2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canada Revenue Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented by key people management themes (i.e., employee engagement, leadership, workforce, workplace). Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Employee engagement
- Employee engagement
Leadership
- Immediate supervisor
- Senior management
Workforce
Workplace
Workplace well-being
Compensation
- Pay or other compensation issues
- Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

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Employee engagement

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	36	8	6	3	84	9	1120
2022	First Nations	51	34	8	5	2	85	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	0	7	0	15	79	15	15
2022	Métis	47	37	7	6	3	84	9	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	36	9	4	2	84	6	33545
2020	Indigenous	43	35	11	7	4	79	10	990
2020	Métis	43	37	11	7	3	79	10	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	39	10	6	3	81	8	29195
2019	Indigenous	40	36	11	8	5	76	13	1118
2019	First Nations	38	35	12	9	5	74	14	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	45	0	0	11	89	11	15
2019	Métis	40	37	10	7	5	77	12	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	40	12	6	4	78	10	27862
2018	Indigenous	37	41	11	7	4	78	12	1048
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	43	12	7	4	76	11	26325

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	33	12	8	6	0	0	74	14	1120
2022	First Nations	43	32	12	9	4	0	0	75	13	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	28	7	8	0	0	0	85	8	15
2022	Métis	40	34	12	7	7	1	0	74	14	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	35	11	6	4	0	0	80	10	33540
2020	Indigenous	37	34	13	10	6	0	0	71	16	989
2020	Métis	37	32	13	12	5	0	0	69	18	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	37	13	8	4	0	0	75	12	29117
2019	Indigenous	32	32	14	13	8	0	0	64	21	1118
2019	First Nations	32	32	14	13	8	0	1	64	21	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	29	17	16	6	0	6	58	24	15
2019	Métis	32	33	14	12	9	0	0	65	21	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	37	15	10	6	0	0	69	16	27800
2018	Indigenous	27	37	14	14	7	0	0	64	22	1051
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	38	15	11	7	0	0	67	18	26376

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	28	8	2	1	0	88	3	1120
2022	First Nations	63	26	9	2	0	0	89	2	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	0	22	7	0	0	71	7	15
2022	Métis	60	29	7	3	1	0	89	4	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	29	8	2	1	0	90	3	33535
2020	Indigenous	59	26	10	2	2	0	86	4	983
2020	Métis	58	28	10	3	1	0	86	4	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	31	8	2	1	0	88	4	28942
2019	Indigenous	55	29	10	4	2	1	84	6	1111
2019	First Nations	53	29	11	5	1	1	83	6	452
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	20	11	0	6	6	81	7	15
2019	Métis	56	29	9	4	2	0	85	6	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	33	10	3	2	0	85	5	27649
2018	Indigenous	54	30	9	4	1	0	85	6	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	35	10	3	2	0	85	5	26230

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	34	8	4	2	85	7	1120
2022	First Nations	55	32	7	3	2	88	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	15	15	0	0	85	0	15
2022	Métis	49	35	9	6	2	83	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	34	8	3	2	87	5	33550
2020	Indigenous	50	33	9	4	3	83	7	987
2020	Métis	46	37	9	5	3	83	7	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	36	9	4	2	85	6	29182
2019	Indigenous	47	33	11	6	3	80	9	1116
2019	First Nations	45	34	11	7	3	79	10	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	29	0	5	6	89	11	15
2019	Métis	48	32	10	5	4	81	9	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	38	11	5	2	82	7	27839
2018	Indigenous	44	37	9	6	3	81	9	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	40	11	5	3	80	8	26409

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	27	9	5	4	83	9	1120
2022	First Nations	59	27	8	5	3	85	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	22	15	0	0	85	0	15
2022	Métis	52	28	10	5	5	80	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	29	8	4	2	86	6	33535
2020	Indigenous	50	31	11	4	4	81	8	986
2020	Métis	50	32	11	4	4	82	7	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	31	10	4	2	84	6	29053
2019	Indigenous	45	30	13	7	5	75	12	1117
2019	First Nations	44	30	14	7	5	73	12	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	40	0	0	6	94	6	15
2019	Métis	45	31	13	7	5	76	12	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	32	13	6	4	78	10	27800
2018	Indigenous	40	31	16	7	5	72	12	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	33	14	6	5	75	11	26301

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	30	8	6	4	81	11	1120
2022	First Nations	54	30	7	6	4	84	9	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	21	15	0	0	85	0	15
2022	Métis	48	30	9	7	5	79	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	31	8	5	3	84	8	33540
2020	Indigenous	46	34	10	5	4	81	9	986
2020	Métis	45	35	11	6	3	81	9	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	34	10	4	2	84	7	28916
2019	Indigenous	41	31	13	9	5	72	15	1113
2019	First Nations	40	31	13	10	5	72	15	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	48	0	5	6	89	11	15
2019	Métis	42	31	13	8	6	73	14	606
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	34	13	7	4	77	10	27653
2018	Indigenous	38	34	15	8	5	72	13	1050
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	36	14	7	4	74	12	26187

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	21	17	9	6	5	0	66	16	1120
2022	First Nations	44	22	15	8	6	5	0	70	14	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	22	14	7	0	18	0	74	8	15
2022	Métis	40	20	18	10	7	5	0	63	18	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	26	15	7	5	5	0	72	12	33550
2020	Indigenous	41	24	16	10	6	2	0	67	16	990
2020	Métis	42	25	16	10	5	2	0	68	16	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	26	16	8	4	3	0	71	12	29147
2019	Indigenous	35	22	19	13	8	3	1	58	22	1117
2019	First Nations	35	20	20	11	10	4	0	57	22	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	25	0	17	16	0	0	66	34	15
2019	Métis	35	22	19	14	7	3	1	59	21	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	25	18	10	7	3	0	64	17	27865
2018	Indigenous	31	26	21	11	8	3	0	60	19	1059
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	26	19	10	7	3	0	62	18	26362

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Leadership

Immediate supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	25	14	4	2	2	8	78	7	1120
2022	First Nations	46	24	14	4	2	3	7	78	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	20	16	7	0	8	0	75	8	15
2022	Métis	45	26	14	4	2	1	9	78	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	25	13	3	2	2	9	80	6	33520
2020	Indigenous	42	24	19	4	4	2	6	71	8	989
2020	Métis	42	26	18	4	3	2	6	74	7	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	25	15	4	2	2	6	77	6	29163
2019	Indigenous	40	22	20	7	5	1	6	67	12	1120
2019	First Nations	37	23	20	8	5	1	6	64	14	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	17	13	0	0	0	10	86	0	15
2019	Métis	43	20	19	6	4	1	6	68	11	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	26	17	4	3	1	6	74	8	27832

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	24	7	5	2	1	1	86	7	1120
2022	First Nations	63	21	7	5	2	1	1	86	7	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	78	15	0	0	0	7	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	59	26	8	5	2	0	1	85	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	27	6	3	2	1	1	89	5	33470
2020	Indigenous	52	28	11	5	4	0	0	80	9	991
2020	Métis	51	28	10	7	3	0	0	80	10	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	29	8	4	2	1	1	86	6	29141
2019	Indigenous	51	28	9	6	5	1	0	80	10	1115
2019	First Nations	51	30	9	5	4	1	0	82	9	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	11	22	6	0	0	0	71	6	15
2019	Métis	52	27	9	6	5	1	0	80	11	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	30	9	5	3	1	0	83	8	27719
2018	Indigenous	48	30	9	7	5	1	0	78	13	1043
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	32	9	6	3	1	0	81	10	26210

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	23	6	4	2	0	88	6	1120
2022	First Nations	66	22	5	5	2	0	88	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	85	7	8	0	0	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	62	24	7	3	2	1	87	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	23	6	3	2	0	89	5	33540
2020	Indigenous	62	23	5	4	4	0	86	8	990
2020	Métis	60	26	5	5	3	1	87	8	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	24	7	4	2	1	87	6	29209
2019	Indigenous	56	26	8	5	5	0	82	10	1122
2019	First Nations	55	27	8	4	6	0	81	10	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	17	6	6	6	0	81	13	15
2019	Métis	57	25	9	5	4	0	83	9	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	27	8	5	3	0	85	7	27872
2018	Indigenous	52	26	10	5	6	0	79	11	1049
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	29	10	5	4	0	80	10	26293

Senior management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	24	12	5	4	9	1	77	10	1120
2022	First Nations	46	23	13	4	3	10	1	78	8	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	14	8	0	0	11	0	91	0	15
2022	Métis	43	25	11	5	5	9	1	76	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	26	12	4	3	11	1	80	7	33545
2020	Indigenous	45	27	12	5	6	4	1	76	11	990
2020	Métis	44	28	13	5	5	5	1	76	11	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	28	12	5	3	8	1	78	8	29202
2019	Indigenous	37	28	14	8	7	6	0	70	16	1123
2019	First Nations	40	27	14	7	7	5	0	71	15	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	34	6	0	6	0	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	35	29	13	9	7	7	0	69	17	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	31	14	6	4	7	0	73	11	27870
2018	Indigenous	33	29	14	9	8	7	0	67	19	1059
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	31	16	8	6	6	0	68	14	26435

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	28	12	7	7	4	0	74	14	1120
2022	First Nations	45	29	11	5	5	4	0	77	11	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	21	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	41	28	11	8	8	4	0	72	16	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	29	13	6	5	5	0	74	12	33545
2020	Indigenous	41	31	13	7	7	1	0	73	14	989
2020	Métis	40	30	14	8	6	1	0	71	14	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	32	13	7	4	3	0	75	11	29135
2019	Indigenous	34	30	15	10	8	3	0	66	19	1121
2019	First Nations	36	29	14	10	7	3	0	67	18	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	43	6	0	6	0	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	33	30	15	10	8	3	1	66	19	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	32	16	9	6	3	0	68	16	27793
2018	Indigenous	29	30	16	13	9	3	0	61	22	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	17	11	8	3	0	63	19	26352

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	29	14	10	8	7	1	66	19	1120
2022	First Nations	32	30	14	10	6	7	1	68	17	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	21	8	0	0	18	0	91	0	15
2022	Métis	30	29	13	10	9	8	0	65	21	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	29	16	9	6	8	1	67	16	33545
2020	Indigenous	31	33	17	9	7	2	0	66	17	984
2020	Métis	31	32	17	11	7	3	0	65	18	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	16	9	4	6	0	69	14	29133
2019	Indigenous	27	29	18	12	9	6	0	59	22	1118
2019	First Nations	28	31	16	10	8	6	0	63	20	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	37	13	6	6	0	0	75	13	15
2019	Métis	26	27	19	13	9	5	0	56	23	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	31	20	12	7	6	0	59	20	27769
2018	Indigenous	21	31	18	15	11	4	0	54	27	1050
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	31	20	14	9	5	0	54	24	26352

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	33	12	10	7	4	69	18	1120
2022	First Nations	34	33	12	9	7	4	71	16	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	43	0	0	0	11	100	0	15
2022	Métis	32	33	12	11	7	5	68	19	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	33	13	9	6	4	71	15	33545
2020	Indigenous	29	36	12	13	7	2	67	21	993
2020	Métis	29	35	13	15	7	2	64	23	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	37	14	10	4	3	70	15	29177
2019	Indigenous	26	31	16	13	10	3	60	24	1119
2019	First Nations	27	33	15	13	9	3	61	23	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	40	13	6	6	0	75	13	15
2019	Métis	27	30	16	13	11	3	59	24	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	34	17	13	7	3	61	21	27816
2018	Indigenous	20	32	16	16	12	3	54	29	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	33	18	15	9	3	56	25	26391

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Workforce

Performance management

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	34	12	9	5	0	0	74	14	1120
2022	First Nations	40	37	12	7	4	0	0	77	11	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	15	14	0	8	0	0	78	8	15
2022	Métis	39	32	13	9	6	0	0	72	15	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	35	13	7	4	0	0	76	11	33560
2020	Indigenous	35	33	15	11	6	0	0	68	17	987
2020	Métis	35	33	15	11	6	0	0	68	17	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	37	14	9	4	0	0	73	13	29182
2019	Indigenous	29	34	15	12	9	1	0	63	22	1119
2019	First Nations	29	32	17	12	9	0	1	62	21	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	35	11	6	6	0	6	75	13	15
2019	Métis	28	35	14	13	9	1	0	63	22	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	38	16	11	6	0	0	66	18	27852
2018	Indigenous	24	32	19	13	11	0	0	57	24	1061
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	36	18	12	9	0	0	61	21	26380

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	40	4	4	1	91	6	1120
2022	First Nations	53	38	3	4	1	92	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	14	7	0	0	93	0	15
2022	Métis	50	40	4	5	1	90	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	37	5	4	1	89	5	33530
2020	Indigenous	42	38	9	8	3	79	11	983
2020	Métis	39	40	9	10	3	79	12	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	41	9	6	2	83	8	29013
2019	Indigenous	37	41	10	9	4	78	13	1117
2019	First Nations	35	43	10	8	4	78	11	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	58	6	0	11	83	11	15
2019	Métis	39	38	10	10	3	77	13	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	43	10	7	3	80	10	27712
2018	Indigenous	33	41	12	9	4	75	13	1061
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	43	12	8	3	76	12	26419

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	27	9	7	3	0	1	81	10	1120
2022	First Nations	56	26	7	6	2	0	1	84	9	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	29	0	0	0	0	7	100	0	15
2022	Métis	52	27	10	7	4	1	0	79	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	29	8	4	2	1	1	86	7	33535
2020	Indigenous	49	28	11	6	4	0	1	78	11	991
2020	Métis	48	30	9	7	4	1	1	79	11	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	30	10	5	3	1	1	82	8	29141
2019	Indigenous	44	28	13	8	6	0	0	73	14	1119
2019	First Nations	44	29	14	7	5	0	0	73	13	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	34	6	6	10	0	6	76	17	15
2019	Métis	45	27	13	9	5	1	1	73	14	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	32	12	6	4	1	1	78	10	27840
2018	Indigenous	41	33	12	7	6	1	0	75	14	1047
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	35	11	7	4	1	0	77	11	26307

Job fit and development

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	39	9	10	4	0	78	13	1120
2022	First Nations	42	37	7	10	4	0	79	14	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	20	0	14	7	0	79	21	15
2022	Métis	36	41	10	10	3	0	77	13	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	40	8	7	3	0	82	10	33515
2020	Indigenous	34	40	10	10	6	1	74	16	988
2020	Métis	35	40	10	9	5	1	76	14	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	42	10	9	3	1	77	12	29097
2019	Indigenous	30	39	11	14	6	0	69	20	1112
2019	First Nations	29	41	10	15	5	0	70	20	451
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	41	16	0	11	0	73	11	15
2019	Métis	31	38	13	14	5	0	68	19	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	43	11	13	5	0	72	17	27765
2018	Indigenous	23	47	8	14	7	0	70	22	1064
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	47	9	14	5	0	72	19	26461

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	21	10	4	2	2	1	84	6	1120
2022	First Nations	62	20	9	4	1	3	1	85	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	85	8	0	0	0	7	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	59	21	10	5	2	2	1	82	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	23	9	3	2	2	1	85	5	33515
2020	Indigenous	52	24	12	5	4	2	1	78	9	988
2020	Métis	51	26	11	6	4	1	1	78	10	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	23	12	4	3	2	2	81	7	29101

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	32	12	8	5	2	73	14	1120
2022	First Nations	42	30	13	8	4	3	74	12	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	8	15	7	0	7	77	7	15
2022	Métis	37	33	12	9	7	2	72	16	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	35	12	7	4	2	76	12	33550
2020	Indigenous	34	32	15	9	8	2	67	18	988
2020	Métis	33	31	13	12	9	2	65	21	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	15	9	5	2	69	15	29119
2019	Indigenous	31	30	14	12	11	2	63	23	1119
2019	First Nations	31	32	15	10	9	2	65	20	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	29	5	13	6	0	76	19	15
2019	Métis	31	29	13	14	11	1	61	25	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	33	17	11	8	2	63	20	27822
2018	Indigenous	25	31	15	16	10	2	58	27	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	34	18	13	9	2	59	23	26328

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	22	13	5	5	1	4	77	10	1120
2022	First Nations	50	22	12	5	5	1	4	77	11	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	25	13	22	7	0	0	59	28	15
2022	Métis	52	22	13	4	5	1	4	78	9	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	21	10	3	3	1	6	82	7	33540
2020	Indigenous	52	21	13	5	5	1	3	76	10	992
2020	Métis	52	22	14	6	4	0	2	75	11	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	21	11	4	3	1	4	81	7	29227
2019	Indigenous	50	23	14	5	4	1	3	76	9	1117
2019	First Nations	48	23	15	5	3	1	3	75	9	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	19	10	6	6	0	5	76	13	15
2019	Métis	50	24	14	5	4	1	3	76	9	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	23	11	4	3	1	4	81	8	27840

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	21	12	4	3	2	3	79	8	1120
2022	First Nations	55	21	12	4	3	3	2	79	8	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	7	36	7	0	0	0	57	7	15
2022	Métis	53	22	12	4	4	2	4	80	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	22	11	4	3	2	5	81	7	33530
2020	Indigenous	51	24	13	5	4	2	2	78	9	990
2020	Métis	52	24	13	5	3	1	1	78	9	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	24	13	5	2	1	4	79	8	29175
2019	Indigenous	46	25	15	6	4	2	3	74	10	1115
2019	First Nations	43	24	16	7	4	2	4	71	12	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	31	19	0	0	0	0	81	0	14
2019	Métis	47	25	14	6	3	2	3	75	9	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	24	15	6	3	2	3	75	10	27787

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	7	4	1	3	3	4	91	5	1120
2022	First Nations	75	10	3	1	4	5	3	92	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	73	14	6	0	0	7	0	93	0	15
2022	Métis	78	6	4	2	3	3	5	90	5	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	7	3	2	2	5	6	92	4	33515
2020	Indigenous	75	9	5	2	3	4	2	90	5	990
2020	Métis	77	10	4	3	2	3	1	91	5	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	9	4	2	2	4	4	91	4	29090
2019	Indigenous	71	9	6	3	3	4	4	87	7	1112
2019	First Nations	72	8	6	3	2	4	4	88	6	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	80	7	7	0	7	0	0	87	7	14
2019	Métis	71	9	6	3	4	4	3	86	8	603
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	10	5	2	3	4	4	89	6	27741

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	9	3	2	4	2	8	90	7	1120
2022	First Nations	72	9	3	2	3	2	9	91	6	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	8	20	7	0	0	0	72	7	15
2022	Métis	74	7	4	3	4	2	7	89	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	7	3	1	1	2	12	94	3	33525
2020	Indigenous	74	11	5	2	2	2	4	90	4	990
2020	Métis	74	12	7	2	1	1	3	90	3	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	10	4	1	1	2	7	92	3	29119
2019	Indigenous	74	8	4	3	2	2	7	91	5	1116
2019	First Nations	73	7	3	3	2	3	9	91	6	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	94	0	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	75	9	4	2	3	1	6	91	5	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	7	3	1	1	2	9	93	3	27735

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	34	10	12	9	2	1	69	21	1120
2022	First Nations	33	36	11	8	8	3	1	72	17	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	6	0	29	8	0	0	63	37	15
2022	Métis	30	33	9	14	10	2	1	66	25	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	34	10	9	7	2	1	72	17	33545
2020	Indigenous	30	27	16	12	11	2	2	60	24	991
2020	Métis	28	28	14	13	14	1	2	58	27	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	31	14	12	9	2	2	63	22	29196
2019	Indigenous	31	26	13	13	15	2	1	58	28	1121
2019	First Nations	29	29	13	13	13	2	1	60	26	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	17	0	13	13	0	6	73	27	15
2019	Métis	31	24	14	13	16	1	1	56	30	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	30	15	13	12	2	1	59	26	27867
2018	Indigenous	24	28	13	16	17	1	1	53	34	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	30	16	14	13	1	1	56	28	26325

Empowerment

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	33	13	10	6	0	0	71	16	1120
2022	First Nations	37	35	13	10	5	0	0	72	15	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	29	7	0	7	0	0	87	7	15
2022	Métis	38	32	13	11	6	0	0	70	17	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	35	13	8	5	0	1	74	13	33510
2020	Indigenous	35	34	13	11	7	0	1	70	17	981
2020	Métis	35	33	14	11	6	0	0	68	18	539
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	37	14	9	4	1	1	72	14	29031
2019	Indigenous	30	33	15	13	9	0	0	63	21	1116
2019	First Nations	31	33	15	12	8	0	0	64	21	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	32	24	0	6	0	0	70	6	15
2019	Métis	30	31	15	13	9	0	1	62	22	606
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	37	15	11	6	0	0	67	18	27715
2018	Indigenous	26	35	16	12	10	0	0	61	23	1051
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	37	16	12	8	0	0	64	20	26326

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	31	14	6	4	0	0	75	11	1120
2022	First Nations	45	31	14	6	4	0	1	76	10	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	30	7	0	7	0	0	86	7	15
2022	Métis	43	31	15	6	4	1	0	75	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	33	14	6	4	0	1	76	10	33530
2020	Indigenous	39	30	16	9	6	0	0	69	15	988
2020	Métis	39	28	17	9	6	0	0	67	16	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	34	16	8	4	0	1	71	12	29136
2019	Indigenous	33	30	17	10	8	0	1	64	18	1118
2019	First Nations	34	31	17	10	8	0	0	65	18	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	22	11	13	6	0	0	70	19	15
2019	Métis	32	30	18	10	8	0	1	63	19	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	33	18	9	6	0	0	67	16	27820
2018	Indigenous	31	33	17	10	8	0	0	65	18	1046
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	34	18	11	7	0	0	64	18	26260

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	35	10	5	3	82	8	1120
2022	First Nations	48	37	8	4	3	85	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	15	21	0	0	79	0	15
2022	Métis	46	33	12	6	3	79	9	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	36	9	5	2	84	7	33530
2020	Indigenous	40	39	10	8	3	79	11	978
2020	Métis	38	41	11	8	2	79	10	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	41	10	5	2	82	8	28880
2019	Indigenous	38	39	11	8	5	77	12	1099
2019	First Nations	39	37	11	8	4	76	13	451
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	35	0	6	11	83	17	15
2019	Métis	37	40	11	7	5	77	12	599
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	41	12	8	3	77	11	27445
2018	Indigenous	33	36	14	11	6	69	17	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	39	15	9	5	71	14	26309

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	34	16	9	6	4	1	69	15	1120
2022	First Nations	33	33	17	6	5	4	1	70	12	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	22	7	7	0	14	0	84	8	15
2022	Métis	28	36	14	10	7	4	1	68	18	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	35	17	7	4	6	1	70	12	33545
2020	Indigenous	29	37	18	9	4	3	0	68	14	991
2020	Métis	28	37	18	11	3	3	0	67	15	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	40	18	8	3	5	1	69	12	29135
2019	Indigenous	24	36	18	12	6	3	1	63	18	1121
2019	First Nations	25	36	19	10	7	3	0	63	17	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	35	16	13	6	0	0	65	19	15
2019	Métis	24	35	18	13	6	3	1	62	20	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	39	20	10	5	5	1	64	15	27822
2018	Indigenous	22	33	22	11	8	3	0	57	20	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	34	23	11	7	4	0	58	18	26374

Work-life balance and workload

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	28	7	5	5	0	0	83	10	1120
2022	First Nations	58	28	5	4	5	0	0	85	9	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	21	0	0	8	0	0	92	8	15
2022	Métis	52	28	8	5	6	1	0	81	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	28	6	4	3	0	0	87	7	33535
2020	Indigenous	50	30	10	6	4	0	0	80	10	989
2020	Métis	51	30	9	6	4	0	0	81	10	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	31	8	5	2	0	0	84	7	29121
2019	Indigenous	50	30	8	7	4	0	1	81	12	1115
2019	First Nations	51	30	7	7	3	0	1	82	11	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	37	12	7	7	0	0	75	13	14
2019	Métis	49	30	8	7	4	0	0	80	11	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	32	9	6	3	0	0	82	9	27791
2018	Indigenous	44	35	10	6	4	0	0	80	10	1059
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	34	10	6	3	0	0	81	9	26389

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	13	5	3	0	2	79	8	1120
2022	First Nations	50	29	11	5	2	0	2	82	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	39	22	0	0	7	0	76	0	15
2022	Métis	45	32	14	4	4	1	1	78	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	30	11	4	2	0	1	82	6	33565
2020	Indigenous	45	32	15	5	3	1	1	77	8	985
2020	Métis	43	30	18	5	3	0	0	74	8	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	32	13	4	2	0	1	81	6	28959
2019	Indigenous	44	30	18	5	3	0	1	74	8	1109
2019	First Nations	42	33	19	4	2	0	1	75	6	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	22	7	0	7	0	0	87	7	14
2019	Métis	45	28	17	6	3	0	1	74	9	605
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	32	14	5	2	0	1	79	7	27668
2018	Indigenous	39	33	16	6	4	0	1	74	9	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	32	15	6	3	0	1	77	8	26490

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	18	4	2	2	2	3	92	4	1120
2022	First Nations	71	17	4	2	2	1	4	92	4	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	8	7	0	7	0	7	86	7	15
2022	Métis	69	18	4	2	2	2	3	92	4	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	18	5	2	1	3	4	92	3	33550

Mobility and retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	36	30	1120
2022	First Nations	32	38	30	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	40	22	15
2022	Métis	34	35	31	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	35	27	33565
2020	Indigenous	22	44	33	992
2020	Métis	24	41	36	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	46	34	29254
2019	Indigenous	28	36	36	1121
2019	First Nations	26	36	38	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	21	31	48	15
2019	Métis	31	36	33	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	41	36	27923
2018	Indigenous	25	40	35	1060
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	43	34	26527

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	57	13	4	8	5	370
2022	First Nations	17	55	12	2	8	5	150
2022	Métis	10	59	13	5	7	6	195
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	60	13	3	6	4	12510
2020	Indigenous	21	44	17	3	7	8	218
2020	Métis	18	48	21	2	6	5	127
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	49	15	3	3	4	5925
2019	Indigenous	14	37	21	3	18	7	312
2019	Métis	15	40	19	3	16	7	185
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	43	18	5	9	4	6371
2018	Indigenous	20	42	23	5	6	5	260
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	45	19	5	4	5	5857

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Workplace

Organizational goals

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	31	5	2	1	0	92	3	1120
2022	First Nations	63	30	5	2	1	0	93	2	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	28	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	60	32	5	2	1	0	92	3	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	31	5	2	1	0	92	3	33490
2020	Indigenous	55	33	6	3	2	0	88	6	987
2020	Métis	53	34	6	5	2	0	87	6	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	35	7	3	1	0	89	4	29013
2019	Indigenous	48	36	9	4	2	0	85	7	1118
2019	First Nations	46	39	9	4	2	1	85	6	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	39	0	5	6	0	89	11	15
2019	Métis	50	34	9	4	2	0	85	7	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	37	8	4	2	0	86	6	27718
2018	Indigenous	48	37	8	4	2	0	86	6	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	39	8	4	2	0	87	5	26430

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	40	10	6	3	1	80	9	1120
2022	First Nations	42	39	10	5	3	1	82	8	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	29	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	38	40	10	7	4	1	79	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	40	10	5	2	1	82	7	33515
2020	Indigenous	39	41	11	6	2	1	80	9	989
2020	Métis	38	41	11	8	2	1	80	10	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	42	11	4	1	1	83	6	29168
2019	Indigenous	33	40	16	7	3	1	74	10	1121
2019	First Nations	31	42	16	7	3	2	74	10	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	52	6	0	6	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	34	38	16	7	4	1	73	11	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	43	15	6	2	1	76	9	27869
2018	Indigenous	30	43	15	8	4	1	74	12	1050
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	43	16	8	3	1	73	11	26336

Organizational performance

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	20	33	18	16	1	4	35	30	1115
2022	First Nations	8	20	32	19	16	1	4	37	29	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	21	7	17	25	7	15	54	37	15
2022	Métis	9	20	35	18	14	0	3	33	31	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	19	33	21	14	1	5	37	28	33465
2020	Indigenous	11	23	34	20	11	1	1	31	35	990
2020	Métis	12	24	35	18	11	1	1	29	36	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	22	35	22	10	1	2	33	31	29173
2019	Indigenous	10	21	35	21	11	1	1	32	32	1119
2019	First Nations	9	22	34	21	12	1	1	33	32	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	16	40	13	13	0	6	27	31	15
2019	Métis	11	21	35	21	11	1	1	33	32	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	22	36	20	10	1	2	31	32	27827
2018	Indigenous	11	25	36	19	7	1	1	27	37	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	24	36	19	8	1	2	28	35	26360

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	15	28	23	18	2	7	45	24	1120
2022	First Nations	7	16	25	25	19	2	7	48	24	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	14	22	7	42	15	0	58	17	15
2022	Métis	6	16	31	22	17	2	7	43	23	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	17	29	21	16	2	7	41	27	33430
2020	Indigenous	7	14	32	27	16	2	1	45	22	988
2020	Métis	7	15	34	27	16	1	1	44	22	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	16	31	25	15	2	3	42	25	29106
2019	Indigenous	9	20	29	22	17	1	2	41	29	1115
2019	First Nations	7	22	29	23	17	2	1	41	29	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	34	13	22	19	0	6	44	42	15
2019	Métis	10	18	30	22	17	1	2	41	29	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	20	31	21	13	2	3	36	32	27768
2018	Indigenous	11	20	28	23	13	2	3	38	32	1051
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	21	31	21	11	2	3	33	34	26258

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	11	25	27	24	2	6	56	17	1115
2022	First Nations	4	10	23	28	26	2	7	59	16	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	0	23	7	57	7	0	68	7	15
2022	Métis	4	14	26	28	21	1	7	53	19	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	9	24	28	24	2	8	58	15	33405
2020	Indigenous	4	10	25	36	21	1	2	59	15	987
2020	Métis	5	11	28	34	21	0	2	56	16	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	9	27	33	22	1	3	58	14	29028
2019	Indigenous	6	10	27	32	23	0	2	56	17	1107
2019	First Nations	6	8	27	32	25	0	2	58	15	450
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	6	22	40	19	0	6	63	13	15
2019	Métis	6	11	26	31	23	1	2	55	18	606
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	11	29	30	20	1	3	52	18	27684
2018	Indigenous	7	13	29	30	18	1	2	50	20	1051
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	14	30	29	16	1	3	47	21	26235

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	13	23	22	25	2	6	51	23	1120
2022	First Nations	8	9	23	23	28	2	7	55	19	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	21	8	17	32	7	15	62	27	15
2022	Métis	9	16	24	22	23	2	5	48	26	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	12	23	24	25	2	8	55	20	33370
2020	Indigenous	7	16	30	26	18	1	2	46	24	986
2020	Métis	7	17	29	27	18	1	2	46	25	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	14	27	29	21	2	3	51	21	29082
2019	Indigenous	10	16	25	24	22	2	1	47	27	1115
2019	First Nations	9	17	24	26	22	2	1	49	26	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	19	21	22	25	0	6	51	27	15
2019	Métis	11	16	27	22	21	2	1	45	28	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	16	28	25	18	2	3	45	26	27772
2018	Indigenous	14	22	25	22	15	1	1	38	37	1054
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	20	29	22	14	1	3	37	33	26301

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	14	23	16	21	8	7	44	28	1115
2022	First Nations	9	14	22	16	23	10	7	46	27	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	14	7	8	42	7	15	64	27	15
2022	Métis	10	16	25	17	20	5	7	43	29	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	15	21	19	19	8	9	46	28	33435
2020	Indigenous	6	11	22	29	26	5	2	59	18	982
2020	Métis	6	12	21	31	25	3	2	59	18	540
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	10	22	30	24	5	4	59	17	28979
2019	Indigenous	10	14	26	24	21	3	2	47	25	1112
2019	First Nations	9	12	28	27	18	4	2	48	22	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	6	35	27	19	0	6	49	13	15
2019	Métis	10	15	25	22	23	2	2	48	27	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	16	26	24	18	3	3	45	27	27704
2018	Indigenous	12	17	27	22	17	2	2	41	30	1047
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	17	26	25	16	3	3	43	29	26246

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	16	33	16	18	3	5	37	27	1115
2022	First Nations	10	15	31	16	20	4	5	39	27	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	6	28	8	36	7	15	56	8	15
2022	Métis	8	17	34	16	16	3	5	35	28	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	15	30	20	17	3	6	41	26	33440
2020	Indigenous	7	19	32	25	14	2	1	40	27	985
2020	Métis	6	21	34	23	14	1	1	37	28	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	16	34	23	15	2	2	40	25	29044
2019	Indigenous	11	19	30	22	15	2	1	38	31	1115
2019	First Nations	10	19	27	26	16	2	1	43	30	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	13	40	16	19	0	6	37	20	15
2019	Métis	12	19	34	19	13	2	1	34	32	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	20	33	20	12	2	2	34	32	27753
2018	Indigenous	12	21	32	19	12	2	1	32	34	1052
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	22	33	18	10	2	2	29	36	26353

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	11	34	26	22	0	3	49	16	1120
2022	First Nations	4	9	34	27	23	0	3	51	14	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	20	38	42	0	0	80	0	15
2022	Métis	5	13	34	25	20	0	3	47	18	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	10	30	27	23	1	5	53	15	33475
2020	Indigenous	7	17	40	22	12	0	1	35	24	991
2020	Métis	7	20	39	20	12	0	1	33	27	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	16	37	26	14	1	1	41	22	29167
2019	Indigenous	9	19	33	24	14	0	1	38	29	1119
2019	First Nations	8	21	32	22	16	1	1	38	30	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	22	22	25	13	0	6	40	36	15
2019	Métis	11	18	33	24	13	0	1	38	29	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	17	33	24	14	1	2	39	26	27812

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	35	13	14	9	2	63	23	1120
2022	First Nations	31	32	13	12	9	2	65	21	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	36	8	0	0	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	22	39	13	15	10	1	61	25	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	37	15	12	6	2	66	19	33525
2020	Indigenous	26	41	15	12	5	1	68	17	986
2020	Métis	25	40	16	13	6	1	65	19	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	41	16	10	3	2	71	13	29038
2019	Indigenous	22	35	18	16	8	2	57	24	1115
2019	First Nations	20	36	17	16	8	2	58	25	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	58	11	13	13	6	0	69	19	15
2019	Métis	22	34	19	15	9	2	57	24	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	37	19	15	6	2	58	22	27723

Diversity and inclusion

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	21	6	6	3	2	85	9	1120
2022	First Nations	65	18	7	6	2	2	85	8	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	61	22	4	7	3	2	85	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	24	5	3	2	1	89	5	33520
2020	Indigenous	52	25	9	8	6	1	77	14	988
2020	Métis	52	25	8	9	5	1	78	15	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	28	8	5	3	1	84	8	29110
2019	Indigenous	48	25	9	9	6	1	75	16	1120
2019	First Nations	46	26	10	9	6	2	74	15	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	39	5	0	13	0	83	13	15
2019	Métis	49	25	8	9	7	1	75	16	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	28	8	7	4	1	80	11	27758
2018	Indigenous	42	29	10	9	8	1	72	17	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	32	9	8	5	1	77	14	26324

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	26	4	4	2	1	0	90	6	1120
2022	First Nations	66	25	3	3	2	1	1	92	5	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	21	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	62	25	5	5	2	0	0	88	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	24	3	2	1	0	0	93	3	33530
2020	Indigenous	55	29	6	7	3	0	0	84	10	985
2020	Métis	53	31	7	7	2	0	0	84	9	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	29	5	4	1	0	0	90	5	29026
2019	Indigenous	50	32	7	7	4	0	0	82	11	1117
2019	First Nations	49	32	8	7	3	1	0	82	10	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	35	5	6	6	0	0	83	13	15
2019	Métis	51	31	7	7	4	0	0	82	11	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	32	6	5	2	0	0	86	8	27783
2018	Indigenous	46	35	6	9	4	0	0	81	13	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	37	7	6	2	0	0	85	8	26329

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	28	10	4	1	3	1	84	6	1120
2022	First Nations	55	27	10	4	1	4	0	85	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	15	6	7	0	0	0	86	7	15
2022	Métis	52	27	10	5	2	3	1	82	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	30	8	2	1	2	1	88	4	33535
2020	Indigenous	45	31	13	5	3	3	1	79	8	977
2020	Métis	44	31	12	6	3	3	1	78	9	539
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	34	11	3	2	2	1	83	5	28929
2019	Indigenous	40	34	15	4	4	2	1	76	8	1121
2019	First Nations	40	34	16	4	4	2	0	76	8	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	62	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	41	33	15	4	4	1	1	76	8	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	36	13	4	2	2	1	81	6	27833
2018	Indigenous	34	37	16	5	4	3	0	74	9	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	40	14	4	3	2	1	78	7	26368

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	32	9	6	4	1	81	9	1120
2022	First Nations	50	31	9	6	3	1	82	9	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	28	14	0	0	7	85	0	15
2022	Métis	46	32	9	6	4	2	81	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	34	10	4	3	2	83	7	33550
2020	Indigenous	46	34	9	7	3	1	81	10	986
2020	Métis	45	37	8	7	3	1	82	9	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	37	10	5	2	2	82	7	29019
2019	Indigenous	43	33	12	7	4	1	77	11	1112
2019	First Nations	41	33	13	8	4	1	75	12	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	25	0	6	6	0	87	13	15
2019	Métis	44	33	11	6	4	1	78	10	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	37	12	5	3	1	80	8	27701
2018	Indigenous	47	33	10	5	3	1	82	8	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	36	10	4	2	1	84	6	26294

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	30	8	4	3	4	0	85	7	1120
2022	First Nations	52	31	6	3	3	3	0	87	7	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	22	14	0	0	0	0	86	0	15
2022	Métis	49	31	9	4	2	4	0	84	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	31	8	2	1	4	1	88	4	33520
2020	Indigenous	51	31	10	3	3	2	0	84	6	987
2020	Métis	53	31	10	3	2	1	0	85	5	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	33	10	3	2	3	0	86	4	29100
2019	Indigenous	52	29	9	5	3	1	1	83	8	1115
2019	First Nations	50	30	9	5	4	2	0	82	9	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	69	25	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	53	29	9	4	2	1	1	84	7	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	32	10	3	2	2	0	85	4	27730
2018	Indigenous	50	32	11	4	3	1	0	83	7	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	34	10	3	2	2	0	85	5	26309

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	28	4	5	3	0	88	8	1120
2022	First Nations	63	27	4	4	3	0	90	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	29	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	58	28	6	6	4	0	85	9	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	29	5	3	2	0	90	5	33560
2020	Indigenous	56	30	6	4	4	0	86	8	991
2020	Métis	57	29	6	5	3	0	86	8	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	31	6	3	2	0	89	4	29103
2019	Indigenous	50	31	9	5	4	0	82	9	1115
2019	First Nations	49	33	9	4	3	1	83	8	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	31	0	0	13	0	87	13	15
2019	Métis	52	29	9	6	4	0	81	10	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	32	8	4	2	0	86	6	27826
2018	Indigenous	50	31	9	6	3	0	82	9	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	35	9	4	3	0	84	7	26258

Anti-racism

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	21	9	6	4	7	3	79	11	1120
2022	First Nations	53	19	9	6	4	6	3	79	11	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	42	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	47	23	8	6	4	8	3	79	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	23	12	5	4	9	6	77	10	33535

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	23	10	6	4	6	3	78	11	1120
2022	First Nations	48	24	11	5	5	5	3	78	10	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	27	8	0	0	0	7	91	0	15
2022	Métis	46	23	10	7	3	8	3	78	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	24	12	5	4	9	6	76	10	33545

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	25	15	5	2	9	1	76	8	1120
2022	First Nations	44	24	18	4	2	8	0	74	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	28	7	0	0	14	0	92	0	15
2022	Métis	44	26	12	5	3	9	0	78	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	25	14	3	2	11	1	78	6	33550
2020	Indigenous	48	32	12	3	2	3	0	82	6	988
2020	Métis	50	31	10	4	1	4	0	84	5	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	31	12	3	2	4	1	83	5	29146

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	26	7	5	4	5	1	83	10	1120
2022	First Nations	51	26	7	5	5	4	1	82	10	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	28	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	50	27	7	6	4	6	1	83	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	28	10	4	3	6	3	81	8	33490
2020	Indigenous	50	27	9	5	5	3	1	80	11	985
2020	Métis	53	24	8	5	5	3	2	81	11	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	29	10	5	3	4	2	81	8	29076

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	15	22	4	3	31	5	55	11	1120
2022	First Nations	21	19	17	3	3	32	5	64	9	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	7	7	0	0	37	0	89	0	15
2022	Métis	19	12	26	4	3	30	6	48	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	17	20	2	2	36	5	58	8	33505

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	0	27	11	39	14	0	10	58	25
2022	First Nations	0	0	34	19	34	12	0	0	61	15
2022	Métis	21	0	19	0	35	26	0	28	47	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	9	26	14	26	18	1	19	49	560
2020	Indigenous	6	0	13	31	44	6	0	7	80	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	10	24	16	32	14	0	16	56	522

Ethical workplace

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	26	15	6	4	8	6	71	12	1120
2022	First Nations	36	27	14	6	3	8	6	73	10	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	14	28	0	0	7	0	70	0	15
2022	Métis	34	27	15	7	4	7	5	69	13	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	29	14	4	2	8	7	77	7	33520
2020	Indigenous	31	30	19	8	6	4	2	65	14	986
2020	Métis	31	32	18	9	4	4	2	67	14	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	17	6	3	6	4	71	10	29140
2019	Indigenous	33	27	17	9	7	4	2	65	17	1121
2019	First Nations	31	27	19	10	7	4	2	62	18	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	40	0	6	6	0	0	87	13	15
2019	Métis	35	26	16	8	8	5	3	66	17	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	31	16	7	5	5	3	69	13	27800
2018	Indigenous	22	33	21	9	7	6	2	59	18	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	35	20	9	6	5	2	63	15	26364

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	32	12	8	4	4	2	75	12	1120
2022	First Nations	41	32	10	7	4	4	1	77	12	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	0	15	0	0	14	0	83	0	15
2022	Métis	39	32	12	7	4	4	2	75	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	35	11	6	3	4	2	78	10	33525
2020	Indigenous	42	33	11	6	4	2	1	78	11	992
2020	Métis	43	33	10	7	5	2	0	78	12	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	35	12	6	3	3	1	78	10	29124
2019	Indigenous	40	33	12	8	4	2	1	75	13	1120
2019	First Nations	38	36	10	9	4	2	1	76	13	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	58	24	0	13	6	0	0	81	19	15
2019	Métis	42	31	13	8	4	2	1	75	12	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	37	13	7	3	2	1	76	11	27807
2018	Indigenous	37	36	11	9	5	2	1	75	14	1050
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	39	13	7	3	2	1	76	10	26338

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	34	11	4	3	1	82	7	1120
2022	First Nations	47	35	10	4	2	1	84	6	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	29	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	46	32	12	5	3	1	80	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	35	11	3	2	1	83	5	33505
2020	Indigenous	46	33	11	5	4	1	80	9	988
2020	Métis	45	32	12	5	4	1	79	9	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	36	12	4	2	1	83	5	29079
2019	Indigenous	41	32	14	8	4	1	74	12	1113
2019	First Nations	40	33	15	7	4	1	73	11	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	58	30	0	6	6	0	87	13	15
2019	Métis	42	31	14	8	4	1	74	12	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	37	15	5	3	1	76	8	27766
2018	Indigenous	37	36	13	8	4	1	74	13	1052
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	38	15	6	3	1	76	9	26255

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	24	14	11	8	8	2	63	22	1120
2022	First Nations	32	25	14	11	7	9	2	65	19	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	0	15	6	7	22	0	64	17	15
2022	Métis	32	24	14	11	9	8	2	61	23	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	27	15	8	6	9	3	67	16	33540
2020	Indigenous	30	25	16	12	10	6	1	59	24	988
2020	Métis	30	26	14	15	9	5	1	60	26	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	28	17	11	7	8	2	62	19	29135
2019	Indigenous	25	24	15	13	15	6	2	53	30	1120
2019	First Nations	24	28	15	11	13	6	2	56	27	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	13	6	13	0	0	69	19	15
2019	Métis	26	21	16	15	15	6	2	51	32	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	26	18	12	10	7	2	56	24	27833
2018	Indigenous	22	26	16	15	16	4	0	51	32	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	28	19	13	11	6	1	54	26	26341

Physical environment and equipment

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	38	1	4	1	93	5	1120
2022	First Nations	56	38	1	4	1	94	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	21	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	55	39	1	4	1	94	5	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	36	2	4	1	92	6	33545
2020	Indigenous	39	46	4	9	2	85	11	991
2020	Métis	39	45	4	10	2	84	13	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	45	3	8	2	87	10	29212

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	22	3	3	1	0	1	92	5	1120
2022	First Nations	69	24	3	2	2	0	0	93	4	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	14	8	7	0	0	0	86	7	15
2022	Métis	68	22	3	3	1	1	1	92	5	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	24	4	2	1	0	2	92	4	33510
2020	Indigenous	44	37	8	8	2	0	0	81	10	990
2020	Métis	45	34	8	10	3	0	0	80	12	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	38	8	8	2	0	0	82	10	29184
2019	Indigenous	46	33	6	10	4	0	0	80	14	1118
2019	First Nations	45	34	7	10	3	0	0	80	13	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	29	5	6	6	0	0	83	13	15
2019	Métis	47	34	5	10	4	0	0	81	14	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	36	6	8	4	0	0	82	12	27822

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	25	5	3	2	0	91	5	1120
2022	First Nations	64	27	5	3	1	0	91	4	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	7	6	14	7	0	72	21	15
2022	Métis	67	24	4	3	2	0	91	5	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	28	5	2	1	1	92	3	33495
2020	Indigenous	49	34	7	7	3	0	83	9	976
2020	Métis	50	33	8	7	3	0	83	10	537
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	35	7	6	2	0	85	7	29002
2019	Indigenous	50	36	6	6	2	0	86	9	1113
2019	First Nations	51	35	6	6	2	0	86	8	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	41	0	5	6	0	89	11	15
2019	Métis	49	36	5	7	3	0	85	10	606
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	35	7	5	2	0	85	7	27700

Use of official languages

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	84	13	1	1	0	0	1	97	2	1120
2022	First Nations	82	13	2	1	0	0	1	97	1	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	86	7	0	6	0	0	0	94	6	15
2022	Métis	84	12	1	2	0	0	1	97	2	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	15	2	1	0	0	0	97	1	33545
2020	Indigenous	80	13	3	2	1	1	0	94	3	987
2020	Métis	80	13	2	2	1	1	1	94	3	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	14	2	1	1	0	1	96	2	29141

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	7	3	1	2	6	94	3	1120
2022	First Nations	83	7	3	0	1	5	96	1	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	93	7	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	80	7	3	2	2	7	93	4	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	81	9	2	1	1	5	95	2	33560
2019	Indigenous	77	10	5	2	2	4	91	4	1116
2019	First Nations	78	10	4	2	2	3	92	4	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	78	16	6	0	0	0	94	0	15
2019	Métis	77	9	5	3	2	5	90	5	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	79	10	4	1	2	4	93	3	27735

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	17	10	4	5	21	5	75	12	1120
2022	First Nations	38	18	10	4	3	21	6	77	9	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	18	8	7	8	11	7	73	17	15
2022	Métis	38	16	10	5	6	21	5	73	14	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	19	10	4	2	16	5	80	8	33555
2020	Indigenous	31	18	10	6	5	25	4	69	17	993
2020	Métis	29	19	10	7	6	24	4	67	19	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	17	10	5	4	20	6	74	13	29199
2019	Indigenous	31	15	10	7	8	24	5	64	22	1122
2019	First Nations	32	16	8	7	8	25	4	67	21	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	46	13	6	6	0	0	75	13	15
2019	Métis	30	13	11	8	9	23	5	60	24	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	16	10	6	6	20	5	71	16	27881

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	1120
2022	First Nations	10	90	475
2022	Métis	12	88	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	33545
2020	Indigenous	13	87	990
2020	Métis	13	87	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	29220
2019	Indigenous	18	82	1120
2019	Métis	19	81	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	27863
2018	Indigenous	19	81	1063
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	26480

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	130
2022	First Nations	44	56	50
2022	Métis	42	58	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	2165
2020	Indigenous	50	50	133
2020	Métis	49	51	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	2277
2019	Indigenous	51	49	211
2019	Métis	50	50	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	2977
2018	Indigenous	52	48	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	3161

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	130
2022	First Nations	59	41	50
2022	Métis	64	36	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	43	2165
2020	Indigenous	59	41	133
2020	Métis	60	40	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	38	2277
2019	Indigenous	58	42	211
2019	Métis	56	44	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	41	2977
2018	Indigenous	60	40	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	3161

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	130
2022	First Nations	7	93	50
2022	Métis	11	89	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2165
2020	Indigenous	6	94	133
2020	Métis	9	91	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2277
2019	Indigenous	7	93	211
2019	Métis	8	92	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2977
2018	Indigenous	4	96	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3161

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	130
2022	First Nations	100	50
2022	Métis	100	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	2165
2020	Métis	100	74
2018	Indigenous	100	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	3161

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	130
2022	First Nations	6	94	50
2022	Métis	5	95	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2165
2020	Métis	0	100	74
2019	Indigenous	6	94	211
2019	Métis	7	93	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2977
2018	Indigenous	7	93	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	3161

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	130
2022	First Nations	18	82	50
2022	Métis	10	90	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2165
2020	Indigenous	12	88	133
2020	Métis	9	91	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	2277
2019	Indigenous	10	90	211
2019	Métis	11	89	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2977
2018	Indigenous	8	92	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	3161

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	130
2022	First Nations	4	96	50
2022	Métis	4	96	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2165
2020	Indigenous	11	89	133
2020	Métis	8	92	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2277
2019	Indigenous	4	96	211
2019	Métis	5	95	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2977
2018	Indigenous	5	95	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	3161

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	130
2022	First Nations	35	65	50
2022	Métis	29	71	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2170
2020	Indigenous	36	64	133
2020	Métis	37	63	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	64	2276
2019	Indigenous	33	67	211
2019	Métis	28	72	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	64	2960
2018	Indigenous	34	66	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	3154

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	130
2022	First Nations	40	60	50
2022	Métis	38	62	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	2170
2020	Indigenous	36	64	133
2020	Métis	35	65	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2276
2019	Indigenous	37	63	211
2019	Métis	36	64	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2960
2018	Indigenous	40	60	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	62	3154

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	130
2022	First Nations	44	56	50
2022	Métis	32	68	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	2170
2020	Indigenous	50	50	133
2020	Métis	50	50	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	2276
2019	Indigenous	45	55	211
2019	Métis	43	57	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	60	2960
2018	Indigenous	38	62	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	3154

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	130
2022	First Nations	39	61	50
2022	Métis	43	57	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2170
2020	Indigenous	40	60	133
2020	Métis	40	60	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	58	2276
2019	Indigenous	41	59	211
2019	Métis	42	58	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	2960
2018	Indigenous	50	50	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	3154

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	130
2022	First Nations	32	68	50
2022	Métis	28	72	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	2170
2020	Indigenous	28	72	133
2020	Métis	22	78	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	2276
2019	Indigenous	25	75	211
2019	Métis	23	77	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	2960
2018	Indigenous	31	69	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	3154

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	49	130
2022	First Nations	52	48	50
2022	Métis	51	49	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	48	2170
2020	Indigenous	49	51	133
2020	Métis	54	46	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	2276
2019	Indigenous	54	46	211
2019	Métis	49	51	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	2960
2018	Indigenous	59	41	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	46	3154

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	130
2022	First Nations	41	59	50
2022	Métis	38	62	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	2170
2020	Indigenous	32	68	133
2020	Métis	31	69	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	2276
2019	Indigenous	34	66	211
2019	Métis	30	70	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	2960
2018	Indigenous	43	57	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	67	3154

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	130
2022	First Nations	0	100	50
2022	Métis	0	100	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	2170

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	130
2022	First Nations	0	100	50
2022	Métis	2	98	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2170
2020	Indigenous	4	96	133
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2276
2019	Indigenous	8	92	211
2019	Métis	10	90	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2960
2018	Indigenous	10	90	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	3154

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	130
2022	First Nations	17	83	50
2022	Métis	12	88	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2170
2020	Indigenous	8	92	133
2020	Métis	8	92	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	2276
2019	Indigenous	7	93	211
2019	Métis	8	92	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2960
2018	Indigenous	10	90	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	3154

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	130
2022	First Nations	56	44	50
2022	Métis	43	57	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	2170
2020	Indigenous	52	48	133
2020	Métis	53	47	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	2276
2019	Indigenous	47	53	211
2019	Métis	48	52	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	53	2960
2018	Indigenous	44	56	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	3154

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	130
2022	First Nations	23	77	50
2022	Métis	12	88	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	2170
2020	Indigenous	23	77	133
2020	Métis	19	81	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2276
2019	Indigenous	17	83	211
2019	Métis	18	82	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2960
2018	Indigenous	21	79	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	3154

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	130
2022	First Nations	21	79	50
2022	Métis	18	82	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	2170
2020	Indigenous	22	78	133
2020	Métis	18	82	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2276
2019	Indigenous	14	86	211
2019	Métis	17	83	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	2960
2018	Indigenous	18	82	201
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	3154

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	130
2022	First Nations	42	58	50
2022	Métis	55	45	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	2170
2020	Indigenous	51	49	133
2020	Métis	46	54	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	2277
2019	Indigenous	45	55	210
2019	Métis	45	55	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	2951
2018	Indigenous	45	55	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	53	3155

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	130
2022	First Nations	24	76	50
2022	Métis	26	74	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2170
2020	Indigenous	18	82	133
2020	Métis	18	82	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	2277
2019	Indigenous	21	79	210
2019	Métis	19	81	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	76	2951
2018	Indigenous	25	75	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	75	3155

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	130
2022	First Nations	13	87	50
2022	Métis	7	93	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2170
2020	Indigenous	6	94	133
2020	Métis	8	92	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2277
2019	Indigenous	4	96	210
2019	Métis	5	95	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	2951
2018	Indigenous	5	95	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	3155

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	130
2022	First Nations	33	67	50
2022	Métis	22	78	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	2170
2020	Indigenous	29	71	133
2020	Métis	29	71	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	2277
2019	Indigenous	28	72	210
2019	Métis	26	74	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	2951
2018	Indigenous	28	72	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	3155

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	130
2022	First Nations	9	91	50
2022	Métis	5	95	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2170
2020	Indigenous	12	88	133
2020	Métis	12	88	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2277
2019	Indigenous	8	92	210
2019	Métis	8	92	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2951
2018	Indigenous	9	91	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	3155

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	130
2022	First Nations	11	89	50
2022	Métis	12	88	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2170
2020	Indigenous	10	90	133
2020	Métis	13	87	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2277
2019	Indigenous	6	94	210
2019	Métis	7	93	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	2951
2018	Indigenous	9	91	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3155

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	130
2022	First Nations	7	93	50
2022	Métis	4	96	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2170
2020	Indigenous	8	92	133
2020	Métis	11	89	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	2277
2019	Indigenous	15	85	210
2019	Métis	10	90	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2951
2018	Indigenous	14	86	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	3155

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	130
2022	First Nations	9	91	50
2022	Métis	10	90	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2170
2020	Indigenous	7	93	133
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2277
2019	Indigenous	11	89	210
2019	Métis	13	87	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2951
2018	Indigenous	11	89	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	3155

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	130
2022	First Nations	38	62	50
2022	Métis	26	74	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	2170
2020	Indigenous	29	71	133
2020	Métis	28	72	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	2277
2019	Indigenous	28	72	210
2019	Métis	32	68	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	2951
2018	Indigenous	30	70	200
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	3155

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	115
2022	First Nations	10	90	45
2022	Métis	7	93	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1975
2020	Indigenous	11	89	120
2020	Métis	11	89	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2131
2019	Indigenous	16	84	197
2019	Métis	11	89	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2766
2018	Indigenous	12	88	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	2947

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	115
2022	First Nations	31	69	45
2022	Métis	16	84	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1975
2020	Indigenous	16	84	120
2020	Métis	11	89	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	2131
2019	Indigenous	15	85	197
2019	Métis	15	85	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2766
2018	Indigenous	19	81	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	2947

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	115
2022	First Nations	9	91	45
2022	Métis	9	91	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1975
2020	Indigenous	6	94	120
2020	Métis	9	91	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2131
2019	Indigenous	8	92	197
2019	Métis	5	95	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2766
2018	Indigenous	15	85	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2947

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	115
2022	First Nations	4	96	45
2022	Métis	5	95	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1975
2020	Indigenous	4	96	120
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2131
2019	Indigenous	7	93	197
2019	Métis	5	95	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2766
2018	Indigenous	3	97	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	2947

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	115
2022	First Nations	14	86	45
2022	Métis	12	88	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1975
2020	Indigenous	11	89	120
2020	Métis	12	88	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2131
2019	Indigenous	8	92	197
2019	Métis	8	92	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2766
2018	Indigenous	10	90	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2947

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	115
2022	First Nations	8	92	45
2022	Métis	6	94	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1975
2020	Indigenous	6	94	120
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2131
2019	Indigenous	8	92	197
2019	Métis	12	88	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2766
2018	Indigenous	7	93	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2947

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	115
2022	First Nations	10	90	45
2022	Métis	15	85	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1975
2020	Indigenous	8	92	120
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2131
2019	Indigenous	7	93	197
2019	Métis	6	94	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2766
2018	Indigenous	10	90	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2947

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	115
2022	First Nations	25	75	45
2022	Métis	19	81	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1975
2020	Indigenous	9	91	120
2020	Métis	9	91	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2131
2019	Indigenous	8	92	197
2019	Métis	7	93	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2766
2018	Indigenous	7	93	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	2947

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	115
2022	First Nations	13	87	45
2022	Métis	17	83	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1975
2020	Indigenous	16	84	120
2020	Métis	11	89	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2131
2019	Indigenous	10	90	197
2019	Métis	9	91	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2766
2018	Indigenous	15	85	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2947

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	115
2022	First Nations	22	78	45
2022	Métis	15	85	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1975
2020	Indigenous	27	73	120
2020	Métis	27	73	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	2131
2019	Indigenous	26	74	197
2019	Métis	28	72	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	2766
2018	Indigenous	30	70	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	2947

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	115
2022	First Nations	7	93	45
2022	Métis	3	97	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1975
2020	Indigenous	11	89	120
2020	Métis	11	89	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	2131
2019	Indigenous	12	88	197
2019	Métis	12	88	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2766
2018	Indigenous	8	92	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2947

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	115
2022	First Nations	45	55	45
2022	Métis	37	63	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	1975
2020	Indigenous	46	54	120
2020	Métis	43	57	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	2131
2019	Indigenous	53	47	197
2019	Métis	51	49	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	2766
2018	Indigenous	51	49	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	2947

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	115
2022	First Nations	2	98	45
2022	Métis	1	99	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	1975
2019	Indigenous	3	97	197
2019	Non-Indigenous	1	99	2766
2018	Indigenous	3	97	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	2947

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	115
2022	First Nations	58	42	45
2022	Métis	35	65	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	1975
2020	Indigenous	57	43	120
2020	Métis	49	51	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	2131
2019	Indigenous	54	46	197
2019	Métis	53	47	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	2766
2018	Indigenous	56	44	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	2947

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	1	99	115
2022	First Nations	2	98	45
2022	Métis	0	100	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	1975

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	115
2022	First Nations	25	75	45
2022	Métis	20	80	60
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1975
2020	Indigenous	17	83	120
2020	Métis	19	81	65
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2131
2019	Indigenous	10	90	197
2019	Métis	11	89	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	2766
2018	Indigenous	11	89	180
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	2947

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	15	12	4	6	29	9	63	17	1120
2022	First Nations	22	17	12	4	5	31	10	64	15	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	0	0	7	0	42	0	88	12	15
2022	Métis	25	14	12	5	7	27	10	61	19	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	15	12	3	3	32	12	69	10	33520
2020	Indigenous	29	20	17	6	6	18	4	63	15	993
2020	Métis	30	22	16	7	5	17	3	66	14	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	18	15	4	3	25	7	67	11	29162
2019	Indigenous	25	18	16	9	8	19	6	57	22	1120
2019	First Nations	26	19	15	7	9	20	5	59	21	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	13	0	13	6	22	6	74	26	15
2019	Métis	25	17	17	10	8	19	6	55	23	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	18	18	6	5	23	7	59	16	27877
2018	Indigenous	21	21	21	8	7	18	3	53	20	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	20	21	6	5	22	5	56	15	26392

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	28	9	5	4	7	1	80	10	1115
2022	First Nations	46	29	8	4	4	8	1	83	8	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	78	7	7	0	0	8	0	93	0	15
2022	Métis	45	29	9	7	4	6	0	78	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	29	10	3	2	9	2	84	5	33540
2020	Indigenous	46	29	11	5	4	4	0	79	10	993
2020	Métis	46	30	10	5	3	4	1	81	8	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	12	3	2	6	1	81	6	29159
2019	Indigenous	45	25	13	7	5	4	1	74	12	1121
2019	First Nations	47	25	12	7	5	5	0	75	12	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	25	0	6	6	0	0	87	13	15
2019	Métis	43	25	15	6	5	4	1	72	12	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	29	13	5	3	6	1	77	9	27875
2018	Indigenous	38	28	16	6	5	5	0	70	12	1061
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	32	16	5	4	6	1	73	10	26390

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	1120
2022	First Nations	8	92	475
2022	Métis	8	92	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	33530
2020	Indigenous	9	91	993
2020	Métis	9	91	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	29178
2019	Indigenous	11	89	1120
2019	Métis	11	89	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	27858
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	26456

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	90
2022	First Nations	28	72	40
2022	Métis	31	69	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1805
2020	Indigenous	35	65	88
2020	Métis	38	62	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	70	1632
2019	Indigenous	39	61	126
2019	Métis	32	68	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	1849
2018	Indigenous	41	59	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	1886

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	28	90
2022	First Nations	72	28	40
2022	Métis	77	23	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	28	1805
2020	Indigenous	80	20	88
2020	Métis	80	20	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	24	1632
2019	Indigenous	75	25	126
2019	Métis	79	21	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	23	1849
2018	Indigenous	76	24	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	77	23	1886

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	90
2022	First Nations	6	94	40
2022	Métis	4	96	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1805

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	90
2022	First Nations	100	40
2022	Métis	100	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	1805
2020	Métis	100	51
2018	Indigenous	100	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	100	1886

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	90
2022	First Nations	6	94	40
2022	Métis	7	93	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1805
2019	Indigenous	4	96	126
2019	Métis	8	92	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1849
2018	Indigenous	6	94	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1886

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	90
2022	First Nations	9	91	40
2022	Métis	11	89	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1805
2018	Indigenous	7	93	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1886

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	90
2022	First Nations	12	88	40
2022	Métis	18	82	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1805
2020	Indigenous	7	93	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1632
2019	Indigenous	5	95	126
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1849
2018	Indigenous	11	89	106
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1886

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	90
2022	First Nations	38	62	40
2022	Métis	23	77	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	1800
2020	Indigenous	17	83	88
2020	Métis	14	86	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	1631
2019	Indigenous	34	66	126
2019	Métis	21	79	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	1815
2018	Indigenous	32	68	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	1882

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	90
2022	First Nations	19	81	40
2022	Métis	19	81	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	1800
2020	Indigenous	14	86	88
2020	Métis	10	90	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1631
2019	Indigenous	21	79	126
2019	Métis	13	87	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1815
2018	Indigenous	21	79	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1882

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	90
2022	First Nations	8	92	40
2022	Métis	14	86	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1800
2020	Indigenous	8	92	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	77	1631
2019	Indigenous	9	91	126
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1815
2018	Indigenous	9	91	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1882

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	90
2022	First Nations	8	92	40
2022	Métis	12	88	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1800
2019	Indigenous	4	96	126
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1815
2018	Indigenous	8	92	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1882

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	90
2022	First Nations	21	79	40
2022	Métis	17	83	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1800
2020	Indigenous	23	77	88
2020	Métis	29	71	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	76	1631
2019	Indigenous	24	76	126
2019	Métis	27	73	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	1815
2018	Indigenous	33	67	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	1882

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	90
2022	First Nations	24	76	40
2022	Métis	19	81	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1800
2020	Indigenous	20	80	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1631
2019	Indigenous	19	81	126
2019	Métis	17	83	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	1815
2018	Indigenous	20	80	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	75	1882

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	90
2022	First Nations	11	89	40
2022	Métis	4	96	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1800
2020	Indigenous	10	90	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1631
2019	Indigenous	8	92	126
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1815
2018	Indigenous	7	93	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1882

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	90
2022	First Nations	8	92	40
2022	Métis	5	95	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	1800
2019	Indigenous	4	96	126
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	1815

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	90
2022	First Nations	9	91	40
2022	Métis	0	100	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1800
2020	Indigenous	5	95	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1631
2019	Indigenous	6	94	126
2019	Métis	8	92	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1815
2018	Indigenous	6	94	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1882

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	90
2022	First Nations	12	88	40
2022	Métis	9	91	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1800
2020	Indigenous	17	83	88
2020	Métis	16	84	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	1631
2019	Indigenous	10	90	126
2019	Métis	14	86	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1815
2018	Indigenous	12	88	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1882

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	90
2022	First Nations	2	98	40
2022	Métis	5	95	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1800

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	90
2022	First Nations	24	76	40
2022	Métis	41	59	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	1800
2020	Indigenous	29	71	88
2020	Métis	33	67	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1631
2019	Indigenous	26	74	126
2019	Métis	30	70	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1815
2018	Indigenous	31	69	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1882

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	90
2022	First Nations	100	40
2022	Métis	100	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	1800
2020	Indigenous	100	88
2020	Métis	100	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	1631
2019	Métis	100	65

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	90
2022	First Nations	21	79	40
2022	Métis	27	73	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	1800
2020	Indigenous	22	78	88
2020	Métis	28	72	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1631
2019	Indigenous	11	89	126
2019	Métis	14	86	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	1815
2018	Indigenous	10	90	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	1882

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	90
2022	First Nations	27	73	40
2022	Métis	29	71	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	1800
2020	Indigenous	36	64	88
2020	Métis	41	59	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	1632
2019	Indigenous	25	75	125
2019	Métis	29	71	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	1800
2018	Indigenous	22	78	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	1886

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	90
2022	First Nations	22	78	40
2022	Métis	19	81	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1800
2020	Indigenous	11	89	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1632
2019	Indigenous	15	85	125
2019	Métis	16	84	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1800
2018	Indigenous	19	81	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1886

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	90
2022	First Nations	10	90	40
2022	Métis	6	94	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1800

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	90
2022	First Nations	27	73	40
2022	Métis	13	87	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1800
2020	Indigenous	33	67	88
2020	Métis	36	64	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1632
2019	Indigenous	19	81	125
2019	Métis	21	79	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	1800
2018	Indigenous	18	82	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1886

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	90
2022	First Nations	5	95	40
2022	Métis	4	96	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1800
2020	Indigenous	5	95	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1632
2019	Indigenous	6	94	125
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1800
2018	Indigenous	6	94	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1886

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	90
2022	First Nations	18	82	40
2022	Métis	13	87	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1800
2020	Indigenous	5	95	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1632
2019	Indigenous	5	95	125
2019	Métis	9	91	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1800
2018	Indigenous	7	93	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1886

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	90
2022	First Nations	7	93	40
2022	Métis	5	95	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1800
2019	Indigenous	4	96	125
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1800
2018	Indigenous	5	95	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1886

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	90
2022	First Nations	7	93	40
2022	Métis	8	92	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1800
2020	Indigenous	7	93	88
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1632
2019	Indigenous	4	96	125
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1800
2018	Indigenous	7	93	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1886

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	90
2022	First Nations	49	51	40
2022	Métis	54	46	45
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	1800
2020	Indigenous	46	54	88
2020	Métis	40	60	51
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	1632
2019	Indigenous	55	45	125
2019	Métis	57	43	65
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	1800
2018	Indigenous	56	44	107
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	1886

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	80
2022	First Nations	3	97	30
2022	Métis	0	100	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1615
2020	Indigenous	5	95	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1521
2019	Indigenous	9	91	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1601
2018	Indigenous	6	94	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	1765

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	80
2022	First Nations	12	88	30
2022	Métis	16	84	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1615
2020	Indigenous	10	90	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1521
2019	Indigenous	18	82	117
2019	Métis	19	81	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	1601
2018	Indigenous	17	83	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1765

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	80
2022	First Nations	3	97	30
2022	Métis	5	95	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1615
2019	Indigenous	4	96	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1601
2018	Indigenous	9	91	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1765

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	80
2022	First Nations	7	93	30
2022	Métis	0	100	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	1615
2019	Métis	0	100	59

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	80
2022	First Nations	0	100	30
2022	Métis	0	100	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	1615
2020	Indigenous	7	93	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1521

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	80
2022	First Nations	16	84	30
2022	Métis	7	93	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	1615
2019	Indigenous	4	96	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	1601

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	80
2022	First Nations	10	90	30
2022	Métis	12	88	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1615
2020	Indigenous	9	91	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1521
2019	Indigenous	6	94	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1601

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	80
2022	First Nations	15	85	30
2022	Métis	13	87	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1615
2020	Indigenous	8	92	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1521
2019	Indigenous	10	90	117
2019	Métis	12	88	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1601
2018	Indigenous	8	92	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1765

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	80
2022	First Nations	6	94	30
2022	Métis	10	90	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1615
2020	Indigenous	13	87	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1521
2019	Indigenous	8	92	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	1601
2018	Indigenous	7	93	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	1765

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	80
2022	First Nations	19	81	30
2022	Métis	19	81	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	1615
2020	Indigenous	31	69	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	74	1521
2019	Indigenous	25	75	117
2019	Métis	20	80	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	76	1601
2018	Indigenous	28	72	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	1765

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	80
2022	First Nations	15	85	30
2022	Métis	7	93	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1615
2020	Indigenous	11	89	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1521
2019	Indigenous	8	92	117
2019	Métis	8	92	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1601
2018	Indigenous	10	90	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	1765

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	80
2022	First Nations	38	62	30
2022	Métis	44	56	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	1615
2020	Indigenous	46	54	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	56	1521
2019	Indigenous	47	53	117
2019	Métis	48	52	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	1601
2018	Indigenous	50	50	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	1765

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	80
2022	First Nations	3	97	30
2022	Métis	5	95	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	1615

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	80
2022	First Nations	55	45	30
2022	Métis	62	38	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	1615
2020	Indigenous	58	42	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	60	40	1521
2019	Indigenous	57	43	117
2019	Métis	55	45	59
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	39	1601
2018	Indigenous	55	45	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	63	37	1765

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	80
2022	First Nations	0	100	30
2022	Métis	0	100	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	1615

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	80
2022	First Nations	19	81	30
2022	Métis	17	83	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	1615
2020	Indigenous	16	84	83
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	1521
2019	Indigenous	8	92	117
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	1601
2018	Indigenous	14	86	98
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1765

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	16	14	4	4	27	6	67	12	1120
2022	First Nations	28	17	13	5	4	27	6	68	13	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	0	7	7	7	21	7	72	19	15
2022	Métis	28	17	15	4	4	26	6	67	11	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	17	13	2	2	31	8	71	7	33525
2020	Indigenous	30	19	19	5	4	20	3	63	12	987
2020	Métis	30	20	19	5	4	20	3	64	11	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	18	15	3	2	27	6	69	8	29145
2019	Indigenous	29	17	18	7	4	20	5	61	15	1119
2019	First Nations	30	16	18	6	5	20	5	61	15	459
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	19	6	0	6	6	6	86	7	15
2019	Métis	27	18	18	7	4	21	5	61	15	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	17	18	4	3	25	7	63	10	27837
2018	Indigenous	24	19	24	4	4	21	3	57	11	1048
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	20	22	3	3	24	5	60	9	26419

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	26	11	3	3	7	1	81	7	1120
2022	First Nations	48	28	10	3	4	6	1	82	8	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	14	14	0	0	7	0	85	0	15
2022	Métis	46	26	12	3	3	7	1	79	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	29	10	3	2	9	2	83	5	33535
2020	Indigenous	47	29	12	4	4	3	0	79	8	986
2020	Métis	49	28	10	4	3	4	1	81	8	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	12	3	2	7	1	82	5	29173
2019	Indigenous	47	25	14	4	3	5	1	77	8	1118
2019	First Nations	49	23	15	3	4	5	0	77	7	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	65	22	6	0	6	0	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	46	26	14	5	3	5	2	77	8	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	28	14	3	3	7	1	78	7	27834
2018	Indigenous	40	29	17	4	4	6	1	74	8	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	32	16	4	3	7	1	75	7	26426

Duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	1120
2022	First Nations	19	81	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	15
2022	Métis	20	80	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	33515
2020	Indigenous	19	81	985
2020	Métis	20	80	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	29073
2019	Indigenous	21	79	1120
2019	First Nations	21	79	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	75	15
2019	Métis	22	78	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	27875

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	23	220
2022	First Nations	79	21	90
2022	Métis	78	22	115
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	40	3940
2020	Indigenous	66	34	196
2020	Métis	65	35	109
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	45	4023

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	22	220
2022	First Nations	82	18	90
2022	Métis	75	25	115
2022	Non-Indigenous	79	21	3935
2020	Indigenous	82	18	197
2020	Métis	81	19	110
2020	Non-Indigenous	82	18	4021
2019	Indigenous	82	18	246
2019	Métis	82	18	136
2019	Non-Indigenous	83	17	4521

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	25	8	8	6	2	0	77	15	170
2022	First Nations	53	22	10	8	7	0	0	75	15	75
2022	Métis	52	26	8	8	4	3	0	80	12	90
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	31	5	6	3	1	1	86	9	3140
2020	Indigenous	51	23	9	11	6	0	0	74	17	162
2020	Métis	55	20	6	15	5	0	0	75	19	89
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	34	6	7	2	0	0	85	9	3299
2019	Indigenous	43	29	6	11	10	0	0	73	21	200
2019	Métis	43	25	8	11	13	0	1	68	24	111
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	33	6	9	5	0	0	80	14	3707

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	27	6	4	2	3	1	87	7	1120
2022	First Nations	56	28	7	3	2	2	2	88	5	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	0	14	15	0	7	0	69	16	15
2022	Métis	56	26	5	5	2	3	1	86	8	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	29	6	3	2	3	5	88	5	33530
2020	Indigenous	52	28	7	6	4	2	1	83	9	984
2020	Métis	51	29	7	6	4	1	2	82	10	542
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	28	8	4	2	2	3	86	5	29180

Future of work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	15	4	5	32	185
2022	First Nations	41	17	4	6	33	75
2022	Métis	46	14	4	6	30	100
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	15	5	5	36	4310

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	24	280
2022	First Nations	72	28	110
2022	Métis	79	21	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	33	5575

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	72	280
2022	First Nations	39	61	110
2022	Métis	21	79	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	5565

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	280
2022	First Nations	47	53	110
2022	Métis	31	69	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	5565

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	280
2022	First Nations	38	62	110
2022	Métis	16	84	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	5565

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	280
2022	First Nations	18	82	110
2022	Métis	10	90	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	5565

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	280
2022	First Nations	39	61	110
2022	Métis	27	73	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	5565

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	280
2022	First Nations	24	76	110
2022	Métis	19	81	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	5565

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	280
2022	First Nations	32	68	110
2022	Métis	28	72	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	5565

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	280
2022	First Nations	24	76	110
2022	Métis	19	81	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	5565

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	280
2022	First Nations	34	66	110
2022	Métis	17	83	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	5565

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	280
2022	First Nations	52	48	110
2022	Métis	49	51	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	5565

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	280
2022	First Nations	9	91	110
2022	Métis	7	93	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	5565

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	280
2022	First Nations	15	85	110
2022	Métis	18	82	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	5565

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	16	7	1	2	0	10	89	3	280
2022	First Nations	59	19	8	2	3	0	9	86	6	110
2022	Métis	69	13	6	1	1	1	10	92	2	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	14	4	1	1	1	7	93	3	5570

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	12	18	13	40	2	9	59	21	280
2022	First Nations	8	12	20	18	36	0	7	58	21	110
2022	Métis	5	12	17	11	41	4	10	61	19	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	13	17	13	39	4	8	59	22	5570

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	19	15	17	33	4	3	55	29	280
2022	First Nations	10	19	16	18	28	4	5	51	32	110
2022	Métis	7	19	15	17	36	4	2	57	27	155
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	21	19	13	28	5	4	45	34	5570

Top of page

Workplace well-being

A safe and healthy workplace

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	22	7	6	4	1	0	83	10	1120
2022	First Nations	61	22	8	4	4	1	1	84	8	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	28	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	59	21	7	7	4	1	0	81	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	26	6	4	3	1	1	86	7	33560
2020	Indigenous	53	25	8	7	6	1	0	79	13	982
2020	Métis	52	25	9	8	5	1	0	78	13	542
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	29	8	6	3	1	0	82	9	29083

A psychologically healthy workplace

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	6	11	7	43	5	23	70	15	1115
2022	First Nations	5	7	11	9	40	5	23	68	16	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	13	15	0	36	0	26	48	32	15
2022	Métis	4	6	12	5	45	5	24	71	13	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	6	12	6	40	6	26	68	15	33485

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	39	10	7	4	2	78	12	1120
2022	First Nations	37	42	8	7	4	2	81	10	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	29	0	8	0	0	92	8	15
2022	Métis	38	37	11	8	5	1	76	13	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	40	11	5	3	3	81	8	33540
2020	Indigenous	47	36	9	4	3	2	84	7	988
2020	Métis	47	35	9	4	3	1	83	8	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	4	1	1	86	5	29173
2019	Indigenous	34	39	14	8	4	1	74	11	1121
2019	First Nations	36	37	14	8	3	2	74	12	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	31	16	0	6	0	78	6	15
2019	Métis	33	40	14	7	4	1	74	11	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	41	14	6	3	2	77	9	27823
2018	Indigenous	31	40	14	9	5	1	73	14	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	42	14	6	3	2	77	9	26388

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	25	34	23	8	1120
2022	First Nations	9	28	34	22	7	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	22	13	47	18	15
2022	Métis	9	24	34	23	9	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	30	34	17	4	33560

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	21	10	3	2	4	1	85	5	1120
2022	First Nations	62	20	9	2	2	4	1	86	4	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	22	0	0	0	7	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	58	21	10	4	2	5	1	83	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	25	8	2	1	3	1	88	4	33565
2020	Indigenous	52	24	13	2	4	5	0	79	7	986
2020	Métis	51	24	14	2	5	4	1	78	7	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	27	12	3	2	4	1	82	6	29046

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	22	8	10	6	2	0	76	16	1120
2022	First Nations	53	21	9	10	5	2	1	76	15	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	22	0	14	0	0	0	86	14	15
2022	Métis	51	22	8	10	7	2	0	75	17	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	25	9	8	5	2	1	78	13	33550
2020	Indigenous	42	26	10	10	10	1	0	69	21	984
2020	Métis	41	26	10	11	11	1	0	68	22	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	28	12	10	6	2	1	71	16	29119

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	37	11	9	6	3	0	74	15	1120
2022	First Nations	36	38	12	7	5	2	0	75	12	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	43	0	11	0	0	0	89	11	15
2022	Métis	33	37	10	10	7	3	0	73	17	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	39	12	6	3	2	1	78	10	33540
2020	Indigenous	37	32	16	8	6	2	0	70	14	988
2020	Métis	35	33	17	8	6	1	0	69	14	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	34	14	6	3	2	0	75	10	29161
2019	Indigenous	28	32	16	13	8	1	0	61	22	1121
2019	First Nations	29	31	16	12	10	2	0	61	22	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	30	13	0	6	0	0	81	6	15
2019	Métis	26	34	17	14	7	1	0	61	22	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	37	17	10	6	2	0	66	17	27855
2018	Indigenous	25	36	17	12	10	1	0	61	22	1060
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	38	17	11	7	2	0	65	18	26407

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	48	7	11	6	0	0	76	17	205
2022	First Nations	27	51	4	12	7	0	0	78	18	80
2022	Métis	26	50	8	12	4	0	0	76	16	115
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	51	11	11	4	1	0	73	15	4985
2020	Indigenous	26	49	9	11	4	0	0	76	15	154
2020	Métis	23	48	12	11	6	0	0	71	17	99
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	48	12	12	3	1	0	73	15	4222
2019	Indigenous	28	42	14	13	3	0	0	70	16	162
2019	Métis	27	40	20	10	3	0	0	67	13	94
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	47	12	12	4	1	1	71	17	3946

Work-related stress

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	26	16	8	9	1	2	67	17	1120
2022	First Nations	43	24	16	7	8	1	1	69	15	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	14	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	15
2022	Métis	35	28	15	10	9	0	2	65	19	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	26	16	8	8	1	2	67	17	33395
2020	Indigenous	35	30	19	8	7	1	1	66	15	986
2020	Métis	32	31	21	9	8	0	0	63	17	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	29	16	7	5	0	1	71	12	29148
2019	Indigenous	30	26	21	10	12	0	1	57	22	1116
2019	First Nations	34	24	20	10	11	0	1	59	21	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	39	6	6	19	0	0	69	25	15
2019	Métis	27	27	22	10	12	0	1	55	23	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	31	19	9	9	0	1	64	18	27865
2018	Indigenous	25	29	21	12	12	0	1	55	24	1052
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	29	21	10	10	0	1	58	21	26421

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	27	26	12	10	0	1	51	23	1110
2022	First Nations	25	25	26	10	11	1	1	52	22	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	22	22	11	6	0	0	61	17	15
2022	Métis	21	29	25	14	10	0	1	51	24	575
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	29	25	12	9	0	2	54	21	33420
2020	Indigenous	24	29	24	13	8	1	0	54	22	990
2020	Métis	21	31	23	16	8	0	1	53	24	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	29	24	12	7	0	1	56	20	29182
2019	Indigenous	26	29	23	12	8	0	1	56	21	1121
2019	First Nations	28	28	23	12	8	0	1	56	20	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	13	13	6	0	0	69	19	15
2019	Métis	25	30	23	13	8	0	0	55	22	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	31	24	13	7	0	1	56	20	27846
2018	Indigenous	20	26	26	16	11	0	1	47	27	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	28	29	15	9	0	1	47	24	26396

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	18	8	7	1	4	66	16	1115
2022	First Nations	39	25	16	7	7	1	5	68	15	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	14	18	0	6	0	0	75	6	15
2022	Métis	31	32	18	9	6	0	3	65	16	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	27	17	8	6	1	5	67	15	33340
2020	Indigenous	37	29	17	9	5	1	2	68	15	984
2020	Métis	34	31	19	10	4	0	2	66	14	541
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	29	18	9	5	1	3	68	14	29121
2019	Indigenous	37	30	17	8	5	0	2	69	14	1117
2019	First Nations	38	30	16	8	5	0	3	70	14	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	22	25	0	6	0	0	69	6	15
2019	Métis	36	31	18	8	6	0	1	68	14	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	30	18	9	5	0	3	66	15	27749
2018	Indigenous	29	28	21	12	8	0	3	58	20	1047
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	28	23	12	7	1	3	57	20	26300

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	21	16	11	9	2	3	62	21	1115
2022	First Nations	40	21	14	11	9	3	2	64	21	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	8	8	7	17	7	0	66	26	15
2022	Métis	34	22	19	11	9	3	3	59	21	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	23	17	10	8	3	4	63	19	33390
2020	Indigenous	41	24	15	10	7	2	1	67	17	987
2020	Métis	40	25	17	11	6	1	1	66	17	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	25	17	9	6	2	3	67	15	29058
2019	Indigenous	39	22	18	10	8	1	2	63	18	1116
2019	First Nations	39	25	17	10	7	1	1	65	17	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	16	13	0	13	0	0	75	13	15
2019	Métis	40	20	19	10	9	1	1	62	19	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	26	18	11	8	1	3	62	19	27718
2018	Indigenous	28	23	20	14	11	1	3	53	26	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	25	21	13	9	2	3	55	23	26295

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	14	5	3	3	1	10	89	6	1120
2022	First Nations	66	14	5	3	3	1	9	89	6	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	0	7	6	0	0	7	85	7	15
2022	Métis	65	14	5	3	3	0	10	88	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	16	7	3	2	1	12	87	6	33440
2020	Indigenous	67	15	7	3	2	1	5	87	5	981
2020	Métis	69	15	7	3	2	0	5	88	5	542
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	17	8	4	2	1	7	85	6	29060
2019	Indigenous	71	14	6	2	2	0	6	90	4	1112
2019	First Nations	71	15	6	2	1	0	5	91	3	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	75	13	0	0	6	0	6	93	7	15
2019	Métis	70	14	6	2	2	0	6	90	4	609
2019	Non-Indigenous	65	16	6	2	2	1	8	89	4	27753
2018	Indigenous	64	16	7	3	2	0	8	87	5	1050
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	18	8	3	2	1	10	85	5	26306

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	27	17	7	10	0	1	66	17	1120
2022	First Nations	37	29	14	8	10	0	1	67	18	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	28	17	21	7	0	0	55	28	15
2022	Métis	40	24	19	5	10	0	1	65	16	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	27	16	7	6	0	1	70	14	33445
2020	Indigenous	34	26	19	11	9	1	1	61	20	987
2020	Métis	34	26	19	12	9	0	1	60	21	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	28	19	9	6	0	1	65	15	29140
2019	Indigenous	37	28	19	8	7	0	1	66	15	1122
2019	First Nations	34	30	20	8	7	0	1	65	15	458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	13	13	0	16	0	0	71	16	15
2019	Métis	38	28	18	9	6	0	1	67	15	612
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	30	17	7	6	0	1	70	13	27829
2018	Indigenous	35	28	19	9	8	0	1	63	17	1048
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	28	20	9	6	0	1	65	15	26378

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	30	14	6	5	1	2	74	12	1115
2022	First Nations	44	28	14	7	4	1	2	74	12	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	28	15	7	11	0	0	68	17	15
2022	Métis	40	30	15	6	6	1	3	73	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	29	15	6	5	2	3	73	11	33400
2020	Indigenous	38	32	17	5	5	1	1	72	11	983
2020	Métis	36	32	19	6	5	1	1	70	10	542
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	32	17	6	3	1	2	73	9	29049
2019	Indigenous	38	29	18	9	5	1	1	68	14	1120
2019	First Nations	38	30	16	9	5	1	1	69	14	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	19	13	0	6	0	0	81	6	15
2019	Métis	37	28	20	9	5	1	1	66	14	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	34	18	7	4	1	2	70	11	27812
2018	Indigenous	29	34	19	8	7	1	2	65	15	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	34	22	9	5	1	1	63	14	26319

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	31	20	9	8	1	1	62	18	1115
2022	First Nations	32	31	18	8	8	1	1	65	17	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	14	28	18	0	0	0	54	18	15
2022	Métis	27	32	23	9	8	0	1	60	17	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	29	18	9	7	1	3	65	16	33445
2020	Indigenous	26	31	22	10	8	1	1	59	19	990
2020	Métis	24	33	22	11	9	0	1	58	20	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	32	21	10	5	1	1	63	16	29042
2019	Indigenous	32	28	21	12	6	0	1	60	19	1119
2019	First Nations	33	26	21	11	8	0	1	60	19	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	45	13	0	6	0	0	81	6	15
2019	Métis	31	29	21	13	5	0	0	60	19	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	33	21	10	6	1	1	62	16	27780
2018	Indigenous	23	30	23	13	10	0	1	54	23	1055
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	25	13	7	1	1	55	20	26305

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	29	15	6	4	0	2	74	11	1120
2022	First Nations	46	28	16	5	3	1	1	75	9	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	22	24	14	0	0	0	62	14	15
2022	Métis	43	29	14	6	5	0	2	74	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	27	13	6	4	1	3	76	11	33470
2020	Indigenous	39	29	17	8	5	1	1	69	14	986
2020	Métis	37	31	16	8	6	0	1	69	14	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	31	16	8	4	1	1	72	12	29052
2019	Indigenous	41	30	15	7	6	0	0	72	14	1116
2019	First Nations	42	29	14	8	7	0	0	72	15	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	45	17	0	6	0	0	76	6	15
2019	Métis	41	30	16	7	6	0	0	71	13	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	31	17	8	4	0	1	70	13	27771
2018	Indigenous	31	31	20	9	7	0	1	64	16	1053
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	32	20	10	5	0	1	64	15	26300

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	25	12	5	5	1	2	77	11	1120
2022	First Nations	51	27	12	4	4	1	1	79	9	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	26	14	8	0	0	0	79	8	15
2022	Métis	52	23	12	5	6	0	2	76	12	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	24	11	5	5	1	2	78	10	33410
2020	Indigenous	48	25	12	7	7	1	1	75	14	986
2020	Métis	46	25	13	8	7	0	1	72	15	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	26	13	6	4	1	1	76	11	28972
2019	Indigenous	46	24	15	7	8	0	1	71	15	1115
2019	First Nations	46	25	13	6	8	0	1	72	14	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	46	13	0	6	0	0	81	6	15
2019	Métis	47	22	15	7	8	0	1	69	15	610
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	27	14	7	6	1	1	72	13	27761

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	25	11	4	3	0	1	81	8	1120
2022	First Nations	54	27	10	5	3	1	1	82	8	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	24	8	8	7	0	0	77	15	15
2022	Métis	56	23	12	4	3	0	1	80	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	25	11	4	3	1	2	80	8	33455
2020	Indigenous	28	29	22	12	8	1	1	57	21	987
2020	Métis	28	29	22	14	7	0	0	57	21	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	31	22	11	6	0	1	61	17	29101

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	31	22	10	8	0	1	60	18	1115
2022	First Nations	28	33	22	10	6	1	0	62	16	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	32	28	15	6	0	0	50	21	15
2022	Métis	29	28	23	9	9	0	1	59	18	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	10	7	0	1	62	17	33420
2020	Indigenous	25	31	21	12	10	1	0	56	22	989
2020	Métis	24	32	20	13	10	0	0	57	23	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	31	22	12	8	0	1	57	20	29070
2019	Indigenous	33	29	19	11	6	0	1	63	17	1113
2019	First Nations	33	31	19	11	6	0	1	64	17	453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	70	6	13	5	6	0	0	76	11	15
2019	Métis	33	29	20	11	6	0	1	62	18	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	32	21	11	6	0	1	62	17	27681
2018	Indigenous	24	30	23	13	9	0	1	55	22	1059
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	30	24	13	7	0	1	55	21	26246

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	14	6	2	3	0	4	88	6	1115
2022	First Nations	71	14	6	2	2	1	3	89	5	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	85	7	0	8	0	0	0	92	8	15
2022	Métis	70	14	6	2	4	0	4	88	6	575
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	15	5	2	2	1	5	90	5	33365
2020	Indigenous	54	25	11	4	3	1	1	81	7	985
2020	Métis	55	26	11	5	2	0	1	82	7	544
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	27	12	4	2	0	1	81	7	28962
2019	Indigenous	60	21	9	4	4	0	1	82	8	1114
2019	First Nations	58	24	11	3	4	0	1	83	6	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	16	6	0	11	0	0	83	11	15
2019	Métis	62	18	8	6	4	0	2	81	10	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	24	10	4	3	0	2	82	8	27709
2018	Indigenous	58	21	9	5	5	0	2	81	10	1051
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	23	12	5	4	0	3	79	9	26205

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	30	10	4	2	0	1	84	6	1120
2022	First Nations	55	30	8	4	2	0	1	86	6	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	21	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	15
2022	Métis	51	31	11	4	3	0	1	83	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	28	9	3	2	0	2	85	5	33455
2020	Indigenous	34	34	17	7	5	1	0	70	13	982
2020	Métis	34	35	16	9	6	0	0	69	15	541
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	35	19	7	4	0	0	70	11	29003

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	11	4	2	3	1	5	90	5	1115
2022	First Nations	76	10	4	2	3	1	5	92	4	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	14	16	7	0	0	0	77	7	10
2022	Métis	74	11	4	2	3	0	5	90	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	11	3	1	1	1	10	93	3	33465
2020	Indigenous	70	17	6	2	1	1	3	90	4	987
2020	Métis	70	17	7	3	1	0	2	89	4	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	17	6	2	2	1	5	89	4	28984
2019	Indigenous	74	12	5	2	3	1	4	89	5	1115
2019	First Nations	72	14	5	1	3	1	4	90	5	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	87	6	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	75	11	5	3	3	0	3	89	6	608
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	12	5	2	2	1	7	91	4	27717
2018	Indigenous	71	13	6	2	3	1	4	89	5	1049
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	15	7	2	2	1	6	88	5	26263

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	8	5	2	4	1	3	89	6	1115
2022	First Nations	78	7	5	2	4	1	2	89	6	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	8	14	7	0	0	0	79	7	15
2022	Métis	75	9	5	2	3	1	4	89	6	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	77	8	3	2	2	2	6	92	5	33475
2020	Indigenous	78	9	4	2	3	1	2	90	6	989
2020	Métis	80	9	4	2	2	0	2	91	4	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	79	9	4	2	2	1	3	92	4	29003
2019	Indigenous	69	12	8	4	5	0	1	83	9	1112
2019	First Nations	70	12	9	3	4	0	2	83	8	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	81	6	6	0	6	0	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	69	13	7	4	5	0	1	83	9	603
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	12	5	3	4	1	3	87	7	27777
2018	Indigenous	67	14	7	4	5	1	2	83	9	1054
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	13	6	3	4	1	4	86	7	26271

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	17	4	1	1	0	2	94	3	1120
2022	First Nations	76	17	3	2	1	0	1	94	2	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	22	0	6	11	0	0	83	17	15
2022	Métis	74	18	4	1	1	0	2	93	2	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	14	4	2	1	1	4	93	3	33455
2020	Indigenous	72	17	4	2	3	1	1	91	5	983
2020	Métis	71	21	5	1	2	0	1	92	3	543
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	16	5	2	1	0	2	92	3	28908
2019	Indigenous	59	27	8	3	2	0	1	87	5	1109
2019	First Nations	58	26	10	3	1	0	1	85	5	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	87	6	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2019	Métis	59	28	6	3	3	0	1	87	6	604
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	24	8	3	2	0	2	87	5	27682
2018	Indigenous	57	27	9	3	3	0	1	84	7	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	27	10	3	2	0	2	84	6	26377

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	16	5	3	4	0	2	88	7	1115
2022	First Nations	72	15	5	3	3	0	2	89	6	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	62	32	0	0	6	0	0	94	6	15
2022	Métis	69	17	6	3	4	0	2	87	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	13	5	3	3	1	4	89	6	33420
2020	Indigenous	69	15	7	3	5	1	1	85	8	988
2020	Métis	68	16	7	3	4	0	1	85	7	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	15	6	3	3	1	2	87	6	28984
2019	Indigenous	63	18	8	5	5	0	0	82	10	1107
2019	First Nations	61	20	8	6	5	0	1	81	11	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	81	6	6	0	6	0	0	87	6	15
2019	Métis	64	17	8	5	5	0	0	82	10	600
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	18	8	4	4	0	2	83	9	27643
2018	Indigenous	56	22	10	6	6	0	1	78	12	1052
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	22	10	6	5	0	2	79	11	26280

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	8	3	2	1	0	23	93	3	1115
2022	First Nations	63	7	2	2	0	1	25	94	3	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	7	6	0	0	0	25	91	0	15
2022	Métis	65	9	3	2	1	0	21	93	3	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	8	3	1	1	1	24	93	3	33415
2020	Indigenous	64	8	3	1	1	1	22	93	2	988
2020	Métis	62	10	4	1	1	0	22	92	3	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	8	3	1	1	0	25	93	3	29037
2019	Indigenous	63	9	3	1	1	0	23	94	2	1107
2019	First Nations	61	10	2	1	1	0	25	95	2	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	75	0	6	0	6	0	13	86	7	15
2019	Métis	64	8	4	1	1	0	22	93	2	599
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	10	4	1	1	0	25	92	3	27565
2018	Indigenous	57	10	4	1	1	0	27	92	3	1047
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	11	5	2	1	0	30	89	4	26148

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	17	5	2	2	0	4	90	4	1115
2022	First Nations	71	17	4	3	1	1	3	92	4	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	14	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	15
2022	Métis	67	17	6	2	3	0	5	89	5	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	14	6	2	1	1	7	90	4	33380
2020	Indigenous	65	19	7	2	4	1	2	86	6	991
2020	Métis	63	22	7	3	4	0	1	86	7	547
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	18	8	3	1	1	4	88	4	29178
2019	Indigenous	68	18	8	2	2	0	3	88	4	1106
2019	First Nations	64	20	10	3	1	0	3	86	4	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	69	13	6	0	6	0	6	87	7	15
2019	Métis	70	16	7	2	2	0	3	90	3	600
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	19	8	3	2	0	5	87	4	27651
2018	Indigenous	62	21	7	3	2	0	5	87	6	1045
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	21	10	3	2	0	6	84	6	26252

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	13	9	6	10	0	3	74	17	1120
2022	First Nations	55	14	9	6	11	1	3	72	18	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	26	14	7	8	0	0	72	14	15
2022	Métis	62	12	8	6	9	0	3	76	15	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	14	8	5	8	1	4	78	14	33505
2020	Indigenous	65	16	7	4	7	0	2	82	11	990
2020	Métis	67	14	8	4	7	0	1	82	10	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	16	8	5	6	0	2	81	11	29206
2019	Indigenous	61	13	10	5	9	1	2	76	14	1112
2019	First Nations	60	14	10	5	8	1	3	76	14	456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	69	0	6	6	13	0	6	73	20	15
2019	Métis	61	13	10	5	9	0	2	76	14	604
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	14	8	5	9	1	3	77	15	27766
2018	Indigenous	58	15	11	6	8	0	2	75	14	1056
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	16	9	6	9	1	4	76	15	26365

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	27	15	6	4	0	2	75	10	1120
2022	First Nations	48	27	14	6	4	0	1	76	10	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	20	21	7	8	0	0	64	15	15
2022	Métis	46	27	15	6	3	0	2	75	10	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	12	4	3	1	3	81	7	33500
2020	Indigenous	36	32	17	8	5	1	1	69	13	992
2020	Métis	37	32	16	10	5	0	0	69	15	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	30	16	5	3	0	1	76	9	29185
2019	Indigenous	45	31	15	5	4	0	1	76	9	1111
2019	First Nations	43	32	16	5	4	0	2	75	9	454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	22	6	0	16	0	0	78	16	15
2019	Métis	45	30	14	5	4	0	1	76	10	605
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	29	13	4	3	0	2	80	7	27705
2018	Indigenous	42	32	14	6	5	0	2	75	11	1054
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	5	3	0	2	77	8	26321

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	33	37	12	6	46	17	1120
2022	First Nations	14	34	36	11	5	48	16	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	26	28	14	11	48	25	15
2022	Métis	12	32	38	11	6	44	18	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	34	37	10	4	49	14	33570
2020	Indigenous	16	34	33	12	5	50	17	988
2020	Métis	15	33	36	11	5	48	16	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	35	33	10	3	53	14	29189
2019	Indigenous	20	32	30	14	4	52	18	1120
2019	First Nations	21	34	27	13	5	55	18	457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	19	29	46	0	6	48	6	15
2019	Métis	19	31	31	15	3	51	19	611
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	35	33	10	4	53	14	27920
2018	Indigenous	16	31	33	14	5	47	19	1057
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	33	36	12	4	47	17	26480

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	19	40	19	11	0	30	30	1115
2022	First Nations	9	18	38	23	11	0	34	27	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	14	32	15	21	0	36	32	15
2022	Métis	12	19	41	17	10	0	27	31	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	16	41	23	12	1	35	23	33485
2020	Indigenous	15	19	39	20	7	0	27	34	984
2020	Métis	15	21	38	20	6	0	26	36	545
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	18	41	23	9	0	32	27	29063
2019	Indigenous	12	19	37	21	11	0	32	31	1110
2019	First Nations	12	19	34	21	13	1	34	32	452
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	7	14	58	7	14	0	21	21	14
2019	Métis	12	18	39	21	9	0	31	30	607
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	18	39	23	10	0	33	27	27654
2018	Indigenous	12	21	36	21	10	0	31	33	1049
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	19	40	22	9	0	32	28	26133

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Compensation

Pay or other compensation issues

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	68	20	2	1120
2022	First Nations	10	71	16	3	475
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	62	38	0	15
2022	Métis	11	66	22	1	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	71	19	2	33570
2020	Indigenous	21	53	25	1	992
2020	Métis	21	49	28	1	548
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	59	25	2	29256

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	115
2022	First Nations	56	44	45
2022	Métis	52	48	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	2445
2020	Indigenous	53	47	202
2020	Métis	49	51	116
2020	Non-Indigenous	59	41	4050

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	11	6	3	2	7	19	86	6	1120
2022	First Nations	54	11	5	2	2	7	19	88	6	480
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	0	7	0	0	24	39	81	0	15
2022	Métis	53	11	6	3	2	6	18	85	7	580
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	12	5	2	1	7	23	89	4	33545
2020	Indigenous	48	20	11	5	4	3	9	77	11	989
2020	Métis	48	21	12	4	4	2	9	77	9	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	17	8	3	2	3	11	84	6	29194
2019	Indigenous	52	17	11	6	7	2	6	75	14	1112
2019	First Nations	52	19	10	5	5	2	6	77	12	455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	13	0	0	13	0	7	86	14	14
2019	Métis	52	15	12	6	7	2	6	73	15	606
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	18	10	4	4	2	8	80	9	27634
2018	Indigenous	50	16	12	7	8	1	6	71	16	1059
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	16	10	5	4	2	8	79	11	26406

Support to resolve pay or other compensation issues

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	16	22	22	22	3	6	28	48	110
2022	First Nations	13	18	23	16	21	2	7	34	41	45
2022	Métis	7	17	19	28	20	3	6	26	53	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	21	17	17	22	3	7	37	44	2445
2020	Indigenous	14	19	18	18	22	5	4	36	43	204
2020	Métis	12	21	17	17	28	3	4	35	47	116
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	24	19	18	16	1	7	42	37	4058

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	18	19	17	22	5	5	36	43	115
2022	First Nations	19	14	18	18	19	4	8	37	42	45
2022	Métis	13	19	18	17	22	7	3	36	44	65
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	22	16	19	26	3	5	35	48	2440
2020	Indigenous	10	17	16	19	28	4	6	31	52	203
2020	Métis	8	20	15	18	36	2	3	29	56	116
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	22	18	21	22	2	5	35	46	4056

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results by Theme for Canada Revenue Agency by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources