2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Health Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	32	13	10	4	73	14	100
2022	First Nations	54	21	8	12	6	75	18	40
2022	Métis	31	45	13	8	3	76	11	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	38	12	7	5	76	12	5250
2020	Indigenous	41	39	6	10	4	80	14	98
2020	Métis	37	42	6	10	6	79	15	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	40	10	6	3	81	9	5079
2019	Indigenous	44	33	11	8	4	77	11	136
2019	Métis	41	35	15	6	4	75	10	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	40	11	7	4	78	10	5240
2018	Indigenous	43	37	10	7	4	79	11	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	42	11	7	4	78	11	4161

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	22	13	10	4	1	73	14	100
2022	First Nations	48	16	17	12	8	0	64	20	40
2022	Métis	52	29	11	4	1	2	83	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	35	11	9	6	0	75	15	5255
2020	Indigenous	42	37	8	5	8	0	79	13	98
2020	Métis	41	32	11	4	12	0	73	16	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	37	11	8	4	0	77	12	5049
2019	Indigenous	37	34	8	11	9	1	72	20	136
2019	Métis	35	31	7	15	11	0	66	27	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	9	5	0	74	15	5229
2018	Indigenous	35	37	9	11	6	2	73	17	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	37	12	9	6	0	72	15	4179

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	25	7	8	1	84	8	100
2022	First Nations	59	24	5	10	2	84	12	40
2022	Métis	57	29	8	7	0	86	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	32	10	4	2	84	6	5245
2020	Indigenous	58	29	8	3	2	87	5	98
2020	Métis	57	26	12	2	4	83	5	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	33	9	3	1	87	4	5042
2019	Indigenous	60	27	9	2	3	87	5	135
2019	Métis	56	30	9	0	4	87	4	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	32	9	3	2	86	5	5218
2018	Indigenous	56	29	10	4	1	85	5	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	35	10	3	2	85	5	4156

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	33	8	9	1	0	83	10	100
2022	First Nations	56	24	7	11	2	0	80	13	40
2022	Métis	46	41	6	6	0	0	87	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	38	11	6	3	0	80	8	5255
2020	Indigenous	51	34	6	5	4	0	85	9	98
2020	Métis	45	38	8	4	6	0	83	9	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	37	9	5	2	0	84	7	5078
2019	Indigenous	47	36	5	7	5	1	84	12	137
2019	Métis	42	41	6	6	4	1	84	11	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	38	10	5	2	0	82	8	5246
2018	Indigenous	45	37	11	3	4	0	82	7	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	41	10	5	3	0	81	8	4176

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	32	8	10	5	1	78	15	100
2022	First Nations	46	30	3	12	10	0	76	21	40
2022	Métis	47	35	8	6	1	2	84	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	33	13	8	5	0	73	13	5250
2020	Indigenous	48	23	17	10	3	0	71	12	98
2020	Métis	46	25	17	13	0	0	71	13	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	32	12	5	3	1	80	8	5059
2019	Indigenous	42	32	11	10	4	0	74	15	136
2019	Métis	41	30	13	10	6	0	71	16	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	33	15	6	4	1	75	10	5229
2018	Indigenous	43	32	13	6	6	0	75	12	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	33	16	6	4	1	73	10	4168

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	34	11	7	5	1	76	13	100
2022	First Nations	47	25	9	10	9	0	72	19	40
2022	Métis	39	41	12	2	3	2	83	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	35	12	9	5	0	73	15	5245
2020	Indigenous	48	28	13	9	3	0	76	12	97
2020	Métis	44	30	13	13	0	0	75	13	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	34	11	5	3	0	81	8	5042
2019	Indigenous	44	31	12	9	4	0	75	13	134
2019	Métis	42	31	16	8	4	0	72	12	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	36	14	6	3	0	76	10	5196
2018	Indigenous	44	32	11	9	3	0	76	12	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	36	14	7	4	0	75	11	4143

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	18	23	14	8	2	54	23	100
2022	First Nations	37	18	18	14	11	2	56	26	40
2022	Métis	36	18	27	11	5	2	55	17	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	26	18	11	7	5	62	19	5255
2020	Indigenous	48	18	12	9	9	3	69	19	98
2020	Métis	50	17	12	11	8	2	68	19	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	25	17	8	5	3	69	13	5076
2019	Indigenous	39	20	17	10	10	4	62	20	136
2019	Métis	37	22	19	7	13	1	60	21	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	26	19	10	6	3	64	17	5245
2018	Indigenous	41	23	18	9	8	0	65	17	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	26	19	10	7	4	63	17	4179

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	29	3	4	5	1	3	88	9	100
2022	First Nations	54	34	2	0	4	4	2	94	4	40
2022	Métis	58	27	5	3	4	0	3	88	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	12	4	2	1	4	81	6	5250
2020	Indigenous	63	16	14	4	2	0	1	79	6	98
2020	Métis	62	18	12	2	4	0	2	81	7	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	25	12	4	2	1	3	82	6	5067
2019	Indigenous	48	20	16	4	6	3	3	72	11	137
2019	Métis	46	17	22	3	7	1	4	67	10	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	26	12	4	3	1	3	80	7	5240

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	24	6	5	3	0	1	85	9	100
2022	First Nations	62	19	4	7	6	0	3	83	13	40
2022	Métis	61	27	7	5	0	0	0	88	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	6	3	1	1	83	9	5245
2020	Indigenous	46	32	11	7	4	0	0	78	11	98
2020	Métis	48	33	8	6	6	0	0	80	12	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	29	9	6	3	0	0	83	9	5073
2019	Indigenous	51	19	11	7	8	2	1	72	16	137
2019	Métis	46	20	13	10	9	3	0	67	19	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	29	9	7	4	1	1	80	11	5223
2018	Indigenous	48	28	6	8	6	2	1	79	15	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	31	9	7	4	1	0	80	11	4132

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	20	9	4	3	1	0	84	7	100
2022	First Nations	59	19	13	2	6	2	0	79	8	40
2022	Métis	68	21	4	4	2	0	0	90	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	24	8	5	3	0	0	84	9	5250
2020	Indigenous	60	25	9	3	2	1	0	85	5	97
2020	Métis	65	14	12	5	2	2	0	81	7	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	24	8	4	3	0	0	85	7	5086
2019	Indigenous	64	17	4	4	9	1	0	82	13	136
2019	Métis	58	20	3	7	10	1	0	80	18	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	26	8	6	4	0	0	82	9	5245
2018	Indigenous	56	21	10	8	5	0	1	77	13	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	27	10	6	4	0	0	79	11	4158

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	25	13	4	7	4	1	76	11	100
2022	First Nations	48	23	15	2	7	2	2	74	10	40
2022	Métis	50	29	10	5	5	1	0	80	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	28	15	7	6	8	0	70	14	5255
2020	Indigenous	37	30	12	8	2	10	1	75	11	98
2020	Métis	41	26	12	8	0	12	2	77	9	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	30	12	5	3	8	0	79	9	5083
2019	Indigenous	37	28	16	8	6	5	0	69	15	135
2019	Métis	34	26	22	8	6	4	0	63	15	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	33	14	8	4	7	0	71	13	5237
2018	Indigenous	28	36	16	10	4	5	0	68	15	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	30	15	8	5	9	0	68	15	4185

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	28	16	6	10	3	1	67	16	100
2022	First Nations	40	24	18	4	11	2	2	67	15	40
2022	Métis	36	33	12	7	8	4	0	72	16	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	31	16	11	9	3	0	62	22	5250
2020	Indigenous	40	25	14	11	4	5	0	69	16	97
2020	Métis	40	28	12	9	4	6	0	72	14	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	34	14	7	4	2	0	74	12	5068
2019	Indigenous	34	30	13	16	4	3	0	66	20	135
2019	Métis	35	23	12	21	6	3	0	60	27	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	17	11	6	3	0	66	17	5221
2018	Indigenous	28	36	15	14	6	1	0	64	20	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	17	12	7	3	0	63	20	4173

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	27	15	13	11	5	1	59	25	100
2022	First Nations	31	21	22	9	12	2	2	55	22	40
2022	Métis	27	34	12	14	9	4	0	63	24	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	28	19	16	11	5	0	52	28	5255
2020	Indigenous	24	34	17	10	7	8	0	63	19	98
2020	Métis	25	30	19	12	6	8	0	59	19	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	35	17	11	5	5	0	65	17	5066
2019	Indigenous	23	32	14	18	8	5	0	58	28	135
2019	Métis	16	33	16	20	10	6	0	52	31	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	31	20	14	7	6	0	56	22	5219
2018	Indigenous	19	41	18	14	5	4	0	62	19	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	30	19	15	8	7	1	54	25	4168

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	31	11	14	10	3	64	25	100
2022	First Nations	35	29	10	17	6	2	66	23	40
2022	Métis	30	34	10	11	11	4	67	23	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	32	16	16	12	3	54	29	5255
2020	Indigenous	25	34	19	14	6	3	60	20	98
2020	Métis	24	37	14	18	6	2	62	24	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	38	16	13	6	2	64	19	5083
2019	Indigenous	24	30	16	15	11	3	56	27	134
2019	Métis	23	29	16	17	11	4	54	30	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	33	18	17	9	3	54	27	5232
2018	Indigenous	18	40	12	18	9	3	60	28	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	31	17	18	10	4	52	30	4181

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	33	13	9	5	1	0	72	14	100
2022	First Nations	44	25	14	8	9	0	0	69	17	40
2022	Métis	35	44	13	5	3	2	0	80	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	35	13	9	7	0	0	71	16	5255
2020	Indigenous	37	34	11	9	7	1	1	72	16	97
2020	Métis	33	31	14	11	10	0	0	64	22	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	37	11	9	5	0	0	75	13	5074
2019	Indigenous	32	33	11	11	12	1	0	65	23	137
2019	Métis	30	34	12	10	14	0	0	64	24	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	37	13	11	6	0	0	70	17	5241
2018	Indigenous	27	38	15	11	8	1	0	65	20	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	35	15	11	7	0	0	67	18	4173

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	30	6	4	3	0	87	7	100
2022	First Nations	64	17	9	6	4	0	82	10	40
2022	Métis	55	37	5	1	2	0	92	3	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	41	8	8	3	0	81	11	5255
2020	Indigenous	44	37	8	6	5	0	81	11	98
2020	Métis	48	29	11	8	4	0	77	12	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	41	9	7	3	0	81	10	5051
2019	Indigenous	43	32	12	7	6	0	75	12	136
2019	Métis	42	33	10	9	6	0	75	15	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	42	10	8	3	0	79	11	5217
2018	Indigenous	41	33	9	12	3	1	75	16	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	40	11	9	4	0	76	12	4173

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	23	7	4	6	0	0	83	10	100
2022	First Nations	65	18	4	4	10	0	0	83	14	40
2022	Métis	60	26	10	3	2	0	0	85	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	31	9	6	4	0	0	80	10	5255
2020	Indigenous	46	31	9	8	5	0	0	78	13	98
2020	Métis	47	23	12	10	8	0	0	70	18	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	30	10	6	3	0	0	81	9	5063
2019	Indigenous	47	23	11	6	10	2	1	72	16	137
2019	Métis	38	23	16	7	11	3	1	64	20	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	31	10	7	4	1	0	78	11	5237
2018	Indigenous	46	31	7	8	6	1	1	79	14	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	34	11	7	4	1	1	78	11	4155

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	30	7	17	2	0	1	75	18	100
2022	First Nations	53	24	6	16	2	0	0	77	18	35
2022	Métis	36	37	8	17	1	0	0	74	18	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	41	10	11	4	0	0	75	15	5240
2020	Indigenous	38	33	8	11	7	0	3	73	19	96
2020	Métis	33	36	12	6	6	0	6	74	13	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	40	11	9	3	0	1	76	12	5055
2019	Indigenous	33	35	11	16	3	2	0	69	20	137
2019	Métis	33	32	10	20	4	1	0	66	24	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	40	12	13	4	0	0	71	17	5226
2018	Indigenous	27	42	10	11	10	0	1	70	21	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	44	11	12	4	0	1	72	16	4174

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	19	8	3	5	4	0	83	9	100
2022	First Nations	59	19	8	4	6	4	0	81	10	40
2022	Métis	63	21	6	1	3	5	0	89	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	4	4	2	1	81	9	5250
2020	Indigenous	54	23	12	6	4	0	1	78	10	98
2020	Métis	56	20	14	6	4	0	0	76	9	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	24	10	5	4	2	1	80	9	5058

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	29	10	15	4	3	2	69	20	100
2022	First Nations	38	32	7	18	2	2	2	72	21	40
2022	Métis	39	29	11	9	5	3	2	72	16	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	34	19	13	8	3	0	59	22	5255
2020	Indigenous	37	20	17	16	7	3	0	58	24	97
2020	Métis	37	15	20	17	6	4	0	55	24	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	35	18	11	7	3	0	63	18	5056
2019	Indigenous	28	29	13	19	9	2	0	58	29	135
2019	Métis	24	29	12	22	10	2	0	55	33	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	33	19	14	9	2	0	57	24	5233
2018	Indigenous	26	32	16	13	10	3	0	60	24	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	32	18	14	10	3	0	57	25	4166

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	31	6	6	4	3	5	83	11	100
2022	First Nations	46	35	11	7	0	0	2	82	7	40
2022	Métis	44	32	2	5	6	5	6	85	12	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	24	14	6	5	1	5	73	12	5255
2020	Indigenous	53	22	11	6	3	0	4	79	9	97
2020	Métis	59	22	16	2	2	0	0	81	4	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	24	14	7	5	1	4	73	12	5087
2019	Indigenous	48	32	9	2	5	1	3	84	7	135
2019	Métis	53	33	8	1	4	1	0	87	5	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	25	13	5	3	1	4	78	8	5235

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	16	15	2	4	3	3	77	6	100
2022	First Nations	61	17	14	5	0	0	3	80	5	40
2022	Métis	53	18	14	0	7	5	4	77	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	25	13	6	5	1	4	75	11	5255
2020	Indigenous	56	13	15	9	4	0	2	71	14	98
2020	Métis	55	17	14	10	4	0	0	72	14	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	26	15	6	3	1	3	75	10	5080
2019	Indigenous	45	23	20	4	4	2	2	71	8	136
2019	Métis	44	21	22	3	6	4	1	68	9	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	26	16	6	4	1	3	73	11	5231

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	10	8	2	2	5	4	87	4	100
2022	First Nations	71	16	6	3	0	0	3	90	4	40
2022	Métis	66	7	10	2	3	6	5	83	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	9	4	2	3	5	6	90	5	5255
2020	Indigenous	68	15	7	6	1	1	2	86	7	97
2020	Métis	66	17	6	7	2	2	0	85	9	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	8	4	2	2	4	4	91	5	5068
2019	Indigenous	68	11	9	4	4	1	2	82	8	136
2019	Métis	68	10	9	6	4	3	0	80	10	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	8	4	2	3	4	4	90	5	5219

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	18	2	1	4	5	6	92	5	100
2022	First Nations	58	21	6	2	6	2	5	85	8	40
2022	Métis	68	17	0	0	3	6	6	97	3	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	10	4	2	2	2	11	91	4	5250
2020	Indigenous	77	9	2	3	6	0	3	88	9	97
2020	Métis	76	7	0	6	11	0	0	84	16	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	11	4	2	1	2	8	93	3	5069
2019	Indigenous	77	8	4	2	5	1	4	89	7	135
2019	Métis	80	5	3	4	5	1	1	88	9	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	78	7	3	1	1	2	9	94	3	5226

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	22	9	16	13	6	3	58	32	100
2022	First Nations	37	20	7	17	15	2	2	60	33	40
2022	Métis	28	24	11	15	11	10	2	58	29	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	31	12	15	16	3	3	54	32	5250
2020	Indigenous	37	18	8	16	17	2	2	57	34	97
2020	Métis	33	15	10	13	23	2	4	51	39	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	28	15	15	13	3	2	55	29	5081
2019	Indigenous	25	28	8	13	23	4	0	55	37	136
2019	Métis	20	26	9	11	30	4	0	48	43	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	27	16	16	16	2	1	50	33	5245
2018	Indigenous	19	27	15	15	23	1	1	46	38	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	29	15	15	17	3	2	50	34	4165

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	44	8	8	4	0	0	79	13	100
2022	First Nations	37	36	16	5	6	0	0	73	11	40
2022	Métis	37	48	3	8	3	0	0	85	11	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	38	12	9	6	0	0	73	15	5245
2020	Indigenous	44	35	6	5	8	0	1	80	14	98
2020	Métis	39	35	8	4	12	0	2	75	16	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	40	11	8	4	0	0	77	12	5046
2019	Indigenous	37	34	13	8	7	1	0	71	15	134
2019	Métis	33	39	12	7	7	2	0	73	15	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	40	12	9	5	0	0	74	14	5217
2018	Indigenous	29	42	13	8	5	1	1	73	14	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	40	13	10	5	0	0	72	15	4168

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	29	12	13	4	0	71	17	100
2022	First Nations	43	27	16	8	5	0	70	13	40
2022	Métis	44	31	8	13	4	0	75	17	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	34	14	8	5	0	74	13	5250
2020	Indigenous	41	37	11	5	5	1	78	10	98
2020	Métis	38	35	12	6	8	2	74	14	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	35	13	7	4	0	76	11	5064
2019	Indigenous	38	30	21	7	4	0	68	11	136
2019	Métis	35	33	19	7	6	0	68	13	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	35	15	8	5	0	73	12	5235
2018	Indigenous	37	40	17	3	3	0	77	6	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	34	15	10	5	0	70	15	4146

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	26	12	7	5	0	0	77	12	100
2022	First Nations	49	21	14	13	4	0	0	70	16	40
2022	Métis	53	33	7	3	4	0	0	85	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	36	13	8	4	0	0	75	12	5255
2020	Indigenous	49	30	12	7	2	0	0	78	9	96
2020	Métis	44	27	17	10	2	0	0	71	12	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	41	10	7	2	0	0	80	10	5056
2019	Indigenous	42	30	11	10	5	1	1	73	16	134
2019	Métis	37	38	8	10	8	0	0	75	18	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	40	12	8	3	0	0	76	12	5164
2018	Indigenous	35	36	15	10	4	1	0	71	14	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	36	14	10	5	0	1	71	15	4169

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	33	13	9	6	4	1	70	16	100
2022	First Nations	37	32	13	5	12	2	0	70	17	40
2022	Métis	32	35	11	10	3	6	2	73	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	39	18	9	5	4	1	65	15	5250
2020	Indigenous	29	42	15	7	2	4	0	74	10	97
2020	Métis	30	39	17	4	4	6	0	74	9	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	44	17	7	3	4	1	71	10	5064
2019	Indigenous	21	38	15	13	4	7	1	64	19	134
2019	Métis	19	40	16	14	6	7	0	63	21	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	42	19	9	3	4	1	67	13	5237
2018	Indigenous	22	40	20	10	7	2	0	63	17	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	37	22	9	5	4	0	62	15	4174

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	24	8	8	6	0	78	14	100
2022	First Nations	54	17	14	8	7	0	71	15	40
2022	Métis	56	30	4	7	4	0	85	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	32	8	8	6	0	78	14	5255
2020	Indigenous	53	28	8	4	8	0	80	12	98
2020	Métis	56	23	10	4	7	0	79	11	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	32	9	8	4	0	78	12	5061
2019	Indigenous	49	26	9	7	6	2	77	13	135
2019	Métis	49	23	11	7	7	2	74	15	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	30	9	6	4	0	81	10	5231
2018	Indigenous	46	36	9	3	7	0	81	10	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	32	9	7	4	0	80	11	4169

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	32	9	7	4	0	0	79	12	100
2022	First Nations	45	25	9	13	7	0	0	71	20	40
2022	Métis	47	38	9	5	1	0	0	85	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	32	16	8	6	0	1	71	13	5255
2020	Indigenous	35	35	18	10	2	1	0	70	12	98
2020	Métis	42	39	8	9	2	0	0	81	11	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	18	9	7	0	0	65	16	5050
2019	Indigenous	40	32	15	6	6	0	1	73	12	137
2019	Métis	39	30	19	6	7	0	0	68	13	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	17	7	4	0	0	72	12	5212
2018	Indigenous	36	37	9	12	5	1	0	74	17	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	33	17	8	5	0	1	71	13	4191

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	13	4	4	3	1	0	90	6	100
2022	First Nations	66	23	5	0	4	2	0	90	4	40
2022	Métis	84	8	1	5	2	0	0	92	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	20	4	3	2	1	1	91	4	5255

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	26	32	100
2022	First Nations	44	21	35	40
2022	Métis	37	33	30	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	30	33	5255
2020	Indigenous	30	38	32	98
2020	Métis	27	35	38	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	38	37	5085
2019	Indigenous	32	29	39	136
2019	Métis	33	30	37	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	33	36	5256
2018	Indigenous	31	27	42	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	34	37	4185

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	19	28	20	15	12	40
2022	First Nations	5	12	39	10	30	5	15
2022	Métis	4	20	18	32	6	20	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	35	30	4	11	7	1860
2020	Indigenous	7	37	42	0	0	14	29
2020	Métis	7	27	51	0	0	15	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	41	31	3	8	5	1260
2019	Indigenous	6	43	36	5	8	2	43
2019	Métis	4	42	41	5	4	4	23
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	36	33	3	11	7	1563
2018	Indigenous	10	23	42	6	6	13	40
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	33	33	4	13	5	1203

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	33	5	3	1	1	91	4	100
2022	First Nations	65	23	2	6	2	2	90	8	40
2022	Métis	53	38	8	1	0	0	90	1	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	37	7	4	2	0	87	6	5245
2020	Indigenous	52	35	8	4	1	0	87	5	98
2020	Métis	54	32	6	6	2	0	86	8	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	36	7	3	1	0	89	4	5048
2019	Indigenous	55	26	11	5	2	1	82	7	136
2019	Métis	55	27	10	5	3	0	82	8	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	38	8	4	2	0	86	6	5219
2018	Indigenous	49	39	6	2	2	2	90	4	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	38	7	4	2	0	87	6	4181

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	34	15	9	5	1	71	14	100
2022	First Nations	39	30	17	4	8	2	70	12	40
2022	Métis	34	36	15	13	2	0	70	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	43	17	9	4	2	69	13	5250
2020	Indigenous	30	44	19	3	1	3	76	4	98
2020	Métis	33	37	24	2	2	2	71	5	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	46	15	5	2	1	78	7	5079
2019	Indigenous	28	45	14	6	4	3	75	10	134
2019	Métis	21	49	18	7	4	1	70	12	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	43	17	8	2	2	72	11	5243
2018	Indigenous	35	32	17	10	5	2	68	15	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	43	18	9	3	1	70	12	4168

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	24	24	24	11	1	7	38	36	100
2022	First Nations	17	28	15	23	12	0	5	37	47	40
2022	Métis	5	20	30	25	9	0	10	38	28	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	22	36	19	10	1	2	30	33	5245
2020	Indigenous	6	24	30	25	13	1	1	38	31	97
2020	Métis	4	22	35	26	10	2	2	37	27	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	23	38	21	9	1	1	30	32	5080
2019	Indigenous	12	22	33	19	12	2	0	31	35	137
2019	Métis	12	22	31	20	14	1	0	34	34	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	23	37	21	9	1	1	31	32	5239
2018	Indigenous	10	25	32	18	9	2	4	29	37	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	23	36	20	9	1	2	29	33	4178

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	19	27	20	11	0	8	33	38	100
2022	First Nations	22	8	32	19	13	0	5	34	32	40
2022	Métis	13	27	25	19	7	0	10	28	44	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	23	30	16	10	1	3	26	42	5245
2020	Indigenous	13	33	29	10	12	2	1	23	47	97
2020	Métis	14	34	27	10	9	4	2	20	51	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	22	33	18	10	2	2	29	37	5064
2019	Indigenous	19	26	22	19	9	3	3	30	47	136
2019	Métis	21	27	24	18	8	3	0	27	49	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	25	29	16	9	2	2	26	44	5224
2018	Indigenous	21	26	30	9	9	1	4	19	49	123
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	25	29	16	8	2	3	25	45	4165

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	5	35	28	15	1	7	46	16	100
2022	First Nations	15	7	34	21	17	3	2	41	23	40
2022	Métis	4	3	42	32	11	0	8	47	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	32	25	15	0	2	41	27	5240
2020	Indigenous	8	13	41	22	14	2	0	36	22	97
2020	Métis	6	10	39	32	11	2	0	44	17	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	17	33	25	13	1	1	39	27	5052
2019	Indigenous	9	13	31	28	16	2	2	45	23	135
2019	Métis	8	15	30	31	14	0	1	45	24	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	16	33	25	15	1	2	41	25	5210
2018	Indigenous	9	22	33	13	19	1	3	34	32	125
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	17	32	25	13	1	2	39	28	4148

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	19	12	25	21	1	10	51	35	100
2022	First Nations	11	30	4	14	34	0	7	52	44	40
2022	Métis	11	15	18	33	10	2	10	50	29	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	20	26	19	15	1	3	36	37	5235
2020	Indigenous	10	25	27	24	12	2	2	37	35	96
2020	Métis	7	30	25	23	14	2	0	37	37	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	20	29	23	13	1	2	37	33	5073
2019	Indigenous	16	20	25	22	14	1	2	37	37	136
2019	Métis	15	26	22	21	14	1	1	36	42	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	21	27	21	14	1	2	37	35	5230
2018	Indigenous	16	23	27	19	10	2	3	30	41	125
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	23	28	19	11	2	3	31	39	4168

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	14	27	25	13	6	8	45	24	100
2022	First Nations	9	17	32	21	9	3	8	34	30	40
2022	Métis	3	14	23	28	15	9	7	52	21	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	26	23	16	3	5	43	29	5240
2020	Indigenous	12	14	28	25	14	4	2	41	28	97
2020	Métis	15	15	24	31	11	4	0	44	31	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	15	27	27	18	3	2	48	23	5042
2019	Indigenous	11	16	23	28	17	2	2	47	29	137
2019	Métis	10	20	20	28	20	1	0	49	31	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	17	28	24	16	3	3	42	28	5218
2018	Indigenous	15	19	26	16	17	3	4	35	36	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	18	26	24	14	4	4	41	30	4158

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	17	31	18	13	1	7	34	33	100
2022	First Nations	19	11	28	13	24	3	2	39	31	40
2022	Métis	8	23	36	21	3	0	8	26	34	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	22	32	17	11	2	3	30	37	5240
2020	Indigenous	7	33	29	18	10	2	2	29	41	96
2020	Métis	8	39	24	22	4	2	2	27	49	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	20	33	22	11	2	2	34	32	5054
2019	Indigenous	17	17	29	21	12	2	2	35	35	137
2019	Métis	18	20	27	20	13	1	1	33	39	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	22	32	18	10	2	2	29	37	5219
2018	Indigenous	13	23	32	16	9	3	4	27	39	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	32	16	9	3	3	27	39	4174

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	15	34	25	17	0	4	45	20	100
2022	First Nations	6	12	34	29	14	0	4	45	19	40
2022	Métis	3	19	37	22	17	0	2	40	22	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	14	35	27	14	0	2	43	21	5245
2020	Indigenous	7	18	39	24	10	1	0	34	26	98
2020	Métis	8	17	42	28	4	2	0	32	26	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	14	39	29	12	1	1	42	19	5071
2019	Indigenous	9	18	33	23	13	2	3	37	29	137
2019	Métis	7	20	35	23	13	1	1	37	28	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	19	36	23	12	1	2	35	28	5231

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	32	20	17	8	2	54	26	100
2022	First Nations	29	30	13	14	10	4	62	25	40
2022	Métis	18	37	21	18	6	0	55	24	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	30	20	19	12	3	47	32	5245
2020	Indigenous	22	35	19	16	5	4	59	21	98
2020	Métis	22	37	20	18	2	2	59	20	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	39	20	12	4	3	62	17	5038
2019	Indigenous	15	41	15	17	9	3	58	27	134
2019	Métis	9	39	20	22	7	3	50	29	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	35	23	17	6	4	53	24	5218

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	13	8	4	7	1	0	81	12	100
2022	First Nations	65	15	9	5	5	0	0	81	10	40
2022	Métis	70	13	7	4	3	2	0	85	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	27	7	6	4	1	0	83	11	5250
2020	Indigenous	51	22	10	11	5	0	0	73	17	98
2020	Métis	45	21	12	16	6	0	0	66	22	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	28	8	7	4	1	0	81	11	5064
2019	Indigenous	42	28	8	10	11	1	1	71	22	137
2019	Métis	40	26	11	7	15	1	0	67	22	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	28	8	9	5	1	0	77	15	5230
2018	Indigenous	40	31	9	10	10	0	0	72	20	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	30	8	9	6	1	0	77	15	4165

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	15	4	6	2	1	88	8	100
2022	First Nations	80	13	2	2	4	0	93	5	40
2022	Métis	68	21	3	6	0	2	91	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	26	4	4	2	0	89	6	5250
2020	Indigenous	56	33	4	5	2	0	89	7	98
2020	Métis	52	34	6	6	2	0	86	8	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	28	5	4	2	0	89	6	5047
2019	Indigenous	47	31	7	7	8	0	78	15	136
2019	Métis	43	30	9	8	10	0	73	18	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	31	6	7	3	0	85	9	5224
2018	Indigenous	47	37	8	7	2	0	84	9	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	31	7	6	3	0	84	9	4165

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	28	3	10	1	1	86	11	100
2022	First Nations	59	25	7	7	2	0	85	8	40
2022	Métis	57	33	0	8	0	2	92	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	32	8	4	2	1	86	6	5250
2020	Indigenous	47	34	12	3	2	1	82	5	94
2020	Métis	46	32	16	2	4	0	78	6	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	33	9	4	2	1	85	6	5035
2019	Indigenous	42	30	11	9	6	2	73	16	137
2019	Métis	35	27	16	14	7	2	63	21	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	35	10	4	2	1	83	7	5232
2018	Indigenous	40	39	11	5	2	3	82	7	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	37	10	5	3	1	83	7	4171

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	31	9	9	6	2	1	75	16	100
2022	First Nations	48	26	10	8	6	2	0	75	15	40
2022	Métis	38	38	7	8	5	2	2	80	13	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	12	7	4	2	0	77	11	5250
2020	Indigenous	47	34	11	4	2	2	0	82	6	98
2020	Métis	50	29	14	4	0	4	0	82	4	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	40	11	5	2	2	0	81	7	5054
2019	Indigenous	40	29	14	9	4	5	0	72	13	136
2019	Métis	36	36	18	8	3	0	0	71	11	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	39	13	5	2	2	0	80	8	5219
2018	Indigenous	47	32	12	5	4	0	0	79	9	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	37	10	5	2	1	0	83	7	4173

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	34	12	5	4	1	3	78	10	100
2022	First Nations	40	32	13	8	4	2	2	74	13	40
2022	Métis	45	35	9	1	5	0	4	84	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	38	12	4	3	5	1	79	7	5250
2020	Indigenous	49	32	11	5	0	4	0	84	5	98
2020	Métis	54	24	14	3	0	4	0	82	4	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	35	12	4	2	5	0	82	6	5069
2019	Indigenous	49	33	7	5	3	3	0	85	8	136
2019	Métis	53	32	5	1	6	3	0	88	7	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	33	12	3	2	4	0	82	5	5211
2018	Indigenous	51	29	11	3	3	2	2	83	6	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	35	12	3	2	3	0	83	5	4168

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	23	6	9	2	2	82	11	100
2022	First Nations	57	18	8	11	4	2	77	15	40
2022	Métis	61	26	3	8	0	2	89	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	35	8	6	3	0	84	9	5255
2020	Indigenous	53	34	5	6	2	0	87	8	98
2020	Métis	52	36	6	4	2	0	88	6	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	32	7	3	2	0	88	5	5069
2019	Indigenous	56	28	6	5	5	0	83	10	136
2019	Métis	55	26	8	7	4	0	81	11	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	33	9	4	2	1	86	5	5241
2018	Indigenous	50	41	5	3	1	0	91	4	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	34	9	4	3	0	85	6	4149

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	21	8	8	6	2	4	77	15	100
2022	First Nations	51	22	10	2	11	2	2	76	13	40
2022	Métis	55	18	5	13	3	2	4	78	17	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	26	9	5	4	7	5	78	11	5250

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	23	4	12	4	2	4	79	16	100
2022	First Nations	56	23	5	10	3	2	2	82	13	40
2022	Métis	52	21	2	14	4	2	4	77	20	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	26	10	6	4	8	5	77	11	5255

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	29	12	3	2	13	4	79	6	100
2022	First Nations	39	27	17	6	3	4	4	72	10	40
2022	Métis	38	28	10	2	1	17	4	84	4	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	28	20	5	2	11	1	68	8	5255
2020	Indigenous	43	27	16	5	2	5	1	76	7	98
2020	Métis	48	22	18	6	0	5	2	75	6	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	34	15	5	2	7	1	76	7	5084

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	32	2	11	7	2	6	79	19	100
2022	First Nations	44	26	3	4	13	4	8	79	18	40
2022	Métis	40	35	2	15	3	2	4	79	19	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	32	9	6	5	6	4	78	11	5250
2020	Indigenous	49	31	7	4	5	3	2	84	9	98
2020	Métis	52	28	8	4	4	2	2	84	8	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	31	11	5	3	5	3	79	9	5069

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	26	18	8	7	24	5	54	21	100
2022	First Nations	21	24	15	6	10	18	7	59	21	40
2022	Métis	9	26	21	8	5	30	1	50	20	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	17	22	4	3	39	5	48	12	5250

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	3	20	17	32	26	1	6	67	95

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	20	12	5	6	7	11	72	13	100
2022	First Nations	45	12	7	4	8	6	18	74	16	40
2022	Métis	35	27	16	2	3	10	8	75	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	28	16	7	4	9	7	68	13	5250
2020	Indigenous	30	23	21	4	9	8	5	60	15	98
2020	Métis	30	20	24	4	12	6	4	56	17	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	30	16	7	4	8	6	68	12	5074
2019	Indigenous	31	26	14	11	10	3	4	61	23	136
2019	Métis	26	26	15	14	11	4	4	57	27	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	28	15	9	6	6	4	66	17	5232
2018	Indigenous	24	31	19	11	6	6	4	61	18	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	30	17	9	6	7	5	64	17	4172

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	34	14	8	5	2	1	72	13	100
2022	First Nations	43	31	4	10	10	3	0	76	20	40
2022	Métis	33	33	20	7	3	2	2	69	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	38	14	10	5	4	1	70	16	5250
2020	Indigenous	43	24	20	6	3	5	0	70	9	96
2020	Métis	37	23	32	2	2	4	0	63	4	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	39	14	8	3	3	2	74	12	5070
2019	Indigenous	36	36	10	7	6	5	0	75	14	135
2019	Métis	31	34	12	9	7	8	0	70	18	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	37	15	10	4	3	1	71	14	5231
2018	Indigenous	35	33	16	8	5	1	2	70	14	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	38	13	9	4	3	2	73	14	4173

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	37	14	7	5	1	74	12	100
2022	First Nations	40	31	11	11	6	0	71	17	40
2022	Métis	36	41	12	4	4	2	79	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	38	18	6	4	2	72	10	5250
2020	Indigenous	38	38	17	4	2	1	77	6	98
2020	Métis	40	30	22	2	4	2	71	6	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	38	17	4	2	2	76	7	5050
2019	Indigenous	34	38	15	9	4	1	73	13	136
2019	Métis	31	39	17	7	4	1	71	11	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	19	7	3	2	70	10	5228
2018	Indigenous	35	35	19	7	4	1	70	10	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	39	18	6	4	2	72	10	4160

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	20	18	10	11	9	7	54	25	100
2022	First Nations	28	20	18	6	14	9	7	56	24	40
2022	Métis	24	23	18	16	5	8	7	55	24	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	23	18	12	11	13	3	51	27	5250
2020	Indigenous	28	15	20	13	16	7	1	47	32	98
2020	Métis	29	16	24	12	15	4	0	46	29	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	24	20	12	9	12	3	53	24	5071
2019	Indigenous	19	20	18	17	14	10	2	44	35	135
2019	Métis	13	18	18	22	12	13	3	37	41	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	22	21	14	12	11	3	46	30	5229
2018	Indigenous	22	22	23	17	13	1	2	45	31	129
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	23	19	14	13	11	3	47	31	4166

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	45	4	10	2	84	12	100
2022	First Nations	40	42	4	8	6	82	14	40
2022	Métis	39	47	1	11	1	86	13	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	44	3	10	3	83	13	5255
2020	Indigenous	36	42	4	14	5	78	19	98
2020	Métis	33	43	4	14	6	77	19	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	46	4	10	2	85	12	5085

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	24	7	13	4	1	0	76	17	100
2022	First Nations	52	21	5	12	6	4	0	75	19	40
2022	Métis	49	28	9	11	3	0	0	77	14	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	34	7	11	5	0	1	77	16	5250
2020	Indigenous	41	38	8	8	3	0	1	80	11	97
2020	Métis	37	38	7	12	4	0	2	77	16	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	40	9	12	3	0	1	76	15	5078
2019	Indigenous	50	29	7	9	4	0	0	80	13	137
2019	Métis	45	35	7	11	2	0	0	80	12	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	34	6	10	5	0	0	79	15	5238

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	28	12	5	4	79	9	100
2022	First Nations	58	26	7	5	4	84	9	40
2022	Métis	48	27	17	4	4	75	9	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	35	8	7	4	81	11	5245
2020	Indigenous	49	37	6	5	3	86	8	97
2020	Métis	47	39	6	6	2	86	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	35	9	7	2	82	9	5035
2019	Indigenous	51	34	5	7	2	85	9	137
2019	Métis	51	32	8	6	3	84	9	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	34	8	6	2	84	8	5212

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	82	17	0	1	0	0	0	99	1	100
2022	First Nations	88	10	0	2	0	0	0	98	2	40
2022	Métis	77	23	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	17	4	2	1	1	1	93	3	5255
2020	Indigenous	79	15	2	2	2	0	0	94	4	98
2020	Métis	72	22	4	0	2	0	0	94	2	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	16	3	2	1	1	1	94	4	5062

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	86	7	2	2	2	0	2	94	4	100
2022	First Nations	85	9	0	4	2	0	0	94	6	40
2022	Métis	86	7	1	3	0	0	3	96	3	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	8	2	1	2	0	2	95	3	5255
2019	Indigenous	80	11	4	1	2	1	1	93	3	135
2019	Métis	77	13	4	0	3	1	2	93	3	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	10	4	2	1	0	2	93	3	5210

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	34	7	2	0	5	1	91	2	100
2022	First Nations	54	33	8	2	0	3	0	90	2	40
2022	Métis	50	33	7	2	0	8	1	91	2	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	28	14	4	1	5	1	79	6	5255
2020	Indigenous	50	25	15	4	1	5	0	80	5	97
2020	Métis	61	21	12	4	0	2	0	84	4	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	27	13	4	2	4	1	80	6	5079
2019	Indigenous	47	30	10	3	3	5	3	83	6	136
2019	Métis	43	36	8	3	3	5	2	85	6	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	26	13	4	2	6	1	79	7	5248

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	100
2022	First Nations	20	80	40
2022	Métis	10	90	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	5250
2020	Indigenous	12	88	98
2020	Métis	12	88	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	5080
2019	Indigenous	21	79	137
2019	Métis	29	71	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	5243
2018	Indigenous	22	78	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	4187

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	485
2020	Indigenous	49	51	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	427
2019	Indigenous	45	55	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	591
2018	Indigenous	46	54	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	506

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	485
2020	Indigenous	59	41	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	34	427
2019	Indigenous	75	25	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	39	591
2018	Indigenous	68	32	24
2018	Non-Indigenous	68	32	506

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	485
2019	Indigenous	19	81	29
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	591

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	485
2020	Indigenous	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	427

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	485

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	485

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	485
2020	Indigenous	0	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	427

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	485
2020	Indigenous	44	56	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	427
2019	Indigenous	44	56	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	582
2018	Indigenous	36	64	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	507

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	32	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	485
2020	Indigenous	51	49	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	58	427
2019	Indigenous	48	52	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	582
2018	Indigenous	51	49	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	57	507

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	485
2020	Indigenous	52	48	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	53	427
2019	Indigenous	48	52	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	582
2018	Indigenous	55	45	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	507

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	485
2019	Indigenous	47	53	28
2019	Métis	46	54	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	582
2018	Indigenous	56	44	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	54	507

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	485
2020	Indigenous	59	41	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	427
2019	Indigenous	30	70	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	582
2018	Indigenous	33	67	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	66	507

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	485
2019	Indigenous	61	39	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	582
2018	Indigenous	57	43	27
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	507

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	485
2019	Indigenous	42	58	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	582
2018	Indigenous	59	41	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	507

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	485
2020	Indigenous	0	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	1	99	427
2018	Indigenous	0	100	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	1	99	507

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	485
2020	Indigenous	0	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	427

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	485

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	46	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	485
2020	Indigenous	51	49	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	427
2019	Indigenous	47	53	28
2019	Métis	46	54	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	582
2018	Indigenous	59	41	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	507

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	485
2019	Indigenous	29	71	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	76	582

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	485

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	485
2020	Indigenous	57	43	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	427
2019	Indigenous	46	54	28
2019	Métis	44	56	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	46	578
2018	Indigenous	58	42	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	506

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	485
2019	Indigenous	24	76	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	77	578
2018	Indigenous	26	74	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	506

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	485
2020	Indigenous	0	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	427
2019	Indigenous	0	100	28
2019	Métis	0	100	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	578

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	485
2019	Indigenous	24	76	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	578
2018	Indigenous	29	71	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	506

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	485
2020	Indigenous	0	100	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	427
2018	Indigenous	22	78	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	506

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	485

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	485

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	485

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	485
2019	Indigenous	33	67	28
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	578
2018	Indigenous	21	79	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	67	506

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	460

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	460

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	460

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	460

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	460

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	460

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	460
2018	Indigenous	25	75	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	486

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	460

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	460
2018	Indigenous	31	69	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	486

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	460
2018	Indigenous	42	58	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	486

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	460

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	460
2018	Indigenous	69	31	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	486

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	460
2018	Indigenous	0	100	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	1	99	486

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	43	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	460
2018	Indigenous	65	35	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	47	486

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	460

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	460

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	13	9	5	8	34	11	61	23	100
2022	First Nations	23	14	7	6	9	36	6	62	26	40
2022	Métis	22	15	11	3	5	31	13	66	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	13	13	4	4	40	13	53	19	5250
2020	Indigenous	28	8	25	5	9	20	5	48	19	98
2020	Métis	27	8	27	4	10	21	2	47	18	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	14	17	5	3	34	10	56	14	5074
2019	Indigenous	17	12	22	12	7	20	10	41	27	136
2019	Métis	13	10	24	15	6	24	9	35	30	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	15	18	7	6	29	9	50	21	5244
2018	Indigenous	23	18	18	10	7	18	6	54	22	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	15	19	6	5	31	9	50	18	4178

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	29	7	6	5	12	2	80	12	100
2022	First Nations	58	20	2	7	8	6	0	83	15	40
2022	Métis	31	39	5	2	3	16	4	87	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	34	13	5	3	13	2	75	9	5245
2020	Indigenous	43	18	17	10	3	9	0	67	14	98
2020	Métis	48	14	18	8	4	8	0	68	13	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	31	17	4	3	12	1	73	8	5070
2019	Indigenous	33	30	14	11	3	8	1	69	15	137
2019	Métis	29	32	14	12	1	8	3	69	15	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	30	17	6	3	10	1	71	10	5246
2018	Indigenous	39	28	15	8	4	5	0	71	13	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	33	17	5	4	10	1	71	10	4175

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	100
2022	First Nations	16	84	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	5255
2020	Indigenous	6	94	97
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	5078
2019	Indigenous	6	94	137
2019	Métis	8	92	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	5243
2018	Indigenous	13	87	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	4170

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	355
2018	Indigenous	30	70	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	283

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	93	7	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	79	21	355

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	283

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	355

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	355

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	355

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	355

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	355

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	355

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	355
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	283

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	355
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	283

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	355

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	355

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	355

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	355

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	355
2018	Indigenous	30	70	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	283

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	355

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	355
2018	Indigenous	37	63	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	283

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	355

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	355
2018	Indigenous	39	61	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	283

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	355
2018	Indigenous	42	58	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	284

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	355

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	355

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	355
2018	Indigenous	47	53	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	284

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	355

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	355

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	355

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	355
2018	Indigenous	0	100	15
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	284

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	355
2018	Indigenous	49	51	16
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	284

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	340
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	267

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	340
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	267

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	340

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	340
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	267

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	340

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	340

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	340

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	340

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	340

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	340

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	340
2018	Indigenous	0	100	11
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	267

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	340
2018	Indigenous	50	50	12
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	267

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	340

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	34	340

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	340

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	340
2018	Indigenous	0	100	10
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	267

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	11	14	3	6	33	9	61	15	100
2022	First Nations	27	3	13	7	8	36	5	53	25	40
2022	Métis	25	15	13	1	5	32	10	67	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	14	16	3	3	41	9	57	12	5250
2020	Indigenous	31	7	28	6	5	22	1	49	14	98
2020	Métis	32	4	33	3	6	20	2	46	12	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	15	17	3	2	38	8	60	10	5060
2019	Indigenous	21	15	26	4	4	22	9	51	13	137
2019	Métis	18	13	20	6	4	32	6	50	17	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	13	20	3	3	33	10	54	11	5235
2018	Indigenous	26	16	19	7	3	22	7	59	14	126
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	15	20	3	3	35	8	54	10	4173

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	30	8	5	5	10	2	80	11	100
2022	First Nations	58	14	5	6	8	8	0	79	16	40
2022	Métis	33	40	7	4	3	11	2	84	8	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	35	14	4	2	13	2	76	7	5250
2020	Indigenous	46	17	19	8	2	9	0	68	11	98
2020	Métis	53	14	19	6	2	6	0	71	8	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	31	16	3	2	12	1	76	6	5080
2019	Indigenous	38	27	16	4	4	11	1	73	9	136
2019	Métis	35	27	17	4	4	12	1	71	9	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	28	17	3	2	12	2	74	7	5231
2018	Indigenous	41	22	16	8	2	9	1	71	11	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	31	18	3	3	13	1	73	7	4176

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	100
2022	First Nations	26	74	40
2022	Métis	23	77	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	5255
2020	Indigenous	29	71	98
2020	Métis	31	69	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	5077
2019	Indigenous	27	73	136
2019	Métis	33	67	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	5246

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	32	30
2022	First Nations	75	25	10
2022	Métis	63	37	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	945
2020	Indigenous	58	42	27
2020	Métis	73	27	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	673

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	23	30
2022	First Nations	67	33	10
2022	Métis	86	14	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	945
2020	Indigenous	93	7	27
2020	Métis	94	6	15
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	19	675
2019	Indigenous	87	13	37
2019	Métis	87	13	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	83	17	987

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	38	11	0	6	7	0	82	6	25
2022	Métis	33	31	14	0	10	12	0	73	11	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	35	7	7	3	2	1	82	11	715
2020	Indigenous	72	12	0	11	5	0	0	84	16	25
2020	Métis	63	21	0	7	8	0	0	84	16	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	31	8	8	2	0	0	81	10	547
2019	Indigenous	54	36	3	3	5	0	0	89	8	31
2019	Métis	56	37	0	0	7	0	0	93	7	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	33	4	7	3	1	0	85	11	804

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	29	9	4	4	1	2	83	8	100
2022	First Nations	54	27	7	0	8	3	2	85	8	40
2022	Métis	52	32	9	5	1	0	2	85	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	31	7	5	2	2	3	85	8	5245
2020	Indigenous	64	20	5	4	3	3	1	88	7	98
2020	Métis	62	22	4	2	6	2	2	88	8	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	31	7	5	2	2	3	85	7	5085

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	68	4	0	9	70
2022	First Nations	18	60	4	0	18	25
2022	Métis	19	72	4	0	5	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	66	7	3	4	3735

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	22	75
2022	First Nations	75	25	30
2022	Métis	79	21	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	18	3975

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	75
2022	First Nations	24	76	30
2022	Métis	30	70	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	3970

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	75
2022	First Nations	50	50	30
2022	Métis	34	66	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	3970

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	75
2022	First Nations	28	72	30
2022	Métis	20	80	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	3970

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	75
2022	First Nations	10	90	30
2022	Métis	7	93	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	3970

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	75
2022	First Nations	31	69	30
2022	Métis	20	80	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	3970

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	75
2022	First Nations	14	86	30
2022	Métis	9	91	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	3970

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	75
2022	First Nations	6	94	30
2022	Métis	6	94	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	3970

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	75
2022	First Nations	6	94	30
2022	Métis	12	88	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	3970

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	75
2022	First Nations	18	82	30
2022	Métis	7	93	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	3970

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	75
2022	First Nations	6	94	30
2022	Métis	13	87	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	3970

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	75
2022	First Nations	5	95	30
2022	Métis	0	100	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	3970

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	75
2022	First Nations	34	66	30
2022	Métis	44	56	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	3970

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	14	1	1	0	1	2	98	1	75
2022	First Nations	85	5	3	4	0	0	3	93	4	30
2022	Métis	81	15	0	0	0	2	2	100	0	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	12	3	2	3	0	4	92	4	3980

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	8	10	14	52	3	2	70	20	75
2022	First Nations	13	8	10	16	45	6	3	67	22	30
2022	Métis	10	9	8	10	59	3	2	72	19	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	14	14	14	41	4	5	61	24	3975

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	13	13	15	52	3	0	68	18	75
2022	First Nations	6	14	22	11	44	3	0	57	21	30
2022	Métis	4	15	7	13	59	3	0	74	19	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	18	16	14	39	4	2	57	26	3975

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	21	8	8	3	1	0	81	11	100
2022	First Nations	66	13	8	8	6	0	0	78	14	40
2022	Métis	58	25	9	6	0	2	0	85	6	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	28	6	5	3	1	1	85	9	5255
2020	Indigenous	59	22	9	3	7	0	0	81	10	97
2020	Métis	55	28	8	2	6	0	0	83	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	30	8	6	3	1	0	83	9	5064

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	9	13	6	37	8	22	62	19	100
2022	First Nations	12	4	16	8	33	0	27	56	22	40
2022	Métis	0	13	11	4	41	14	17	66	19	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	6	12	8	39	6	26	69	12	5240

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	38	7	7	5	3	80	13	100
2022	First Nations	51	28	14	3	4	0	79	7	40
2022	Métis	34	45	3	8	5	5	83	14	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	41	13	7	4	2	76	11	5255
2020	Indigenous	52	31	6	5	4	1	85	9	97
2020	Métis	55	30	4	6	2	2	88	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	38	9	3	1	1	87	4	5072
2019	Indigenous	45	33	10	5	4	2	80	10	136
2019	Métis	40	41	10	4	3	2	82	7	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	40	12	6	2	2	80	8	5229
2018	Indigenous	46	31	9	8	4	1	78	13	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	40	12	5	3	2	80	8	4177

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	22	34	35	3	100
2022	First Nations	3	22	43	28	4	40
2022	Métis	9	21	29	39	1	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	26	36	21	7	5255

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	19	12	1	3	2	0	84	4	100
2022	First Nations	66	19	7	0	6	2	0	87	6	40
2022	Métis	63	19	15	1	0	2	0	83	2	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	26	9	3	2	2	1	85	6	5255
2020	Indigenous	53	16	17	1	6	4	2	74	8	96
2020	Métis	53	18	18	0	8	2	0	73	9	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	28	11	4	2	3	1	82	6	5051

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	16	8	14	5	1	0	73	19	100
2022	First Nations	64	11	7	10	8	0	0	75	18	40
2022	Métis	54	22	9	11	1	2	0	78	13	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	27	9	9	7	1	1	74	16	5255
2020	Indigenous	48	18	12	10	8	3	0	68	19	97
2020	Métis	45	24	13	4	12	2	0	71	16	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	30	10	10	6	1	1	72	17	5074

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	34	14	9	6	2	70	15	100
2022	First Nations	43	30	6	12	10	0	73	21	40
2022	Métis	32	37	17	8	1	4	72	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	38	14	10	6	2	69	17	5250
2020	Indigenous	35	29	17	8	7	2	66	16	97
2020	Métis	33	28	20	8	8	2	62	17	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	35	15	8	4	2	72	13	5076
2019	Indigenous	32	27	17	13	9	2	60	23	136
2019	Métis	26	30	18	14	11	0	56	26	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	37	16	11	6	1	66	18	5241
2018	Indigenous	32	26	14	13	13	1	59	27	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	37	15	12	7	2	66	19	4184

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	48	0	4	0	0	0	96	4	25
2022	First Nations	48	52	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	53	39	0	8	0	0	0	92	8	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	50	14	12	5	1	1	69	17	1355
2020	Indigenous	29	51	9	11	0	0	0	80	11	28
2020	First Nations	30	43	11	15	0	0	0	74	15	14
2020	Métis	22	62	8	8	0	0	0	84	8	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	48	12	12	3	1	0	73	15	1218
2019	Indigenous	38	42	16	0	4	0	0	80	4	29
2019	First Nations	53	29	18	0	0	0	0	82	0	11
2019	Métis	32	44	17	0	6	0	0	76	6	16
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	48	12	9	3	1	1	75	13	1239

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	22	21	6	19	0	1	54	25	95
2022	First Nations	28	27	32	4	7	0	2	56	11	35
2022	Métis	33	17	14	7	28	0	0	51	35	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	30	16	8	9	0	3	66	18	5230
2020	Indigenous	36	24	16	10	11	0	2	62	22	98
2020	Métis	28	23	17	15	14	0	2	53	30	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	32	18	9	6	0	1	67	15	5059
2019	Indigenous	23	25	23	12	15	0	1	49	28	135
2019	Métis	17	15	32	14	22	0	0	33	36	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	28	21	13	14	0	1	51	27	5246
2018	Indigenous	16	25	21	12	22	2	2	43	36	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	24	23	14	18	0	2	43	33	4178

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	37	29	9	14	1	2	47	23	100
2022	First Nations	12	33	20	10	20	2	2	47	32	40
2022	Métis	6	37	37	11	7	0	2	44	18	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	28	25	15	15	0	1	44	30	5230
2020	Indigenous	16	29	24	21	9	1	0	45	30	98
2020	Métis	16	37	18	22	8	0	0	53	29	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	25	27	18	14	0	0	41	32	5078
2019	Indigenous	23	28	22	15	11	1	0	52	26	137
2019	Métis	22	24	24	14	15	0	0	46	29	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	30	25	15	10	0	1	49	25	5248
2018	Indigenous	15	22	33	15	13	1	1	38	29	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	27	29	17	11	0	1	43	28	4175

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	38	17	4	10	0	2	67	15	100
2022	First Nations	32	25	17	10	14	0	2	59	24	40
2022	Métis	24	46	22	1	4	0	2	72	5	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	29	21	13	11	0	2	54	25	5230
2020	Indigenous	28	28	21	15	6	1	0	57	21	98
2020	Métis	27	37	18	14	4	0	0	64	18	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	29	23	14	10	0	1	53	24	5074
2019	Indigenous	29	32	21	8	10	1	0	62	18	136
2019	Métis	22	34	26	4	14	0	0	56	18	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	31	22	12	7	0	2	58	19	5224
2018	Indigenous	24	25	20	17	11	1	3	50	29	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	30	24	13	9	1	2	52	23	4167

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	23	18	13	17	0	2	51	31	100
2022	First Nations	23	21	10	24	20	0	2	45	45	40
2022	Métis	30	23	25	7	13	0	2	54	21	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	24	22	15	17	1	2	46	32	5235
2020	Indigenous	17	26	23	19	13	1	0	44	33	98
2020	Métis	19	31	24	20	6	0	0	50	26	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	25	22	16	13	1	2	48	29	5061
2019	Indigenous	25	21	22	15	16	1	1	46	32	136
2019	Métis	21	22	25	14	18	0	0	43	31	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	26	23	14	11	1	1	51	26	5224
2018	Indigenous	18	19	22	21	17	1	3	38	39	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	25	25	16	13	1	2	45	29	4171

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	11	14	5	6	1	3	74	12	100
2022	First Nations	52	20	6	11	11	0	0	72	22	40
2022	Métis	64	7	20	1	0	2	5	77	1	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	24	13	7	7	0	6	71	15	5230
2020	Indigenous	44	27	15	9	1	0	4	74	10	98
2020	Métis	46	31	6	11	0	0	6	82	12	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	25	17	10	9	0	3	64	19	5056
2019	Indigenous	59	15	11	6	4	2	4	78	10	137
2019	Métis	53	17	13	9	4	0	4	73	14	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	25	12	5	4	0	5	77	10	5221
2018	Indigenous	48	18	12	6	5	0	10	74	12	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	26	14	6	5	1	7	73	12	4163

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	23	23	9	9	0	2	58	19	100
2022	First Nations	29	20	29	12	8	0	2	50	20	40
2022	Métis	40	24	19	6	9	0	1	65	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	28	19	12	12	0	1	57	24	5240
2020	Indigenous	36	21	16	20	6	0	0	57	26	98
2020	Métis	43	18	12	20	8	0	0	61	27	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	26	23	14	13	0	1	49	28	5072
2019	Indigenous	33	29	24	5	8	0	1	63	13	136
2019	Métis	26	29	29	7	9	0	0	55	16	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	31	18	10	8	0	1	64	18	5227
2018	Indigenous	30	24	25	10	10	0	1	55	20	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	28	20	12	9	1	1	59	21	4170

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	23	15	5	10	0	5	68	16	100
2022	First Nations	42	15	20	4	10	0	10	63	15	40
2022	Métis	43	31	9	5	10	0	2	76	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	31	19	9	8	1	2	63	17	5240
2020	Indigenous	38	29	22	6	3	0	1	68	10	97
2020	Métis	42	21	20	10	4	0	2	65	15	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	19	7	4	1	2	69	11	5052
2019	Indigenous	32	28	21	13	5	0	1	60	18	137
2019	Métis	31	22	24	15	8	0	0	53	23	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	36	20	8	5	1	1	66	13	5222
2018	Indigenous	33	32	20	13	2	0	1	65	15	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	35	23	9	5	1	2	61	15	4169

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	35	15	6	9	1	2	69	16	100
2022	First Nations	37	28	17	8	7	0	2	67	15	40
2022	Métis	29	39	15	3	9	2	2	71	13	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	32	22	12	9	1	2	56	22	5240
2020	Indigenous	35	25	26	8	4	1	1	61	12	98
2020	Métis	32	33	24	10	0	0	2	66	10	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	34	23	11	6	0	1	60	17	5056
2019	Indigenous	33	26	24	13	4	0	1	59	17	136
2019	Métis	29	23	23	20	6	0	0	52	25	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	34	22	11	6	1	1	60	18	5216
2018	Indigenous	23	33	23	16	4	0	1	57	21	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	33	26	12	6	1	1	55	19	4171

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	26	13	5	10	1	1	72	15	100
2022	First Nations	53	18	14	4	9	0	2	73	13	40
2022	Métis	41	30	12	6	9	2	0	73	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	30	18	10	8	1	1	64	18	5240
2020	Indigenous	39	20	23	12	5	0	1	60	17	97
2020	Métis	37	22	25	10	4	0	2	60	14	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	32	18	9	5	0	1	67	14	5056
2019	Indigenous	33	30	20	10	6	0	1	63	17	136
2019	Métis	25	32	24	12	7	0	1	57	19	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	32	19	10	6	0	1	64	16	5209
2018	Indigenous	33	24	19	15	5	1	3	59	21	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	34	21	11	6	1	1	61	18	4161

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	26	8	5	9	1	0	78	14	100
2022	First Nations	51	30	5	5	10	0	0	80	15	40
2022	Métis	56	24	9	3	5	2	0	82	9	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	27	13	7	7	1	1	73	14	5230
2020	Indigenous	49	19	20	5	6	1	0	69	12	96
2020	Métis	46	16	25	4	8	0	0	63	12	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	26	14	7	5	0	1	74	12	5048
2019	Indigenous	44	19	17	11	7	1	1	64	18	137
2019	Métis	38	21	22	9	8	0	1	60	18	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	28	14	7	7	0	1	72	14	5211

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	26	5	6	2	0	87	8	100
2022	First Nations	50	39	3	8	0	0	89	8	40
2022	Métis	70	16	7	5	2	0	86	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	11	6	4	2	79	10	5230
2020	Indigenous	35	23	25	9	8	0	59	17	98
2020	Métis	37	20	28	5	10	0	56	15	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	24	11	6	1	59	17	5062

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	32	20	5	5	0	2	69	10	100
2022	First Nations	42	23	17	7	7	0	2	67	15	40
2022	Métis	30	39	25	1	2	0	2	71	3	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	32	18	9	6	0	1	66	15	5235
2020	Indigenous	27	29	23	16	5	0	0	56	21	98
2020	Métis	31	29	21	14	6	0	0	60	20	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	33	23	12	7	0	1	58	19	5060
2019	Indigenous	30	37	13	12	7	0	0	67	19	135
2019	Métis	28	38	13	13	7	0	0	67	20	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	32	19	8	4	0	1	68	12	5213
2018	Indigenous	28	30	20	10	8	1	3	60	19	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	33	22	10	5	1	1	62	16	4147

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	14	9	9	8	0	5	72	18	100
2022	First Nations	61	5	14	5	7	0	7	71	14	40
2022	Métis	49	21	6	12	8	0	4	72	21	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	23	13	6	8	1	3	71	15	5225
2020	Indigenous	52	29	15	2	2	0	0	81	4	97
2020	Métis	49	33	12	4	2	0	0	82	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	16	5	3	0	1	76	8	5044
2019	Indigenous	55	20	11	6	7	0	1	76	13	136
2019	Métis	52	19	19	6	4	0	0	71	10	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	24	12	5	4	0	2	78	9	5206
2018	Indigenous	54	18	12	5	6	1	3	76	12	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	24	13	6	5	1	2	76	11	4157

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	35	16	4	1	1	79	5	100
2022	First Nations	51	31	7	5	3	2	84	8	40
2022	Métis	38	37	21	3	0	0	75	3	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	15	5	4	1	76	9	5230
2020	Indigenous	31	35	23	7	4	0	66	12	96
2020	Métis	31	29	26	8	6	0	60	15	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	37	19	7	4	1	70	11	5048

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	15	5	2	6	1	12	85	9	100
2022	First Nations	57	12	3	3	6	2	17	85	11	40
2022	Métis	59	17	7	2	7	1	8	83	9	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	13	5	2	3	1	8	89	5	5235
2020	Indigenous	76	13	6	0	4	0	1	89	4	97
2020	Métis	72	14	8	0	6	0	0	85	6	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	17	6	2	2	1	5	90	4	5045
2019	Indigenous	72	13	4	4	3	0	5	89	7	136
2019	Métis	69	13	7	1	7	0	3	85	8	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	12	4	2	2	1	7	91	4	5206
2018	Indigenous	66	17	3	5	3	4	2	88	8	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	15	6	3	2	1	6	88	6	4172

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	12	2	5	4	0	8	88	10	100
2022	First Nations	75	10	2	6	2	0	6	90	8	40
2022	Métis	71	9	2	3	6	0	9	89	10	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	10	4	3	3	2	5	90	6	5240
2020	Indigenous	73	10	5	6	0	2	4	88	6	97
2020	Métis	71	12	5	8	0	2	2	87	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	79	9	4	2	2	1	4	92	4	5037
2019	Indigenous	66	14	7	4	7	1	1	82	12	136
2019	Métis	60	13	9	2	12	1	3	76	15	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	73	11	6	3	3	1	3	87	7	5210
2018	Indigenous	60	18	9	4	5	2	2	81	9	126
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	12	6	4	4	1	4	86	8	4159

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	15	4	1	3	0	5	91	4	100
2022	First Nations	74	14	2	0	4	0	6	94	4	40
2022	Métis	74	15	4	0	2	0	4	93	2	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	19	6	2	2	0	3	90	4	5230
2020	Indigenous	62	25	9	1	2	0	1	88	3	96
2020	Métis	70	16	8	2	4	0	0	85	6	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	18	6	2	1	0	3	91	3	5043
2019	Indigenous	55	25	11	2	5	0	1	82	8	134
2019	Métis	55	18	14	4	9	0	0	73	12	66
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	26	9	3	2	0	2	85	6	5198
2018	Indigenous	54	27	11	2	6	0	1	82	7	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	26	10	4	2	1	1	84	6	4167

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	13	9	3	8	0	4	80	11	100
2022	First Nations	66	15	5	0	9	0	4	85	10	40
2022	Métis	67	13	11	2	5	0	2	81	7	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	16	8	4	4	1	3	84	8	5230
2020	Indigenous	63	20	8	4	5	0	0	83	9	97
2020	Métis	61	21	7	7	5	0	0	82	12	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	3	3	0	2	87	7	5052
2019	Indigenous	62	14	9	6	7	0	1	78	13	135
2019	Métis	57	15	11	7	10	0	0	72	17	66
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	19	9	5	4	0	2	81	9	5196
2018	Indigenous	54	19	11	8	6	1	1	75	14	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	21	10	6	5	1	2	78	11	4162

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	5	1	1	1	0	22	97	3	100
2022	First Nations	66	4	0	2	2	0	27	95	5	40
2022	Métis	75	4	1	1	0	0	18	97	1	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	10	4	1	1	0	24	91	3	5235
2020	Indigenous	61	9	1	5	1	0	23	91	8	97
2020	Métis	56	8	2	6	2	0	26	87	11	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	11	4	1	1	0	23	92	3	5048
2019	Indigenous	64	10	3	2	4	0	17	89	7	134
2019	Métis	60	10	5	3	7	0	16	83	12	67
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	12	5	2	1	0	26	90	4	5177
2018	Indigenous	48	8	3	3	2	2	34	87	8	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	12	5	2	1	1	29	88	5	4147

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	11	4	0	1	1	9	94	1	100
2022	First Nations	76	6	9	0	0	4	4	90	0	40
2022	Métis	69	16	1	0	2	0	12	96	2	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	15	5	1	1	1	7	92	3	5215
2020	Indigenous	72	16	6	3	1	0	2	89	4	97
2020	Métis	74	12	5	6	2	0	2	88	8	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	18	5	2	1	1	4	93	2	5072
2019	Indigenous	67	21	8	1	1	0	2	89	2	135
2019	Métis	70	20	7	0	2	0	1	91	2	66
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	17	6	2	1	0	6	91	3	5196
2018	Indigenous	59	20	9	2	1	1	7	86	4	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	64	19	7	2	1	1	7	90	3	4150

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	8	7	1	6	0	4	85	8	100
2022	First Nations	71	10	7	0	10	0	2	82	10	40
2022	Métis	76	9	7	0	4	0	4	89	4	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	16	5	4	6	0	4	85	10	5240
2020	Indigenous	75	10	7	7	1	0	0	85	8	96
2020	Métis	70	11	8	8	2	0	0	82	10	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	18	7	4	4	0	2	85	8	5066
2019	Indigenous	73	12	6	3	4	0	2	87	7	135
2019	Métis	73	12	7	4	4	0	0	85	7	66
2019	Non-Indigenous	70	14	5	3	4	1	3	88	7	5215
2018	Indigenous	63	15	7	3	2	1	8	86	6	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	66	15	6	3	4	1	5	86	8	4170

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	30	19	4	4	0	5	72	9	100
2022	First Nations	42	27	24	0	0	0	6	74	0	40
2022	Métis	37	30	16	7	8	0	2	68	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	26	14	4	3	1	3	78	8	5240
2020	Indigenous	49	25	18	2	5	1	0	75	7	96
2020	Métis	52	29	12	2	4	0	0	81	6	49
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	30	16	6	3	0	2	74	9	5078
2019	Indigenous	51	29	12	6	3	0	0	79	9	135
2019	Métis	42	31	17	9	2	0	0	73	10	66
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	27	12	4	2	0	2	82	6	5205
2018	Indigenous	46	32	13	4	4	0	2	79	8	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	29	14	4	2	1	3	79	7	4165

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	39	33	18	4	1	44	22	100
2022	First Nations	2	33	35	22	7	0	36	29	40
2022	Métis	7	43	33	13	2	2	51	15	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	32	39	14	6	0	41	20	5255
2020	Indigenous	16	27	39	15	4	0	42	19	97
2020	Métis	20	27	36	14	4	0	47	18	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	33	36	14	5	0	45	20	5079
2019	Indigenous	20	28	28	19	4	0	48	23	136
2019	Métis	15	26	28	27	4	0	41	31	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	35	35	11	4	0	51	15	5251
2018	Indigenous	16	28	39	10	7	0	44	17	128
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	34	35	12	4	0	48	17	4195

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	19	41	22	6	1	28	30	100
2022	First Nations	17	16	35	32	0	0	32	33	40
2022	Métis	7	21	41	18	10	2	29	29	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	41	21	9	0	30	29	5245
2020	Indigenous	10	27	31	22	9	0	31	38	97
2020	Métis	12	24	32	23	9	0	32	36	50
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	20	39	20	8	0	28	33	5068
2019	Indigenous	20	17	33	22	8	0	30	37	135
2019	Métis	27	24	27	14	8	0	22	51	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	16	40	24	10	0	35	25	5212
2018	Indigenous	14	17	40	19	10	0	29	31	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	18	39	23	10	0	33	27	4142

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	44	13	2	100
2022	First Nations	34	51	15	0	40
2022	Métis	44	39	12	4	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	62	15	1	5255
2020	Indigenous	26	55	18	1	98
2020	Métis	19	67	14	0	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	51	20	1	5086

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	35
2022	First Nations	60	40	10
2022	Métis	40	60	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1105
2020	Indigenous	31	69	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	1422

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	15	7	2	17	7	11	69	23	100
2022	First Nations	44	16	4	4	12	9	12	75	21	40
2022	Métis	44	14	9	0	20	7	7	66	23	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	17	10	5	5	3	19	75	12	5250
2020	Indigenous	43	14	14	8	11	0	10	64	21	98
2020	Métis	45	14	14	6	10	0	11	66	18	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	20	12	7	6	2	11	71	15	5080
2019	Indigenous	29	21	17	13	14	0	5	53	29	136
2019	Métis	22	25	20	9	20	0	4	49	31	68
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	19	15	9	11	1	7	62	22	5149
2018	Indigenous	30	15	18	12	14	2	9	51	29	127
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	18	15	10	11	1	10	58	25	4181

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	17	17	20	19	0	11	37	44	35
2022	First Nations	28	10	24	8	25	0	5	41	35	10
2022	Métis	11	23	6	29	16	0	15	40	53	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	15	18	30	2	6	32	52	1105
2020	Indigenous	19	9	8	30	27	0	8	30	61	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	21	17	21	23	1	5	35	46	1420

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	31	4	18	43	0	0	36	60	35
2022	First Nations	0	57	0	10	33	0	0	57	43	10
2022	Métis	8	20	3	24	45	0	0	28	69	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	17	14	20	38	2	3	24	61	1100
2020	Indigenous	4	8	4	19	60	0	4	13	83	26
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	17	16	23	34	1	2	24	60	1422

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Health Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources