2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Indigenous Services Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	39	9	6	4	81	10	695
2022	First Nations	42	40	8	5	4	83	9	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	20	9	4	21	66	25	15
2022	Métis	41	39	10	6	4	80	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	41	10	6	4	80	10	2360
2020	Indigenous	43	39	8	6	3	82	10	814
2020	First Nations	45	38	9	6	2	83	8	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	39	0	6	0	94	6	17
2020	Métis	38	42	7	9	4	80	13	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	38	11	6	3	79	10	2417
2019	Indigenous	41	41	9	6	3	82	9	800
2019	First Nations	43	41	9	5	3	84	8	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	28	11	0	6	83	6	16
2019	Métis	37	44	8	7	4	80	11	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	41	10	8	5	76	13	2082
2018	Indigenous	40	37	13	7	4	76	11	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	44	12	9	5	74	14	1918

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	33	14	7	8	71	15	695
2022	First Nations	38	33	14	7	8	71	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	42	9	5	0	85	5	15
2022	Métis	39	32	14	8	7	71	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	38	11	8	6	75	14	2360
2020	Indigenous	37	32	12	12	8	68	20	811
2020	First Nations	38	32	11	11	8	70	19	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	46	6	14	0	81	14	17
2020	Métis	35	31	13	15	7	65	22	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	34	13	9	6	72	15	2413
2019	Indigenous	35	36	11	10	7	71	17	803
2019	First Nations	38	36	11	9	6	74	15	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	36	18	5	6	70	12	15
2019	Métis	30	36	12	14	8	66	22	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	35	14	12	9	66	20	2078
2018	Indigenous	26	37	13	13	10	64	23	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	38	13	13	9	66	22	1907

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	32	9	3	2	86	5	695
2022	First Nations	57	31	8	2	2	88	4	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	16	27	13	0	61	13	15
2022	Métis	52	32	11	3	2	84	5	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	35	9	3	1	87	4	2360
2020	Indigenous	61	28	6	3	2	89	5	809
2020	First Nations	62	29	5	3	1	90	4	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	78	17	6	0	0	94	0	17
2020	Métis	57	29	7	4	3	86	7	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	31	8	2	2	88	4	2408
2019	Indigenous	60	30	7	2	1	90	3	800
2019	First Nations	63	29	6	2	1	91	3	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	23	11	6	0	83	6	16
2019	Métis	54	33	8	4	2	87	5	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	34	9	4	2	86	5	2061
2018	Indigenous	57	32	7	3	1	89	5	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	34	11	4	1	84	6	1904

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	35	10	5	3	82	8	695
2022	First Nations	49	36	8	4	3	85	6	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	27	9	25	0	66	25	15
2022	Métis	43	35	13	6	3	78	9	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	39	10	5	3	82	8	2360
2020	Indigenous	51	34	7	5	3	85	8	815
2020	First Nations	54	33	7	4	2	86	6	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	35	0	6	0	94	6	17
2020	Métis	45	37	6	7	4	83	11	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	5	2	82	8	2422
2019	Indigenous	49	36	9	4	3	85	6	803
2019	First Nations	52	33	8	4	3	86	6	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	51	6	0	6	89	6	16
2019	Métis	43	41	9	4	2	85	6	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	40	11	7	3	80	10	2082
2018	Indigenous	45	36	11	6	2	81	8	709
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	39	12	8	4	77	11	1916

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	31	11	10	6	1	73	16	695
2022	First Nations	42	32	9	9	7	0	74	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	24	0	4	5	0	91	9	15
2022	Métis	38	31	14	11	5	0	70	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	35	15	10	6	1	69	16	2355
2020	Indigenous	40	32	15	7	5	1	72	12	812
2020	First Nations	42	31	16	7	5	0	72	11	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	11	21	0	11	6	66	12	17
2020	Métis	37	35	13	9	5	1	73	14	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	31	17	9	6	1	67	15	2424
2019	Indigenous	37	31	18	8	6	0	68	14	803
2019	First Nations	40	30	16	7	6	0	71	13	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	22	26	6	6	0	63	11	16
2019	Métis	30	33	21	9	6	0	63	15	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	19	13	10	1	59	22	2082
2018	Indigenous	33	30	17	11	8	0	63	20	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	20	12	10	1	58	22	1913

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	33	12	11	5	0	72	16	695
2022	First Nations	41	32	10	11	6	0	73	17	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	45	0	5	9	0	86	14	15
2022	Métis	37	33	14	12	4	0	69	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	38	14	9	6	0	70	15	2355
2020	Indigenous	38	35	14	8	4	1	74	13	809
2020	First Nations	40	33	14	8	4	0	74	12	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	25	19	0	6	6	75	6	17
2020	Métis	35	38	11	10	6	0	73	16	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	33	17	9	4	0	70	14	2411
2019	Indigenous	38	33	15	10	4	0	71	15	803
2019	First Nations	40	32	13	9	5	0	73	14	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	28	15	17	0	0	69	17	16
2019	Métis	32	35	17	13	3	0	66	17	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	34	17	13	9	0	61	21	2074
2018	Indigenous	32	31	18	12	6	0	63	18	701
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	34	19	13	9	0	60	21	1908

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	23	14	11	7	5	1	66	19	695
2022	First Nations	43	23	15	7	6	5	1	70	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	3	21	5	0	4	69	28	15
2022	Métis	36	24	13	15	8	3	0	62	24	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	26	17	12	10	5	0	59	23	2360
2020	Indigenous	40	24	18	9	6	3	0	66	16	815
2020	First Nations	42	24	18	7	6	3	0	68	14	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	11	19	19	6	6	0	54	25	17
2020	Métis	35	26	18	12	6	3	0	62	19	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	24	18	13	8	3	1	60	21	2420
2019	Indigenous	39	25	16	10	7	3	0	66	17	802
2019	First Nations	42	24	15	9	7	4	0	69	16	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	26	11	11	6	0	0	72	17	16
2019	Métis	30	27	18	12	9	3	1	60	22	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	25	20	14	13	3	0	52	28	2082
2018	Indigenous	36	25	17	12	9	2	1	62	21	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	23	20	15	14	4	0	49	30	1919

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	26	9	4	3	1	4	83	7	695
2022	First Nations	53	26	9	3	3	1	5	84	7	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	74	17	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	15
2022	Métis	51	28	10	5	2	1	3	83	7	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	28	10	4	2	1	4	83	6	2360
2020	Indigenous	51	22	14	6	4	1	2	76	10	814
2020	First Nations	51	22	13	7	4	1	2	75	11	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	11	11	8	0	0	7	79	9	17
2020	Métis	51	24	16	3	3	1	2	77	6	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	25	12	4	2	1	3	81	7	2416
2019	Indigenous	49	26	14	4	4	1	2	77	8	804
2019	First Nations	49	25	15	4	3	2	2	77	8	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	34	20	0	6	0	0	74	6	16
2019	Métis	48	28	13	4	4	0	2	78	8	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	28	13	4	3	1	3	79	7	2082

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	28	10	7	5	1	1	78	11	695
2022	First Nations	48	30	9	6	5	1	1	79	11	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	46	0	5	0	0	9	94	6	15
2022	Métis	51	25	12	7	4	0	1	77	12	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	30	10	6	4	0	1	79	11	2355
2020	Indigenous	48	25	14	7	5	0	0	74	12	812
2020	First Nations	47	27	13	7	5	0	0	75	13	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	22	17	8	0	0	0	75	8	17
2020	Métis	50	22	16	6	4	1	1	73	11	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	29	11	7	4	0	0	78	11	2417
2019	Indigenous	46	28	11	8	6	1	1	75	14	802
2019	First Nations	46	28	10	7	7	1	2	75	14	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	45	17	0	6	0	0	77	6	16
2019	Métis	46	27	13	8	5	1	0	74	14	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	31	10	10	7	0	0	73	16	2068
2018	Indigenous	43	26	11	11	7	2	0	71	18	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	31	11	9	7	0	0	73	16	1896

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	22	10	5	5	0	0	80	10	695
2022	First Nations	60	21	11	4	4	0	0	80	8	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	30	4	0	5	0	0	91	5	15
2022	Métis	59	20	10	6	5	0	0	79	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	26	9	5	5	0	0	81	10	2355
2020	Indigenous	57	22	9	6	5	0	0	80	11	817
2020	First Nations	58	21	10	6	5	0	0	80	11	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	47	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	17
2020	Métis	56	22	8	8	4	1	1	79	12	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	25	10	6	4	0	0	80	10	2426
2019	Indigenous	54	25	9	5	7	0	0	79	12	801
2019	First Nations	57	22	8	5	7	1	1	80	12	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	17	28	11	6	0	0	56	17	16
2019	Métis	48	31	10	5	5	0	0	79	10	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	28	10	7	6	0	0	77	13	2084
2018	Indigenous	50	23	12	8	7	1	0	73	15	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	28	11	7	7	0	0	75	14	1899

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	27	14	7	6	5	1	72	13	695
2022	First Nations	43	26	15	7	5	4	1	72	12	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	18	6	4	4	5	0	86	8	15
2022	Métis	40	27	12	9	6	5	1	71	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	31	12	7	5	7	0	73	13	2360
2020	Indigenous	39	29	14	7	5	5	0	72	13	816
2020	First Nations	40	28	15	6	5	5	0	72	12	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	35	19	6	6	0	0	70	11	17
2020	Métis	39	30	11	8	7	5	0	73	16	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	31	13	8	5	6	0	73	14	2423
2019	Indigenous	35	30	15	8	6	5	0	69	15	801
2019	First Nations	36	30	15	8	5	5	0	70	14	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	37	17	15	0	9	0	65	16	16
2019	Métis	33	31	14	7	10	5	0	67	18	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	34	16	11	8	4	0	64	19	2080
2018	Indigenous	28	28	17	12	8	6	1	60	21	709
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	17	10	9	4	1	62	21	1922

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	29	14	10	7	3	0	68	18	695
2022	First Nations	39	28	14	9	7	3	0	69	16	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	31	6	4	10	0	0	80	14	15
2022	Métis	35	31	12	12	8	2	1	68	20	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	31	16	11	8	3	0	64	19	2360
2020	Indigenous	36	32	15	10	6	2	0	70	16	814
2020	First Nations	37	32	14	9	6	2	0	70	15	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	22	27	17	0	0	0	57	17	17
2020	Métis	36	32	15	9	7	1	0	69	16	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	31	15	9	7	2	0	69	16	2416
2019	Indigenous	34	29	16	12	7	2	0	65	19	800
2019	First Nations	37	28	17	10	6	1	0	66	17	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	32	11	31	0	15	0	50	37	16
2019	Métis	30	33	13	13	10	1	0	64	23	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	34	16	13	10	2	0	60	24	2077
2018	Indigenous	27	30	17	14	10	2	1	58	25	709
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	32	17	13	12	2	1	57	25	1924

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	28	18	13	8	6	1	59	22	695
2022	First Nations	28	28	17	13	8	5	0	60	22	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	23	5	8	14	0	0	73	23	15
2022	Métis	24	27	18	14	9	7	1	55	25	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	31	18	14	9	5	0	56	24	2360
2020	Indigenous	28	32	17	11	8	3	0	63	20	813
2020	First Nations	31	32	17	11	7	3	0	65	18	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	30	17	24	6	0	0	54	29	17
2020	Métis	24	34	17	12	9	3	0	60	22	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	34	19	11	7	4	0	62	19	2415
2019	Indigenous	27	28	15	16	9	4	0	58	27	798
2019	First Nations	28	29	15	15	9	5	0	60	25	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	26	6	22	15	20	0	46	46	16
2019	Métis	24	27	16	19	11	3	0	53	30	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	30	21	15	12	4	0	50	28	2075
2018	Indigenous	18	28	20	19	12	4	0	48	32	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	29	20	16	13	6	1	48	31	1921

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	32	16	14	10	2	0	59	25	695
2022	First Nations	25	32	16	16	9	2	0	58	26	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	15	8	12	10	0	0	69	23	15
2022	Métis	24	35	14	14	11	2	1	61	25	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	33	16	16	11	2	0	56	27	2355
2020	Indigenous	28	32	14	15	9	2	0	62	24	814
2020	First Nations	30	32	14	14	8	2	0	64	22	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	27	19	19	11	0	0	51	30	17
2020	Métis	24	32	13	16	12	2	0	58	28	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	36	16	13	8	2	0	62	22	2418
2019	Indigenous	24	28	16	19	10	3	0	54	30	799
2019	First Nations	27	28	16	18	9	3	0	57	27	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	28	20	17	15	15	0	39	37	16
2019	Métis	19	28	17	22	11	2	0	48	34	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	30	18	19	14	2	0	47	34	2078
2018	Indigenous	17	29	15	19	17	4	0	47	37	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	30	17	19	16	2	0	46	36	1926

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	31	13	8	10	0	69	18	695
2022	First Nations	36	32	13	9	10	0	68	18	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	23	9	8	5	0	78	14	15
2022	Métis	38	32	12	8	10	1	70	18	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	34	15	8	7	0	69	16	2360
2020	Indigenous	32	33	14	13	7	0	66	20	813
2020	First Nations	32	33	15	12	7	0	65	20	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	35	20	14	0	0	66	14	16
2020	Métis	33	32	11	16	7	0	66	23	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	34	13	11	6	0	70	17	2418
2019	Indigenous	32	34	14	13	7	0	66	20	803
2019	First Nations	33	35	13	12	7	0	68	19	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	18	50	20	11	0	0	68	11	16
2019	Métis	30	32	16	16	6	0	62	22	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	36	14	12	9	0	64	22	2079
2018	Indigenous	27	34	15	13	11	0	61	23	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	33	16	14	11	1	59	25	1926

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	41	8	10	7	75	16	695
2022	First Nations	37	42	7	8	5	79	14	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	43	21	5	9	65	14	15
2022	Métis	30	41	8	12	9	71	21	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	43	9	10	5	76	15	2355
2020	Indigenous	34	41	9	12	4	75	16	810
2020	First Nations	38	40	8	11	3	78	15	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	26	44	6	25	0	70	25	17
2020	Métis	28	42	12	12	5	71	17	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	40	12	11	4	73	15	2408
2019	Indigenous	36	37	10	12	4	73	17	802
2019	First Nations	39	36	9	11	4	76	15	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	39	17	17	0	66	17	16
2019	Métis	28	40	12	15	5	68	21	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	42	12	12	7	69	19	2071
2018	Indigenous	30	40	11	11	7	71	19	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	43	13	12	7	68	19	1922

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	29	9	9	6	0	0	76	15	695
2022	First Nations	47	29	8	10	5	0	0	77	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	39	8	0	5	0	0	87	5	15
2022	Métis	47	28	9	9	7	0	0	76	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	30	11	7	5	0	0	76	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	47	29	11	8	6	0	0	76	14	815
2020	First Nations	47	28	11	7	7	0	0	75	14	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	22	17	8	0	0	0	75	8	17
2020	Métis	46	30	10	9	4	0	0	77	13	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	27	13	7	4	0	0	76	12	2417
2019	Indigenous	44	28	13	7	7	0	1	74	13	804
2019	First Nations	47	26	14	5	7	0	1	74	12	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	43	11	17	6	0	0	67	22	16
2019	Métis	40	33	11	9	7	0	0	73	16	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	30	12	8	7	0	0	73	15	2077
2018	Indigenous	39	32	12	10	6	1	0	72	16	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	33	12	9	7	1	0	71	17	1906

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	40	11	12	9	0	69	20	695
2022	First Nations	28	42	11	10	9	0	70	19	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	45	4	7	18	0	72	25	15
2022	Métis	29	38	10	14	8	1	67	23	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	40	12	13	6	0	70	19	2355
2020	Indigenous	30	39	11	14	5	0	70	19	809
2020	First Nations	31	40	10	14	4	1	72	19	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	33	11	17	0	0	73	17	17
2020	Métis	28	39	14	14	6	0	66	19	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	40	12	11	5	1	72	16	2416
2019	Indigenous	27	38	12	17	7	0	65	24	800
2019	First Nations	30	37	12	15	5	0	67	21	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	61	11	6	6	0	77	11	16
2019	Métis	18	39	11	21	9	0	58	31	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	40	14	15	8	0	63	23	2071
2018	Indigenous	21	38	11	20	9	1	60	29	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	44	10	15	8	1	66	23	1925

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	19	10	5	5	2	1	79	10	695
2022	First Nations	57	19	10	5	5	2	1	79	11	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	77	13	5	5	0	0	0	90	5	15
2022	Métis	62	17	10	4	7	1	0	79	10	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	23	12	4	5	2	1	79	9	2350
2020	Indigenous	52	22	14	5	5	1	1	76	10	813
2020	First Nations	52	22	13	4	5	1	1	77	10	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	27	19	0	0	0	0	81	0	17
2020	Métis	50	23	14	8	4	1	1	74	12	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	23	14	6	4	2	1	76	10	2413

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	32	14	9	10	2	1	66	19	695
2022	First Nations	32	31	14	10	10	2	1	65	20	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	40	23	0	0	0	0	77	0	15
2022	Métis	34	32	13	8	11	2	1	67	19	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	36	18	11	8	3	0	62	20	2360
2020	Indigenous	32	28	17	13	7	3	0	62	21	814
2020	First Nations	33	28	15	12	8	3	0	64	20	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	16	36	6	7	0	0	51	13	17
2020	Métis	28	29	18	15	7	3	0	59	23	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	33	19	11	8	2	0	60	20	2417
2019	Indigenous	28	30	16	14	9	3	0	60	24	801
2019	First Nations	30	28	15	13	10	3	0	61	23	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	23	6	35	0	0	0	60	35	16
2019	Métis	23	33	18	15	8	3	0	58	24	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	33	18	15	12	2	0	54	28	2082
2018	Indigenous	22	28	18	16	14	3	0	51	30	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	33	17	15	13	3	0	53	29	1919

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	24	14	5	5	1	4	75	11	695
2022	First Nations	46	24	15	4	5	1	5	74	10	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	23	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	15
2022	Métis	47	23	14	6	6	1	3	73	12	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	25	11	6	6	1	5	76	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	47	23	15	8	3	1	3	73	12	815
2020	First Nations	48	23	15	8	3	1	3	74	11	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	29	6	0	11	0	5	83	12	17
2020	Métis	47	23	15	9	2	0	4	73	12	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	24	13	6	4	1	3	75	11	2421
2019	Indigenous	43	27	16	6	3	1	4	74	10	801
2019	First Nations	44	26	16	5	4	1	4	74	10	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	22	34	5	0	0	0	61	5	16
2019	Métis	41	31	15	6	3	1	4	75	10	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	25	12	6	4	1	3	77	10	2081

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	22	13	5	5	1	2	76	10	695
2022	First Nations	48	25	14	5	4	2	2	76	10	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	4	27	9	0	0	0	65	9	15
2022	Métis	59	16	12	5	4	1	3	78	10	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	22	13	5	4	1	4	77	9	2355
2020	Indigenous	47	24	16	6	3	1	2	74	10	814
2020	First Nations	49	23	15	5	4	2	2	74	10	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	26	17	11	0	0	5	71	12	17
2020	Métis	46	26	17	8	1	0	3	73	9	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	25	14	6	4	1	3	75	10	2425
2019	Indigenous	43	25	18	5	4	2	3	72	9	802
2019	First Nations	42	26	18	5	3	2	3	73	9	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	23	35	0	0	0	0	65	0	16
2019	Métis	42	24	19	5	4	1	4	70	10	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	25	17	8	5	1	3	69	13	2074

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	9	6	4	4	5	3	84	9	695
2022	First Nations	66	9	7	4	4	6	3	83	9	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	81	9	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	15
2022	Métis	70	11	5	4	4	3	4	87	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	9	4	2	3	4	6	89	7	2360
2020	Indigenous	66	13	7	3	4	4	4	86	7	808
2020	First Nations	65	12	6	3	5	6	3	85	8	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	24	6	0	6	0	11	88	6	17
2020	Métis	70	12	8	3	1	2	4	87	4	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	72	10	6	2	3	3	3	88	6	2413
2019	Indigenous	58	16	10	2	4	6	3	82	7	800
2019	First Nations	56	15	11	3	5	7	3	79	9	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	20	11	0	0	6	0	88	0	16
2019	Métis	62	19	7	2	2	4	4	88	4	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	11	7	4	5	3	4	83	9	2080

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	8	7	3	3	3	8	86	6	695
2022	First Nations	66	10	8	4	2	3	8	85	6	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	4	30	0	0	0	0	70	0	15
2022	Métis	71	7	5	1	4	3	10	89	5	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	9	4	2	3	2	10	90	5	2355
2020	Indigenous	66	14	8	1	2	3	7	89	3	810
2020	First Nations	64	15	9	1	2	4	6	88	3	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	7	0	11	0	6	11	87	13	17
2020	Métis	70	13	6	1	1	1	7	91	3	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	11	5	2	1	2	7	91	4	2423
2019	Indigenous	64	12	8	1	2	3	10	87	4	799
2019	First Nations	63	13	8	2	2	4	9	87	4	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	83	6	0	0	6	0	6	94	6	16
2019	Métis	66	9	10	1	1	2	10	86	2	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	7	3	2	2	2	8	92	4	2077

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	32	14	10	12	2	1	63	23	695
2022	First Nations	26	31	17	10	13	3	0	59	24	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	45	9	5	0	9	0	85	5	15
2022	Métis	32	33	10	11	11	2	1	67	23	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	34	12	13	11	3	2	62	25	2355
2020	Indigenous	28	28	16	12	13	2	1	57	26	813
2020	First Nations	28	27	16	11	14	3	1	57	25	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	19	28	19	0	7	6	47	21	17
2020	Métis	27	30	15	14	13	0	1	58	27	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	27	17	14	13	4	2	53	29	2424
2019	Indigenous	25	25	18	13	14	4	1	53	28	801
2019	First Nations	26	25	17	13	14	4	1	54	29	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	26	40	11	0	6	0	46	12	16
2019	Métis	23	26	20	14	13	3	1	51	28	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	28	15	15	19	3	2	48	36	2083
2018	Indigenous	20	25	15	15	19	3	2	48	36	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	24	17	17	20	3	2	44	39	1919

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	39	11	9	6	0	74	15	695
2022	First Nations	35	39	10	10	6	0	74	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	40	10	0	4	0	86	4	15
2022	Métis	35	40	10	9	7	0	75	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	39	12	8	6	0	73	15	2355
2020	Indigenous	38	32	12	11	6	0	71	17	808
2020	First Nations	39	31	12	11	6	1	71	17	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	29	21	6	0	0	73	6	17
2020	Métis	35	34	12	11	7	0	70	18	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	39	12	9	4	0	75	14	2407
2019	Indigenous	35	37	13	9	6	0	72	15	800
2019	First Nations	38	33	13	8	7	0	72	15	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	52	11	11	0	0	78	11	16
2019	Métis	27	44	14	11	5	0	71	16	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	38	14	12	7	0	68	19	2063
2018	Indigenous	29	39	12	10	9	0	68	20	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	41	12	11	8	0	68	19	1906

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	33	13	7	6	0	74	13	695
2022	First Nations	41	31	15	8	5	1	72	13	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	45	9	9	0	0	82	9	15
2022	Métis	42	36	9	5	9	0	78	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	36	13	7	5	0	76	11	2355
2020	Indigenous	40	31	14	8	6	0	72	14	813
2020	First Nations	43	29	14	8	6	0	72	14	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	38	16	17	0	0	68	17	17
2020	Métis	36	36	14	7	6	0	73	14	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	35	13	8	5	0	74	13	2414
2019	Indigenous	41	34	13	7	4	0	75	12	801
2019	First Nations	44	31	12	7	5	0	76	12	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	33	23	9	6	0	63	15	16
2019	Métis	34	41	15	7	4	0	74	11	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	35	14	10	6	0	70	16	2075
2018	Indigenous	35	34	16	10	5	0	69	15	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	35	15	11	7	0	67	18	1911

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	34	10	9	5	0	76	14	695
2022	First Nations	40	35	9	11	5	0	75	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	54	0	8	5	0	87	13	15
2022	Métis	45	33	12	6	5	0	78	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	37	12	8	5	1	75	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	36	36	12	11	4	0	72	15	808
2020	First Nations	38	33	13	11	4	0	72	16	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	40	25	6	0	0	70	6	17
2020	Métis	34	42	11	9	5	0	75	14	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	39	12	9	4	0	75	13	2398
2019	Indigenous	34	38	13	10	4	0	73	14	780
2019	First Nations	36	36	13	9	5	0	73	14	513
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	42	22	6	0	0	72	6	15
2019	Métis	31	41	12	11	4	0	73	15	240
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	40	14	12	6	0	68	18	2050
2018	Indigenous	30	35	17	11	8	0	64	19	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	37	14	13	8	0	64	21	1911

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	36	16	10	7	3	0	67	17	695
2022	First Nations	26	36	20	10	6	2	0	63	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	50	4	0	5	0	0	91	5	15
2022	Métis	34	36	9	10	8	3	0	72	18	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	42	16	8	5	3	0	70	14	2360
2020	Indigenous	28	37	18	8	6	3	0	67	14	815
2020	First Nations	28	37	17	9	6	2	0	67	16	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	40	14	7	6	0	0	73	13	17
2020	Métis	26	39	20	6	6	4	0	67	12	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	43	17	9	4	3	0	69	13	2420
2019	Indigenous	23	40	17	11	5	4	1	66	17	803
2019	First Nations	24	37	17	12	5	4	1	64	18	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	59	0	6	9	0	0	85	15	16
2019	Métis	18	47	17	10	5	3	0	68	15	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	43	20	11	5	3	0	63	17	2081
2018	Indigenous	20	33	23	13	8	4	0	55	22	710
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	37	21	12	7	3	0	58	20	1923

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	29	7	10	7	76	17	695
2022	First Nations	46	30	6	10	7	76	17	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	37	20	9	5	67	13	15
2022	Métis	49	29	7	10	6	78	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	33	9	9	6	76	15	2360
2020	Indigenous	44	27	12	10	6	72	16	811
2020	First Nations	45	27	11	10	6	72	16	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	22	19	5	5	70	11	17
2020	Métis	43	27	15	9	6	70	15	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	32	9	10	6	75	16	2414
2019	Indigenous	44	31	10	10	5	75	15	801
2019	First Nations	45	30	11	9	4	75	13	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	28	11	5	0	83	5	16
2019	Métis	40	32	8	13	7	72	20	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	34	10	11	7	72	17	2079
2018	Indigenous	36	35	12	9	7	71	16	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	34	11	11	6	72	17	1925

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	31	19	8	7	0	1	66	15	695
2022	First Nations	31	34	19	7	8	0	1	66	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	17	13	0	15	0	0	72	15	15
2022	Métis	35	30	19	10	6	0	0	65	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	30	16	9	8	0	0	67	17	2360
2020	Indigenous	36	29	19	9	6	0	1	66	15	809
2020	First Nations	35	31	19	8	6	0	1	67	13	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	17	17	11	11	0	0	62	22	17
2020	Métis	37	25	18	11	7	0	1	64	18	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	17	10	9	0	0	64	19	2409
2019	Indigenous	34	31	18	9	7	0	0	65	16	798
2019	First Nations	36	31	17	9	7	0	0	68	16	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	34	5	0	6	0	59	5	16
2019	Métis	31	29	21	9	9	0	0	61	18	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	31	19	10	8	0	1	63	18	2070
2018	Indigenous	32	32	20	8	6	0	2	65	15	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	31	19	11	7	0	1	63	18	1926

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	21	6	3	5	2	2	87	8	695
2022	First Nations	64	17	7	3	5	2	2	85	8	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	87	13	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	59	29	3	3	4	2	1	91	7	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	23	6	3	3	2	2	88	6	2355

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	29	30	695
2022	First Nations	39	31	30	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	12	30	15
2022	Métis	44	26	30	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	26	31	2360
2020	Indigenous	24	37	38	816
2020	First Nations	22	39	39	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	35	43	17
2020	Métis	30	35	35	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	35	37	2426
2019	Indigenous	27	41	33	806
2019	First Nations	24	43	33	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	41	11	16
2019	Métis	31	38	31	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	32	35	2089
2018	Indigenous	28	35	37	710
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	27	39	1923

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	42	29	4	6	8	285
2022	First Nations	12	41	26	5	5	10	170
2022	Métis	7	44	31	3	8	7	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	33	33	7	8	6	990
2020	Indigenous	14	42	30	6	3	5	209
2020	First Nations	16	42	28	6	3	5	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	26	45	2	4	9	706
2019	Indigenous	14	32	27	6	10	10	231
2019	First Nations	18	28	27	7	9	11	132
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	25	43	7	5	6	740
2018	Indigenous	18	32	21	10	9	10	204
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	24	39	7	9	7	692

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	38	6	5	3	0	86	8	695
2022	First Nations	51	36	6	5	3	0	86	8	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	36	4	10	9	0	78	19	15
2022	Métis	46	39	6	5	3	0	86	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	38	8	4	2	0	86	7	2360
2020	Indigenous	48	35	8	6	2	0	84	8	808
2020	First Nations	49	34	8	6	2	1	84	8	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	38	6	6	0	0	88	6	16
2020	Métis	46	37	9	5	3	0	83	7	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	36	8	5	2	0	86	7	2409
2019	Indigenous	45	38	10	5	2	0	83	8	798
2019	First Nations	47	37	8	5	3	0	85	7	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	39	11	6	0	0	83	6	16
2019	Métis	39	39	13	8	2	0	78	9	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	39	11	6	4	0	79	9	2070
2018	Indigenous	42	37	11	5	2	2	81	8	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	41	9	5	3	0	83	8	1917

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	43	14	10	6	0	0	70	16	695
2022	First Nations	26	42	15	10	6	1	0	68	16	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	32	16	10	4	5	0	69	14	15
2022	Métis	26	43	12	12	6	0	0	70	18	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	46	14	9	3	1	0	73	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	30	40	16	9	3	2	0	72	12	816
2020	First Nations	33	38	16	8	2	2	0	73	11	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	27	27	11	6	0	0	57	17	17
2020	Métis	25	46	15	10	3	2	0	72	13	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	44	15	8	3	1	0	73	11	2425
2019	Indigenous	30	37	15	11	5	1	0	68	16	805
2019	First Nations	33	37	14	10	5	2	0	70	15	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	41	20	11	6	6	0	61	18	16
2019	Métis	25	37	17	15	5	0	1	62	20	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	43	19	12	6	1	0	63	18	2081
2018	Indigenous	24	38	18	13	7	1	0	62	20	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	43	17	14	6	1	0	63	20	1911

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	24	35	16	11	0	2	28	36	695
2022	First Nations	11	24	36	17	10	0	2	28	36	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	16	35	10	35	0	0	44	20	15
2022	Métis	12	24	34	15	12	1	1	28	37	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	25	36	18	8	1	2	27	37	2350
2020	Indigenous	12	25	33	18	9	1	2	27	38	816
2020	First Nations	11	26	33	18	9	1	2	28	38	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	11	56	11	11	11	0	25	12	17
2020	Métis	14	24	33	20	7	1	2	27	38	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	25	36	18	8	1	1	26	38	2420
2019	Indigenous	13	22	37	19	7	1	1	26	36	798
2019	First Nations	13	20	37	20	8	1	1	29	34	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	0	22	46	20	6	6	0	28	24	16
2019	Métis	13	27	37	16	4	1	1	21	41	244
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	27	38	15	6	1	1	21	41	2077
2018	Indigenous	13	23	37	17	8	2	1	25	37	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	28	37	14	7	1	1	21	41	1923

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	22	30	18	9	1	4	28	41	695
2022	First Nations	15	20	32	19	8	1	5	29	37	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	15	31	15	11	23	0	35	25	15
2022	Métis	21	24	27	15	9	0	3	25	46	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	24	32	17	8	1	4	25	41	2350
2020	Indigenous	14	22	33	18	10	1	2	29	37	810
2020	First Nations	13	22	34	17	11	1	2	29	36	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	28	29	30	13	0	0	43	28	17
2020	Métis	16	21	31	20	8	0	3	29	39	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	22	32	21	9	2	1	30	37	2417
2019	Indigenous	17	23	31	18	9	2	2	27	41	802
2019	First Nations	18	22	28	18	10	3	1	29	41	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	68	6	0	9	0	6	19	16
2019	Métis	16	24	33	18	5	1	3	24	42	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	26	30	15	6	1	1	22	47	2066
2018	Indigenous	20	26	26	16	8	1	3	25	48	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	26	27	15	7	1	2	22	50	1917

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	18	30	22	17	0	3	40	29	690
2022	First Nations	10	17	32	22	15	0	3	39	28	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	25	35	10	31	0	0	41	25	15
2022	Métis	9	20	27	21	20	0	3	42	30	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	32	25	13	1	3	39	27	2340
2020	Indigenous	10	14	32	25	17	0	2	43	25	809
2020	First Nations	9	12	35	24	18	1	2	42	22	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	11	16	19	49	6	0	0	54	27	17
2020	Métis	14	17	26	26	16	0	1	43	31	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	18	32	26	12	1	1	38	29	2407
2019	Indigenous	8	13	33	28	15	1	1	44	22	798
2019	First Nations	8	13	33	27	17	1	0	45	22	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	37	48	15	0	0	63	0	16
2019	Métis	9	13	35	29	12	2	1	42	23	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	16	36	25	11	1	1	37	26	2066
2018	Indigenous	9	14	35	24	13	3	2	39	24	700
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	19	33	24	12	1	1	37	29	1917

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	21	25	20	13	2	4	35	38	695
2022	First Nations	16	20	27	19	13	2	4	34	38	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	14	21	21	33	0	0	55	24	15
2022	Métis	15	21	23	22	12	2	4	37	39	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	26	18	13	2	4	34	39	2350
2020	Indigenous	14	19	28	19	17	1	1	37	35	815
2020	First Nations	13	18	28	19	18	1	2	38	33	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	16	17	29	25	13	0	0	38	33	17
2020	Métis	16	22	27	17	17	1	1	34	38	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	22	28	20	13	1	2	34	37	2416
2019	Indigenous	15	20	28	20	14	2	1	35	36	800
2019	First Nations	14	20	26	20	16	2	1	37	36	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	52	26	6	0	0	32	16	16
2019	Métis	17	18	32	19	9	2	2	30	37	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	23	30	16	9	1	2	26	43	2079
2018	Indigenous	21	20	26	19	10	2	2	31	43	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	25	27	16	9	1	2	26	46	1918

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	22	21	14	13	5	5	30	46	690
2022	First Nations	21	22	21	14	12	5	6	29	48	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	15	9	29	31	0	4	62	28	15
2022	Métis	19	22	23	16	11	6	4	29	45	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	25	17	13	4	4	33	40	2350
2020	Indigenous	11	17	26	22	20	2	2	44	29	812
2020	First Nations	10	17	26	20	21	2	3	44	28	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	23	8	20	38	12	0	0	49	31	16
2020	Métis	14	17	25	24	18	1	1	44	31	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	19	28	22	15	3	2	39	32	2408
2019	Indigenous	15	22	25	16	17	4	2	35	39	801
2019	First Nations	15	21	25	16	18	4	2	35	38	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	38	17	11	6	11	0	19	62	16
2019	Métis	16	22	25	17	15	3	2	34	40	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	23	30	15	9	2	1	26	43	2069
2018	Indigenous	17	22	27	17	10	2	4	29	42	701
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	25	27	16	9	2	2	27	46	1920

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	19	31	15	12	2	3	28	39	690
2022	First Nations	18	19	34	14	11	1	4	26	38	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	15	43	9	23	0	0	33	25	15
2022	Métis	19	21	28	15	12	2	2	29	42	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	23	32	15	9	2	3	25	41	2350
2020	Indigenous	13	22	31	19	12	1	2	31	36	813
2020	First Nations	13	20	34	17	13	1	2	31	34	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	5	17	40	25	13	0	0	38	22	17
2020	Métis	14	25	26	24	10	1	0	34	39	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	21	33	17	10	2	2	29	37	2413
2019	Indigenous	16	24	29	16	11	3	2	28	42	796
2019	First Nations	15	24	28	16	13	3	1	29	41	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	29	39	20	0	0	0	20	41	16
2019	Métis	19	21	31	17	6	3	2	24	43	245
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	23	33	14	7	2	1	21	45	2071
2018	Indigenous	19	24	28	16	8	2	3	25	45	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	25	30	14	5	2	1	20	48	1924

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	14	37	27	16	0	1	44	19	695
2022	First Nations	6	15	37	26	16	0	0	42	21	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	33	10	50	0	0	0	50	39	15
2022	Métis	4	12	38	27	17	0	1	45	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	13	36	28	15	1	2	44	19	2355
2020	Indigenous	11	18	37	23	11	0	0	34	28	812
2020	First Nations	11	15	39	24	11	0	0	35	26	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	16	35	35	8	0	0	43	22	17
2020	Métis	11	23	31	23	12	0	0	35	34	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	22	36	23	9	0	1	32	31	2420
2019	Indigenous	12	22	30	19	14	1	1	34	35	801
2019	First Nations	11	20	29	21	16	1	1	38	32	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	31	26	20	6	0	0	26	48	16
2019	Métis	13	25	34	15	10	1	2	26	39	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	25	32	18	8	1	1	26	42	2077

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	31	20	17	13	2	49	31	695
2022	First Nations	17	32	17	19	14	1	49	33	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	31	23	4	14	9	55	19	15
2022	Métis	17	30	23	17	11	2	48	28	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	32	20	19	12	2	47	33	2360
2020	Indigenous	24	33	18	17	5	2	58	23	812
2020	First Nations	26	34	17	17	4	2	61	22	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	16	26	36	22	0	0	42	22	17
2020	Métis	20	34	19	18	8	1	54	27	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	34	21	17	8	2	53	26	2406
2019	Indigenous	19	27	19	22	11	2	47	33	802
2019	First Nations	21	28	19	20	10	2	50	30	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	41	6	31	11	0	52	43	16
2019	Métis	16	22	21	25	14	1	38	40	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	26	21	25	17	1	36	43	2075

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	25	6	10	7	1	0	78	16	695
2022	First Nations	52	25	5	9	7	1	0	78	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	76	15	0	9	0	0	0	91	9	15
2022	Métis	54	23	7	10	6	0	0	78	15	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	29	6	6	5	0	0	82	11	2360
2020	Indigenous	45	27	9	10	8	1	0	73	19	815
2020	First Nations	45	26	8	11	9	1	0	71	21	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	23	6	14	14	0	0	66	28	16
2020	Métis	44	30	10	8	7	1	0	75	15	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	28	9	9	6	1	0	76	15	2415
2019	Indigenous	44	27	9	10	8	1	0	72	19	803
2019	First Nations	48	23	9	10	8	1	1	73	18	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	22	6	11	9	0	0	74	20	16
2019	Métis	36	35	8	12	8	1	0	72	20	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	30	9	11	8	1	0	71	20	2079
2018	Indigenous	39	28	11	9	11	1	0	68	21	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	31	10	11	8	1	0	70	20	1911

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	29	6	8	4	0	83	11	690
2022	First Nations	54	27	6	9	4	0	81	13	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	15	4	13	5	0	78	18	15
2022	Métis	53	31	5	6	5	0	84	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	29	5	5	2	0	87	8	2355
2020	Indigenous	51	30	8	9	3	0	81	12	811
2020	First Nations	51	28	7	10	3	0	80	13	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	22	19	14	0	0	68	14	17
2020	Métis	50	32	9	6	2	0	83	8	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	32	7	6	3	0	84	9	2406
2019	Indigenous	45	31	8	10	5	0	77	15	803
2019	First Nations	49	27	9	11	3	0	77	14	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	39	6	0	0	0	94	0	16
2019	Métis	36	38	8	10	8	1	74	18	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	33	7	10	6	0	76	16	2075
2018	Indigenous	38	37	10	9	5	0	75	15	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	37	9	9	4	0	78	13	1911

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	31	8	5	4	2	1	82	9	695
2022	First Nations	51	27	10	6	4	2	1	80	10	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	45	41	9	5	0	0	0	86	5	15
2022	Métis	48	37	6	4	3	2	0	86	7	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	34	8	4	2	1	0	86	6	2360
2020	Indigenous	44	33	11	7	3	2	0	79	10	812
2020	First Nations	45	31	10	8	3	2	0	78	12	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	38	14	19	0	0	0	68	19	17
2020	Métis	44	36	12	5	2	1	0	82	7	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	36	10	5	2	1	0	82	8	2403
2019	Indigenous	43	32	13	7	3	1	0	77	10	801
2019	First Nations	49	28	11	7	3	2	0	78	10	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	33	17	9	0	0	0	74	9	16
2019	Métis	31	43	16	7	2	1	0	74	9	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	36	12	7	4	1	0	77	11	2076
2018	Indigenous	36	35	14	9	4	1	0	72	13	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	40	12	6	3	1	0	78	10	1914

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	32	12	8	6	2	72	15	695
2022	First Nations	37	34	12	9	6	2	73	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	19	5	4	0	0	91	4	15
2022	Métis	40	32	12	7	7	2	73	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	38	11	6	5	2	76	12	2355
2020	Indigenous	36	37	14	7	5	2	74	12	814
2020	First Nations	36	36	14	7	6	2	73	13	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	44	14	7	6	0	73	13	17
2020	Métis	36	40	13	7	2	1	77	9	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	8	4	1	75	12	2412
2019	Indigenous	36	36	12	10	4	1	73	15	800
2019	First Nations	37	36	12	9	4	1	74	14	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	51	6	6	0	0	89	6	16
2019	Métis	33	35	14	13	4	2	69	17	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	41	15	9	5	1	72	14	2073
2018	Indigenous	35	37	13	8	5	2	73	13	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	41	13	7	4	1	77	11	1913

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	37	11	8	4	4	0	75	13	695
2022	First Nations	34	37	11	8	5	5	1	74	14	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	60	0	0	4	0	9	96	4	15
2022	Métis	35	38	9	8	5	3	1	76	14	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	38	11	6	3	5	0	79	9	2360
2020	Indigenous	41	35	12	5	4	3	0	78	9	814
2020	First Nations	42	34	12	4	5	3	0	78	9	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	38	27	0	0	0	0	73	0	17
2020	Métis	41	38	11	6	2	2	0	80	8	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	35	13	5	3	3	0	78	8	2420
2019	Indigenous	41	35	11	6	4	2	0	78	10	801
2019	First Nations	42	34	12	6	4	3	0	78	10	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	41	0	11	0	0	0	89	11	16
2019	Métis	41	37	11	7	4	1	0	78	11	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	38	14	5	4	2	0	76	9	2077
2018	Indigenous	36	34	16	7	4	2	0	72	12	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	39	13	5	4	2	1	77	9	1919

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	32	7	6	4	83	10	695
2022	First Nations	50	35	7	5	4	84	9	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	19	9	0	0	91	0	15
2022	Métis	52	30	5	9	4	82	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	38	8	5	3	84	8	2360
2020	Indigenous	48	35	10	5	2	83	7	810
2020	First Nations	48	34	11	5	3	82	7	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	17	19	13	0	68	13	17
2020	Métis	50	36	8	4	2	85	7	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	32	10	5	3	83	7	2422
2019	Indigenous	45	35	12	5	3	80	8	802
2019	First Nations	47	33	12	5	3	80	9	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	48	6	6	0	89	6	16
2019	Métis	42	38	12	5	3	80	8	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	37	12	6	4	78	11	2080
2018	Indigenous	41	36	13	6	4	78	10	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	39	11	6	4	78	10	1918

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	30	6	8	6	3	2	78	15	695
2022	First Nations	43	31	6	9	6	4	2	78	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	81	10	0	0	10	0	0	90	10	15
2022	Métis	46	31	7	7	5	3	1	80	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	29	10	6	5	5	3	77	12	2360

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	30	8	9	8	4	2	73	18	695
2022	First Nations	38	31	8	11	7	4	2	73	19	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	18	0	0	15	0	0	85	15	15
2022	Métis	41	29	9	8	8	4	1	73	17	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	29	11	6	5	6	3	76	12	2360

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	25	24	7	3	10	2	62	11	695
2022	First Nations	27	24	26	7	3	10	2	59	12	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	14	45	0	4	0	9	46	4	15
2022	Métis	34	25	23	5	2	9	2	67	7	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	29	21	5	3	12	1	67	9	2355
2020	Indigenous	36	33	15	7	4	4	1	72	12	816
2020	First Nations	35	33	15	7	5	4	1	71	13	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	27	25	6	0	7	6	65	6	17
2020	Métis	37	34	15	6	2	5	0	75	9	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	32	16	6	3	5	0	73	10	2426

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	30	8	6	7	3	1	78	13	695
2022	First Nations	44	31	10	5	7	2	1	77	12	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	17	5	4	6	0	0	85	10	15
2022	Métis	45	31	5	6	7	4	2	81	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	31	10	7	4	5	3	78	11	2355
2020	Indigenous	45	27	12	7	6	3	1	74	13	811
2020	First Nations	46	25	12	7	6	3	1	73	14	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	35	6	0	11	0	0	83	11	17
2020	Métis	43	32	11	7	4	3	0	77	11	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	30	13	7	4	3	1	75	12	2421

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	18	23	6	7	31	4	45	19	695
2022	First Nations	11	18	22	5	7	32	4	46	19	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	12	17	0	10	45	9	43	21	15
2022	Métis	13	16	24	6	6	30	5	45	18	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	17	23	4	3	37	5	48	12	2355

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	2	33	14	43	8	2	62	50
2022	First Nations	0	2	43	13	36	6	2	52	35
2022	Métis	0	0	14	20	57	9	0	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	5	20	16	43	15	7	69	70
2020	Indigenous	4	8	13	21	46	10	13	73	49
2020	First Nations	4	10	11	16	46	12	16	71	39
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	8	21	21	37	9	13	64	83

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	28	16	8	8	7	5	64	19	690
2022	First Nations	29	27	17	7	9	7	5	63	18	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	35	17	0	15	0	0	68	15	15
2022	Métis	29	28	16	8	7	7	5	64	18	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	29	19	6	6	6	7	65	14	2355
2020	Indigenous	26	29	21	11	7	4	3	58	20	810
2020	First Nations	28	26	21	11	8	4	3	58	20	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	23	25	20	0	12	0	48	23	16
2020	Métis	22	35	20	10	7	3	2	60	19	250
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	29	19	9	6	5	3	63	17	2421
2019	Indigenous	29	28	16	11	9	5	2	61	22	804
2019	First Nations	32	28	15	9	9	6	2	65	19	528
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	44	11	6	9	0	0	74	15	16
2019	Métis	22	26	19	15	11	4	2	52	28	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	30	17	11	10	3	3	59	23	2080
2018	Indigenous	21	29	21	14	11	3	2	53	25	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	31	19	12	10	5	2	56	24	1917

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	34	13	10	8	3	1	67	19	695
2022	First Nations	30	34	14	9	8	3	2	67	18	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	27	0	21	5	0	0	73	27	15
2022	Métis	30	35	11	11	9	3	1	67	22	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	35	15	12	7	3	1	65	19	2355
2020	Indigenous	33	31	15	12	6	3	1	66	19	810
2020	First Nations	34	31	14	10	6	3	1	68	17	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	13	30	11	6	0	0	53	17	17
2020	Métis	31	31	15	15	6	3	0	64	21	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	35	15	12	6	2	1	66	19	2421
2019	Indigenous	31	31	14	12	7	5	1	66	20	801
2019	First Nations	31	30	14	13	6	4	1	65	20	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	34	5	20	9	6	0	63	31	16
2019	Métis	30	32	13	9	9	6	1	67	19	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	34	16	14	8	2	1	61	23	2080
2018	Indigenous	28	32	14	14	8	3	1	62	23	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	38	14	13	7	2	1	66	20	1920

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	34	16	9	6	2	0	69	15	695
2022	First Nations	33	32	17	10	6	1	0	66	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	15	0	4	5	0	81	4	15
2022	Métis	32	37	13	8	7	2	1	71	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	41	18	7	4	2	0	70	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	35	32	17	9	5	1	0	68	14	812
2020	First Nations	35	33	17	8	5	2	0	69	13	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	27	27	11	0	0	0	62	11	17
2020	Métis	35	31	17	11	5	0	0	67	16	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	37	19	8	4	2	0	69	12	2413
2019	Indigenous	31	33	19	9	6	2	0	65	16	801
2019	First Nations	33	33	18	8	5	3	0	68	14	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	11	31	11	0	0	46	43	16
2019	Métis	26	34	21	11	7	1	0	61	18	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	35	23	10	8	2	0	59	18	2078
2018	Indigenous	24	35	22	10	6	3	0	61	16	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	39	20	11	6	1	0	62	18	1913

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	22	16	12	14	9	3	53	29	695
2022	First Nations	26	22	15	12	13	10	3	55	28	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	8	15	14	4	21	8	53	26	15
2022	Métis	24	23	16	12	17	7	2	51	32	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	24	19	12	12	12	3	49	28	2360
2020	Indigenous	25	21	18	14	14	8	1	50	31	816
2020	First Nations	26	21	18	14	12	8	1	52	29	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	16	25	6	19	6	0	49	25	17
2020	Métis	22	22	17	14	18	6	0	47	35	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	23	19	13	12	11	2	49	30	2419
2019	Indigenous	22	20	16	16	15	9	2	48	35	800
2019	First Nations	25	18	16	16	14	9	2	49	33	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	6	6	42	15	6	0	34	60	16
2019	Métis	15	24	16	15	19	11	1	44	38	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	21	21	13	18	9	2	41	36	2082
2018	Indigenous	18	22	19	14	18	8	1	43	36	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	23	19	16	15	9	2	43	35	1919

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	41	2	9	3	86	12	695
2022	First Nations	45	40	3	9	3	85	12	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	41	4	0	0	96	0	15
2022	Métis	44	41	2	10	4	85	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	44	4	8	4	84	13	2360
2020	Indigenous	36	43	5	13	4	79	17	815
2020	First Nations	37	43	5	12	3	80	15	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	35	12	12	6	71	17	16
2020	Métis	34	42	3	14	7	76	21	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	46	4	13	4	80	16	2424

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	29	7	9	6	0	1	78	15	695
2022	First Nations	51	26	7	9	6	0	1	78	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	16	0	21	0	5	4	77	23	15
2022	Métis	45	32	7	10	6	0	0	77	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	32	9	10	6	0	2	74	17	2350
2020	Indigenous	41	33	9	13	3	0	0	75	16	813
2020	First Nations	43	32	10	12	3	0	1	75	15	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	36	11	17	0	0	0	73	17	17
2020	Métis	39	34	8	16	3	0	0	74	18	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	39	10	10	3	0	1	76	14	2424
2019	Indigenous	43	35	5	11	6	0	0	78	17	803
2019	First Nations	48	31	4	12	6	0	0	79	17	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	63	9	0	0	0	0	91	0	16
2019	Métis	33	40	8	12	7	0	0	74	19	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	36	7	12	7	0	0	74	19	2080

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	9	9	5	0	77	14	695
2022	First Nations	48	29	10	8	5	0	77	13	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	11	0	35	0	0	65	35	15
2022	Métis	46	33	8	7	6	0	79	13	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	36	9	7	3	1	80	11	2355
2020	Indigenous	43	34	11	9	3	1	77	13	808
2020	First Nations	43	34	10	9	3	1	77	12	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	47	0	0	0	0	100	0	17
2020	Métis	43	32	11	9	4	1	75	13	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	37	10	8	3	0	79	11	2403
2019	Indigenous	41	35	11	10	3	0	76	13	799
2019	First Nations	45	32	11	9	2	1	78	11	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	52	11	0	0	0	89	0	16
2019	Métis	30	42	12	11	5	0	72	16	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	37	11	9	5	0	75	14	2070

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	17	2	1	2	1	0	95	3	695
2022	First Nations	77	16	2	1	3	0	0	94	4	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	90	6	4	0	0	0	0	96	0	15
2022	Métis	78	16	3	1	1	1	0	96	2	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	17	3	2	2	0	1	94	3	2355
2020	Indigenous	73	19	4	2	2	0	0	92	4	812
2020	First Nations	73	17	5	2	2	0	1	91	4	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	83	17	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	17
2020	Métis	72	21	2	3	2	0	0	93	5	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	18	3	2	1	0	1	94	3	2417

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	7	4	1	1	0	6	93	2	695
2022	First Nations	83	6	4	1	1	0	5	94	2	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	93	0	0	0	0	0	7	100	0	15
2022	Métis	80	7	3	1	2	0	7	94	3	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	8	2	1	2	0	3	94	3	2360
2019	Indigenous	78	8	6	0	1	0	6	92	1	798
2019	First Nations	78	7	7	0	1	1	6	91	1	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	72	22	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	16
2019	Métis	81	7	4	1	1	0	6	94	2	245
2019	Non-Indigenous	79	9	5	1	2	0	4	92	3	2074

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	17	11	7	9	18	12	63	22	695
2022	First Nations	28	17	10	8	8	18	12	63	22	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	9	10	0	7	14	12	78	9	15
2022	Métis	24	19	11	5	10	18	12	62	22	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	21	10	6	6	13	8	72	15	2360
2020	Indigenous	27	14	13	7	12	17	10	55	26	815
2020	First Nations	26	14	14	7	12	16	11	55	26	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	19	11	0	6	26	6	76	8	17
2020	Métis	27	14	12	7	13	19	8	56	28	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	18	10	7	7	11	8	70	17	2421
2019	Indigenous	24	12	10	9	13	22	11	54	32	804
2019	First Nations	25	13	10	8	12	22	11	56	30	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	11	17	6	6	29	9	54	19	16
2019	Métis	22	11	8	12	16	21	10	48	40	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	14	10	9	10	17	8	61	26	2088

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	695
2022	First Nations	17	83	430
2022	Métis	15	85	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2360
2020	Indigenous	17	83	814
2020	First Nations	18	82	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	64	17
2020	Métis	14	86	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	2421
2019	Indigenous	24	76	802
2019	First Nations	22	78	525
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2086
2018	Indigenous	25	75	711
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1924

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	120
2022	First Nations	57	43	75
2022	Métis	43	57	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	265
2020	Indigenous	47	53	147
2020	First Nations	50	50	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	333
2019	Indigenous	48	52	187
2019	First Nations	45	55	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	422
2018	Indigenous	54	46	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	351

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	120
2022	First Nations	52	48	75
2022	Métis	62	38	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	38	265
2020	Indigenous	61	39	147
2020	First Nations	59	41	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	44	333
2019	Indigenous	54	46	187
2019	First Nations	62	38	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	42	422
2018	Indigenous	56	44	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	351

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	120
2022	First Nations	6	94	75
2022	Métis	9	91	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	265
2020	Indigenous	5	95	147
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	333
2019	Indigenous	9	91	187
2019	First Nations	8	92	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	422
2018	Indigenous	7	93	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	351

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	120
2022	First Nations	1	99	75
2022	Métis	2	98	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	265
2020	First Nations	0	100	98

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	First Nations	9	91	75
2022	Métis	12	88	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	265
2020	Indigenous	9	91	147
2020	First Nations	11	89	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	333
2019	Indigenous	7	93	187
2019	First Nations	9	91	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	422
2018	Indigenous	11	89	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	351

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	120
2022	First Nations	16	84	75
2022	Métis	20	80	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	265
2020	Indigenous	18	82	147
2020	First Nations	21	79	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	333
2019	Indigenous	18	82	187
2019	First Nations	21	79	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	422
2018	Indigenous	10	90	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	351

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	120
2022	First Nations	4	96	75
2022	Métis	8	92	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	265
2020	Indigenous	7	93	147
2020	First Nations	10	90	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	333
2019	Indigenous	7	93	187
2019	First Nations	6	94	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	422
2018	Indigenous	7	93	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	351

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	120
2022	First Nations	36	64	75
2022	Métis	47	53	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	265
2020	Indigenous	41	59	147
2020	First Nations	43	57	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	333
2019	Indigenous	47	53	182
2019	First Nations	47	53	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	420
2018	Indigenous	36	64	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	352

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	120
2022	First Nations	45	55	75
2022	Métis	42	58	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	265
2020	Indigenous	43	57	147
2020	First Nations	46	54	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	333
2019	Indigenous	40	60	182
2019	First Nations	41	59	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	420
2018	Indigenous	36	64	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	352

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	120
2022	First Nations	45	55	75
2022	Métis	44	56	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	265
2020	Indigenous	50	50	147
2020	First Nations	50	50	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	333
2019	Indigenous	49	51	182
2019	First Nations	47	53	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	420
2018	Indigenous	45	55	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	352

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	120
2022	First Nations	29	71	75
2022	Métis	39	61	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	265
2020	Indigenous	44	56	147
2020	First Nations	46	54	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	59	333
2019	Indigenous	37	63	182
2019	First Nations	37	63	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	420
2018	Indigenous	35	65	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	352

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	120
2022	First Nations	27	73	75
2022	Métis	37	63	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	265
2020	Indigenous	42	58	147
2020	First Nations	44	56	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	333
2019	Indigenous	35	65	182
2019	First Nations	41	59	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	420
2018	Indigenous	34	66	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	352

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	120
2022	First Nations	60	40	75
2022	Métis	69	31	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	265
2020	Indigenous	52	48	147
2020	First Nations	53	47	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	47	333
2019	Indigenous	53	47	182
2019	First Nations	49	51	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	420
2018	Indigenous	47	53	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	352

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	120
2022	First Nations	23	77	75
2022	Métis	31	69	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	265
2020	Indigenous	36	64	147
2020	First Nations	32	68	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	64	333
2019	Indigenous	35	65	182
2019	First Nations	32	68	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	420
2018	Indigenous	27	73	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	61	352

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	120
2022	First Nations	2	98	75
2022	Métis	2	98	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	265
2019	First Nations	0	100	117

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	120
2022	First Nations	3	97	75
2022	Métis	6	94	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	265
2020	Indigenous	5	95	147
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	333
2019	Indigenous	12	88	182
2019	First Nations	13	87	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	420
2018	Indigenous	6	94	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	352

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	First Nations	12	88	75
2022	Métis	9	91	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	265
2020	Indigenous	14	86	147
2020	First Nations	16	84	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	333
2019	Indigenous	9	91	182
2019	First Nations	10	90	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	420
2018	Indigenous	8	92	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	352

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	120
2022	First Nations	36	64	75
2022	Métis	51	49	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	265
2020	Indigenous	55	45	147
2020	First Nations	55	45	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	333
2019	Indigenous	44	56	182
2019	First Nations	49	51	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	420
2018	Indigenous	45	55	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	352

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	120
2022	First Nations	20	80	75
2022	Métis	29	71	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	265
2020	Indigenous	23	77	147
2020	First Nations	24	76	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	333
2019	Indigenous	27	73	182
2019	First Nations	25	75	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	420
2018	Indigenous	22	78	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	352

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	120
2022	First Nations	23	77	75
2022	Métis	26	74	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	265
2020	Indigenous	24	76	147
2020	First Nations	29	71	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	333
2019	Indigenous	15	85	182
2019	First Nations	17	83	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	420
2018	Indigenous	11	89	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	352

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	120
2022	First Nations	59	41	75
2022	Métis	60	40	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	265
2020	Indigenous	57	43	147
2020	First Nations	56	44	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	42	333
2019	Indigenous	56	44	182
2019	First Nations	51	49	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	38	418
2018	Indigenous	45	55	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	42	351

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	120
2022	First Nations	21	79	75
2022	Métis	20	80	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	265
2020	Indigenous	26	74	147
2020	First Nations	25	75	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	333
2019	Indigenous	24	76	182
2019	First Nations	24	76	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	64	418
2018	Indigenous	27	73	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	351

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	120
2022	First Nations	5	95	75
2022	Métis	5	95	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	265
2020	Indigenous	11	89	147
2020	First Nations	11	89	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	333
2019	Indigenous	6	94	182
2019	First Nations	7	93	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	418
2018	Indigenous	7	93	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	351

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	120
2022	First Nations	11	89	75
2022	Métis	9	91	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	265
2020	Indigenous	27	73	147
2020	First Nations	27	73	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	333
2019	Indigenous	25	75	182
2019	First Nations	27	73	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	76	418
2018	Indigenous	14	86	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	351

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	120
2022	First Nations	7	93	75
2022	Métis	25	75	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	265
2020	Indigenous	14	86	147
2020	First Nations	14	86	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	333
2019	Indigenous	7	93	182
2019	First Nations	7	93	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	418
2018	Indigenous	5	95	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	351

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	120
2022	First Nations	7	93	75
2022	Métis	6	94	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	265
2020	Indigenous	14	86	147
2020	First Nations	12	88	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	333
2019	Indigenous	8	92	182
2019	First Nations	9	91	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	418
2018	Indigenous	5	95	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	351

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	120
2022	First Nations	10	90	75
2022	Métis	0	100	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	265
2020	Indigenous	5	95	147
2020	First Nations	4	96	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	333
2019	Indigenous	10	90	182
2019	First Nations	11	89	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	418
2018	Indigenous	13	87	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	351

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	120
2022	First Nations	7	93	75
2022	Métis	16	84	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	265
2020	Indigenous	13	87	147
2020	First Nations	17	83	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	333
2019	Indigenous	11	89	182
2019	First Nations	7	93	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	418
2018	Indigenous	8	92	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	351

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	120
2022	First Nations	26	74	75
2022	Métis	21	79	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	265
2020	Indigenous	24	76	147
2020	First Nations	24	76	98
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	333
2019	Indigenous	23	77	182
2019	First Nations	24	76	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	418
2018	Indigenous	30	70	184
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	76	351

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	First Nations	12	88	70
2022	Métis	6	94	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	245
2020	Indigenous	9	91	127
2020	First Nations	11	89	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	311
2019	Indigenous	17	83	168
2019	First Nations	17	83	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	388
2018	Indigenous	10	90	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	339

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	115
2022	First Nations	21	79	70
2022	Métis	17	83	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	245
2020	Indigenous	11	89	127
2020	First Nations	10	90	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	311
2019	Indigenous	15	85	168
2019	First Nations	13	87	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	388
2018	Indigenous	17	83	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	339

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	115
2022	First Nations	11	89	70
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	245
2020	Indigenous	8	92	127
2020	First Nations	10	90	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	311
2019	Indigenous	8	92	168
2019	First Nations	10	90	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	388
2018	Indigenous	4	96	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	339

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	115
2022	First Nations	2	98	70
2022	Métis	11	89	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	245
2020	Indigenous	6	94	127
2020	First Nations	7	93	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	311
2019	Indigenous	7	93	168
2019	First Nations	7	93	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	388
2018	Indigenous	9	91	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	339

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	115
2022	First Nations	11	89	70
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	245
2020	Indigenous	13	87	127
2020	First Nations	15	85	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	311
2019	Indigenous	9	91	168
2019	First Nations	7	93	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	388
2018	Indigenous	9	91	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	339

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	115
2022	First Nations	10	90	70
2022	Métis	15	85	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	245
2020	Indigenous	7	93	127
2020	First Nations	5	95	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	311
2019	Indigenous	9	91	168
2019	First Nations	10	90	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	388
2018	Indigenous	6	94	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	339

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	115
2022	First Nations	7	93	70
2022	Métis	13	87	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	245
2020	Indigenous	12	88	127
2020	First Nations	13	87	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	311
2019	Indigenous	11	89	168
2019	First Nations	12	88	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	388
2018	Indigenous	13	87	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	339

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	First Nations	10	90	70
2022	Métis	14	86	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	245
2020	Indigenous	12	88	127
2020	First Nations	13	87	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	311
2019	Indigenous	15	85	168
2019	First Nations	14	86	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	388
2018	Indigenous	11	89	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	339

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	115
2022	First Nations	11	89	70
2022	Métis	15	85	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	245
2020	Indigenous	15	85	127
2020	First Nations	18	82	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	311
2019	Indigenous	14	86	168
2019	First Nations	15	85	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	388
2018	Indigenous	11	89	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	339

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	115
2022	First Nations	23	77	70
2022	Métis	21	79	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	245
2020	Indigenous	33	67	127
2020	First Nations	34	66	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	311
2019	Indigenous	35	65	168
2019	First Nations	37	63	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	388
2018	Indigenous	24	76	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	339

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	First Nations	10	90	70
2022	Métis	9	91	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	245
2020	Indigenous	6	94	127
2020	First Nations	6	94	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	311
2019	Indigenous	5	95	168
2019	First Nations	6	94	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	388
2018	Indigenous	4	96	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	339

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	115
2022	First Nations	45	55	70
2022	Métis	43	57	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	245
2020	Indigenous	51	49	127
2020	First Nations	49	51	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	311
2019	Indigenous	45	55	168
2019	First Nations	48	52	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	388
2018	Indigenous	39	61	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	339

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	115
2022	First Nations	6	94	70
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	245
2019	First Nations	0	100	107
2018	Indigenous	0	100	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	339

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	115
2022	First Nations	47	53	70
2022	Métis	39	61	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	245
2020	Indigenous	58	42	127
2020	First Nations	58	42	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	39	311
2019	Indigenous	58	42	168
2019	First Nations	60	40	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	37	388
2018	Indigenous	57	43	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	37	339

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	115
2022	First Nations	1	99	70
2022	Métis	0	100	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	245

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	115
2022	First Nations	4	96	70
2022	Métis	14	86	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	245
2020	Indigenous	16	84	127
2020	First Nations	17	83	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	311
2019	Indigenous	13	87	168
2019	First Nations	15	85	107
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	388
2018	Indigenous	11	89	175
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	339

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	14	17	8	8	31	10	44	27	695
2022	First Nations	12	15	16	9	7	31	10	45	27	430
2022	Métis	13	15	18	6	10	28	9	45	27	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	13	15	6	7	38	10	45	26	2355
2020	Indigenous	21	16	20	7	9	20	7	50	22	816
2020	First Nations	21	18	21	7	9	18	7	51	21	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	24	7	17	24	11	25	37	17
2020	Métis	21	15	18	7	9	22	8	51	23	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	15	19	7	9	28	6	47	24	2424
2019	Indigenous	19	16	20	10	11	21	4	46	28	801
2019	First Nations	21	17	19	8	11	20	4	50	25	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	11	23	5	6	44	0	40	20	16
2019	Métis	14	14	21	14	12	20	5	37	35	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	16	21	10	13	22	6	39	32	2082
2018	Indigenous	15	17	26	13	10	15	4	39	28	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	18	24	10	11	20	6	40	28	1923

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	28	15	8	7	14	2	65	18	695
2022	First Nations	25	27	15	9	6	14	3	63	18	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	26	20	0	4	9	9	71	5	15
2022	Métis	28	28	13	8	8	13	1	66	19	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	32	15	7	5	14	2	68	14	2355
2020	Indigenous	31	27	19	7	8	6	1	63	16	815
2020	First Nations	31	28	19	8	8	6	1	63	17	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	16	32	0	6	11	6	55	7	17
2020	Métis	33	27	20	5	8	6	0	65	14	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	29	20	7	6	9	1	62	15	2423
2019	Indigenous	31	25	19	8	9	7	1	60	18	804
2019	First Nations	34	23	19	7	9	7	1	62	17	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	17	17	15	6	15	0	56	24	16
2019	Métis	23	30	20	9	10	7	1	57	21	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	29	19	10	9	8	1	58	21	2085
2018	Indigenous	25	28	22	11	7	6	1	57	19	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	21	9	8	8	1	58	18	1922

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	695
2022	First Nations	12	88	430
2022	Métis	9	91	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2355
2020	Indigenous	10	90	812
2020	First Nations	10	90	530
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2416
2019	Indigenous	12	88	799
2019	First Nations	12	88	522
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2082
2018	Indigenous	13	87	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1930

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	85
2022	First Nations	45	55	55
2022	Métis	45	55	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	200
2020	Indigenous	39	61	82
2020	First Nations	41	59	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	209
2019	Indigenous	43	57	103
2019	First Nations	46	54	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	256
2018	Indigenous	36	64	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	220

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	24	85
2022	First Nations	74	26	55
2022	Métis	78	22	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	17	200
2020	Indigenous	72	28	82
2020	First Nations	70	30	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	24	209
2019	Indigenous	65	35	103
2019	First Nations	63	37	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	29	256
2018	Indigenous	68	32	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	31	220

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	85
2022	First Nations	4	96	55
2022	Métis	7	93	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	200
2019	Indigenous	6	94	103
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	256

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	85
2022	First Nations	0	100	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	200
2019	First Nations	0	100	71

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	85
2022	First Nations	9	91	55
2022	Métis	18	82	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	200
2020	Indigenous	8	92	82
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	209
2019	Indigenous	13	87	103
2019	First Nations	10	90	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	256
2018	Indigenous	12	88	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	220

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	85
2022	First Nations	13	87	55
2022	Métis	16	84	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	200
2020	Indigenous	14	86	82
2020	First Nations	16	84	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	209
2019	Indigenous	15	85	103
2019	First Nations	16	84	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	256
2018	Indigenous	13	87	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	220

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	85
2022	First Nations	5	95	55
2022	Métis	9	91	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	200
2019	Indigenous	8	92	103
2019	First Nations	8	92	71
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	256
2018	Indigenous	5	95	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	220

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	85
2022	First Nations	64	36	55
2022	Métis	57	43	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	200
2020	Indigenous	58	42	82
2020	First Nations	66	34	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	209
2019	Indigenous	49	51	101
2019	First Nations	56	44	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	253
2018	Indigenous	49	51	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	219

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	85
2022	First Nations	23	77	55
2022	Métis	33	67	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	200
2020	Indigenous	29	71	82
2020	First Nations	32	68	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	209
2019	Indigenous	20	80	101
2019	First Nations	20	80	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	253
2018	Indigenous	19	81	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	219

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	85
2022	First Nations	3	97	55
2022	Métis	17	83	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	200
2020	Indigenous	11	89	82
2020	First Nations	9	91	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	209
2019	Indigenous	14	86	101
2019	First Nations	9	91	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	253
2018	Indigenous	12	88	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	219

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	85
2022	First Nations	3	97	55
2022	Métis	7	93	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	200

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	85
2022	First Nations	31	69	55
2022	Métis	21	79	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	200
2020	Indigenous	25	75	82
2020	First Nations	25	75	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	209
2019	Indigenous	23	77	101
2019	First Nations	19	81	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	253
2018	Indigenous	16	84	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	219

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	85
2022	First Nations	23	77	55
2022	Métis	24	76	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	200
2020	Indigenous	21	79	82
2020	First Nations	24	76	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	209
2019	Indigenous	25	75	101
2019	First Nations	21	79	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	253
2018	Indigenous	14	86	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	219

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	85
2022	First Nations	9	91	55
2022	Métis	11	89	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	200
2020	Indigenous	5	95	82
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	209
2019	First Nations	0	100	70

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	85
2022	First Nations	4	96	55
2022	Métis	23	77	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	200

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	85
2022	First Nations	11	89	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	200
2020	Indigenous	7	93	82
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	209
2019	Indigenous	14	86	101
2019	First Nations	11	89	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	253

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	85
2022	First Nations	18	82	55
2022	Métis	10	90	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	200
2020	Indigenous	15	85	82
2020	First Nations	14	86	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	209
2019	Indigenous	18	82	101
2019	First Nations	18	82	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	253
2018	Indigenous	14	86	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	219

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	85
2022	First Nations	11	89	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	200
2020	First Nations	0	100	57
2019	First Nations	0	100	70
2018	Indigenous	0	100	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	219

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	85
2022	First Nations	24	76	55
2022	Métis	29	71	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	200
2020	Indigenous	20	80	82
2020	First Nations	19	81	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	209
2019	Indigenous	10	90	101
2019	First Nations	13	87	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	253
2018	Indigenous	13	87	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	219

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	85
2022	First Nations	100	55
2022	Métis	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	200
2020	First Nations	100	57
2019	Indigenous	100	101
2019	First Nations	100	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	253

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	85
2022	First Nations	12	88	55
2022	Métis	6	94	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	200
2020	Indigenous	22	78	82
2020	First Nations	19	81	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	209
2019	Indigenous	15	85	101
2019	First Nations	15	85	70
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	253

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	85
2022	First Nations	36	64	55
2022	Métis	39	61	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	200
2020	Indigenous	43	57	82
2020	First Nations	44	56	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	209
2019	Indigenous	25	75	100
2019	First Nations	29	71	69
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	249
2018	Indigenous	26	74	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	221

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	85
2022	First Nations	10	90	55
2022	Métis	7	93	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	200
2020	Indigenous	17	83	82
2020	First Nations	16	84	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	209
2019	Indigenous	18	82	100
2019	First Nations	16	84	69
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	249
2018	Indigenous	11	89	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	221

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	85
2022	First Nations	7	93	55
2022	Métis	4	96	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	200
2020	Indigenous	11	89	82
2020	First Nations	11	89	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	209

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	85
2022	First Nations	13	87	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	200
2020	Indigenous	30	70	82
2020	First Nations	32	68	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	209
2019	Indigenous	15	85	100
2019	First Nations	15	85	69
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	249
2018	Indigenous	12	88	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	221

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	85
2022	First Nations	6	94	55
2022	Métis	9	91	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	200
2020	Indigenous	11	89	82
2020	First Nations	13	87	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	209

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	85
2022	First Nations	6	94	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	200
2020	Indigenous	14	86	82
2020	First Nations	16	84	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	209
2019	Indigenous	6	94	100
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	249

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	85
2022	First Nations	2	98	55
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	200
2020	Indigenous	7	93	82
2020	First Nations	8	92	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	209
2019	Indigenous	10	90	100
2019	First Nations	14	86	69
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	249
2018	Indigenous	6	94	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	221

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	85
2022	First Nations	11	89	55
2022	Métis	9	91	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	200
2020	Indigenous	9	91	82
2020	First Nations	10	90	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	209
2019	Indigenous	6	94	100
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	249
2018	Indigenous	7	93	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	220

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	85
2022	First Nations	53	47	55
2022	Métis	47	53	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	200
2020	Indigenous	37	63	82
2020	First Nations	35	65	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	209
2019	Indigenous	40	60	100
2019	First Nations	35	65	69
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	249
2018	Indigenous	49	51	94
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	43	221

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	80
2022	First Nations	0	100	50
2022	Métis	3	97	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	190
2019	Indigenous	12	88	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	228
2018	Indigenous	7	93	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	220

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	80
2022	First Nations	9	91	50
2022	Métis	11	89	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	190
2020	Indigenous	7	93	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	198
2019	Indigenous	10	90	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	228
2018	Indigenous	17	83	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	220

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	80
2022	First Nations	11	89	50
2022	Métis	3	97	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	190

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	80
2022	First Nations	2	98	50
2022	Métis	3	97	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	190

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	80
2022	First Nations	10	90	50
2022	Métis	3	97	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	190

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	80
2022	First Nations	2	98	50
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	190
2019	Indigenous	6	94	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	228

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	80
2022	First Nations	11	89	50
2022	Métis	6	94	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	190
2020	Indigenous	6	94	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	198
2019	Indigenous	13	87	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	228
2018	Indigenous	8	92	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	220

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	80
2022	First Nations	12	88	50
2022	Métis	7	93	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	190
2020	Indigenous	14	86	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	198
2019	Indigenous	10	90	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	228
2018	Indigenous	9	91	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	80
2022	First Nations	9	91	50
2022	Métis	14	86	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	190
2020	Indigenous	11	89	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	198
2019	Indigenous	12	88	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	228
2018	Indigenous	10	90	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	220

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	80
2022	First Nations	20	80	50
2022	Métis	22	78	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	190
2020	Indigenous	29	71	70
2020	First Nations	26	74	48
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	70	198
2019	Indigenous	28	72	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	228
2018	Indigenous	26	74	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	220

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	80
2022	First Nations	7	93	50
2022	Métis	6	94	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	190
2020	Indigenous	11	89	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	198
2019	Indigenous	7	93	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	228

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	80
2022	First Nations	42	58	50
2022	Métis	62	38	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	190
2020	Indigenous	47	53	70
2020	First Nations	43	57	48
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	198
2019	Indigenous	49	51	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	228
2018	Indigenous	36	64	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	220

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	80
2022	First Nations	7	93	50
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	190

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	80
2022	First Nations	56	44	50
2022	Métis	66	34	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	190
2020	Indigenous	62	38	70
2020	First Nations	63	37	48
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	31	198
2019	Indigenous	56	44	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	31	228
2018	Indigenous	55	45	90
2018	Non-Indigenous	62	38	220

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	80
2022	First Nations	0	100	50
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	190

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	80
2022	First Nations	9	91	50
2022	Métis	15	85	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	190
2020	Indigenous	15	85	70
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	198
2019	Indigenous	6	94	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	228
2018	Indigenous	9	91	89
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	219

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	13	20	7	6	31	7	47	20	695
2022	First Nations	16	14	20	7	6	30	8	47	21	430
2022	Métis	17	11	22	6	6	31	7	44	20	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	14	18	5	4	38	8	50	17	2360
2020	Indigenous	23	16	23	5	6	21	6	53	15	812
2020	First Nations	23	17	24	5	6	19	6	54	15	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	25	0	6	42	11	35	12	17
2020	Métis	26	14	23	5	5	21	6	54	14	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	15	21	5	4	32	6	51	14	2419
2019	Indigenous	21	15	24	6	7	23	4	49	18	803
2019	First Nations	22	15	24	5	7	22	5	51	17	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	6	22	0	6	55	0	37	13	16
2019	Métis	17	16	24	7	8	25	4	46	21	249
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	15	25	5	8	27	6	42	20	2079
2018	Indigenous	16	18	31	6	6	19	4	44	16	711
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	17	28	6	6	25	5	44	17	1914

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	25	18	6	5	13	2	65	14	695
2022	First Nations	30	25	18	6	5	12	3	64	14	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	20	9	0	4	26	9	80	6	15
2022	Métis	27	28	17	5	7	14	1	65	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	33	16	6	4	14	2	69	12	2360
2020	Indigenous	34	28	18	7	4	7	1	68	12	814
2020	First Nations	33	29	18	7	4	6	1	68	13	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	30	17	0	6	18	6	71	7	17
2020	Métis	36	26	18	6	4	9	0	69	11	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	29	20	6	4	10	1	67	11	2417
2019	Indigenous	32	23	22	6	6	9	2	62	13	800
2019	First Nations	34	22	22	5	6	9	2	63	13	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	11	28	0	6	24	0	56	7	16
2019	Métis	29	27	21	8	6	10	1	62	15	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	28	20	7	7	10	2	62	16	2080
2018	Indigenous	26	27	26	7	5	7	1	58	14	710
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	30	23	7	6	10	2	59	14	1916

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	695
2022	First Nations	17	83	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	96	15
2022	Métis	16	84	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2355
2020	Indigenous	16	84	812
2020	First Nations	16	84	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	72	16
2020	Métis	18	82	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2417
2019	Indigenous	20	80	802
2019	First Nations	20	80	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	16
2019	Métis	21	79	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	2085

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	115
2022	First Nations	57	43	75
2022	Métis	43	57	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	290
2020	Indigenous	56	44	136
2020	First Nations	54	46	85
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	302

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	35	115
2022	First Nations	64	36	75
2022	Métis	57	43	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	30	290
2020	Indigenous	75	25	136
2020	First Nations	72	28	85
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	23	302
2019	Indigenous	83	17	174
2019	First Nations	84	16	114
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	19	405

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	27	5	9	3	1	83	12	80
2022	First Nations	51	28	4	10	5	2	80	15	50
2022	Métis	57	32	3	8	0	0	89	8	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	36	9	8	4	1	79	12	205
2020	Indigenous	61	25	7	7	0	0	86	7	102
2020	First Nations	51	30	9	11	0	0	81	11	62
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	30	9	5	3	0	83	8	238
2019	Indigenous	44	34	10	8	4	1	79	11	144
2019	First Nations	47	31	11	8	3	2	79	11	98
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	31	5	11	3	0	81	14	323

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	31	8	6	3	2	1	82	9	695
2022	First Nations	49	30	9	5	4	2	1	82	8	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	83	12	5	0	0	0	0	95	0	15
2022	Métis	49	30	5	9	2	3	2	83	12	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	32	8	5	3	3	2	83	8	2355
2020	Indigenous	52	26	10	4	3	2	2	81	8	815
2020	First Nations	51	26	12	4	4	2	2	80	8	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	17	5	6	0	11	5	87	7	17
2020	Métis	55	28	7	5	3	1	0	85	8	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	8	5	3	2	3	84	8	2421

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	14	6	3	5	420
2022	First Nations	69	14	8	4	6	245
2022	Métis	76	15	3	2	4	160
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	14	4	2	3	1695

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	88	12	500
2022	First Nations	90	10	305
2022	Métis	87	13	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	16	1800

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	505
2022	First Nations	37	63	310
2022	Métis	33	67	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	1800

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	49	505
2022	First Nations	53	47	310
2022	Métis	46	54	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1800

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	505
2022	First Nations	45	55	310
2022	Métis	33	67	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	1800

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	505
2022	First Nations	37	63	310
2022	Métis	19	81	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	1800

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	505
2022	First Nations	33	67	310
2022	Métis	34	66	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	1800

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	505
2022	First Nations	14	86	310
2022	Métis	12	88	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1800

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	505
2022	First Nations	30	70	310
2022	Métis	19	81	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1800

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	505
2022	First Nations	21	79	310
2022	Métis	14	86	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1800

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	505
2022	First Nations	28	72	310
2022	Métis	20	80	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1800

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	505
2022	First Nations	33	67	310
2022	Métis	27	73	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	1800

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	505
2022	First Nations	3	97	310
2022	Métis	3	97	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1800

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	505
2022	First Nations	16	84	310
2022	Métis	29	71	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1800

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	13	5	1	2	7	91	4	505
2022	First Nations	69	13	7	1	2	8	89	3	310
2022	Métis	79	12	2	0	3	5	95	3	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	11	2	1	1	4	95	3	1800

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	12	15	14	43	3	7	63	21	505
2022	First Nations	9	10	17	14	40	3	7	60	22	310
2022	Métis	3	13	11	13	49	3	7	69	18	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	13	14	15	45	4	4	66	20	1800

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	16	20	13	36	5	2	53	25	505
2022	First Nations	9	17	21	14	31	5	3	49	28	310
2022	Métis	3	16	18	12	46	4	1	60	20	175
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	17	16	17	38	4	1	58	26	1800

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Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	25	5	5	6	1	0	84	11	695
2022	First Nations	58	23	6	5	7	1	1	82	11	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	76	9	5	10	0	0	0	85	10	15
2022	Métis	59	27	3	6	5	0	0	86	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	28	6	5	4	1	0	84	10	2360
2020	Indigenous	50	27	10	7	6	1	0	78	12	812
2020	First Nations	51	26	10	6	6	1	0	78	12	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	67	11	11	6	6	0	0	78	11	17
2020	Métis	47	29	11	8	5	0	0	76	12	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	8	7	5	1	0	80	11	2410

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	11	16	10	34	5	16	56	23	695
2022	First Nations	9	12	17	12	32	6	12	53	26	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	4	0	5	47	0	38	84	16	15
2022	Métis	5	11	15	8	38	3	20	59	21	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	8	15	8	37	5	22	63	17	2355

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	39	15	11	5	3	0	69	16	695
2022	First Nations	27	42	14	11	4	1	0	70	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	14	11	21	4	0	0	64	25	15
2022	Métis	27	37	14	11	6	4	1	67	18	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	44	15	8	5	3	0	72	13	2355
2020	Indigenous	39	39	13	5	3	1	0	79	8	816
2020	First Nations	40	37	13	5	3	1	0	78	9	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	30	29	0	6	6	0	63	6	17
2020	Métis	37	42	14	6	1	1	0	79	7	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	41	12	5	2	1	0	80	7	2422
2019	Indigenous	30	38	14	11	5	2	0	69	16	795
2019	First Nations	31	41	12	8	6	3	0	74	14	520
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	31	11	20	0	6	0	66	22	16
2019	Métis	29	32	18	16	5	1	0	61	21	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	41	17	10	6	2	0	67	16	2081
2018	Indigenous	22	42	17	9	6	3	1	66	16	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	44	17	9	5	2	0	67	15	1915

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	24	38	22	7	695
2022	First Nations	9	23	38	23	7	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	68	19	13	0	15
2022	Métis	10	21	41	19	9	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	28	37	21	5	2355

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	22	8	4	3	3	1	83	8	695
2022	First Nations	59	19	9	4	4	4	2	83	8	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	14	5	0	0	0	13	94	0	15
2022	Métis	56	25	7	5	3	3	1	84	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	27	9	3	3	2	1	84	7	2355
2020	Indigenous	49	25	13	6	5	2	1	76	11	811
2020	First Nations	50	25	12	5	5	2	2	77	11	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	17	6	14	6	0	0	75	19	17
2020	Métis	47	25	15	6	3	3	0	75	10	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	27	13	4	4	3	1	78	8	2411

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	24	7	7	10	1	0	75	17	695
2022	First Nations	51	24	8	5	11	1	1	76	16	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	9	5	31	0	0	0	64	31	15
2022	Métis	52	23	5	8	11	1	0	76	19	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	26	9	8	8	2	0	75	16	2360
2020	Indigenous	42	26	11	12	9	1	0	68	21	810
2020	First Nations	43	25	11	11	10	1	1	68	21	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	11	6	25	6	0	0	64	30	17
2020	Métis	39	28	11	12	8	1	0	68	20	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	29	10	12	8	1	1	69	21	2417

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	36	15	12	8	2	0	64	21	695
2022	First Nations	26	37	16	12	8	2	1	64	21	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	36	6	5	4	0	0	85	9	15
2022	Métis	25	38	12	13	9	2	0	65	23	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	41	14	11	7	2	0	67	18	2355
2020	Indigenous	33	32	16	11	7	1	0	66	18	814
2020	First Nations	35	31	16	9	7	1	1	66	17	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	11	25	18	6	6	0	49	25	17
2020	Métis	30	35	15	14	6	0	0	65	20	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	16	11	7	2	0	65	19	2425
2019	Indigenous	24	31	18	15	10	2	0	56	26	800
2019	First Nations	26	31	17	12	11	2	0	59	24	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	33	15	20	6	6	0	57	28	16
2019	Métis	19	29	20	21	10	1	0	49	31	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	33	20	17	12	1	0	51	29	2080
2018	Indigenous	19	32	18	18	11	1	1	52	30	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	34	20	17	11	2	0	51	28	1924

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	50	11	12	7	1	0	69	20	180
2022	First Nations	18	51	12	12	7	0	1	69	19	110
2022	Métis	14	50	13	13	9	2	0	65	22	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	51	11	15	5	2	0	67	21	745
2020	Indigenous	31	46	9	10	3	0	1	78	13	190
2020	First Nations	36	43	9	8	2	0	2	81	10	110
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	45	14	15	4	1	0	66	19	701
2019	Indigenous	16	55	10	13	4	2	0	73	17	184
2019	First Nations	21	53	4	13	5	3	1	77	19	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	44	11	18	5	2	1	66	23	624

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	29	17	12	14	0	1	57	26	690
2022	First Nations	25	29	16	11	18	0	1	55	29	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	26	22	5	8	0	0	65	13	15
2022	Métis	31	29	17	12	10	0	0	60	23	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	29	17	9	13	1	2	59	23	2335
2020	Indigenous	29	30	18	12	11	1	1	59	23	815
2020	First Nations	30	30	18	12	9	1	1	61	21	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	0	20	0	0	12	78	22	16
2020	Métis	28	26	20	11	15	0	0	54	26	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	30	20	10	9	0	1	60	20	2410
2019	Indigenous	18	24	21	16	18	1	1	43	35	802
2019	First Nations	20	24	21	16	17	1	1	45	34	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	0	22	15	31	32	0	0	22	63	16
2019	Métis	16	23	22	16	21	0	1	40	38	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	25	22	14	19	0	1	44	34	2080
2018	Indigenous	18	23	24	13	20	0	1	42	34	710
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	21	23	16	21	0	1	38	38	1922

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	26	24	14	16	0	1	45	31	690
2022	First Nations	18	25	26	14	16	0	1	44	30	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	13	26	13	6	0	0	55	19	15
2022	Métis	17	29	20	15	17	0	1	47	33	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	26	26	15	17	0	1	41	33	2350
2020	Indigenous	20	26	23	17	14	0	0	46	31	815
2020	First Nations	20	26	24	16	14	0	0	46	30	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	19	42	22	5	11	0	0	62	16	17
2020	Métis	21	24	22	17	16	0	0	45	33	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	25	25	16	17	0	0	41	33	2424
2019	Indigenous	23	25	24	15	12	0	0	49	27	802
2019	First Nations	23	26	25	13	12	0	0	49	26	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	26	26	11	5	0	0	57	17	16
2019	Métis	23	25	20	19	13	1	0	48	32	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	26	26	17	14	0	0	43	31	2083
2018	Indigenous	19	26	28	14	13	0	1	45	27	711
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	25	28	16	15	0	0	40	32	1921

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	26	20	13	9	1	2	57	23	690
2022	First Nations	30	25	19	13	10	1	2	57	23	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	17	23	10	4	0	9	59	15	15
2022	Métis	27	28	22	13	8	0	2	56	22	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	30	23	12	10	0	2	54	23	2340
2020	Indigenous	29	28	20	13	9	0	1	57	22	812
2020	First Nations	29	27	21	12	9	1	1	57	22	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	37	33	0	5	0	0	62	5	17
2020	Métis	28	28	19	15	9	0	1	57	24	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	30	22	13	10	1	1	54	23	2417
2019	Indigenous	31	32	17	9	9	1	1	64	18	798
2019	First Nations	30	34	17	9	8	1	1	65	18	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	29	34	0	0	0	0	66	0	16
2019	Métis	32	29	18	9	10	2	0	63	19	244
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	33	23	12	7	0	1	57	19	2067
2018	Indigenous	24	33	21	10	8	1	2	59	19	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	31	25	14	8	1	1	53	22	1911

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	20	21	16	23	1	2	39	40	690
2022	First Nations	17	22	20	16	22	1	2	40	39	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	5	21	17	19	0	0	42	37	15
2022	Métis	19	18	22	15	24	0	1	37	40	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	22	22	18	20	1	1	39	39	2345
2020	Indigenous	23	22	21	15	18	1	0	45	33	816
2020	First Nations	24	21	22	15	17	1	0	45	32	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	41	5	17	5	0	0	73	22	17
2020	Métis	22	21	20	16	20	0	0	44	36	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	23	22	17	15	1	1	45	32	2412
2019	Indigenous	22	26	19	14	18	1	1	48	33	801
2019	First Nations	22	27	18	15	16	1	1	50	32	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	43	11	11	0	0	0	78	11	16
2019	Métis	21	22	21	11	23	1	1	44	35	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	23	24	16	19	0	1	41	35	2067
2018	Indigenous	19	21	24	13	21	1	1	41	35	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	21	23	18	19	1	1	39	37	1912

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	22	13	5	6	0	6	75	12	695
2022	First Nations	50	22	13	4	6	0	6	76	10	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	42	10	4	6	0	0	81	10	15
2022	Métis	49	20	13	6	7	0	6	72	14	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	25	12	6	8	0	5	72	15	2350
2020	Indigenous	46	23	12	9	7	1	3	71	16	810
2020	First Nations	45	25	12	9	6	1	3	72	15	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	17	12	6	6	0	6	75	12	16
2020	Métis	48	18	13	9	10	0	3	68	19	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	25	15	10	9	0	2	65	20	2405
2019	Indigenous	52	21	13	5	5	0	3	76	11	799
2019	First Nations	52	22	13	3	5	0	4	77	9	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	17	11	0	5	0	0	83	5	16
2019	Métis	50	19	14	7	5	1	3	72	14	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	27	13	6	6	0	3	74	12	2077
2018	Indigenous	48	25	13	3	5	1	6	78	8	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	28	14	7	6	0	4	71	14	1916

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	27	21	8	8	0	1	62	16	690
2022	First Nations	33	29	21	7	9	0	1	62	16	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	21	13	4	6	0	0	77	10	15
2022	Métis	35	25	24	10	6	0	0	60	16	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	28	20	10	12	0	1	58	22	2350
2020	Indigenous	27	28	20	13	13	0	0	55	26	811
2020	First Nations	26	29	20	12	12	0	0	56	25	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	41	6	5	16	0	0	73	22	17
2020	Métis	28	24	20	14	13	0	0	52	27	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	26	22	13	13	0	0	52	26	2409
2019	Indigenous	33	28	17	11	9	1	1	61	21	801
2019	First Nations	35	28	17	10	9	1	1	63	20	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	28	26	6	5	0	0	63	11	16
2019	Métis	28	29	18	14	10	1	1	58	24	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	31	20	11	10	0	1	59	20	2086
2018	Indigenous	29	28	21	9	10	1	1	58	20	707
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	27	22	12	11	0	1	55	23	1921

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	31	18	7	8	1	2	66	16	690
2022	First Nations	33	29	20	8	7	2	1	64	15	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	19	30	13	10	0	0	48	23	15
2022	Métis	34	32	15	8	8	0	2	68	16	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	9	7	1	1	62	17	2350
2020	Indigenous	36	33	17	8	5	1	1	70	13	816
2020	First Nations	36	33	16	9	5	1	1	70	14	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	33	18	0	0	6	0	80	0	17
2020	Métis	36	32	18	7	5	0	1	69	13	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	36	20	8	4	1	1	67	13	2414
2019	Indigenous	33	32	19	8	5	1	1	67	14	800
2019	First Nations	35	32	18	8	5	1	1	69	13	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	34	14	17	0	0	6	67	18	16
2019	Métis	29	33	22	8	6	1	1	63	14	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	35	22	10	7	0	1	61	17	2067
2018	Indigenous	27	31	21	11	6	2	1	61	17	704
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	35	24	11	7	1	1	57	18	1921

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	30	20	11	10	1	2	58	21	695
2022	First Nations	27	29	19	12	9	1	3	58	22	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	37	9	8	14	0	0	69	22	15
2022	Métis	26	31	21	10	11	0	1	58	21	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	33	22	12	10	1	1	55	22	2355
2020	Indigenous	28	31	22	11	7	0	1	59	18	813
2020	First Nations	28	30	23	11	7	1	1	59	18	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	56	11	5	0	6	6	82	6	17
2020	Métis	27	33	20	12	6	0	1	61	18	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	30	24	13	7	0	1	54	21	2414
2019	Indigenous	29	31	20	12	6	1	1	61	19	800
2019	First Nations	31	31	20	12	6	1	0	62	18	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	51	18	13	0	0	6	68	13	15
2019	Métis	27	31	21	12	8	1	1	59	20	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	33	26	13	10	1	0	50	23	2076
2018	Indigenous	21	31	26	13	7	1	2	54	20	701
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	30	26	15	10	1	1	48	25	1919

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	18	8	10	0	1	63	19	695
2022	First Nations	35	29	18	8	9	0	1	65	17	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	16	47	4	10	0	0	39	14	15
2022	Métis	32	27	19	9	13	0	0	59	22	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	30	20	10	9	0	1	59	20	2355
2020	Indigenous	32	31	16	12	7	0	1	64	20	813
2020	First Nations	32	33	16	10	8	0	1	65	18	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	35	16	19	0	6	0	62	20	17
2020	Métis	34	26	16	15	6	0	1	62	22	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	30	20	12	6	0	1	61	18	2414
2019	Indigenous	33	29	18	12	7	1	1	62	19	801
2019	First Nations	34	30	17	9	8	1	1	66	17	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	11	40	17	11	0	0	32	28	16
2019	Métis	31	26	18	17	7	0	1	58	24	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	32	22	13	10	0	1	54	23	2069
2018	Indigenous	26	30	22	12	8	1	1	58	20	703
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	23	12	10	0	1	54	23	1919

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	23	11	7	9	0	1	73	16	695
2022	First Nations	48	23	11	8	8	0	2	73	16	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	27	10	4	0	0	0	86	4	15
2022	Métis	49	22	13	6	8	1	0	72	15	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	27	13	7	6	0	2	73	14	2350
2020	Indigenous	45	24	14	9	7	1	0	70	15	807
2020	First Nations	45	26	14	7	8	1	0	72	15	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	22	6	21	0	6	0	72	22	17
2020	Métis	46	20	17	11	5	0	1	66	16	251
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	25	13	8	6	1	1	72	15	2411
2019	Indigenous	44	25	13	9	7	0	1	70	16	801
2019	First Nations	47	24	13	7	7	1	0	73	14	526
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	22	16	20	6	0	6	55	28	16
2019	Métis	38	28	14	13	7	0	1	66	20	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	28	16	8	8	1	1	67	17	2071

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	24	12	5	7	0	1	76	12	695
2022	First Nations	50	25	12	5	7	0	1	76	12	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	18	8	21	5	0	0	67	26	15
2022	Métis	55	23	12	3	5	0	1	79	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	26	12	5	5	0	1	77	11	2350
2020	Indigenous	29	28	22	12	8	0	0	58	20	814
2020	First Nations	28	30	21	12	8	0	0	59	20	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	35	28	5	14	6	0	51	20	17
2020	Métis	31	26	24	12	8	0	0	57	20	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	33	22	11	7	0	1	60	17	2410

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	34	19	9	7	0	0	65	16	695
2022	First Nations	30	34	21	8	7	0	0	64	15	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	23	44	8	0	0	0	48	8	15
2022	Métis	31	36	17	10	6	0	1	67	16	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	33	18	10	7	0	2	64	18	2350
2020	Indigenous	28	31	23	10	8	0	1	59	18	810
2020	First Nations	29	30	24	8	8	0	1	58	17	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	46	12	17	0	6	0	69	19	16
2020	Métis	26	33	21	13	6	0	0	60	19	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	31	23	13	7	0	1	56	21	2414
2019	Indigenous	32	33	21	8	5	0	0	66	13	800
2019	First Nations	32	33	21	7	5	1	0	66	13	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	31	29	17	6	0	0	48	22	16
2019	Métis	32	35	19	10	4	0	0	66	14	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	34	19	11	7	1	0	63	18	2064
2018	Indigenous	27	32	21	15	4	0	1	60	19	700
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	32	22	12	8	0	1	57	20	1914

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	18	10	4	8	1	4	77	12	695
2022	First Nations	54	20	10	3	9	0	3	77	12	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	6	5	5	0	5	25	86	7	15
2022	Métis	61	15	10	4	6	1	3	79	10	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	21	11	7	8	0	3	74	15	2350
2020	Indigenous	44	28	16	5	5	0	2	74	9	809
2020	First Nations	43	30	17	4	5	0	1	74	9	527
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	11	22	11	6	0	5	59	17	17
2020	Métis	48	26	14	6	5	0	2	75	11	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	30	14	5	3	0	1	79	7	2410
2019	Indigenous	51	24	13	6	5	1	1	76	11	799
2019	First Nations	53	24	11	6	5	1	1	78	10	524
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	24	17	0	6	0	6	76	6	16
2019	Métis	48	24	15	6	6	0	1	73	12	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	26	14	7	6	0	1	73	13	2057
2018	Indigenous	50	23	14	7	5	0	2	73	12	700
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	26	14	6	5	0	1	74	11	1903

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	32	12	3	5	0	80	8	695
2022	First Nations	45	33	13	4	5	0	78	9	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	47	4	0	0	0	96	0	15
2022	Métis	48	32	12	2	6	0	80	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	33	12	6	4	1	78	10	2350
2020	Indigenous	28	36	21	8	6	0	64	15	813
2020	First Nations	28	36	21	9	6	0	64	15	531
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	44	6	6	5	0	83	11	17
2020	Métis	29	36	19	8	7	0	66	15	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	35	22	9	6	0	63	15	2405

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	13	6	2	4	1	5	87	6	695
2022	First Nations	68	15	6	2	3	0	5	88	6	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	81	6	4	4	0	5	0	92	4	15
2022	Métis	70	10	7	2	4	0	6	86	6	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	13	5	2	3	1	8	89	6	2350
2020	Indigenous	61	21	8	3	2	1	4	86	6	811
2020	First Nations	60	22	9	3	2	1	4	86	5	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	6	0	11	6	6	11	80	20	17
2020	Métis	65	17	6	4	3	0	4	86	7	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	18	7	2	1	0	4	89	4	2411
2019	Indigenous	65	13	8	4	2	2	6	85	7	800
2019	First Nations	66	12	8	4	2	3	6	85	6	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	77	0	6	0	6	0	11	87	6	16
2019	Métis	61	18	7	4	3	1	6	84	8	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	14	5	3	3	1	5	88	6	2063
2018	Indigenous	64	17	9	2	3	1	4	86	5	697
2018	Non-Indigenous	66	16	7	3	3	1	4	86	7	1909

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	13	6	2	5	2	3	87	7	695
2022	First Nations	68	14	6	3	4	2	3	87	7	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	90	0	4	0	6	0	0	90	6	15
2022	Métis	72	10	7	2	5	1	2	86	7	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	10	5	3	4	1	5	87	7	2350
2020	Indigenous	72	13	4	4	4	1	2	88	8	809
2020	First Nations	70	14	5	4	4	1	2	87	8	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	68	14	6	0	6	6	0	88	6	16
2020	Métis	77	10	3	4	3	1	1	89	7	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	11	6	3	3	1	2	88	7	2414
2019	Indigenous	58	19	9	5	6	1	2	79	11	795
2019	First Nations	60	18	8	4	6	1	2	81	11	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	61	27	0	6	6	0	0	88	12	15
2019	Métis	53	21	12	7	6	1	1	75	13	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	16	9	5	6	1	2	79	12	2069
2018	Indigenous	60	17	10	4	6	1	2	80	10	703
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	17	9	5	5	1	3	81	10	1919

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	25	6	2	3	0	2	89	5	695
2022	First Nations	62	25	6	2	3	0	3	89	5	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	22	5	0	6	0	0	90	6	15
2022	Métis	62	26	6	2	2	0	1	89	4	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	7	3	2	0	4	88	5	2355
2020	Indigenous	59	26	8	3	2	0	1	87	5	808
2020	First Nations	58	27	8	3	2	1	1	86	6	528
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	38	12	0	6	0	0	83	6	16
2020	Métis	65	22	7	3	1	0	1	89	4	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	23	8	2	2	0	2	88	4	2406
2019	Indigenous	50	32	9	4	4	0	1	83	8	798
2019	First Nations	53	31	8	3	3	0	2	86	6	525
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	71	18	12	0	0	0	0	88	0	15
2019	Métis	41	33	12	7	5	0	1	75	13	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	29	12	5	4	0	1	79	9	2059
2018	Indigenous	46	32	12	5	3	0	1	79	8	706
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	30	13	5	3	0	1	80	8	1920

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	17	8	2	6	0	1	84	8	695
2022	First Nations	66	17	8	2	5	0	2	85	7	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	85	9	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	15
2022	Métis	64	16	9	3	8	0	0	80	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	18	7	4	5	0	3	84	9	2345
2020	Indigenous	61	18	10	5	5	0	1	80	10	804
2020	First Nations	61	18	9	5	6	1	1	80	11	524
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	6	19	0	6	0	0	75	6	17
2020	Métis	61	18	10	6	4	0	1	80	10	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	18	9	4	4	0	1	82	9	2406
2019	Indigenous	56	21	10	5	7	0	1	78	12	795
2019	First Nations	56	21	9	5	7	0	2	79	12	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	16	6	6	6	0	0	82	12	15
2019	Métis	54	21	13	5	7	0	0	75	12	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	21	11	6	7	0	1	76	13	2058
2018	Indigenous	53	22	11	6	7	0	1	76	13	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	21	13	8	5	1	1	74	13	1911

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	11	4	1	1	0	20	93	3	695
2022	First Nations	62	11	3	1	1	0	20	93	3	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	19	0	0	0	0	34	100	0	15
2022	Métis	64	11	4	2	1	0	18	92	3	235
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	12	5	2	1	0	21	90	4	2345
2020	Indigenous	62	13	4	1	1	1	19	93	2	810
2020	First Nations	60	13	3	1	1	1	21	94	2	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	73	5	11	0	0	0	11	88	0	17
2020	Métis	69	11	4	1	1	0	14	93	2	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	13	5	2	1	0	21	90	4	2413
2019	Indigenous	56	13	4	1	2	0	22	90	5	791
2019	First Nations	59	13	4	1	2	0	21	91	4	520
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	61	6	5	0	0	0	27	92	0	15
2019	Métis	52	14	6	1	2	0	25	87	5	244
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	15	6	2	2	0	24	87	5	2051
2018	Indigenous	51	12	4	3	1	1	27	89	5	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	12	7	2	1	0	28	86	5	1908

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	18	7	2	3	1	5	87	6	690
2022	First Nations	62	19	6	3	3	1	5	87	6	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	28	14	0	0	0	4	86	0	15
2022	Métis	69	15	7	0	3	0	5	89	4	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	18	8	2	1	1	6	88	4	2345
2020	Indigenous	60	22	10	3	2	1	2	84	5	815
2020	First Nations	59	21	9	4	3	1	2	83	7	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	35	0	0	5	0	0	95	5	17
2020	Métis	62	21	12	2	1	0	3	85	3	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	22	8	4	1	0	3	86	5	2422
2019	Indigenous	57	26	9	3	2	0	2	85	5	796
2019	First Nations	58	25	9	3	2	0	3	85	5	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	82	18	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2019	Métis	54	28	10	4	2	0	2	84	6	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	4	2	0	3	83	7	2063
2018	Indigenous	53	27	10	4	1	1	4	84	6	702
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	23	12	5	2	1	5	81	7	1914

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	14	4	4	4	1	3	87	9	695
2022	First Nations	68	14	3	5	4	1	3	87	10	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	30	0	0	0	0	4	100	0	15
2022	Métis	70	12	6	4	4	0	3	85	9	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	14	6	3	5	1	5	86	8	2355
2020	Indigenous	73	14	5	2	4	1	1	88	6	816
2020	First Nations	73	14	5	2	4	1	1	89	6	534
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	35	0	0	0	0	5	100	0	17
2020	Métis	74	11	6	3	4	0	1	86	8	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	18	7	3	3	1	3	86	7	2424
2019	Indigenous	65	18	8	2	3	1	2	86	5	797
2019	First Nations	65	18	8	2	4	1	2	86	6	523
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	85	10	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	65	19	9	2	2	2	1	86	5	247
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	18	9	4	4	1	2	83	8	2065
2018	Indigenous	65	17	6	2	6	1	2	85	9	705
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	16	9	4	6	1	3	80	11	1919

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	27	12	5	4	0	3	79	9	695
2022	First Nations	49	27	11	6	4	0	3	78	10	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	39	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	52	25	14	4	4	0	2	78	8	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	27	12	4	1	1	4	82	6	2355
2020	Indigenous	46	31	14	5	3	0	1	78	8	814
2020	First Nations	46	31	14	4	3	0	1	78	7	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	39	16	0	0	0	0	84	0	17
2020	Métis	47	30	13	8	2	0	0	77	10	253
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	15	6	2	0	1	77	8	2423
2019	Indigenous	51	28	11	5	3	0	2	81	8	795
2019	First Nations	52	27	12	4	3	0	2	80	7	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	76	18	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	15
2019	Métis	49	30	10	7	3	0	1	80	10	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	28	11	4	1	0	2	84	5	2058
2018	Indigenous	49	28	14	4	3	0	2	79	7	701
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	29	14	4	2	0	1	80	6	1918

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	34	38	12	7	0	0	43	19	695
2022	First Nations	8	35	39	10	8	0	0	43	18	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	21	24	13	5	0	0	58	18	15
2022	Métis	9	34	38	14	5	0	0	43	19	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	29	39	14	7	0	0	39	21	2360
2020	Indigenous	15	31	33	14	6	0	0	46	20	812
2020	First Nations	15	32	32	14	7	1	0	47	21	529
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	24	33	11	5	0	0	51	16	17
2020	Métis	15	30	36	14	5	0	0	45	19	255
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	32	36	14	5	0	0	44	20	2421
2019	Indigenous	19	33	31	11	5	0	0	52	17	803
2019	First Nations	20	34	30	11	5	0	0	53	16	527
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	26	28	11	0	0	0	61	11	16
2019	Métis	17	31	32	13	6	0	0	48	20	248
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	32	34	14	6	0	0	46	20	2085
2018	Indigenous	14	31	36	13	5	0	1	45	18	710
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	30	36	15	7	0	0	42	22	1928

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	18	44	19	7	0	26	29	695
2022	First Nations	13	15	46	19	8	0	26	28	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	4	40	13	28	0	42	18	15
2022	Métis	10	23	43	19	4	0	24	33	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	19	43	19	8	0	27	30	2355
2020	Indigenous	16	21	37	18	8	0	26	37	812
2020	First Nations	16	19	38	17	9	0	27	36	530
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	11	22	43	11	13	0	24	33	17
2020	Métis	13	26	36	20	5	0	25	39	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	23	38	19	7	0	26	36	2412
2019	Indigenous	13	17	39	20	11	0	31	30	797
2019	First Nations	11	18	39	20	11	0	32	29	522
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	11	43	24	11	0	35	22	16
2019	Métis	16	17	39	19	8	0	27	34	246
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	20	38	19	8	0	27	35	2064
2018	Indigenous	10	21	40	21	8	1	29	31	699
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	21	38	20	7	0	27	34	1897

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	52	15	3	695
2022	First Nations	30	50	17	2	430
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	63	9	9	15
2022	Métis	29	55	12	3	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	56	16	1	2360
2020	Indigenous	33	44	22	1	815
2020	First Nations	31	45	23	1	533
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	30	37	0	17
2020	Métis	37	43	20	0	254
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	48	19	1	2429

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	205
2022	First Nations	50	50	125
2022	Métis	51	49	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	630
2020	Indigenous	39	61	276
2020	First Nations	36	64	170
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	801

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	17	12	5	6	4	13	71	14	695
2022	First Nations	43	14	11	6	7	5	14	70	16	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	37	8	5	9	5	9	76	15	15
2022	Métis	41	20	13	4	5	3	14	73	11	240
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	17	12	6	6	3	17	70	15	2355
2020	Indigenous	41	18	12	9	8	3	9	67	19	812
2020	First Nations	42	18	11	8	7	4	10	70	18	532
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	5	17	19	0	6	6	61	21	17
2020	Métis	39	19	15	11	10	1	6	61	22	252
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	19	13	8	8	2	9	68	18	2421
2019	Indigenous	37	15	16	11	13	2	7	57	26	793
2019	First Nations	38	15	16	10	11	2	7	59	23	520
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	17	17	20	6	0	11	51	29	16
2019	Métis	34	14	15	12	17	1	7	52	31	244
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	21	16	12	12	1	6	58	25	2067
2018	Indigenous	36	16	13	9	13	2	11	59	25	708
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	19	17	11	11	1	7	57	24	1920

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	21	13	25	27	0	3	32	54	205
2022	First Nations	16	19	12	23	25	1	5	37	51	125
2022	Métis	3	19	13	33	31	0	0	23	64	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	19	15	18	35	1	5	28	56	630
2020	Indigenous	14	24	15	17	27	1	2	39	45	275
2020	First Nations	15	27	13	13	29	1	3	43	44	169
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	20	16	21	26	0	5	34	49	801

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	21	12	20	38	2	1	27	60	205
2022	First Nations	6	20	13	21	35	3	2	28	58	125
2022	Métis	2	21	13	19	44	0	1	24	63	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	19	13	17	44	2	2	23	63	630
2020	Indigenous	9	18	16	19	37	0	1	27	57	276
2020	First Nations	8	21	17	16	37	1	0	29	53	170
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	17	14	21	39	1	2	25	61	803

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Indigenous Services Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources