890
2020	Indigenous	33	51	12	3	97
2020	First Nations	31	49	14	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	50	17	2	2249

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Métis	38	62	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	355
2020	Indigenous	39	61	33
2020	First Nations	38	62	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	699

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	13	10	7	5	3	10	75	13	65
2022	First Nations	38	26	10	16	0	4	6	72	18	20
2022	Métis	60	7	11	2	7	2	12	78	10	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	17	9	4	4	3	15	79	10	1885
2020	Indigenous	48	22	7	6	4	0	13	80	12	96
2020	First Nations	52	16	10	8	2	0	14	78	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	19	12	6	5	2	11	73	13	2247
2019	Indigenous	48	13	9	9	17	0	4	63	28	81
2019	First Nations	50	15	12	8	15	0	0	65	23	42
2019	Métis	47	11	7	11	16	0	8	63	30	36
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	19	14	8	8	0	8	68	17	2012
2018	Indigenous	39	15	9	12	19	0	8	58	33	57
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	18	16	9	11	1	7	61	21	1442

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	14	13	16	40	0	0	31	56	15
2022	Métis	19	16	15	11	39	0	0	35	50	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	27	14	15	25	2	5	42	43	355
2020	Indigenous	18	24	19	12	21	3	3	46	35	33
2020	First Nations	19	26	19	6	24	6	0	48	32	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	28	16	18	19	1	4	44	39	700

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	8	12	16	52	5	7	9	77	15
2022	Métis	0	9	7	18	52	6	8	10	82	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	23	11	17	36	1	3	33	55	355
2020	Indigenous	9	6	19	22	39	6	0	16	64	33
2020	First Nations	6	6	12	19	44	12	0	14	72	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	22	13	22	30	1	3	33	53	699

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Veterans Affairs Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources