2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Fisheries and Oceans Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	37	11	6	6	0	77	11	305
2022	First Nations	32	42	16	4	6	0	74	10	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	22	5	13	6	0	77	18	30
2022	Métis	49	32	8	6	6	0	81	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	40	10	7	4	0	79	11	6130
2020	Indigenous	37	35	12	8	8	0	72	16	320
2020	First Nations	41	30	13	6	10	0	71	16	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	32	15	7	12	0	66	19	26
2020	Métis	33	41	11	11	4	1	75	15	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	39	11	7	3	0	78	10	6198
2019	Indigenous	40	36	14	6	5	0	75	11	327
2019	First Nations	43	36	11	5	5	0	79	10	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	28	18	3	0	0	78	3	28
2019	Métis	35	37	15	9	5	0	72	13	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	40	10	7	3	0	80	10	6007
2018	Indigenous	35	37	14	8	5	0	73	13	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	44	10	6	3	0	81	10	6394

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	37	17	7	10	0	67	17	305
2022	First Nations	26	40	19	4	11	0	66	15	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	32	12	21	3	0	65	23	30
2022	Métis	33	32	16	9	10	0	65	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	36	12	10	8	0	70	18	6140
2020	Indigenous	25	31	15	15	12	2	57	27	318
2020	First Nations	29	29	14	13	13	3	59	27	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	33	4	28	8	3	59	37	26
2020	Métis	22	34	18	14	12	0	56	26	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	36	13	11	6	0	70	17	6187
2019	Indigenous	31	33	17	12	7	0	64	19	324
2019	First Nations	36	35	10	11	8	0	71	19	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	33	18	3	5	0	74	8	28
2019	Métis	26	30	24	14	6	0	56	20	142
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	38	13	10	6	0	70	17	5997
2018	Indigenous	28	32	17	12	11	0	60	23	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	40	14	10	6	0	69	17	6410

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	32	9	3	2	0	86	5	305
2022	First Nations	50	37	7	3	3	0	87	6	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	30	7	3	3	0	87	6	30
2022	Métis	58	25	13	5	0	0	83	5	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	34	9	4	2	0	85	6	6135
2020	Indigenous	49	36	8	2	4	2	86	5	317
2020	First Nations	54	26	11	2	4	3	83	6	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	36	8	0	8	0	85	8	26
2020	Métis	43	48	5	2	2	0	91	4	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	32	9	3	1	0	87	4	6150
2019	Indigenous	50	37	7	3	2	0	88	5	325
2019	First Nations	57	30	7	2	4	0	87	6	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	34	3	0	0	0	97	0	28
2019	Métis	42	44	8	5	1	0	86	6	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	34	8	3	1	0	88	4	5977
2018	Indigenous	52	32	9	3	3	0	85	6	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	35	7	3	1	0	89	4	6383

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	36	8	6	2	0	83	8	305
2022	First Nations	42	39	11	6	2	0	81	8	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	34	3	0	3	0	94	3	30
2022	Métis	51	33	6	7	2	0	84	10	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	38	10	5	3	0	82	8	6140
2020	Indigenous	45	33	15	4	4	0	78	7	319
2020	First Nations	53	25	15	4	3	0	77	7	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	27	14	5	3	0	78	8	26
2020	Métis	35	43	15	3	5	0	78	7	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	4	2	0	84	6	6196
2019	Indigenous	45	37	10	4	3	0	82	7	326
2019	First Nations	48	34	9	5	4	0	82	9	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	40	5	0	0	0	95	0	28
2019	Métis	40	41	12	4	2	1	82	6	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	39	9	5	2	0	84	7	6006
2018	Indigenous	44	36	9	6	4	0	80	10	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	40	9	5	2	0	84	7	6409

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	32	15	9	5	1	70	15	305
2022	First Nations	35	27	17	11	7	2	64	19	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	46	5	8	0	0	87	8	30
2022	Métis	39	38	14	7	3	0	77	9	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	34	13	8	5	0	73	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	37	30	15	8	9	0	68	17	318
2020	First Nations	37	25	18	9	11	0	62	20	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	25	7	10	9	3	73	20	26
2020	Métis	37	36	12	7	8	1	73	15	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	32	14	7	4	0	75	11	6177
2019	Indigenous	40	27	16	10	5	1	69	15	326
2019	First Nations	43	24	16	10	6	0	67	17	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	71	11	3	14	2	0	82	16	28
2019	Métis	32	33	20	9	4	2	67	13	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	33	14	8	5	0	73	12	6009
2018	Indigenous	32	29	19	10	9	0	61	19	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	35	16	9	4	1	71	13	6405

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	31	14	13	6	1	67	19	305
2022	First Nations	34	26	18	13	7	2	61	21	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	50	5	8	0	0	87	8	30
2022	Métis	34	38	11	12	5	0	72	17	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	36	12	11	6	0	71	17	6140
2020	Indigenous	33	33	16	10	8	0	66	18	317
2020	First Nations	35	27	19	10	9	0	62	19	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	42	7	8	5	3	80	13	26
2020	Métis	32	36	13	12	7	0	68	19	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	34	13	10	4	0	73	13	6155
2019	Indigenous	38	28	15	14	5	0	65	20	325
2019	First Nations	42	23	13	15	7	0	66	21	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	61	21	2	11	5	0	82	16	28
2019	Métis	30	31	19	15	4	0	61	19	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	35	14	9	4	0	72	14	5996
2018	Indigenous	29	32	19	11	7	1	62	19	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	38	16	10	5	0	70	14	6403

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	25	16	13	8	4	0	61	22	305
2022	First Nations	30	28	16	12	9	5	0	61	22	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	24	35	2	0	2	0	62	2	30
2022	Métis	34	24	15	16	8	3	0	60	24	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	26	18	10	7	4	1	63	18	6140
2020	Indigenous	36	20	18	10	11	4	2	59	22	318
2020	First Nations	32	20	18	8	13	5	3	57	23	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	19	18	12	3	3	0	66	16	26
2020	Métis	38	21	17	11	9	4	0	61	21	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	26	16	8	6	3	2	68	15	6190
2019	Indigenous	37	21	18	11	8	4	1	61	20	327
2019	First Nations	35	20	22	12	8	2	1	57	20	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	22	8	0	15	2	0	76	15	28
2019	Métis	37	22	15	13	7	6	0	62	22	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	27	17	10	6	2	1	66	16	6015
2018	Indigenous	30	25	20	10	11	4	0	57	22	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	29	18	10	6	3	1	65	16	6421

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	13	4	2	0	3	80	7	305
2022	First Nations	52	27	14	1	3	0	3	81	5	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	36	2	5	2	0	16	89	9	30
2022	Métis	44	34	13	9	1	0	0	77	10	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	29	12	4	3	1	4	80	7	6140
2020	Indigenous	41	26	18	10	2	1	3	69	12	320
2020	First Nations	41	28	19	8	2	1	2	71	10	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	21	8	15	3	0	9	72	19	26
2020	Métis	39	24	19	11	3	1	3	65	15	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	27	13	5	3	1	3	78	8	6193
2019	Indigenous	44	27	17	4	5	0	2	73	10	328
2019	First Nations	46	24	17	6	5	0	2	72	11	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	34	5	0	2	0	0	92	2	28
2019	Métis	39	29	19	4	6	0	3	70	10	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	29	14	4	3	1	3	78	7	6013

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	36	9	4	4	0	1	82	8	305
2022	First Nations	44	38	8	3	5	0	1	83	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	23	7	2	0	0	11	89	3	30
2022	Métis	43	36	12	6	3	0	0	79	9	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	32	10	7	5	1	1	79	12	6135
2020	Indigenous	37	34	14	8	6	0	1	72	14	320
2020	First Nations	39	30	14	9	7	0	1	69	17	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	34	9	15	5	0	0	72	19	26
2020	Métis	35	39	14	4	5	0	1	76	10	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	31	12	7	5	0	0	76	12	6188
2019	Indigenous	43	33	10	7	6	1	0	77	13	327
2019	First Nations	49	29	6	5	8	1	1	80	13	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	29	10	8	0	0	0	83	8	28
2019	Métis	36	37	12	8	6	0	0	74	14	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	33	10	8	5	0	0	77	13	5992
2018	Indigenous	38	29	12	10	9	1	0	68	20	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	35	11	8	5	1	0	76	13	6353

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	27	8	8	2	0	1	82	10	305
2022	First Nations	53	33	7	5	1	0	1	86	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	18	12	0	0	0	10	87	0	30
2022	Métis	57	20	7	12	3	0	0	78	15	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	27	9	6	5	0	0	80	11	6135
2020	Indigenous	51	22	14	7	5	0	1	74	12	319
2020	First Nations	55	14	16	8	6	0	0	69	14	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	15	14	16	3	0	0	67	19	26
2020	Métis	45	33	12	5	4	0	2	79	9	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	27	10	6	4	0	1	80	10	6201
2019	Indigenous	54	27	8	6	5	0	0	81	11	327
2019	First Nations	57	27	5	5	6	1	0	85	11	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	82	8	3	5	2	0	0	89	7	28
2019	Métis	45	30	12	7	6	0	0	76	12	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	29	11	6	4	0	0	79	10	6017
2018	Indigenous	46	25	11	10	8	0	0	71	18	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	30	11	7	4	0	0	78	12	6371

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	12	8	10	7	68	19	305
2022	First Nations	32	32	15	4	11	6	68	16	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	17	15	35	6	0	44	41	30
2022	Métis	41	26	9	10	6	9	73	18	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	30	13	8	7	8	69	16	6135
2020	Indigenous	28	30	12	12	12	6	61	25	319
2020	First Nations	32	17	16	17	14	5	51	32	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	16	14	10	9	6	65	20	26
2020	Métis	21	48	7	7	11	7	74	19	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	31	15	8	6	6	70	14	6204
2019	Indigenous	31	32	16	9	9	3	65	18	327
2019	First Nations	29	34	12	8	12	4	66	21	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	29	13	0	5	0	82	5	28
2019	Métis	29	32	21	11	6	1	62	17	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	33	16	10	6	6	66	17	6010
2018	Indigenous	27	27	16	12	13	4	57	26	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	33	18	9	7	6	65	16	6408

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	30	13	9	12	4	64	22	305
2022	First Nations	30	36	13	8	12	2	67	20	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	17	17	13	26	0	44	39	30
2022	Métis	35	26	12	10	10	8	65	22	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	31	16	13	11	3	59	24	6135
2020	Indigenous	25	27	22	10	13	2	53	24	319
2020	First Nations	27	23	24	8	16	2	51	24	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	12	13	7	16	6	61	25	26
2020	Métis	19	33	22	14	11	1	53	25	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	32	16	12	8	2	63	21	6180
2019	Indigenous	30	32	16	10	10	1	63	20	326
2019	First Nations	29	31	18	8	12	3	61	20	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	36	6	0	8	0	87	8	27
2019	Métis	27	33	16	14	9	0	61	23	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	17	14	8	2	60	23	6000
2018	Indigenous	22	25	20	15	15	3	48	31	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	33	18	14	9	2	58	24	6402

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	30	18	13	13	7	53	28	305
2022	First Nations	17	31	23	11	14	6	50	26	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	22	17	24	20	0	38	45	30
2022	Métis	20	32	11	17	9	11	58	29	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	28	17	17	14	5	49	33	6135
2020	Indigenous	16	27	20	21	13	3	44	36	318
2020	First Nations	18	27	18	16	16	4	47	34	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	16	32	22	18	5	6	52	24	26
2020	Métis	14	24	21	28	13	1	38	41	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	31	17	17	11	4	53	29	6189
2019	Indigenous	22	30	18	16	11	3	54	28	327
2019	First Nations	23	31	15	14	13	4	56	28	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	44	6	7	7	0	79	15	28
2019	Métis	19	27	22	20	10	1	47	31	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	30	20	18	11	3	49	30	5993
2018	Indigenous	14	25	23	16	17	5	41	35	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	30	20	18	12	4	47	31	6390

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	27	12	21	13	5	52	36	305
2022	First Nations	23	31	11	17	17	2	55	34	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	20	16	29	16	2	37	46	30
2022	Métis	21	25	13	26	8	8	49	37	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	30	17	18	15	3	49	34	6135
2020	Indigenous	16	25	19	19	18	2	43	38	320
2020	First Nations	20	25	15	17	21	1	46	38	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	16	17	27	20	13	6	36	35	26
2020	Métis	12	27	22	21	16	2	40	38	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	32	17	19	12	2	51	32	6196
2019	Indigenous	20	27	16	21	14	2	49	35	328
2019	First Nations	21	30	14	19	13	2	52	33	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	29	21	3	12	0	64	15	28
2019	Métis	16	26	16	26	14	2	43	41	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	30	19	20	13	2	46	34	5994
2018	Indigenous	14	21	20	18	23	3	37	42	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	31	19	21	14	2	45	35	6409

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	32	15	12	12	0	0	61	24	305
2022	First Nations	29	35	14	11	11	0	0	64	22	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	37	9	5	20	0	0	65	25	30
2022	Métis	29	26	16	15	13	0	0	55	29	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	35	14	11	9	0	0	66	20	6140
2020	Indigenous	23	35	16	15	9	0	2	59	25	318
2020	First Nations	28	32	16	9	12	0	4	62	22	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	38	27	3	15	0	0	55	18	26
2020	Métis	17	40	13	25	6	0	0	56	31	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	35	16	13	6	0	0	65	19	6195
2019	Indigenous	28	34	18	10	9	0	0	63	19	326
2019	First Nations	33	33	14	8	13	0	0	66	21	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	31	9	18	8	0	0	65	26	28
2019	Métis	23	36	24	10	6	1	0	59	16	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	38	16	13	7	0	0	64	19	6000
2018	Indigenous	25	30	15	15	15	1	0	56	30	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	37	17	12	8	1	0	62	21	6394

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	50	7	8	4	81	12	305
2022	First Nations	31	50	7	7	5	81	13	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	71	0	8	0	92	8	30
2022	Métis	32	49	8	7	4	81	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	44	10	10	4	76	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	23	42	17	13	4	65	17	318
2020	First Nations	28	41	13	14	3	69	17	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	22	26	19	3	52	22	25
2020	Métis	16	46	21	13	4	62	17	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	42	12	11	3	74	14	6167
2019	Indigenous	28	43	12	11	6	71	17	325
2019	First Nations	31	43	8	13	5	74	18	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	54	10	0	5	85	5	28
2019	Métis	24	43	15	11	8	67	18	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	44	13	11	4	72	15	5976
2018	Indigenous	28	34	19	10	8	63	18	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	45	13	10	4	72	15	6406

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	37	11	5	3	0	2	80	8	305
2022	First Nations	44	32	14	3	5	0	2	78	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	33	12	2	0	0	10	84	3	30
2022	Métis	36	46	7	8	2	0	0	82	10	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	11	8	6	0	1	75	13	6135
2020	Indigenous	37	28	18	13	4	0	1	66	16	320
2020	First Nations	41	29	14	10	3	0	1	72	14	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	18	23	11	0	3	0	65	12	26
2020	Métis	30	27	21	16	5	0	1	58	21	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	31	12	9	5	1	0	74	14	6191
2019	Indigenous	45	26	14	7	6	1	0	72	14	327
2019	First Nations	48	30	8	5	7	1	0	79	13	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	20	7	5	6	0	0	82	11	28
2019	Métis	39	24	21	10	5	0	0	64	16	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	33	12	8	6	0	0	74	14	6010
2018	Indigenous	39	30	10	12	8	0	1	69	20	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	37	12	8	5	1	0	74	13	6371

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	41	11	10	7	0	71	18	305
2022	First Nations	30	39	14	7	9	0	69	17	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	58	0	7	3	0	90	10	30
2022	Métis	33	37	9	14	7	0	70	21	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	40	12	13	6	0	69	19	6125
2020	Indigenous	29	37	12	16	5	0	66	21	317
2020	First Nations	31	38	17	12	2	0	69	14	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	22	14	12	3	0	70	15	26
2020	Métis	25	38	6	23	9	0	63	32	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	40	12	13	5	0	70	18	6179
2019	Indigenous	32	36	13	13	6	0	68	20	325
2019	First Nations	32	45	7	8	8	0	77	16	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	25	10	27	3	0	59	30	27
2019	Métis	32	31	16	16	6	0	62	21	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	41	11	14	5	0	70	19	5994
2018	Indigenous	21	41	12	18	8	1	63	26	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	47	9	14	5	0	72	19	6406

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	24	9	6	6	0	2	80	11	305
2022	First Nations	50	29	11	3	5	0	1	80	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	17	10	3	2	0	10	84	6	30
2022	Métis	58	19	8	8	7	0	1	78	14	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	26	11	5	4	1	1	79	10	6135
2020	Indigenous	45	24	16	8	5	1	2	70	13	319
2020	First Nations	47	20	17	9	6	0	1	68	15	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	21	11	0	3	0	67	12	26
2020	Métis	41	29	14	8	5	1	3	73	13	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	24	13	6	4	1	1	77	10	6186

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	35	12	13	10	3	64	23	305
2022	First Nations	24	37	17	7	10	4	64	18	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	57	8	3	5	0	85	8	30
2022	Métis	30	28	8	21	10	2	60	32	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	35	16	13	10	2	61	23	6140
2020	Indigenous	22	33	20	13	11	1	56	24	319
2020	First Nations	26	28	20	13	12	1	55	25	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	31	26	3	9	6	59	13	26
2020	Métis	17	38	18	15	10	1	56	26	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	35	18	13	8	1	60	21	6186
2019	Indigenous	27	32	18	12	10	1	59	22	328
2019	First Nations	31	29	17	13	11	1	60	24	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	50	8	7	5	0	80	12	28
2019	Métis	24	32	22	11	10	1	56	22	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	35	17	14	9	2	59	24	6011
2018	Indigenous	15	33	19	15	16	2	49	32	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	36	18	15	9	2	57	25	6411

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	29	13	4	6	1	5	76	10	305
2022	First Nations	48	31	12	4	2	1	1	81	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	24	12	2	5	2	10	78	8	30
2022	Métis	38	24	14	5	9	2	9	69	15	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	25	15	5	6	1	5	72	12	6135
2020	Indigenous	43	20	12	12	6	3	4	68	19	320
2020	First Nations	51	19	11	8	5	2	3	74	14	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	36	15	18	0	3	0	66	19	26
2020	Métis	36	21	10	15	9	4	6	62	26	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	24	16	7	4	1	3	72	11	6207
2019	Indigenous	41	28	18	4	5	1	3	72	9	326
2019	First Nations	49	27	14	4	1	1	4	80	5	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	35	18	2	3	0	0	77	5	28
2019	Métis	35	27	22	5	7	2	2	64	13	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	26	16	6	4	1	3	73	10	6010

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	24	15	4	6	2	2	73	11	305
2022	First Nations	48	26	12	4	7	3	0	76	11	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	11	7	2	0	2	10	89	3	30
2022	Métis	42	25	20	5	5	2	1	68	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	26	15	6	5	2	3	73	12	6135
2020	Indigenous	37	28	19	3	8	1	4	68	12	320
2020	First Nations	40	28	20	2	7	3	1	70	9	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	6	23	6	0	3	7	67	7	26
2020	Métis	30	30	17	4	12	0	6	64	17	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	25	16	9	4	1	2	70	13	6198
2019	Indigenous	46	24	15	7	4	1	3	73	11	326
2019	First Nations	49	24	12	4	5	2	4	78	10	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	53	35	8	4	0	0	0	88	4	28
2019	Métis	43	21	20	10	3	1	2	66	13	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	26	16	7	4	1	3	72	11	5998

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	9	8	3	6	4	4	82	9	305
2022	First Nations	66	11	6	4	6	6	1	83	11	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	12	20	0	3	4	10	74	3	30
2022	Métis	69	6	11	3	4	2	5	81	7	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	10	4	2	2	3	6	92	4	6135
2020	Indigenous	66	14	7	4	5	2	2	83	9	320
2020	First Nations	58	16	8	5	8	4	2	78	13	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	24	0	3	5	7	0	92	8	26
2020	Métis	74	11	8	3	1	0	2	87	5	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	9	5	2	2	2	3	91	4	6181
2019	Indigenous	72	10	4	3	5	3	3	88	8	327
2019	First Nations	74	11	3	2	4	3	4	91	6	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	87	2	6	2	3	0	0	89	5	28
2019	Métis	68	11	5	4	6	3	4	84	11	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	9	5	2	2	3	4	90	4	5991

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	15	6	1	4	2	7	88	6	305
2022	First Nations	66	13	7	1	2	3	7	88	4	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	32	0	0	0	2	13	100	0	30
2022	Métis	65	17	4	1	4	1	7	90	6	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	8	3	1	2	2	10	92	4	6135
2020	Indigenous	64	13	5	4	5	3	6	84	10	319
2020	First Nations	63	12	8	8	5	1	2	77	14	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	23	0	0	0	9	9	100	0	25
2020	Métis	67	12	2	1	4	4	9	91	6	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	10	4	2	1	2	6	92	3	6187
2019	Indigenous	75	10	5	2	3	1	6	90	5	328
2019	First Nations	77	6	4	1	2	2	8	92	3	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	90	4	0	3	0	0	3	97	3	28
2019	Métis	69	13	7	2	4	0	5	86	7	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	7	3	1	1	2	7	93	3	5988

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	35	9	14	19	2	1	56	35	305
2022	First Nations	20	39	7	11	20	2	0	60	32	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	23	16	8	27	0	5	46	38	30
2022	Métis	18	33	10	18	20	1	0	51	39	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	35	12	13	11	2	2	62	26	6140
2020	Indigenous	22	29	15	13	16	2	4	54	30	319
2020	First Nations	24	28	12	16	15	1	4	55	32	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	29	25	4	8	9	0	60	13	26
2020	Métis	18	31	14	11	18	2	6	53	31	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	34	14	13	10	1	2	62	23	6197
2019	Indigenous	30	25	13	14	14	2	2	57	29	328
2019	First Nations	37	16	11	15	15	3	4	57	32	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	52	10	7	7	0	0	76	14	28
2019	Métis	25	29	16	15	14	2	0	54	29	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	33	15	14	11	2	2	59	25	6025
2018	Indigenous	18	27	18	17	18	1	1	46	36	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	34	15	14	12	2	1	59	26	6413

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	37	13	6	10	0	71	16	305
2022	First Nations	31	36	14	6	12	0	67	19	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	28	20	2	20	0	58	23	30
2022	Métis	37	39	8	5	10	0	76	16	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	40	12	10	7	0	72	16	6125
2020	Indigenous	27	37	19	8	8	0	65	16	316
2020	First Nations	30	32	17	11	10	0	63	20	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	31	17	14	10	0	58	25	26
2020	Métis	23	45	22	3	7	0	68	10	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	40	12	10	5	0	74	14	6165
2019	Indigenous	31	36	16	11	7	0	66	18	324
2019	First Nations	35	38	10	10	6	1	73	17	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	24	30	5	2	0	63	7	27
2019	Métis	24	37	18	12	9	0	62	21	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	40	13	10	5	0	71	15	5979
2018	Indigenous	26	36	14	12	11	0	63	23	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	42	13	10	6	0	71	16	6394

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	36	12	7	5	0	76	12	305
2022	First Nations	37	36	16	5	6	0	73	11	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	34	10	20	0	0	70	20	30
2022	Métis	42	36	9	9	4	0	78	13	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	36	13	8	6	0	73	14	6140
2020	Indigenous	36	24	18	13	8	1	61	21	317
2020	First Nations	38	26	19	8	8	0	64	16	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	18	16	20	8	8	52	30	26
2020	Métis	34	25	15	18	8	0	58	26	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	35	14	8	4	0	74	12	6183
2019	Indigenous	35	33	15	10	7	0	68	17	326
2019	First Nations	40	36	9	6	8	0	77	14	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	51	3	3	5	0	89	8	28
2019	Métis	30	27	22	14	7	0	57	20	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	36	15	8	5	0	72	13	5992
2018	Indigenous	32	29	19	12	7	1	62	19	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	38	15	8	5	0	73	12	6386

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	35	11	10	3	0	0	76	14	305
2022	First Nations	41	34	11	8	5	0	0	75	14	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	45	29	3	0	0	0	68	3	30
2022	Métis	43	34	9	12	2	0	0	77	14	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	38	14	9	5	0	0	72	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	28	41	17	6	6	0	2	70	13	317
2020	First Nations	29	36	18	7	6	0	4	67	14	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	37	25	10	8	0	0	57	18	26
2020	Métis	26	48	14	5	6	0	0	75	11	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	41	14	9	3	0	0	73	13	6158
2019	Indigenous	31	33	21	10	4	0	1	65	14	319
2019	First Nations	35	34	13	10	5	1	1	71	16	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	20	37	2	3	0	0	58	5	26
2019	Métis	27	36	24	12	2	0	0	63	14	141
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	41	15	9	4	0	0	71	13	5956
2018	Indigenous	28	33	16	13	9	1	0	61	22	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	39	17	10	5	0	0	68	15	6396

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	41	13	10	10	2	0	65	21	305
2022	First Nations	22	41	13	9	12	3	0	65	21	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	36	12	6	20	2	0	62	26	30
2022	Métis	22	43	14	13	7	2	0	66	20	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	41	17	10	6	3	0	66	16	6135
2020	Indigenous	20	36	21	9	10	1	3	58	20	319
2020	First Nations	20	29	25	10	11	2	3	52	22	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	35	26	7	9	3	0	57	16	26
2020	Métis	17	45	16	7	10	1	4	65	18	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	43	17	11	4	2	0	68	15	6196
2019	Indigenous	19	40	19	14	5	2	0	61	20	325
2019	First Nations	20	39	19	14	5	2	0	61	20	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	42	16	3	2	2	0	79	5	27
2019	Métis	14	43	19	17	5	3	0	58	22	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	44	19	10	5	3	0	65	16	6018
2018	Indigenous	19	30	24	15	9	3	0	51	25	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	40	23	10	5	3	0	61	15	6429

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	31	14	6	10	0	70	16	305
2022	First Nations	37	32	16	5	10	0	70	15	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	35	8	0	13	0	79	13	30
2022	Métis	38	32	12	8	9	1	70	17	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	31	10	10	7	0	73	17	6135
2020	Indigenous	38	27	17	8	10	0	65	18	318
2020	First Nations	43	25	12	7	12	0	69	19	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	37	20	8	3	0	69	11	26
2020	Métis	33	27	22	10	9	0	59	19	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	30	11	11	7	0	70	19	6187
2019	Indigenous	39	27	16	11	7	0	66	18	326
2019	First Nations	43	27	14	9	6	0	70	15	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	18	3	14	18	0	65	32	28
2019	Métis	34	28	21	12	5	0	63	16	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	32	12	10	6	0	72	16	6004
2018	Indigenous	36	30	14	12	8	0	66	21	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	35	13	9	5	1	72	15	6403

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	33	19	6	5	1	1	69	12	305
2022	First Nations	33	36	17	8	2	2	1	71	11	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	32	13	2	10	0	0	74	13	30
2022	Métis	37	30	18	6	8	0	1	68	13	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	33	16	8	6	0	1	69	14	6140
2020	Indigenous	31	33	20	7	8	0	1	65	15	319
2020	First Nations	38	31	16	6	7	1	2	71	13	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	37	11	10	3	3	0	75	13	26
2020	Métis	23	34	24	8	10	0	0	58	18	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	34	17	9	6	0	1	67	16	6186
2019	Indigenous	32	33	19	12	4	0	1	65	16	326
2019	First Nations	41	29	14	10	5	0	1	71	15	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	33	23	10	0	0	0	67	10	28
2019	Métis	24	35	22	14	5	0	0	59	19	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	35	18	9	6	0	1	68	14	5995
2018	Indigenous	28	34	19	10	6	0	2	64	16	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	33	18	9	6	0	1	66	15	6412

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	24	6	2	4	0	6	86	7	305
2022	First Nations	55	26	7	2	6	0	3	84	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	35	2	2	0	0	10	95	2	30
2022	Métis	58	21	7	2	4	1	8	87	6	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	21	6	4	4	1	6	85	9	6140

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	29	33	305
2022	First Nations	42	27	31	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	52	27	30
2022	Métis	34	32	34	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	32	29	6140
2020	Indigenous	17	48	35	320
2020	First Nations	17	51	33	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	11	49	41	26
2020	Métis	20	44	36	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	44	33	6205
2019	Indigenous	23	40	37	327
2019	First Nations	22	42	36	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	23	60	18	28
2019	Métis	24	35	42	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	43	32	6020
2018	Indigenous	22	40	38	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	44	32	6396

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	38	27	4	14	9	110
2022	First Nations	12	38	22	2	16	10	55
2022	Métis	5	34	40	4	8	9	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	39	20	6	14	8	2290
2020	Indigenous	17	39	30	3	4	6	64
2020	First Nations	17	28	42	7	3	3	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	42	19	7	7	6	1448
2019	Indigenous	17	30	17	11	16	8	70
2019	Métis	16	43	13	0	15	14	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	33	20	9	15	6	1503
2018	Indigenous	20	30	21	16	3	9	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	36	20	10	7	6	1554

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	41	9	4	3	0	84	7	305
2022	First Nations	46	37	10	3	5	0	83	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	55	8	0	3	0	90	3	30
2022	Métis	37	47	9	5	2	0	84	7	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	39	8	5	3	0	84	8	6125
2020	Indigenous	39	36	15	6	4	0	75	10	316
2020	First Nations	44	31	14	7	4	0	75	11	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	36	8	6	3	0	83	9	26
2020	Métis	30	43	17	5	5	0	74	10	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	39	8	5	2	0	85	7	6171
2019	Indigenous	39	33	17	7	3	0	72	10	326
2019	First Nations	43	32	17	2	5	0	76	7	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	22	14	10	0	0	76	10	28
2019	Métis	33	36	18	11	2	0	69	13	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	42	9	5	2	0	83	8	5983
2018	Indigenous	39	41	10	5	4	1	81	9	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	41	9	5	2	0	84	7	6412

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	43	14	13	7	3	0	66	20	305
2022	First Nations	21	41	16	12	8	1	0	64	20	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	46	19	13	0	0	0	68	13	30
2022	Métis	17	47	10	11	7	7	0	69	20	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	44	17	12	5	1	0	65	17	6130
2020	Indigenous	19	41	20	10	8	0	2	62	18	318
2020	First Nations	24	38	21	11	6	0	0	62	17	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	52	11	12	9	0	0	68	21	26
2020	Métis	13	44	18	8	10	1	5	61	20	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	43	19	11	4	1	0	66	15	6196
2019	Indigenous	28	36	18	12	5	0	0	65	17	327
2019	First Nations	31	36	12	12	8	1	0	68	20	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	25	19	5	6	0	0	70	11	27
2019	Métis	22	39	23	13	3	0	0	62	15	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	45	17	11	4	1	0	67	15	6016
2018	Indigenous	19	36	19	15	9	2	0	56	25	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	44	20	11	5	1	0	64	16	6409

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	20	38	22	8	1	1	31	30	305
2022	First Nations	9	21	34	25	9	1	0	35	30	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	2	20	35	30	11	2	0	41	23	30
2022	Métis	8	17	43	22	5	1	3	29	26	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	23	39	19	8	1	2	27	32	6125
2020	Indigenous	13	30	30	16	8	1	2	25	44	319
2020	First Nations	16	25	30	18	7	1	3	26	43	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	30	19	24	18	3	0	44	37	26
2020	Métis	12	35	32	13	8	1	0	21	47	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	24	38	20	7	1	1	27	34	6193
2019	Indigenous	9	23	39	17	10	0	2	27	33	326
2019	First Nations	12	20	38	18	8	0	4	27	33	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	5	14	49	15	17	0	0	32	19	27
2019	Métis	6	28	39	17	9	0	0	26	35	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	25	38	19	8	1	1	27	34	6010
2018	Indigenous	12	26	33	17	9	1	3	26	40	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	25	39	18	7	1	1	26	35	6394

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	27	31	14	6	2	3	21	46	305
2022	First Nations	20	21	26	18	9	2	4	28	44	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	23	48	8	8	0	5	18	32	30
2022	Métis	11	33	39	12	2	1	2	14	45	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	27	29	14	7	1	4	22	47	6130
2020	Indigenous	13	26	31	16	8	1	6	26	41	319
2020	First Nations	8	26	28	19	10	2	7	31	38	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	9	28	24	9	3	0	34	37	26
2020	Métis	15	27	35	10	6	1	6	17	45	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	26	32	17	8	2	2	25	42	6184
2019	Indigenous	18	23	29	15	11	2	2	27	43	323
2019	First Nations	16	28	25	18	9	1	3	29	46	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	3	29	18	31	0	3	51	19	27
2019	Métis	21	23	32	13	9	3	0	22	45	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	27	31	15	8	1	2	24	44	6008
2018	Indigenous	18	27	29	14	7	1	4	23	47	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	27	30	15	7	2	2	23	47	6379

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	15	27	32	15	2	2	49	23	305
2022	First Nations	6	18	23	33	17	2	1	52	25	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	8	38	37	13	0	5	52	8	30
2022	Métis	9	12	32	31	11	3	2	44	22	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	15	30	29	17	1	3	47	22	6120
2020	Indigenous	5	14	29	30	18	1	4	49	20	318
2020	First Nations	6	12	23	32	23	0	4	57	19	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	10	18	36	23	6	0	63	18	26
2020	Métis	4	18	36	27	11	0	4	40	23	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	14	32	31	14	1	2	46	21	6173
2019	Indigenous	7	15	33	25	19	1	1	45	22	324
2019	First Nations	7	12	31	27	20	0	3	48	20	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	0	14	12	39	35	0	0	74	14	27
2019	Métis	7	17	38	21	15	3	0	37	25	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	15	32	29	15	1	2	45	21	5985
2018	Indigenous	10	15	32	28	11	1	3	40	26	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	16	33	28	12	1	2	42	24	6359

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	20	26	21	13	2	2	36	38	305
2022	First Nations	17	21	22	19	17	4	1	38	39	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	3	23	23	25	15	0	10	45	29	30
2022	Métis	16	17	30	24	10	1	2	35	33	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	21	27	20	15	1	4	36	36	6125
2020	Indigenous	19	20	27	16	12	2	3	30	42	320
2020	First Nations	17	18	31	14	15	2	3	30	37	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	18	11	25	25	15	6	0	43	31	26
2020	Métis	23	25	23	15	10	1	4	25	50	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	21	28	23	13	1	2	37	34	6191
2019	Indigenous	15	22	26	19	16	1	1	36	37	324
2019	First Nations	18	20	23	19	17	1	1	37	38	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	15	16	23	35	0	0	58	26	27
2019	Métis	13	25	30	19	12	0	1	31	38	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	20	28	22	13	2	2	37	35	6010
2018	Indigenous	19	25	26	17	9	0	3	27	46	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	23	29	19	10	2	2	30	40	6387

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	24	23	16	17	2	4	35	41	305
2022	First Nations	12	25	13	22	23	2	3	47	39	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	18	15	18	0	14	38	40	30
2022	Métis	20	24	33	10	7	2	4	18	47	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	20	26	17	14	3	4	34	39	6130
2020	Indigenous	17	17	21	25	14	2	3	41	37	317
2020	First Nations	18	14	18	25	17	3	5	45	35	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	5	24	17	25	19	10	0	50	32	26
2020	Métis	19	20	24	25	11	0	2	36	39	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	19	26	24	15	3	2	40	33	6174
2019	Indigenous	14	20	22	21	17	3	3	41	36	325
2019	First Nations	17	15	20	21	19	6	2	44	34	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	7	16	10	21	41	5	0	65	24	28
2019	Métis	12	26	25	20	11	1	5	33	40	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	20	27	21	13	3	2	36	35	5985
2018	Indigenous	16	20	25	23	12	3	2	37	37	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	27	20	12	2	2	33	38	6371

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	26	32	15	9	5	2	26	40	305
2022	First Nations	8	28	31	16	12	3	2	29	38	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	15	53	13	8	6	0	23	21	30
2022	Métis	14	24	32	14	7	7	3	23	42	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	26	29	14	9	2	2	24	45	6125
2020	Indigenous	15	22	30	15	9	3	5	27	41	316
2020	First Nations	11	21	32	17	10	3	7	29	36	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	21	24	14	18	3	0	33	42	26
2020	Métis	20	24	27	14	7	4	4	23	47	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	23	33	17	9	2	2	27	39	6180
2019	Indigenous	14	20	31	15	13	4	3	30	37	323
2019	First Nations	12	22	28	15	14	5	3	32	37	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	7	16	16	23	35	0	3	60	24	27
2019	Métis	17	19	38	13	7	3	3	21	39	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	24	31	17	10	2	2	27	41	5997
2018	Indigenous	22	19	29	14	11	1	4	26	44	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	25	32	14	7	2	2	23	44	6385

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	18	29	26	16	3	1	44	26	305
2022	First Nations	7	17	30	26	18	2	1	46	24	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	2	12	57	11	18	0	0	29	14	30
2022	Métis	6	20	26	26	14	6	2	44	28	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	14	31	29	17	1	2	47	21	6140
2020	Indigenous	11	19	33	22	11	2	2	34	32	320
2020	First Nations	15	12	35	23	15	0	0	38	27	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	9	22	30	31	4	3	0	37	32	26
2020	Métis	8	26	30	20	7	4	4	30	37	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	18	37	25	11	0	1	36	26	6192
2019	Indigenous	12	16	33	26	13	0	0	39	28	325
2019	First Nations	13	17	27	29	13	1	1	43	30	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	12	29	18	30	0	0	48	22	27
2019	Métis	11	17	39	24	9	0	0	33	28	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	17	33	26	13	1	1	40	26	6005

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	33	17	19	11	4	0	50	32	305
2022	First Nations	17	33	14	14	15	7	0	53	31	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	44	31	10	3	0	0	56	13	30
2022	Métis	12	36	18	24	8	2	0	49	33	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	30	21	22	13	3	0	43	35	6125
2020	Indigenous	15	30	20	19	11	1	4	47	32	317
2020	First Nations	19	24	27	19	11	1	0	42	31	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	14	33	25	17	5	7	0	50	23	25
2020	Métis	11	38	9	19	13	1	9	53	36	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	34	21	20	8	2	0	50	29	6172
2019	Indigenous	19	28	23	19	10	3	0	47	29	324
2019	First Nations	19	31	23	13	11	3	1	52	25	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	38	8	19	5	0	0	68	24	27
2019	Métis	16	23	26	23	9	3	0	40	33	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	33	22	21	8	3	0	46	31	5998

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	34	5	6	9	1	0	79	15	305
2022	First Nations	42	39	6	6	7	0	0	81	13	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	26	8	7	23	0	0	62	30	30
2022	Métis	47	31	3	5	11	1	0	80	17	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	30	8	7	6	1	0	79	13	6135
2020	Indigenous	40	25	8	13	13	1	2	66	26	318
2020	First Nations	42	23	7	12	16	0	0	65	28	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	14	22	19	12	3	0	45	32	26
2020	Métis	39	29	5	12	10	1	4	71	24	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	31	9	9	5	1	0	77	14	6186
2019	Indigenous	47	26	12	9	7	0	0	73	15	326
2019	First Nations	50	24	11	10	6	0	0	74	16	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	46	3	0	5	0	0	92	5	27
2019	Métis	43	26	14	9	8	0	0	70	17	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	31	9	10	5	1	0	76	15	6009
2018	Indigenous	31	32	12	13	12	1	0	63	25	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	34	9	10	6	1	0	74	17	6393

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	29	8	9	3	80	12	305
2022	First Nations	51	32	11	4	2	83	6	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	32	5	23	3	69	26	30
2022	Métis	51	26	3	15	4	78	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	31	7	5	3	85	8	6135
2020	Indigenous	43	29	13	10	5	72	14	318
2020	First Nations	42	27	13	12	6	68	18	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	31	19	5	0	77	5	25
2020	Métis	45	30	13	7	4	76	11	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	34	7	7	3	84	9	6168
2019	Indigenous	44	31	13	7	4	75	11	327
2019	First Nations	46	28	15	8	3	74	11	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	38	3	11	5	82	16	28
2019	Métis	41	33	15	6	4	75	11	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	35	7	8	3	82	11	5990
2018	Indigenous	39	36	9	9	7	75	16	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	39	8	7	3	82	10	6390

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	37	11	4	4	0	0	81	8	305
2022	First Nations	44	37	11	3	4	0	0	81	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	26	31	0	5	0	0	64	5	30
2022	Métis	44	38	9	5	4	1	0	82	9	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	36	8	4	3	1	0	84	7	6135
2020	Indigenous	39	33	14	7	6	0	0	72	13	319
2020	First Nations	37	30	17	7	8	0	0	68	15	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	12	26	19	0	3	0	54	20	26
2020	Métis	41	40	9	7	4	0	0	81	10	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	39	10	5	2	1	0	83	7	6149
2019	Indigenous	37	39	14	6	3	0	0	76	10	327
2019	First Nations	42	41	8	5	3	1	0	84	8	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	29	28	0	2	0	0	70	2	28
2019	Métis	33	38	17	9	3	0	0	71	13	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	40	12	5	2	1	0	81	8	6013
2018	Indigenous	35	33	17	7	7	1	1	68	14	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	43	11	5	2	1	0	81	8	6397

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	38	12	8	9	1	0	70	18	305
2022	First Nations	26	39	14	7	12	2	0	66	20	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	34	9	25	3	0	0	63	27	30
2022	Métis	37	39	10	9	5	0	0	76	15	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	39	12	8	5	2	0	74	13	6135
2020	Indigenous	29	31	17	12	9	2	0	61	21	319
2020	First Nations	29	25	19	13	10	3	1	56	25	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	25	26	3	9	3	0	61	13	26
2020	Métis	29	37	14	12	7	0	0	66	20	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	40	14	8	3	1	0	75	11	6158
2019	Indigenous	30	38	17	6	6	2	0	70	13	325
2019	First Nations	28	39	17	7	7	1	0	68	14	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	58	32	5	0	5	0	0	90	5	27
2019	Métis	25	40	20	7	6	3	0	67	13	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	41	15	7	3	2	0	75	10	5995
2018	Indigenous	29	36	17	9	6	3	0	67	15	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	42	14	5	2	2	0	78	8	6412

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	36	13	10	8	6	0	67	19	305
2022	First Nations	23	34	15	7	12	9	0	63	21	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	57	13	6	0	0	0	81	6	30
2022	Métis	28	38	12	14	4	4	1	69	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	37	16	7	3	7	1	72	11	6135
2020	Indigenous	36	24	16	12	7	3	2	63	20	320
2020	First Nations	36	22	13	14	11	3	1	61	26	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	21	15	0	9	14	0	72	11	26
2020	Métis	32	27	21	12	4	2	4	62	16	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	37	15	6	3	4	1	75	9	6176
2019	Indigenous	37	32	19	6	3	3	0	71	10	326
2019	First Nations	39	30	16	6	6	4	0	71	12	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	23	14	4	3	0	0	80	7	28
2019	Métis	29	37	24	7	1	2	0	67	8	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	36	15	5	2	4	1	77	7	5998
2018	Indigenous	33	31	20	7	5	3	1	67	12	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	38	17	4	2	3	1	76	6	6416

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	37	11	7	3	0	79	10	305
2022	First Nations	39	37	15	6	3	0	76	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	46	5	10	0	0	85	10	30
2022	Métis	44	39	7	7	2	0	84	9	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	36	7	6	4	0	83	10	6140
2020	Indigenous	39	36	13	6	6	0	75	12	315
2020	First Nations	40	29	18	5	8	0	69	13	154
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	28	19	5	0	0	77	5	26
2020	Métis	37	43	7	9	4	0	80	13	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	34	9	5	3	0	83	8	6180
2019	Indigenous	44	33	9	7	5	1	78	13	326
2019	First Nations	46	34	9	4	6	0	80	10	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	27	3	3	2	0	93	5	28
2019	Métis	38	34	9	12	5	2	74	17	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	37	9	6	3	0	82	9	6010
2018	Indigenous	38	32	15	7	8	0	70	15	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	40	10	6	3	0	81	9	6407

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	31	7	5	6	3	1	81	11	305
2022	First Nations	46	33	8	6	3	2	2	82	10	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	49	8	5	5	6	0	80	11	30
2022	Métis	53	28	5	4	7	3	0	84	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	28	8	4	2	5	3	84	7	6130

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	30	8	11	5	4	1	75	16	305
2022	First Nations	39	31	8	13	5	2	2	73	18	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	43	14	13	0	8	0	71	14	30
2022	Métis	50	30	6	5	5	4	0	83	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	27	9	5	3	5	3	81	8	6135

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	23	21	8	5	15	1	60	15	305
2022	First Nations	21	25	17	9	6	22	2	59	19	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	20	36	12	5	2	0	46	17	30
2022	Métis	34	23	22	5	6	9	1	63	13	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	26	22	7	4	15	2	60	13	6135
2020	Indigenous	26	27	19	13	6	6	3	59	21	320
2020	First Nations	27	22	17	15	9	8	1	54	27	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	7	0	5	19	0	85	6	26
2020	Métis	23	32	23	12	3	2	5	59	16	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	33	19	7	3	6	1	69	11	6193

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	32	8	9	6	4	1	75	17	305
2022	First Nations	38	33	11	9	7	2	0	73	16	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	29	8	25	7	0	0	60	32	30
2022	Métis	44	29	3	11	5	5	1	78	18	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	32	8	4	3	4	3	83	8	6135
2020	Indigenous	41	26	9	12	9	1	2	69	22	318
2020	First Nations	41	24	8	12	13	1	1	66	26	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	21	8	10	9	9	0	71	21	26
2020	Métis	39	29	8	14	6	0	4	71	20	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	33	10	5	3	2	1	82	8	6184

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	17	27	4	7	31	4	41	18	305
2022	First Nations	13	12	30	5	9	29	2	37	19	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	15	39	0	7	31	0	33	10	30
2022	Métis	5	22	23	4	6	35	6	46	16	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	14	23	4	4	43	5	41	15	6135

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	4	5	46	38	0	0	11	84	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	11	22	15	34	17	1	14	60	55
2020	Indigenous	0	0	21	35	40	4	0	0	78	20
2020	First Nations	0	0	24	26	50	0	0	0	76	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	7	12	14	27	25	12	14	67	39

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	28	22	11	6	5	4	57	19	305
2022	First Nations	27	27	26	7	5	5	2	58	14	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	33	14	20	5	0	3	59	27	30
2022	Métis	17	27	20	17	6	6	7	51	26	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	31	16	9	9	6	5	63	20	6135
2020	Indigenous	23	32	20	10	12	3	1	56	23	319
2020	First Nations	24	25	18	11	18	3	1	52	30	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	9	48	11	8	3	0	31	20	26
2020	Métis	22	42	17	10	6	2	1	66	17	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	18	10	7	5	3	62	18	6193
2019	Indigenous	34	28	16	9	9	2	2	65	19	327
2019	First Nations	40	25	12	9	8	3	2	69	18	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	41	13	0	9	0	2	77	10	28
2019	Métis	29	29	20	10	10	1	1	60	20	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	33	15	11	7	4	2	65	19	6008
2018	Indigenous	19	30	19	11	14	4	2	52	27	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	37	18	11	8	4	2	61	20	6399

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	35	9	13	10	2	1	67	23	305
2022	First Nations	32	39	9	9	8	2	0	73	18	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	54	10	5	10	0	0	74	16	30
2022	Métis	30	31	7	18	9	2	3	64	28	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	37	14	10	7	4	1	67	19	6135
2020	Indigenous	30	32	15	11	9	2	0	64	21	319
2020	First Nations	33	23	21	9	11	3	1	58	20	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	26	8	26	5	0	0	62	30	26
2020	Métis	25	43	11	11	8	1	0	69	20	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	37	12	11	5	2	1	71	17	6189
2019	Indigenous	36	34	12	9	7	2	0	71	16	328
2019	First Nations	37	36	9	8	8	1	0	74	17	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	13	15	5	2	0	0	78	7	28
2019	Métis	28	36	15	10	7	3	0	67	18	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	38	14	11	5	2	1	68	17	6015
2018	Indigenous	30	35	15	10	8	3	0	66	18	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	40	13	10	4	2	1	71	15	6415

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	37	12	9	5	3	0	73	14	305
2022	First Nations	33	39	10	11	6	1	0	73	17	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	56	9	5	3	0	0	83	8	30
2022	Métis	37	34	13	4	5	6	0	76	10	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	38	18	8	6	2	0	68	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	28	31	21	9	10	0	0	59	19	320
2020	First Nations	31	29	18	9	12	0	1	60	22	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	25	24	4	9	3	0	61	14	26
2020	Métis	21	37	24	10	7	1	0	58	17	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	37	18	9	4	1	0	69	13	6185
2019	Indigenous	34	28	21	10	6	1	0	62	16	328
2019	First Nations	37	25	18	13	7	1	0	62	20	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	18	12	11	3	0	0	74	14	28
2019	Métis	27	33	24	8	6	1	1	61	14	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	39	20	8	4	1	0	67	12	5999
2018	Indigenous	29	27	19	16	9	0	0	56	25	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	41	19	8	4	1	0	69	12	6403

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	30	10	15	15	7	1	56	32	305
2022	First Nations	24	33	12	9	15	7	1	62	26	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	29	6	34	8	6	0	49	44	30
2022	Métis	20	26	10	20	14	8	1	51	38	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	26	17	12	12	10	2	53	28	6135
2020	Indigenous	22	24	14	16	17	6	2	49	36	319
2020	First Nations	24	22	10	18	20	5	1	49	41	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	11	23	11	12	11	0	49	26	26
2020	Métis	18	27	18	12	15	6	4	50	30	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	27	18	12	13	7	1	53	27	6198
2019	Indigenous	27	20	17	14	14	6	1	51	31	326
2019	First Nations	30	22	10	15	15	8	2	57	32	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	17	19	2	14	2	0	64	17	28
2019	Métis	22	19	23	17	14	5	0	43	32	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	27	18	14	12	7	2	51	28	6017
2018	Indigenous	16	21	20	16	20	7	1	39	39	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	29	19	14	12	6	1	51	28	6408

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	42	5	11	4	81	15	305
2022	First Nations	40	41	5	10	4	81	14	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	47	4	16	3	78	18	30
2022	Métis	36	43	5	13	4	79	17	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	45	5	9	4	81	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	28	49	10	9	4	77	13	320
2020	First Nations	31	48	13	7	2	79	9	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	34	16	12	8	65	20	26
2020	Métis	26	51	5	11	6	78	17	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	48	5	11	2	82	13	6195

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	34	7	10	5	78	15	305
2022	First Nations	46	30	8	11	5	76	16	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	61	8	3	0	89	3	30
2022	Métis	42	35	5	11	7	77	18	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	37	7	10	5	79	14	6130
2020	Indigenous	35	35	13	14	4	69	17	318
2020	First Nations	36	31	18	13	2	67	15	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	23	8	10	7	75	17	25
2020	Métis	29	41	9	16	5	71	21	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	42	9	10	3	77	13	6199
2019	Indigenous	47	28	10	10	5	75	15	327
2019	First Nations	47	26	11	10	6	73	16	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	38	5	9	0	87	9	28
2019	Métis	47	26	10	11	5	74	16	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	37	7	10	4	78	15	6010

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	43	7	5	3	85	8	305
2022	First Nations	38	49	6	3	4	87	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	58	2	0	3	95	3	30
2022	Métis	45	38	9	6	3	82	8	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	36	7	6	3	85	8	6120
2020	Indigenous	44	32	10	10	4	76	14	316
2020	First Nations	47	31	14	8	1	78	9	154
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	35	11	0	3	86	3	26
2020	Métis	39	33	5	15	7	72	22	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	38	9	8	2	81	10	6141
2019	Indigenous	49	33	6	6	5	82	12	324
2019	First Nations	52	32	7	3	6	84	9	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	29	2	13	0	85	13	28
2019	Métis	46	35	5	8	6	81	14	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	37	7	6	3	84	9	5973

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	23	2	1	1	0	0	96	2	305
2022	First Nations	74	22	3	1	0	0	0	96	2	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	36	0	4	0	0	0	96	4	30
2022	Métis	73	26	0	1	1	0	0	99	1	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	19	4	2	1	1	1	93	3	6135
2020	Indigenous	74	16	4	1	2	0	4	93	3	320
2020	First Nations	80	12	6	1	1	0	0	92	2	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	64	24	9	0	3	0	0	88	3	26
2020	Métis	70	17	1	2	2	0	9	95	4	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	18	4	2	1	0	1	93	3	6181

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	17	4	1	2	0	4	93	3	305
2022	First Nations	69	22	4	0	1	0	4	95	1	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	25	6	4	0	0	13	89	4	30
2022	Métis	76	13	2	1	4	0	3	92	5	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	8	3	1	1	0	5	95	2	6135
2019	Indigenous	81	9	6	1	1	1	2	92	2	326
2019	First Nations	87	7	3	1	0	0	2	96	1	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	71	13	16	0	0	0	0	84	0	28
2019	Métis	79	8	6	1	2	1	3	91	3	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	9	4	1	1	0	3	93	3	5992

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	10	9	10	6	25	13	59	27	305
2022	First Nations	25	5	9	10	5	30	15	56	28	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	20	11	23	2	5	23	50	34	30
2022	Métis	29	13	7	12	8	23	10	61	29	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	18	11	6	8	18	12	63	20	6140
2020	Indigenous	18	15	10	7	13	20	17	53	32	320
2020	First Nations	23	14	7	7	12	23	15	59	30	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	17	17	10	11	13	13	18	50	35	26
2020	Métis	14	17	13	7	16	15	19	47	34	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	19	12	7	8	16	10	63	21	6196
2019	Indigenous	24	14	13	11	6	21	10	56	26	328
2019	First Nations	30	8	16	9	6	23	8	55	22	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	28	9	13	4	20	10	62	24	28
2019	Métis	21	16	11	14	7	18	12	54	30	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	19	13	7	7	16	8	65	19	6009

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	305
2022	First Nations	16	84	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	30
2022	Métis	19	81	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	6130
2020	Indigenous	23	77	320
2020	First Nations	28	72	157
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	6201
2019	Indigenous	19	81	325
2019	First Nations	14	86	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	28
2019	Métis	26	74	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	6017
2018	Indigenous	25	75	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	6424

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	55
2022	First Nations	53	47	25
2022	Métis	32	68	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	665
2020	Indigenous	57	43	57
2020	First Nations	67	33	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	628
2019	Indigenous	46	54	58
2019	Métis	40	60	32
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	772
2018	Indigenous	49	51	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	875

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	39	55
2022	First Nations	65	35	25
2022	Métis	60	40	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	665
2020	Indigenous	70	30	57
2020	First Nations	69	31	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	34	628
2019	Indigenous	68	32	58
2019	Métis	72	28	32
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	42	772
2018	Indigenous	74	26	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	40	873

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	55
2022	First Nations	7	93	25
2022	Métis	9	91	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	665
2019	First Nations	0	100	21
2018	Indigenous	12	88	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	865

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	55
2022	First Nations	100	25
2022	Métis	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	665
2019	First Nations	100	21

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	55
2022	First Nations	13	87	25
2022	Métis	8	92	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	665
2020	Indigenous	18	82	57
2020	First Nations	16	84	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	628

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	55
2022	First Nations	13	87	25
2022	Métis	10	90	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	665
2020	Indigenous	6	94	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	628
2019	Indigenous	8	92	58
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	772
2018	Indigenous	12	88	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	866

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	55
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	665
2020	First Nations	0	100	33
2018	Indigenous	8	92	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	865

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	55
2022	First Nations	44	56	25
2022	Métis	53	47	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	665
2020	Indigenous	37	63	57
2020	First Nations	32	68	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	628
2019	Indigenous	40	60	57
2019	Métis	30	70	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	765
2018	Indigenous	42	58	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	868

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	55
2022	First Nations	46	54	25
2022	Métis	14	86	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	665
2020	Indigenous	49	51	57
2020	First Nations	43	57	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	628
2019	Indigenous	42	58	57
2019	Métis	44	56	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	765
2018	Indigenous	45	55	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	867

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	55
2022	First Nations	64	36	25
2022	Métis	42	58	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	665
2020	Indigenous	56	44	57
2020	First Nations	51	49	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	628
2019	Indigenous	29	71	57
2019	Métis	32	68	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	765
2018	Indigenous	47	53	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	867

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	55
2022	First Nations	51	49	25
2022	Métis	67	33	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	665
2020	Indigenous	62	38	57
2020	First Nations	56	44	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	628
2019	Indigenous	39	61	57
2019	Métis	37	63	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	765
2018	Indigenous	44	56	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	870

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	55
2022	First Nations	22	78	25
2022	Métis	33	67	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	665
2020	Indigenous	42	58	57
2020	First Nations	34	66	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	628
2019	Indigenous	31	69	57
2019	Métis	32	68	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	765
2018	Indigenous	43	57	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	863

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	55
2022	First Nations	78	22	25
2022	Métis	66	34	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	665
2020	Indigenous	58	42	57
2020	First Nations	65	35	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	628
2019	Indigenous	63	37	57
2019	Métis	59	41	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	42	765
2018	Indigenous	46	54	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	41	873

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	55
2022	First Nations	17	83	25
2022	Métis	40	60	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	665
2020	Indigenous	43	57	57
2020	First Nations	50	50	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	628
2019	Indigenous	36	64	57
2019	Métis	27	73	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	765
2018	Indigenous	31	69	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	872

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	55
2022	First Nations	0	100	25
2022	Métis	30	70	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	665
2019	Indigenous	0	100	57
2019	Métis	0	100	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	1	99	765
2018	Indigenous	0	100	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	862

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	55
2022	First Nations	10	90	25
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	665
2020	Indigenous	22	78	57
2020	First Nations	31	69	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	628
2019	Indigenous	13	87	57
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	765
2018	Indigenous	10	90	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	864

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	55
2022	First Nations	3	97	25
2022	Métis	0	100	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	665
2020	Indigenous	17	83	57
2020	First Nations	24	76	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	628
2019	Indigenous	7	93	57
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	765
2018	Indigenous	21	79	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	865

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	55
2022	First Nations	55	45	25
2022	Métis	71	29	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	665
2020	Indigenous	62	38	57
2020	First Nations	62	38	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	628
2019	Indigenous	45	55	57
2019	Métis	50	50	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	765
2018	Indigenous	60	40	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	865

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	55
2022	First Nations	27	73	25
2022	Métis	40	60	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	665
2020	Indigenous	33	67	57
2020	First Nations	41	59	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	628
2019	Indigenous	26	74	57
2019	Métis	26	74	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	765
2018	Indigenous	35	65	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	65	867

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	55
2022	First Nations	3	97	25
2022	Métis	10	90	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	665
2020	Indigenous	19	81	57
2020	First Nations	25	75	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	628
2019	Indigenous	20	80	57
2019	Métis	22	78	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	765
2018	Indigenous	16	84	75
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	864

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	55
2022	First Nations	37	63	25
2022	Métis	56	44	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	670
2020	Indigenous	43	57	57
2020	First Nations	52	48	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	628
2019	Indigenous	65	35	57
2019	Métis	67	33	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	764
2018	Indigenous	48	52	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	866

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	55
2022	First Nations	18	82	25
2022	Métis	18	82	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	670
2020	Indigenous	39	61	57
2020	First Nations	36	64	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	628
2019	Indigenous	42	58	57
2019	Métis	48	52	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	764
2018	Indigenous	23	77	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	68	866

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	55
2022	First Nations	4	96	25
2022	Métis	26	74	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	670
2020	Indigenous	13	87	57
2020	First Nations	22	78	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	628
2019	Indigenous	7	93	57
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	764
2018	Indigenous	8	92	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	863

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	55
2022	First Nations	15	85	25
2022	Métis	17	83	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	670
2020	Indigenous	25	75	57
2020	First Nations	22	78	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	628
2019	Indigenous	25	75	57
2019	Métis	37	63	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	764
2018	Indigenous	16	84	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	866

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	55
2022	First Nations	6	94	25
2022	Métis	11	89	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	670
2020	Indigenous	16	84	57
2020	First Nations	21	79	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	628
2019	Indigenous	17	83	57
2019	Métis	16	84	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	764
2018	Indigenous	12	88	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	863

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	55
2022	First Nations	12	88	25
2022	Métis	14	86	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	670
2020	Indigenous	14	86	57
2020	First Nations	20	80	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	628
2018	Indigenous	9	91	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	864

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	55
2022	First Nations	17	83	25
2022	Métis	3	97	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	670
2020	Indigenous	27	73	57
2020	First Nations	29	71	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	628
2019	Indigenous	26	74	57
2019	Métis	22	78	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	764
2018	Indigenous	24	76	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	865

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	55
2022	First Nations	7	93	25
2022	Métis	4	96	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	670
2020	Indigenous	11	89	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	628
2019	Indigenous	17	83	57
2019	Métis	24	76	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	764
2018	Indigenous	9	91	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	863

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	55
2022	First Nations	33	67	25
2022	Métis	40	60	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	670
2020	Indigenous	29	71	57
2020	First Nations	21	79	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	628
2019	Indigenous	21	79	57
2019	Métis	13	87	31
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	764
2018	Indigenous	33	67	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	868

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	50
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	7	93	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	620
2020	Indigenous	10	90	47
2020	First Nations	16	84	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	579
2018	Indigenous	9	91	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	825

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	50
2022	First Nations	17	83	20
2022	Métis	3	97	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	620
2020	Indigenous	20	80	47
2020	First Nations	31	69	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	579
2018	Indigenous	15	85	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	822

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	50
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	5	95	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	620
2018	Indigenous	8	92	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	822

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	50
2022	First Nations	6	94	20
2022	Métis	11	89	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	620
2020	Indigenous	8	92	47
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	579
2018	Indigenous	10	90	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	822

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	50
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	15	85	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	620
2020	Indigenous	22	78	47
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	579
2018	Indigenous	11	89	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	822

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	50
2022	First Nations	8	92	20
2022	Métis	2	98	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	620
2018	Indigenous	16	84	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	822

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	50
2022	First Nations	8	92	20
2022	Métis	5	95	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	620
2020	Indigenous	5	95	47
2020	First Nations	0	100	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	579
2018	Indigenous	9	91	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	823

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	50
2022	First Nations	15	85	20
2022	Métis	41	59	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	620
2020	Indigenous	16	84	47
2020	First Nations	0	100	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	579
2018	Indigenous	14	86	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	824

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	50
2022	First Nations	11	89	20
2022	Métis	21	79	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	620
2020	Indigenous	16	84	47
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	579
2018	Indigenous	13	87	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	823

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	50
2022	First Nations	37	63	20
2022	Métis	17	83	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	620
2020	Indigenous	49	51	47
2020	First Nations	53	47	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	579
2018	Indigenous	26	74	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	826

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	50
2022	First Nations	8	92	20
2022	Métis	22	78	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	620

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	50
2022	First Nations	45	55	20
2022	Métis	37	63	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	620
2020	Indigenous	68	32	47
2020	First Nations	68	32	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	579
2018	Indigenous	51	49	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	828

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	50
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	620
2020	Indigenous	0	100	47
2020	First Nations	0	100	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	579

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	50
2022	First Nations	64	36	20
2022	Métis	40	60	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	620
2020	Indigenous	67	33	47
2020	First Nations	68	32	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	41	579
2018	Indigenous	66	34	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	43	828

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	50
2022	First Nations	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	620

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	50
2022	First Nations	7	93	20
2022	Métis	13	87	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	620
2020	Indigenous	18	82	47
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	579
2018	Indigenous	11	89	69
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	823

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	21	19	12	12	22	5	42	33	305
2022	First Nations	11	24	21	7	12	22	4	47	25	145
2022	Métis	8	17	18	16	12	23	6	35	40	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	15	14	9	9	32	10	47	29	6135
2020	Indigenous	16	19	23	10	11	15	5	44	27	320
2020	First Nations	17	16	24	13	13	13	5	40	31	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	15	7	21	7	11	37	3	37	29	26
2020	Métis	15	24	23	8	11	15	4	49	23	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	20	18	9	7	23	5	53	22	6193
2019	Indigenous	21	19	22	11	7	16	4	49	23	326
2019	First Nations	22	17	19	12	6	20	5	52	24	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	32	11	5	5	11	0	76	12	27
2019	Métis	17	20	28	11	9	11	4	43	24	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	20	19	10	8	20	6	50	24	6009
2018	Indigenous	12	19	26	11	15	14	3	37	32	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	22	8	7	21	4	50	21	6405

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	35	16	9	8	7	1	64	18	305
2022	First Nations	21	37	16	5	11	9	1	65	18	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	43	9	3	3	12	0	83	6	30
2022	Métis	27	34	16	14	5	3	1	64	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	32	15	8	6	10	1	67	16	6135
2020	Indigenous	25	28	21	10	10	4	2	57	21	320
2020	First Nations	29	24	20	12	10	4	1	56	23	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	16	21	10	12	11	0	53	24	26
2020	Métis	20	35	21	8	9	3	4	59	18	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	32	17	7	5	7	0	68	13	6191
2019	Indigenous	38	29	16	7	5	5	0	69	13	327
2019	First Nations	37	25	15	10	5	9	0	68	16	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	28	2	0	5	0	0	92	5	27
2019	Métis	33	32	20	6	6	3	0	67	12	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	33	16	8	5	6	1	69	14	6010
2018	Indigenous	23	30	21	9	11	6	0	56	21	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	36	18	7	5	6	1	68	12	6399

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	305
2022	First Nations	12	88	145
2022	Métis	11	89	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	6125
2020	Indigenous	13	87	320
2020	First Nations	17	83	157
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	6196
2019	Indigenous	11	89	324
2019	Métis	13	87	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	6018
2018	Indigenous	14	86	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	6413

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	40
2022	First Nations	63	37	15
2022	Métis	45	55	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	395
2020	Indigenous	55	45	38
2020	First Nations	62	38	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	333
2019	Indigenous	36	64	39
2019	Métis	26	74	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	373
2018	Indigenous	41	59	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	362

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	83	17	40
2022	First Nations	80	20	15
2022	Métis	93	7	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	27	395
2020	Indigenous	89	11	38
2020	First Nations	85	15	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	22	333
2019	Indigenous	75	25	39
2019	Métis	73	27	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	26	373
2018	Indigenous	73	27	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	71	29	369

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	395
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	40
2022	First Nations	100	15
2022	Métis	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	395
2019	Métis	100	19

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	40
2022	First Nations	14	86	15
2022	Métis	23	77	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	395
2020	First Nations	0	100	20
2019	Indigenous	14	86	39
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	373

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	40
2022	First Nations	15	85	15
2022	Métis	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	395
2019	Indigenous	17	83	39
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	373
2018	Indigenous	17	83	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	361

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	395

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	40
2022	First Nations	70	30	15
2022	Métis	21	79	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	395
2020	Indigenous	56	44	38
2020	First Nations	56	44	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	333
2019	Indigenous	35	65	39
2019	Métis	29	71	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	371
2018	Indigenous	47	53	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	361

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	40
2022	First Nations	38	62	15
2022	Métis	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	395
2020	Indigenous	26	74	38
2020	First Nations	36	64	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	333
2019	Indigenous	20	80	39
2019	Métis	21	79	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	371
2018	Indigenous	31	69	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	362

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	40
2022	First Nations	42	58	15
2022	Métis	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	395
2018	Indigenous	20	80	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	362

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	395
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	40
2022	First Nations	45	55	15
2022	Métis	29	71	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	395
2020	Indigenous	53	47	38
2020	First Nations	54	46	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	333
2019	Indigenous	27	73	39
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	371
2018	Indigenous	10	90	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	76	361

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	40
2022	First Nations	9	91	15
2022	Métis	30	70	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	395
2020	Indigenous	50	50	38
2020	First Nations	54	46	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	58	333
2019	Indigenous	24	76	39
2019	Métis	31	69	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	371
2018	Indigenous	24	76	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	365

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	395
2019	Indigenous	0	100	39
2019	Métis	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	371

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	395
2020	Indigenous	0	100	38
2020	First Nations	0	100	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	333
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	40
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	395

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	40
2022	First Nations	9	91	15
2022	Métis	8	92	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	395
2020	Indigenous	10	90	38
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	333
2019	Indigenous	23	77	39
2019	Métis	20	80	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	371
2018	Indigenous	15	85	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	364

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	395
2020	First Nations	0	100	20
2019	Métis	0	100	19

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	40
2022	First Nations	42	58	15
2022	Métis	31	69	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	395
2018	Indigenous	16	84	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	361

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	40
2022	First Nations	100	15
2022	Métis	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	395
2020	Indigenous	100	38
2020	First Nations	100	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	333
2019	Indigenous	100	39
2019	Métis	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	371

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	40
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	27	73	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	395
2018	Indigenous	18	82	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	364

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	40
2022	First Nations	23	77	15
2022	Métis	46	54	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	395
2020	Indigenous	22	78	38
2020	First Nations	20	80	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	76	333
2019	Indigenous	35	65	38
2019	Métis	38	62	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	367
2018	Indigenous	49	51	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	366

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	40
2022	First Nations	4	96	15
2022	Métis	5	95	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	395
2020	Indigenous	11	89	38
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	333
2019	Indigenous	24	76	38
2019	Métis	43	57	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	367
2018	Indigenous	12	88	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	364

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	23	77	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	395
2018	Indigenous	12	88	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	364

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	395
2019	Indigenous	24	76	38
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	367
2018	Indigenous	20	80	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	366

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	395
2018	Indigenous	9	91	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	361

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	40
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	5	95	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	395
2020	Indigenous	11	89	38
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	333
2018	Indigenous	10	90	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	361

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	40
2022	First Nations	9	91	15
2022	Métis	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	395

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	40
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	395

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	40
2022	First Nations	72	28	15
2022	Métis	47	53	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	395
2020	Indigenous	60	40	38
2020	First Nations	53	47	20
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	333
2019	Indigenous	49	51	38
2019	Métis	39	61	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	367
2018	Indigenous	38	62	47
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	364

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	370

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	35
2022	First Nations	16	84	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	370
2018	Indigenous	25	75	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	346

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	11	89	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	370
2020	Indigenous	0	100	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	310

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	370
2020	Indigenous	0	100	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	310

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	370

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	35
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	370

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	35
2022	First Nations	10	90	15
2022	Métis	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	370

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	35
2022	First Nations	15	85	15
2022	Métis	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	370
2020	Indigenous	16	84	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	310
2018	Indigenous	13	87	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	347

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	35
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	20	80	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	370
2018	Indigenous	19	81	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	347

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	35
2022	First Nations	28	72	15
2022	Métis	49	51	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	370
2020	Indigenous	35	65	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	310
2018	Indigenous	34	66	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	348

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	35
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	14	86	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	370

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	35
2022	First Nations	41	59	15
2022	Métis	50	50	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	370
2020	Indigenous	53	47	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	310
2018	Indigenous	45	55	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	57	351

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	370

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	35
2022	First Nations	63	37	15
2022	Métis	44	56	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	33	370
2020	Indigenous	81	19	33
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	39	310
2018	Indigenous	66	34	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	353

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	35
2022	First Nations	5	95	15
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	370

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	35
2022	First Nations	7	93	15
2022	Métis	11	89	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	370
2018	Indigenous	13	87	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	346

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	16	20	9	6	29	7	45	24	305
2022	First Nations	12	20	22	9	6	23	7	46	22	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	12	37	10	0	20	0	40	13	30
2022	Métis	11	10	18	7	6	39	8	41	25	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	15	17	6	4	36	7	53	17	6135
2020	Indigenous	20	17	20	9	9	18	6	49	24	318
2020	First Nations	23	13	20	11	10	16	7	46	27	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	24	14	0	37	0	40	23	26
2020	Métis	17	23	20	7	9	17	7	53	21	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	21	19	5	3	28	5	60	12	6184
2019	Indigenous	21	19	23	6	5	22	4	55	15	328
2019	First Nations	27	13	19	7	3	25	6	58	14	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	30	19	5	5	15	0	67	11	28
2019	Métis	15	23	27	6	6	20	3	50	16	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	18	22	5	3	26	6	56	12	6000
2018	Indigenous	13	18	30	8	8	20	4	40	20	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	22	25	4	3	25	4	55	10	6408

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	30	15	9	6	11	1	67	16	305
2022	First Nations	25	32	14	11	6	12	0	65	19	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	39	14	5	0	12	0	78	6	30
2022	Métis	32	28	17	6	5	10	2	68	12	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	32	16	6	4	13	2	70	11	6135
2020	Indigenous	28	25	22	9	8	6	2	57	19	319
2020	First Nations	34	18	19	13	10	6	1	56	24	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	25	13	8	4	22	0	68	15	26
2020	Métis	21	32	26	6	8	4	4	57	15	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	32	18	5	3	9	1	72	9	6197
2019	Indigenous	39	29	16	5	5	5	1	72	11	327
2019	First Nations	39	25	14	7	6	8	1	70	14	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	16	19	0	5	0	0	76	5	28
2019	Métis	33	37	17	5	4	3	0	72	10	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	31	18	5	3	8	1	71	9	5992
2018	Indigenous	21	31	22	9	7	8	1	58	18	335
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	35	19	4	2	9	1	71	8	6386

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	305
2022	First Nations	11	89	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	96	30
2022	Métis	10	90	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	6135
2020	Indigenous	12	88	319
2020	First Nations	14	86	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	25
2020	Métis	10	90	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	6177
2019	Indigenous	16	84	325
2019	First Nations	16	84	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	28
2019	Métis	16	84	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	6021

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	40
2022	First Nations	43	57	20
2022	Métis	52	48	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	580
2020	Indigenous	60	40	42
2020	First Nations	74	26	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	502

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	25	40
2022	First Nations	74	26	20
2022	Métis	80	20	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	30	580
2020	Indigenous	73	27	42
2020	First Nations	68	32	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	80	20	501
2019	Indigenous	71	29	57
2019	Métis	74	26	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	23	691

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	33	16	7	0	0	77	7	30
2022	First Nations	58	34	8	0	0	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	33	33	25	8	0	0	67	8	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	37	6	5	3	2	85	9	430
2020	Indigenous	48	31	6	12	3	0	78	15	30
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	35	7	6	3	0	84	9	399
2019	Indigenous	58	20	9	11	2	0	78	13	41
2019	Métis	62	19	0	14	5	0	81	19	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	30	8	7	4	0	81	11	553

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	37	6	4	5	5	2	84	9	305
2022	First Nations	37	38	6	3	7	8	2	83	11	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	32	14	0	0	6	5	84	0	30
2022	Métis	49	35	5	5	3	1	1	87	8	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	33	9	6	3	3	3	80	10	6135
2020	Indigenous	38	27	12	11	8	3	1	68	20	320
2020	First Nations	36	25	15	8	12	4	0	64	21	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	46	8	3	0	2	9	88	4	26
2020	Métis	40	27	9	17	4	3	1	69	22	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	32	10	6	3	3	4	80	9	6189

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	35	14	11	11	180
2022	First Nations	32	33	13	10	11	90
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	21	25	25	14	15
2022	Métis	33	39	9	10	8	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	33	14	9	4	4330

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	86	14	270
2022	First Nations	84	16	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	87	13	25
2022	Métis	91	9	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	85	15	5545

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	270
2022	First Nations	44	56	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	59	25
2022	Métis	40	60	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	5535

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	270
2022	First Nations	50	50	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	33	25
2022	Métis	61	39	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	5535

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	270
2022	First Nations	48	52	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	36	25
2022	Métis	51	49	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	5535

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	270
2022	First Nations	29	71	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	54	25
2022	Métis	33	67	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	5535

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	57	270
2022	First Nations	46	54	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	77	25
2022	Métis	42	58	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	5535

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	270
2022	First Nations	26	74	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	25
2022	Métis	28	72	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	5535

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	270
2022	First Nations	47	53	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	25
2022	Métis	34	66	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	5535

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	270
2022	First Nations	39	61	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	75	25
2022	Métis	30	70	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	5535

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	270
2022	First Nations	45	55	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	59	25
2022	Métis	36	64	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	5535

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	270
2022	First Nations	45	55	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	40	25
2022	Métis	42	58	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	5535

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	270
2022	First Nations	4	96	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	2	98	25
2022	Métis	5	95	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	5535

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	270
2022	First Nations	12	88	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	25
2022	Métis	14	86	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	5535

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	12	10	4	3	2	11	80	8	270
2022	First Nations	49	14	13	6	3	3	12	74	10	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	8	26	3	0	2	20	63	3	25
2022	Métis	68	10	7	1	6	1	8	85	7	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	13	5	2	3	1	13	89	6	5545

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	15	15	13	28	4	13	50	32	270
2022	First Nations	16	11	16	11	30	5	12	49	32	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	32	31	11	9	0	17	24	39	25
2022	Métis	9	13	17	16	28	4	13	54	26	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	15	16	16	30	3	14	56	25	5545

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	23	23	12	21	6	5	37	37	270
2022	First Nations	12	21	24	13	24	4	2	39	35	135
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	27	38	13	6	0	11	21	36	25
2022	Métis	9	24	22	11	19	9	5	35	39	105
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	23	17	15	23	5	7	43	37	5545

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	30	9	3	5	1	83	8	305
2022	First Nations	52	28	12	1	6	1	81	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	35	2	3	0	4	95	3	30
2022	Métis	55	29	7	5	4	1	84	9	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	29	6	5	4	1	85	9	6140
2020	Indigenous	45	29	10	10	6	0	74	16	319
2020	First Nations	50	26	10	9	5	0	76	14	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	28	29	3	5	0	63	8	26
2020	Métis	40	33	7	13	7	0	73	20	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	32	9	7	4	0	81	11	6189

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	10	17	8	38	4	15	57	21	305
2022	First Nations	11	12	14	12	34	4	13	55	28	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	14	33	4	25	4	15	36	23	30
2022	Métis	3	6	20	5	45	4	16	63	11	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	5	12	8	46	5	22	74	10	6135

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	36	16	11	10	2	0	62	21	305
2022	First Nations	26	32	17	9	15	1	0	59	24	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	40	9	3	13	2	0	75	16	30
2022	Métis	21	41	16	16	3	3	0	64	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	41	15	9	6	3	0	69	16	6135
2020	Indigenous	36	29	15	11	6	1	2	66	18	318
2020	First Nations	36	26	14	14	8	2	1	64	22	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	47	13	5	5	0	0	78	9	26
2020	Métis	35	28	18	11	4	1	4	66	16	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	40	13	7	4	2	0	77	10	6196
2019	Indigenous	36	36	16	6	4	2	0	73	10	326
2019	First Nations	35	34	16	7	4	4	0	72	11	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	25	23	2	3	0	0	72	5	28
2019	Métis	34	40	15	5	5	0	0	74	10	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	40	16	8	4	2	0	72	12	6022
2018	Indigenous	24	39	16	11	8	3	0	64	19	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	41	16	9	4	3	0	70	14	6410

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	20	38	25	6	305
2022	First Nations	13	19	38	23	7	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	3	31	40	24	3	30
2022	Métis	9	22	37	25	7	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	27	36	21	6	6135

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	24	13	3	3	4	0	81	6	305
2022	First Nations	53	26	9	1	3	8	0	86	4	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	20	5	10	0	0	0	85	10	30
2022	Métis	54	21	19	3	4	0	0	75	6	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	27	10	5	3	2	1	82	8	6140
2020	Indigenous	46	25	10	12	5	1	0	72	18	319
2020	First Nations	42	24	7	15	10	2	1	68	25	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	27	13	12	0	0	0	75	12	26
2020	Métis	49	26	13	10	1	1	0	76	11	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	28	14	5	4	3	0	77	9	6168

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	21	10	11	12	1	0	66	24	305
2022	First Nations	42	24	12	5	16	0	1	67	21	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	19	11	15	2	4	0	70	18	30
2022	Métis	46	18	8	18	9	1	0	65	27	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	26	9	10	9	1	0	72	19	6140
2020	Indigenous	37	25	10	11	17	0	0	62	28	316
2020	First Nations	32	26	9	8	24	0	0	59	32	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	23	8	12	17	0	0	63	29	25
2020	Métis	42	23	12	13	9	0	0	65	23	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	29	12	13	8	1	0	67	21	6186

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	38	12	11	9	4	66	21	305
2022	First Nations	30	32	10	11	9	7	67	22	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	50	5	8	13	0	74	21	30
2022	Métis	21	46	15	12	6	0	67	18	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	39	13	12	7	1	66	20	6130
2020	Indigenous	30	31	14	12	13	1	61	25	318
2020	First Nations	30	25	13	16	15	1	56	32	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	25	40	11	0	0	49	11	26
2020	Métis	31	38	11	8	12	1	69	20	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	34	17	11	6	1	65	18	6201
2019	Indigenous	29	35	15	11	8	1	65	19	326
2019	First Nations	31	33	16	8	10	2	65	18	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	39	8	0	5	0	87	5	27
2019	Métis	23	37	16	16	8	0	60	23	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	37	18	13	7	1	62	20	6023
2018	Indigenous	19	34	21	12	12	2	54	25	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	38	19	13	7	1	60	21	6417

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	54	11	17	4	1	0	68	21	100
2022	First Nations	18	50	10	17	4	2	0	69	21	45
2022	Métis	13	56	11	18	3	0	0	68	21	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	49	13	17	6	2	0	64	23	2040
2020	Indigenous	20	46	6	11	17	0	0	66	28	90
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	44	15	17	6	0	1	62	23	2076
2019	Indigenous	21	41	12	10	17	0	0	61	27	85
2019	Métis	13	42	15	13	16	0	0	55	29	43
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	42	17	15	8	2	1	59	24	1866

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	26	13	12	28	1	1	46	40	305
2022	First Nations	23	25	12	13	28	0	0	47	41	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	39	9	7	21	2	2	62	29	30
2022	Métis	17	27	14	10	30	1	2	45	41	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	28	19	12	16	0	1	53	29	6115
2020	Indigenous	22	22	26	12	17	0	0	45	29	319
2020	First Nations	18	28	22	16	15	0	0	47	31	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	10	28	11	12	5	0	46	24	26
2020	Métis	27	18	28	8	20	0	0	44	27	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	28	21	13	14	0	0	52	27	6183
2019	Indigenous	15	20	23	17	24	0	0	35	42	327
2019	First Nations	19	18	26	11	26	0	1	37	37	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	23	31	13	8	0	0	48	21	27
2019	Métis	10	21	18	23	27	0	1	31	51	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	26	23	16	21	0	0	40	37	6021
2018	Indigenous	13	14	20	19	32	1	0	28	52	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	19	23	18	28	0	1	30	47	6423

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	32	25	10	10	0	1	55	20	305
2022	First Nations	23	33	26	11	5	0	0	57	17	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	31	16	0	10	0	4	73	11	30
2022	Métis	21	29	25	11	13	1	1	50	24	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	29	25	14	12	0	0	49	26	6110
2020	Indigenous	17	31	27	13	12	0	0	48	25	318
2020	First Nations	19	33	27	12	9	0	0	51	21	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	28	21	6	7	0	0	67	12	25
2020	Métis	11	30	27	15	17	0	0	41	32	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	27	26	17	11	0	0	46	28	6200
2019	Indigenous	26	26	25	12	11	0	0	52	23	325
2019	First Nations	31	23	25	10	11	0	0	54	21	140
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	41	12	23	7	0	0	58	29	28
2019	Métis	23	27	27	12	11	0	0	50	23	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	30	26	14	9	0	0	51	23	6018
2018	Indigenous	21	25	26	16	11	0	1	46	27	335
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	29	29	15	10	0	0	46	25	6414

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	32	21	7	6	0	3	65	13	305
2022	First Nations	34	32	20	6	5	0	2	67	12	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	25	19	3	0	0	6	77	3	30
2022	Métis	29	34	18	9	8	0	2	64	17	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	19	10	7	1	2	63	17	6115
2020	Indigenous	30	33	16	12	7	0	3	64	19	318
2020	First Nations	30	40	16	4	7	0	2	72	12	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	15	6	5	0	0	75	10	26
2020	Métis	27	25	15	21	7	0	4	55	29	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	12	6	0	1	61	18	6183
2019	Indigenous	34	29	17	10	7	1	1	65	17	325
2019	First Nations	36	27	20	9	6	0	2	64	15	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	35	7	2	0	0	0	91	2	28
2019	Métis	29	30	18	13	9	2	1	60	22	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	32	20	10	6	0	2	63	16	6003
2018	Indigenous	28	30	20	12	8	0	2	59	21	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	31	23	11	6	1	1	59	17	6393

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	24	22	14	16	0	2	47	31	305
2022	First Nations	30	19	22	13	17	0	0	49	29	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	27	20	10	2	0	12	63	14	30
2022	Métis	18	26	21	15	19	0	1	45	34	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	23	22	16	17	1	1	44	33	6120
2020	Indigenous	24	23	25	13	13	0	2	48	27	318
2020	First Nations	25	26	25	9	12	0	3	53	22	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	14	21	19	19	3	0	40	38	26
2020	Métis	24	21	24	17	15	0	0	44	32	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	24	21	16	12	0	2	50	28	6167
2019	Indigenous	27	22	24	11	16	1	0	50	26	327
2019	First Nations	28	22	24	9	17	0	0	51	26	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	33	19	7	14	0	0	61	21	28
2019	Métis	26	18	26	13	15	2	0	45	29	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	24	23	15	12	0	1	49	28	5996
2018	Indigenous	20	21	21	19	16	2	2	42	36	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	26	23	16	13	1	1	47	29	6403

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	23	12	5	4	0	3	78	9	305
2022	First Nations	56	26	8	5	3	0	1	84	8	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	10	10	0	0	4	79	11	30
2022	Métis	51	17	18	4	7	0	3	71	11	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	26	13	6	5	0	4	74	12	6125
2020	Indigenous	45	23	15	8	6	0	2	71	14	317
2020	First Nations	52	25	11	7	5	0	0	77	12	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	14	0	9	3	0	77	9	26
2020	Métis	36	21	19	10	8	1	5	61	19	125
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	27	16	8	6	0	2	70	14	6182
2019	Indigenous	48	25	14	5	5	1	1	75	11	324
2019	First Nations	56	22	12	5	5	0	0	78	10	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	24	18	10	5	0	0	67	15	27
2019	Métis	42	27	16	5	6	2	3	72	11	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	27	15	7	5	0	2	73	12	5998
2018	Indigenous	46	22	16	6	8	1	3	70	14	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	28	17	8	5	1	3	70	13	6403

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	34	22	10	8	0	0	59	19	305
2022	First Nations	29	27	27	13	5	0	0	56	17	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	53	6	9	13	0	0	72	22	30
2022	Métis	20	42	19	8	11	0	0	62	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	21	12	11	0	1	56	23	6125
2020	Indigenous	22	26	22	15	15	0	0	48	30	320
2020	First Nations	25	32	23	9	12	0	0	57	20	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	31	15	8	17	3	0	58	26	26
2020	Métis	20	19	22	23	17	0	0	38	40	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	27	24	13	12	0	0	51	25	6186
2019	Indigenous	27	27	19	15	11	2	0	55	26	328
2019	First Nations	30	29	21	10	10	0	0	60	19	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	32	2	25	7	5	0	64	34	28
2019	Métis	22	24	22	18	12	2	1	47	30	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	28	23	11	10	0	0	56	21	6013
2018	Indigenous	25	24	22	15	12	2	0	49	28	337
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	28	23	14	10	0	1	52	24	6413

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	35	18	8	6	1	1	68	14	305
2022	First Nations	32	37	20	4	5	1	1	70	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	25	4	33	5	0	2	57	39	30
2022	Métis	32	35	16	9	6	0	2	68	16	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	19	10	7	1	1	63	17	6115
2020	Indigenous	28	29	25	9	6	0	3	59	16	320
2020	First Nations	27	29	25	9	7	0	3	58	17	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	16	25	4	7	6	0	62	12	26
2020	Métis	26	31	24	10	5	0	4	59	16	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	34	20	10	4	0	1	65	14	6178
2019	Indigenous	30	37	18	7	6	1	0	68	14	327
2019	First Nations	33	37	19	6	5	0	1	71	10	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	51	6	2	2	0	0	90	4	28
2019	Métis	24	35	20	10	9	3	0	60	19	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	36	21	9	4	1	1	65	14	6003
2018	Indigenous	28	32	25	8	6	0	1	61	14	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	36	23	10	4	1	1	62	14	6400

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	37	16	13	5	0	1	66	18	305
2022	First Nations	27	38	20	9	6	1	0	65	15	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	23	3	17	2	0	2	77	20	30
2022	Métis	30	38	12	15	4	0	1	69	19	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	31	21	11	8	1	1	58	20	6125
2020	Indigenous	25	30	21	15	5	0	3	57	21	316
2020	First Nations	25	32	23	13	4	0	3	59	18	154
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	23	24	14	10	3	0	50	26	25
2020	Métis	25	28	20	18	5	0	4	56	24	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	34	22	11	6	0	1	60	18	6185
2019	Indigenous	28	33	18	13	6	1	0	62	19	325
2019	First Nations	33	26	21	12	8	0	0	59	20	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	46	12	2	2	0	0	84	4	28
2019	Métis	23	36	18	16	5	2	0	60	22	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	34	22	12	5	0	1	60	17	6009
2018	Indigenous	26	31	21	10	10	1	2	59	20	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	35	25	12	6	1	1	57	18	6401

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	35	15	7	6	0	1	71	14	305
2022	First Nations	29	42	14	7	7	0	1	72	14	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	36	9	2	0	0	2	88	3	30
2022	Métis	43	25	17	9	5	0	1	69	14	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	31	18	11	8	0	1	63	19	6130
2020	Indigenous	28	36	17	13	6	0	0	63	19	320
2020	First Nations	30	34	19	10	6	0	0	64	16	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	33	5	26	11	0	0	58	38	26
2020	Métis	26	37	16	14	6	0	0	64	20	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	19	11	5	0	0	64	17	6181
2019	Indigenous	37	25	20	11	6	1	0	63	17	325
2019	First Nations	37	26	22	10	5	0	0	63	15	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	23	13	5	4	0	0	78	9	28
2019	Métis	32	25	21	14	6	2	0	59	20	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	33	21	10	5	0	1	64	15	5998
2018	Indigenous	31	29	21	11	7	1	1	61	18	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	34	21	10	5	0	1	63	16	6398

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	27	15	7	11	0	0	67	18	305
2022	First Nations	42	33	12	5	8	0	0	75	13	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	25	10	2	20	0	2	67	23	30
2022	Métis	38	18	18	11	15	0	0	56	26	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	28	13	7	7	0	1	73	15	6125
2020	Indigenous	40	26	18	7	8	1	0	66	15	317
2020	First Nations	43	29	17	7	5	0	0	71	11	154
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	22	13	11	10	8	0	62	23	26
2020	Métis	36	25	21	8	11	0	0	61	18	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	29	14	9	5	0	0	72	14	6172
2019	Indigenous	47	24	12	10	6	1	0	72	16	326
2019	First Nations	49	22	11	12	6	0	0	71	18	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	26	8	2	2	0	0	88	4	28
2019	Métis	42	24	14	10	8	2	0	67	18	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	28	15	8	5	0	1	72	14	5994

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	28	10	7	5	0	78	12	305
2022	First Nations	49	31	7	8	5	0	80	12	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	29	9	5	5	2	81	10	30
2022	Métis	51	28	9	6	5	0	79	12	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	28	13	5	4	1	77	10	6120
2020	Indigenous	33	28	23	9	6	0	61	15	319
2020	First Nations	31	30	30	5	4	0	61	9	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	24	20	11	18	0	51	29	26
2020	Métis	36	27	16	14	7	0	64	21	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	30	22	10	5	1	62	16	6181

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	36	22	6	5	0	0	67	11	305
2022	First Nations	33	35	26	3	3	0	0	68	6	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	26	17	12	0	0	2	70	13	30
2022	Métis	31	37	17	7	8	0	0	68	15	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	32	20	9	6	0	1	65	15	6115
2020	Indigenous	28	35	20	8	7	0	2	64	16	318
2020	First Nations	32	39	18	6	5	0	0	71	11	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	18	6	9	0	0	67	15	26
2020	Métis	21	31	23	11	10	0	4	54	22	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	32	22	12	6	0	0	60	18	6185
2019	Indigenous	37	27	19	10	6	1	0	65	15	324
2019	First Nations	39	29	20	6	7	0	0	67	13	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	32	12	3	2	0	0	83	5	28
2019	Métis	32	26	21	14	5	2	0	59	20	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	33	18	8	4	0	1	69	13	5981
2018	Indigenous	29	26	27	9	7	1	1	57	16	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	33	22	10	5	1	1	63	15	6383

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	26	10	4	6	0	0	81	9	305
2022	First Nations	51	32	7	6	3	0	0	84	9	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	24	5	0	3	0	2	92	3	30
2022	Métis	59	18	14	2	7	0	0	77	9	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	25	12	5	4	0	1	79	9	6110
2020	Indigenous	43	28	19	6	3	1	0	72	9	318
2020	First Nations	48	25	18	4	4	0	0	74	8	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	7	29	6	0	5	0	63	7	26
2020	Métis	34	36	19	9	1	0	0	70	10	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	6	3	0	1	76	9	6170
2019	Indigenous	56	23	12	5	4	0	0	80	9	325
2019	First Nations	55	20	13	5	6	0	1	76	11	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	83	10	2	5	0	0	0	93	5	28
2019	Métis	52	28	12	4	3	0	0	80	8	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	26	13	5	3	0	1	78	8	5990
2018	Indigenous	46	28	12	6	6	1	1	76	12	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	27	14	6	3	0	1	76	9	6391

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	31	11	5	5	1	0	79	10	305
2022	First Nations	49	36	9	3	1	2	0	86	4	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	32	16	2	0	0	2	82	2	30
2022	Métis	47	22	13	8	10	0	0	70	17	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	30	12	6	4	0	0	78	10	6125
2020	Indigenous	27	32	21	11	7	0	2	61	18	315
2020	First Nations	26	39	21	7	7	0	0	66	14	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	33	23	11	7	0	0	60	18	25
2020	Métis	28	23	21	16	7	0	4	53	24	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	35	22	10	4	0	0	64	14	6169

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	17	4	1	3	0	7	91	4	305
2022	First Nations	64	21	5	1	1	0	8	93	2	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	86	10	0	0	0	0	4	100	0	30
2022	Métis	72	13	4	0	5	0	6	90	6	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	12	4	2	2	0	7	92	4	6130
2020	Indigenous	59	17	11	4	4	1	4	80	9	320
2020	First Nations	61	14	16	3	4	1	1	76	7	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	67	9	13	5	3	0	3	79	8	26
2020	Métis	57	21	5	4	4	1	7	85	10	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	3	1	1	5	89	5	6167
2019	Indigenous	72	13	7	2	2	0	2	88	5	323
2019	First Nations	74	12	8	1	3	1	2	88	4	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	78	11	11	0	0	0	0	89	0	28
2019	Métis	70	15	6	4	3	0	2	86	7	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	73	13	5	2	1	1	5	91	4	5977
2018	Indigenous	64	16	7	4	3	3	2	85	8	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	68	17	6	2	1	1	4	90	4	6385

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	12	6	7	4	1	3	83	11	305
2022	First Nations	72	12	5	7	3	0	1	85	10	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	74	15	2	5	0	0	4	93	5	30
2022	Métis	64	11	7	8	4	1	4	80	13	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	11	5	3	3	1	3	89	6	6125
2020	Indigenous	66	12	7	8	4	2	1	80	12	318
2020	First Nations	60	15	11	8	5	1	0	76	13	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	71	17	0	12	0	0	0	88	12	25
2020	Métis	72	8	4	8	3	4	2	84	12	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	11	6	3	3	0	2	89	6	6173
2019	Indigenous	68	17	7	3	4	0	0	85	8	327
2019	First Nations	68	17	7	3	4	0	1	86	7	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	83	8	5	0	5	0	0	91	5	28
2019	Métis	65	19	7	5	4	0	0	84	9	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	13	7	4	3	0	1	86	7	6007
2018	Indigenous	60	17	10	6	6	1	1	78	11	338
2018	Non-Indigenous	68	16	7	3	3	1	2	86	6	6392

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	30	10	3	2	2	85	5	305
2022	First Nations	55	31	8	3	1	1	88	4	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	32	6	2	0	2	92	2	30
2022	Métis	53	27	14	2	2	3	82	4	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	22	8	3	2	2	86	5	6120
2020	Indigenous	50	25	16	5	4	0	76	9	317
2020	First Nations	50	23	18	6	3	0	72	9	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	24	20	5	4	0	72	9	26
2020	Métis	51	27	12	3	5	1	80	8	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	25	8	3	2	1	86	6	6153
2019	Indigenous	51	30	7	6	5	0	82	11	326
2019	First Nations	56	27	9	4	3	1	84	7	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	61	19	0	7	13	0	80	20	28
2019	Métis	44	36	7	7	5	0	80	12	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	29	11	3	3	1	82	6	5991
2018	Indigenous	47	28	15	4	4	1	76	9	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	30	13	4	2	1	80	7	6423

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	15	9	6	5	0	2	80	11	300
2022	First Nations	72	6	9	8	4	0	1	80	12	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	26	7	6	0	0	2	87	6	30
2022	Métis	54	26	9	5	4	0	3	82	10	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	19	8	4	5	0	2	82	9	6105
2020	Indigenous	58	15	15	6	6	0	0	72	12	316
2020	First Nations	53	9	23	9	5	0	0	62	14	155
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	66	17	5	8	5	0	0	83	12	26
2020	Métis	59	21	7	4	7	0	1	82	11	126
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	19	10	5	4	0	1	81	9	6172
2019	Indigenous	57	21	11	6	4	0	0	78	11	326
2019	First Nations	61	13	12	8	5	0	1	74	13	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	71	25	3	0	2	0	0	95	2	28
2019	Métis	49	28	12	6	4	0	0	77	11	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	22	11	5	4	0	1	80	9	5982
2018	Indigenous	48	22	12	8	8	1	1	71	16	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	25	12	6	4	0	1	78	10	6407

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	10	4	2	1	0	15	92	4	305
2022	First Nations	73	11	4	2	0	0	11	94	2	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	84	5	0	2	0	0	9	97	3	30
2022	Métis	66	9	4	2	2	0	18	91	5	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	14	4	2	1	0	17	91	3	6115
2020	Indigenous	61	12	8	2	1	0	16	87	4	319
2020	First Nations	61	8	10	0	1	1	19	87	1	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	8	7	0	4	0	19	87	5	26
2020	Métis	59	17	5	4	1	0	13	88	6	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	16	6	2	1	0	15	88	4	6171
2019	Indigenous	67	11	4	2	1	0	16	92	3	324
2019	First Nations	64	9	2	2	0	0	23	95	2	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	77	5	0	5	3	0	10	92	8	28
2019	Métis	67	14	6	2	1	0	11	91	2	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	14	7	2	1	0	17	87	4	5966
2018	Indigenous	56	12	7	1	2	1	21	87	4	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	17	7	2	1	0	20	86	4	6388

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	19	7	1	1	0	3	91	2	305
2022	First Nations	71	18	7	1	1	0	3	91	1	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	83	10	5	0	0	0	2	95	0	30
2022	Métis	70	19	6	1	2	0	3	91	3	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	19	7	2	1	1	4	89	4	6110
2020	Indigenous	60	25	11	2	1	0	1	86	3	319
2020	First Nations	65	19	13	2	0	0	0	85	2	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	29	20	0	2	0	0	78	2	25
2020	Métis	55	31	8	3	2	0	2	87	5	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	21	8	2	1	0	2	88	4	6182
2019	Indigenous	67	18	8	2	2	0	3	87	5	327
2019	First Nations	62	16	11	3	3	0	4	82	7	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	81	10	2	5	2	0	0	91	7	28
2019	Métis	69	21	6	1	1	0	1	92	2	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	21	8	2	1	0	3	89	3	5977
2018	Indigenous	58	24	9	2	2	1	4	86	5	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	24	9	2	1	0	4	88	3	6402

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	18	9	3	9	0	1	80	11	305
2022	First Nations	60	21	9	3	6	0	1	81	10	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	82	8	6	2	2	0	0	89	4	30
2022	Métis	65	14	8	2	11	0	1	79	13	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	16	7	4	6	0	2	83	11	6130
2020	Indigenous	60	21	9	5	5	0	1	82	9	319
2020	First Nations	63	22	7	3	5	0	0	85	8	156
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	21	10	3	0	5	0	86	3	26
2020	Métis	54	22	12	7	5	0	1	76	11	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	15	7	4	4	0	1	85	8	6198
2019	Indigenous	70	14	7	3	5	0	2	85	8	326
2019	First Nations	72	13	6	4	4	0	2	86	8	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	96	0	0	2	2	0	0	96	4	28
2019	Métis	63	18	8	2	7	0	1	82	9	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	4	5	0	2	85	8	6003
2018	Indigenous	63	13	7	7	7	0	3	79	14	341
2018	Non-Indigenous	64	16	7	5	5	1	2	82	10	6417

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	36	12	4	1	0	1	83	5	305
2022	First Nations	42	43	9	4	1	0	2	86	5	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	25	18	2	3	0	0	77	5	30
2022	Métis	52	31	13	3	1	0	1	83	4	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	28	13	4	2	0	2	80	7	6130
2020	Indigenous	47	29	14	5	3	1	0	77	8	319
2020	First Nations	46	29	19	2	4	0	0	75	6	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	27	23	6	0	8	0	68	6	26
2020	Métis	50	30	8	9	2	1	1	81	11	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	32	14	6	3	0	0	77	8	6195
2019	Indigenous	55	24	13	4	2	0	1	80	7	326
2019	First Nations	55	23	15	5	1	0	2	79	6	142
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	71	9	7	7	5	0	0	81	12	28
2019	Métis	52	27	14	3	3	0	0	79	7	145
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	29	12	4	2	0	1	83	6	5987
2018	Indigenous	43	34	11	5	4	1	2	79	9	340
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	31	14	4	2	0	1	79	6	6403

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	33	39	14	4	1	43	17	305
2022	First Nations	8	35	39	14	1	2	45	15	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	29	37	0	3	0	61	3	30
2022	Métis	12	29	38	13	8	0	41	21	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	32	39	14	6	0	41	20	6135
2020	Indigenous	12	31	39	13	4	0	43	18	320
2020	First Nations	12	32	41	11	4	0	44	15	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	18	20	50	12	0	0	38	12	26
2020	Métis	12	31	33	17	6	1	43	23	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	34	36	13	5	0	46	18	6202
2019	Indigenous	14	36	29	16	4	0	50	20	328
2019	First Nations	18	36	25	17	4	0	55	21	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	8	51	33	7	2	0	58	9	28
2019	Métis	11	34	32	17	5	0	45	22	146
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	36	33	12	5	0	51	17	6027
2018	Indigenous	14	28	36	16	6	0	41	22	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	34	36	14	5	0	46	18	6434

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	16	40	24	9	0	33	26	305
2022	First Nations	7	18	47	21	7	1	28	25	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	16	36	15	23	0	38	26	30
2022	Métis	13	13	31	29	13	0	42	26	120
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	40	20	10	0	31	29	6125
2020	Indigenous	10	24	42	16	8	0	25	33	320
2020	First Nations	7	22	42	19	11	0	30	29	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	9	20	47	15	7	3	22	29	26
2020	Métis	14	25	43	13	6	0	19	38	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	20	39	22	9	0	31	29	6189
2019	Indigenous	12	13	40	20	15	0	34	26	324
2019	First Nations	9	18	34	24	15	0	39	27	141
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	7	34	14	33	0	47	19	28
2019	Métis	14	10	48	17	11	0	28	25	144
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	18	38	24	12	0	36	26	5997
2018	Indigenous	14	15	40	19	10	1	30	30	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	17	38	24	11	0	36	26	6386

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	41	13	0	305
2022	First Nations	45	44	11	0	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	36	40	0	30
2022	Métis	46	40	14	0	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	50	16	1	6135
2020	Indigenous	41	38	21	1	320
2020	First Nations	37	40	23	1	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	50	14	3	26
2020	Métis	45	35	21	0	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	41	18	1	6208

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	115
2022	First Nations	33	67	55
2022	Métis	29	71	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	1770
2020	Indigenous	27	73	123
2020	First Nations	26	74	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	2275

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	15	12	9	8	5	9	66	20	305
2022	First Nations	45	16	14	6	7	3	9	69	15	145
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	18	7	0	5	28	4	82	7	30
2022	Métis	36	14	12	15	9	5	10	59	27	125
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	18	11	6	6	3	15	73	14	6135
2020	Indigenous	39	17	13	11	13	2	4	60	26	320
2020	First Nations	42	21	10	9	13	2	4	66	23	157
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	3	14	3	13	6	3	67	18	26
2020	Métis	34	15	15	15	13	3	5	53	30	128
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	19	14	7	7	1	7	69	16	6204
2019	Indigenous	34	20	15	11	17	0	3	55	29	324
2019	First Nations	36	20	11	16	15	1	2	58	31	143
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	23	18	2	5	0	15	70	9	28
2019	Métis	30	19	18	8	22	1	2	51	31	143
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	20	16	10	11	1	6	61	22	5966
2018	Indigenous	32	19	18	8	17	1	5	54	27	339
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	18	16	12	12	2	7	57	25	6422

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	22	11	26	26	1	3	35	53	115
2022	First Nations	9	25	7	29	23	1	5	37	56	55
2022	Métis	14	16	14	22	31	2	0	31	55	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	16	23	28	2	2	30	53	1770
2020	Indigenous	10	19	17	11	40	1	1	30	52	123
2020	First Nations	13	11	19	13	39	3	1	25	55	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	24	15	22	25	1	3	35	49	2271

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	14	20	29	26	2	1	22	57	115
2022	First Nations	10	11	20	29	28	2	0	21	58	55
2022	Métis	3	17	20	31	27	2	0	20	59	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	18	15	24	33	1	2	25	59	1765
2020	Indigenous	10	15	16	13	44	1	1	25	58	123
2020	First Nations	10	11	14	17	47	2	0	22	64	57
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	19	16	23	34	1	2	25	58	2275

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Fisheries and Oceans Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources