2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Parks Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Top of page

My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	43	4	9	3	85	12	195
2022	First Nations	42	43	4	9	2	85	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	39	0	14	2	84	16	35
2022	Métis	39	47	5	6	4	85	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	48	4	13	4	79	17	2815
2020	Indigenous	32	48	5	10	4	81	14	198
2020	First Nations	30	52	8	6	4	82	11	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	34	0	8	7	85	15	33
2020	Métis	27	52	4	15	3	79	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	49	6	12	3	80	15	3072

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	79	16	1	3	1	0	0	95	4	195
2022	First Nations	78	19	1	2	0	0	0	97	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	77	10	0	10	2	0	0	87	13	35
2022	Métis	82	15	0	2	1	0	0	97	3	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	18	4	2	1	0	1	93	3	2815
2020	Indigenous	71	20	4	4	0	1	0	92	4	197
2020	First Nations	78	12	3	6	0	1	0	91	6	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	55	31	6	5	0	3	0	89	5	33
2020	Métis	70	23	4	2	0	1	0	94	2	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	19	3	2	1	0	0	93	3	3061

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	25	4	8	3	0	85	11	195
2022	First Nations	60	21	5	11	4	0	80	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	19	3	3	5	0	90	8	35
2022	Métis	57	32	2	7	1	1	89	8	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	38	8	10	5	1	77	15	2810
2020	Indigenous	41	37	8	10	3	0	78	14	197
2020	First Nations	42	33	7	14	3	0	76	17	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	28	8	3	10	0	79	13	32
2020	Métis	36	46	9	9	0	0	82	9	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	39	10	13	3	0	73	16	3070
2019	Indigenous	42	32	6	14	4	1	75	18	329
2019	First Nations	39	36	5	13	5	2	76	19	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	33	0	14	2	0	84	16	36
2019	Métis	45	26	10	16	2	1	72	18	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	36	6	11	4	0	79	15	4009

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	43	11	9	4	0	76	13	195
2022	First Nations	33	48	8	7	4	0	81	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	29	13	0	2	0	85	2	35
2022	Métis	25	43	12	14	6	0	68	19	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	42	12	14	5	0	69	19	2815
2020	Indigenous	39	35	12	11	2	1	74	13	197
2020	First Nations	38	34	15	11	1	0	73	12	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	29	21	6	3	0	71	8	33
2020	Métis	40	35	6	13	3	3	77	17	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	42	12	13	3	0	72	16	3062
2019	Indigenous	32	39	7	19	3	0	71	22	330
2019	First Nations	31	41	7	18	4	0	72	22	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	29	3	24	2	0	71	26	36
2019	Métis	31	39	9	20	1	0	70	21	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	41	11	12	5	0	72	17	3999
2018	Indigenous	24	44	10	14	7	0	69	21	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	45	10	14	5	0	70	19	3905

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	32	6	9	2	0	0	83	11	195
2022	First Nations	55	37	5	1	1	0	1	93	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	19	8	2	7	0	0	83	9	35
2022	Métis	45	30	5	19	1	0	0	75	20	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	36	6	8	3	0	0	83	10	2810
2020	Indigenous	50	31	10	8	1	0	0	81	9	195
2020	First Nations	55	26	12	6	1	0	0	80	8	85
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	24	6	7	3	0	0	84	10	32
2020	Métis	44	39	7	10	0	0	0	83	10	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	38	8	9	2	0	0	82	10	3059
2019	Indigenous	44	35	6	12	2	0	0	79	14	328
2019	First Nations	41	38	5	13	3	1	0	79	16	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	25	8	8	2	0	0	82	10	36
2019	Métis	44	36	7	13	0	0	0	79	13	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	35	7	7	3	0	0	84	10	3990

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	31	10	8	3	0	79	11	195
2022	First Nations	55	21	12	7	4	0	76	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	19	10	7	5	0	77	12	35
2022	Métis	39	43	7	8	3	0	82	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	32	9	9	5	0	78	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	49	29	11	8	4	0	78	11	196
2020	First Nations	53	27	14	5	2	0	80	7	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	27	12	11	8	0	69	19	32
2020	Métis	46	33	7	10	4	0	79	14	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	31	10	8	4	0	77	12	3060
2019	Indigenous	45	31	10	10	3	1	76	14	329
2019	First Nations	51	30	8	6	4	1	82	10	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	23	17	5	5	0	73	10	36
2019	Métis	35	35	11	16	2	1	71	18	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	32	10	8	5	0	77	13	4004
2018	Indigenous	43	30	12	7	8	0	74	15	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	35	11	9	5	0	75	14	3901

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	34	6	4	2	1	88	6	195
2022	First Nations	53	33	8	3	2	1	87	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	21	5	8	2	0	85	11	35
2022	Métis	50	37	7	4	2	0	87	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	38	9	6	4	0	81	10	2815
2020	Indigenous	47	34	9	6	4	0	82	9	198
2020	First Nations	46	38	7	5	3	0	84	9	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	18	9	8	7	0	76	15	33
2020	Métis	44	37	11	5	2	0	81	8	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	40	9	7	3	0	80	10	3074
2019	Indigenous	50	31	10	7	2	0	81	10	330
2019	First Nations	54	31	7	6	2	0	85	8	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	33	10	17	0	0	73	17	36
2019	Métis	47	31	12	8	3	0	78	10	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	37	10	6	3	0	81	9	4009
2018	Indigenous	41	36	13	5	5	0	77	10	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	41	10	7	3	0	80	10	3880

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	35	10	8	6	0	76	14	195
2022	First Nations	40	33	13	8	5	0	73	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	20	2	11	5	0	82	16	35
2022	Métis	33	40	12	9	7	0	73	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	35	13	11	9	0	67	20	2820
2020	Indigenous	29	31	16	14	8	1	61	22	197
2020	First Nations	29	35	17	12	6	1	65	18	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	15	24	8	4	0	64	12	33
2020	Métis	23	36	10	20	10	1	60	30	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	38	13	11	6	0	70	17	3072
2019	Indigenous	32	38	13	11	6	0	70	17	329
2019	First Nations	37	37	14	7	5	0	74	12	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	28	11	17	5	0	67	22	35
2019	Métis	24	43	13	14	6	0	67	20	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	14	11	6	0	69	17	4003
2018	Indigenous	23	37	16	13	12	0	60	24	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	36	15	13	8	0	64	21	3902

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	43	9	8	2	0	0	81	10	195
2022	First Nations	40	43	8	6	2	0	1	84	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	38	7	12	2	0	0	78	14	35
2022	Métis	37	44	11	7	1	0	0	81	8	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	45	10	11	5	0	0	75	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	28	44	16	10	3	0	0	72	12	194
2020	First Nations	33	44	15	6	2	0	0	76	9	85
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	36	3	16	0	0	0	81	16	32
2020	Métis	18	47	20	11	4	0	0	65	15	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	41	14	11	4	0	0	72	14	3054
2019	Indigenous	34	38	11	13	4	0	0	72	17	326
2019	First Nations	38	38	11	10	2	0	0	76	13	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	33	6	17	5	3	0	71	23	35
2019	Métis	26	40	11	17	5	0	0	67	22	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	42	11	10	4	0	0	74	14	3982
2018	Indigenous	32	34	16	11	7	0	0	66	18	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	41	14	11	6	0	0	69	17	3901

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	38	6	2	1	0	91	3	195
2022	First Nations	54	39	3	1	2	0	94	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	23	6	5	0	0	90	5	35
2022	Métis	50	40	8	2	0	0	90	2	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	38	8	5	2	0	85	7	2810
2020	Indigenous	48	36	9	4	2	0	84	6	195
2020	First Nations	55	31	10	3	1	0	86	5	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	38	14	3	7	0	76	9	33
2020	Métis	47	39	7	5	2	0	86	7	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	39	10	5	2	0	84	7	3058
2019	Indigenous	48	28	13	9	2	0	76	12	329
2019	First Nations	51	30	12	4	1	0	82	6	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	21	5	18	5	3	70	24	35
2019	Métis	43	26	15	14	3	0	69	17	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	36	9	5	3	0	84	7	3984
2018	Indigenous	42	37	12	6	2	1	80	8	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	39	8	5	2	0	84	7	3898

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	37	11	5	8	0	75	13	195
2022	First Nations	38	39	12	4	6	1	78	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	31	0	4	10	0	86	14	35
2022	Métis	34	36	14	8	9	0	70	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	37	11	10	6	0	73	16	2815
2020	Indigenous	40	28	13	13	6	0	68	19	197
2020	First Nations	41	29	13	11	6	0	71	17	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	32	15	8	7	0	70	15	33
2020	Métis	41	24	12	16	6	0	65	23	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	37	13	9	6	0	72	15	3062
2019	Indigenous	37	31	12	13	7	0	68	20	328
2019	First Nations	39	33	13	10	5	0	72	15	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	28	9	3	14	0	74	17	35
2019	Métis	33	30	11	19	7	1	63	26	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	37	12	10	6	0	72	15	3995
2018	Indigenous	28	37	14	11	8	0	66	20	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	39	12	10	7	0	70	18	3895

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	29	5	1	1	93	2	195
2022	First Nations	66	28	4	1	0	95	1	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	22	2	3	2	93	5	35
2022	Métis	59	31	8	1	1	90	2	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	32	8	3	1	89	4	2815
2020	Indigenous	63	26	7	3	2	88	5	197
2020	First Nations	63	30	5	1	1	93	2	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	23	12	7	6	76	13	33
2020	Métis	66	22	7	3	1	88	5	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	34	8	3	1	88	4	3058
2019	Indigenous	66	24	7	3	1	89	4	326
2019	First Nations	69	23	4	3	1	92	4	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	28	12	0	5	82	5	34
2019	Métis	62	23	11	2	1	86	3	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	30	8	3	2	88	4	3985
2018	Indigenous	60	30	7	2	1	89	4	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	33	8	3	1	88	4	3880

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	47	9	7	3	0	1	82	9	195
2022	First Nations	33	45	12	4	3	0	2	80	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	37	9	7	2	0	0	81	10	35
2022	Métis	33	50	6	9	2	0	0	83	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	40	10	9	5	0	0	75	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	39	31	13	10	6	1	0	71	16	196
2020	First Nations	42	30	13	10	6	0	0	72	15	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	33	12	10	3	0	0	76	13	32
2020	Métis	36	31	13	12	6	3	0	69	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	40	10	9	5	0	0	76	14	3060
2019	Indigenous	37	28	12	16	7	0	0	65	22	328
2019	First Nations	39	29	13	12	8	0	0	67	19	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	37	10	11	3	0	0	76	13	35
2019	Métis	35	25	10	23	7	0	0	60	30	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	39	11	11	6	0	0	72	17	3994
2018	Indigenous	28	34	15	12	10	0	0	63	22	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	40	12	11	8	0	0	69	19	3885

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	35	8	5	2	1	0	84	7	195
2022	First Nations	41	38	14	3	3	1	0	80	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	29	0	12	0	0	2	88	12	35
2022	Métis	53	33	7	5	2	0	0	86	7	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	34	12	7	5	0	0	75	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	45	26	16	7	5	1	0	72	12	197
2020	First Nations	49	25	14	7	6	0	0	74	12	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	24	23	6	4	0	0	67	10	33
2020	Métis	44	29	14	9	2	3	0	74	11	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	35	12	7	4	0	0	76	12	3069
2019	Indigenous	40	30	13	13	4	0	0	71	16	328
2019	First Nations	39	34	14	8	5	0	0	73	13	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	30	12	11	5	0	0	72	16	35
2019	Métis	41	26	12	18	2	0	0	67	20	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	13	10	5	0	0	71	15	3994
2018	Indigenous	31	36	15	10	9	0	0	66	19	328
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	36	14	10	6	0	0	69	17	3875

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	36	15	4	3	1	78	7	195
2022	First Nations	44	37	14	3	2	0	81	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	20	10	10	0	4	80	10	35
2022	Métis	37	39	17	3	4	0	76	7	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	37	14	9	5	0	73	14	2815
2020	Indigenous	41	31	13	10	5	0	72	15	198
2020	First Nations	44	27	16	10	2	0	71	13	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	35	6	7	9	0	79	16	33
2020	Métis	38	35	9	12	6	0	73	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	41	13	9	3	0	74	13	3064
2019	Indigenous	34	39	13	10	4	0	73	14	321
2019	First Nations	37	42	8	9	3	1	80	12	161
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	48	9	12	3	0	77	14	33
2019	Métis	30	32	20	11	6	0	63	17	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	39	13	9	4	0	74	12	3979
2018	Indigenous	31	29	18	13	7	1	61	21	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	39	14	10	5	0	70	16	3888

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	38	6	2	1	91	3	195
2022	First Nations	56	37	5	1	1	93	2	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	33	2	5	0	93	5	35
2022	Métis	48	41	8	1	2	89	3	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	37	10	4	2	84	6	2820
2020	Indigenous	58	30	6	4	2	88	6	198
2020	First Nations	52	39	6	1	2	91	3	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	15	11	7	3	79	9	33
2020	Métis	62	26	5	6	1	88	8	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	38	8	5	2	85	6	3069
2019	Indigenous	54	34	7	4	1	88	5	330
2019	First Nations	56	34	5	3	2	90	5	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	19	10	14	0	76	14	36
2019	Métis	49	39	8	4	0	88	4	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	35	8	4	2	86	6	4015
2018	Indigenous	53	31	8	5	2	85	7	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	36	9	5	2	85	6	3897

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	37	18	5	4	0	1	72	10	195
2022	First Nations	29	45	13	6	5	0	1	75	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	44	15	0	0	0	2	85	0	35
2022	Métis	36	29	24	6	5	0	0	65	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	34	20	8	6	0	0	65	14	2820
2020	Indigenous	34	37	16	7	6	0	0	70	14	196
2020	First Nations	33	38	17	8	4	0	0	71	13	85
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	38	8	5	4	0	0	82	9	33
2020	Métis	29	34	20	7	10	0	0	63	17	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	34	20	9	5	0	0	66	14	3040
2019	Indigenous	37	34	18	7	3	1	0	72	9	330
2019	First Nations	39	39	13	4	3	1	0	79	7	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	31	29	2	0	0	0	68	2	36
2019	Métis	34	30	20	12	3	1	0	64	15	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	29	19	8	5	0	1	68	13	3993
2018	Indigenous	37	31	21	6	4	0	0	69	10	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	30	18	8	5	0	1	68	14	3908

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	20	42	20	11	1	1	32	26	195
2022	First Nations	5	20	41	25	10	0	0	35	25	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	11	29	32	15	5	0	50	20	35
2022	Métis	5	23	47	10	12	0	2	23	29	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	24	40	18	9	1	1	27	32	2810
2020	Indigenous	9	28	34	22	4	2	0	26	38	198
2020	First Nations	7	26	34	29	3	2	0	33	33	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	42	21	23	11	3	0	35	43	33
2020	Métis	12	26	42	14	3	3	0	18	40	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	25	40	20	6	0	0	26	33	3072
2019	Indigenous	11	26	33	18	8	2	2	28	38	328
2019	First Nations	8	27	36	16	8	1	2	25	37	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	18	36	16	9	3	3	26	36	36
2019	Métis	13	26	27	22	9	2	1	33	39	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	22	34	21	13	1	1	34	31	3994
2018	Indigenous	11	29	32	16	7	2	3	24	42	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	22	36	21	10	1	1	32	32	3892

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	26	29	17	9	1	2	27	43	195
2022	First Nations	15	27	28	17	9	1	3	28	44	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	19	24	26	17	0	0	43	32	35
2022	Métis	18	27	29	15	8	1	2	23	47	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	30	33	12	6	1	2	20	47	2810
2020	Indigenous	11	32	32	15	8	0	2	24	44	197
2020	First Nations	13	27	30	18	11	0	2	29	40	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	9	24	43	8	10	3	3	19	35	33
2020	Métis	6	42	30	15	5	0	1	21	49	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	27	33	16	7	1	1	22	44	3067
2019	Indigenous	12	30	34	10	9	3	2	20	44	327
2019	First Nations	12	24	34	13	11	4	3	25	39	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	27	44	3	5	2	3	8	46	36
2019	Métis	12	36	30	9	7	3	2	17	51	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	24	29	16	12	2	2	29	40	3995
2018	Indigenous	17	24	30	12	9	4	3	23	45	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	25	29	15	9	2	2	26	44	3889

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	10	28	42	15	0	1	59	13	195
2022	First Nations	6	5	21	45	20	1	1	67	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	32	43	10	0	5	56	10	35
2022	Métis	1	15	31	40	13	0	0	53	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	13	32	31	17	1	2	50	17	2810
2020	Indigenous	4	12	29	38	14	0	2	54	17	196
2020	First Nations	2	18	26	36	15	0	2	52	21	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	3	11	19	37	24	3	3	65	15	33
2020	Métis	5	7	36	41	11	0	0	52	12	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	12	34	35	14	0	1	49	17	3058
2019	Indigenous	3	11	28	33	20	2	3	56	15	326
2019	First Nations	2	10	28	34	22	1	3	58	13	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	4	5	33	34	19	3	3	55	9	36
2019	Métis	5	15	25	30	20	3	2	53	21	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	10	27	31	25	1	3	58	14	3973
2018	Indigenous	7	9	30	29	18	3	4	51	17	328
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	12	29	33	18	1	3	53	16	3876

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	17	34	14	16	2	2	31	33	195
2022	First Nations	11	17	35	16	18	2	2	35	29	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	12	28	35	13	2	2	50	21	35
2022	Métis	22	17	38	6	14	0	3	21	40	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	23	28	18	12	1	2	31	40	2805
2020	Indigenous	16	21	27	18	17	2	0	35	37	198
2020	First Nations	16	19	25	18	20	2	0	39	36	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	27	35	17	12	3	0	30	34	33
2020	Métis	16	21	27	18	17	1	0	35	38	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	22	29	22	12	1	1	35	35	3062
2019	Indigenous	19	18	24	21	14	2	3	37	38	327
2019	First Nations	12	19	23	28	13	2	4	43	33	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	23	25	20	13	13	3	3	28	50	36
2019	Métis	26	15	25	14	16	1	2	32	42	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	18	26	21	17	1	2	39	34	3993
2018	Indigenous	20	23	22	17	12	3	4	30	46	329
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	22	26	19	12	1	2	32	41	3884

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	26	26	18	11	1	3	30	43	195
2022	First Nations	13	23	35	11	15	2	1	27	37	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	19	23	20	12	0	7	34	41	35
2022	Métis	18	33	18	22	8	0	2	30	52	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	23	26	16	12	3	4	30	42	2810
2020	Indigenous	11	16	26	24	15	5	3	43	29	198
2020	First Nations	10	12	33	18	19	2	6	41	23	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	23	9	29	10	8	0	43	48	33
2020	Métis	9	15	24	30	13	8	1	47	27	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	18	27	27	15	2	2	44	29	3053
2019	Indigenous	12	20	28	16	15	5	3	34	35	327
2019	First Nations	5	19	29	19	19	6	3	42	26	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	16	18	17	5	8	7	26	53	36
2019	Métis	16	23	30	13	13	3	3	27	41	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	18	25	20	21	3	3	43	30	3983
2018	Indigenous	19	18	22	18	14	4	5	35	41	329
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	19	26	21	16	3	3	40	33	3872

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	22	29	22	9	1	2	32	39	195
2022	First Nations	15	21	27	24	9	1	1	34	38	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	15	29	27	19	2	3	48	21	35
2022	Métis	22	25	27	18	6	1	2	24	48	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	27	34	13	8	2	2	21	43	2810
2020	Indigenous	12	17	40	15	11	2	2	28	30	196
2020	First Nations	11	17	36	20	12	1	2	33	30	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	17	39	12	21	6	0	35	24	33
2020	Métis	12	17	46	13	7	3	1	21	31	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	25	35	17	8	2	2	25	39	3062
2019	Indigenous	16	18	30	16	12	4	4	31	36	328
2019	First Nations	13	17	33	14	14	4	6	31	33	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	13	30	32	7	3	3	42	26	36
2019	Métis	20	21	26	15	13	4	2	29	44	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	21	29	17	15	2	3	34	36	3984
2018	Indigenous	17	17	32	13	11	6	4	27	38	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	24	30	17	11	2	3	29	39	3889

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	16	32	29	12	0	2	43	24	195
2022	First Nations	9	17	30	28	12	0	5	41	28	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	13	29	36	17	2	3	56	13	35
2022	Métis	11	17	35	29	9	0	0	37	28	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	16	33	27	15	1	2	43	23	2810
2020	Indigenous	9	15	34	26	13	1	2	40	24	198
2020	First Nations	11	13	31	31	11	0	3	43	25	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	8	12	35	23	19	3	0	43	21	33
2020	Métis	6	16	40	19	15	3	1	36	23	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	16	37	28	12	0	1	40	22	3065
2019	Indigenous	14	23	30	15	10	2	4	28	40	327
2019	First Nations	14	24	28	18	11	2	5	30	40	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	23	32	8	20	5	0	30	37	35
2019	Métis	15	22	34	15	7	2	5	24	40	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	20	33	21	12	1	2	34	32	3996

Top of page

My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	34	15	13	6	4	4	64	20	195
2022	First Nations	21	33	19	15	6	4	2	57	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	47	8	12	8	2	0	72	20	35
2022	Métis	29	29	14	11	5	4	7	66	18	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	31	17	12	9	6	4	58	23	2815
2020	Indigenous	27	28	19	16	6	3	2	57	23	197
2020	First Nations	24	29	14	19	7	5	2	57	28	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	26	32	26	10	0	0	6	62	10	33
2020	Métis	31	25	23	13	7	0	1	56	20	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	33	18	13	7	5	3	59	21	3064
2019	Indigenous	25	29	12	17	11	4	2	58	29	328
2019	First Nations	29	25	12	17	12	3	1	56	31	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	45	14	4	5	8	3	74	11	35
2019	Métis	20	33	12	18	10	5	2	57	31	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	16	12	8	4	3	62	22	4004
2018	Indigenous	18	31	19	12	14	5	1	52	27	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	33	19	13	10	5	2	55	25	3899

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	33	9	11	5	1	74	17	195
2022	First Nations	32	32	11	16	6	3	66	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	33	4	5	8	0	83	13	35
2022	Métis	46	33	9	10	2	0	79	12	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	30	9	10	6	1	75	16	2815
2020	Indigenous	40	24	11	13	11	1	65	24	196
2020	First Nations	37	30	11	9	12	1	68	21	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	27	12	12	0	0	76	12	32
2020	Métis	39	17	11	18	11	3	58	30	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	32	10	11	6	1	74	16	3059
2019	Indigenous	40	25	13	12	8	1	66	21	329
2019	First Nations	38	30	9	13	8	1	69	22	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	11	21	3	5	0	71	8	35
2019	Métis	38	23	16	12	9	1	62	21	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	30	9	11	6	0	73	17	4007
2018	Indigenous	29	32	11	12	14	1	62	26	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	33	10	13	8	1	69	21	3894

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	36	9	4	3	84	7	195
2022	First Nations	40	39	14	5	3	79	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	64	24	2	10	0	87	10	35
2022	Métis	49	39	7	1	4	88	5	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	33	7	7	3	83	10	2815
2020	Indigenous	51	31	9	6	3	82	9	196
2020	First Nations	45	38	7	6	4	84	10	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	28	15	0	0	85	0	32
2020	Métis	55	25	10	7	2	80	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	33	8	8	3	81	11	3055
2019	Indigenous	40	37	9	10	4	77	14	329
2019	First Nations	37	42	7	11	3	79	14	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	68	17	7	8	0	85	8	35
2019	Métis	38	35	11	8	7	74	15	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	36	8	8	3	80	12	4006
2018	Indigenous	38	34	11	11	6	72	17	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	39	9	8	4	79	12	3891

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	41	10	5	4	0	0	82	8	195
2022	First Nations	33	45	12	4	6	0	0	78	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	24	13	2	0	0	0	85	2	35
2022	Métis	40	44	6	6	3	0	0	84	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	37	9	5	3	1	0	83	8	2815
2020	Indigenous	47	31	9	7	3	1	1	80	11	197
2020	First Nations	50	28	7	5	6	2	1	81	12	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	29	14	6	0	0	0	80	6	33
2020	Métis	45	34	10	8	2	1	0	80	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	37	11	5	2	1	0	81	8	3045
2019	Indigenous	42	32	13	7	5	1	0	74	13	328
2019	First Nations	43	33	12	5	6	1	0	77	11	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	32	11	5	3	0	0	81	8	35
2019	Métis	38	32	13	11	6	1	0	71	17	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	38	10	6	2	0	0	81	9	4010
2018	Indigenous	31	37	17	8	6	1	0	69	14	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	42	12	6	3	1	0	78	10	3898

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	27	9	6	3	4	2	80	10	195
2022	First Nations	46	26	9	10	3	4	2	77	14	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	28	10	3	5	7	0	81	8	35
2022	Métis	52	24	10	4	2	5	3	82	7	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	30	9	6	2	4	3	82	9	2820

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	27	13	9	5	5	2	72	14	195
2022	First Nations	37	25	10	14	7	5	2	67	22	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	22	17	0	10	7	0	71	11	35
2022	Métis	41	30	14	6	1	5	3	77	8	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	30	11	7	2	4	3	78	10	2815

Top of page

My Immediate Supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	24	14	6	1	0	2	79	7	195
2022	First Nations	67	11	14	3	2	0	3	80	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	12	14	0	0	0	75	14	35
2022	Métis	46	32	15	6	0	0	1	79	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	28	11	5	3	1	2	81	8	2815
2020	Indigenous	49	26	14	7	3	0	1	76	10	196
2020	First Nations	56	22	10	8	4	0	1	79	11	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	16	21	6	4	0	3	68	11	32
2020	Métis	40	33	16	7	3	1	0	74	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	28	12	5	3	1	2	80	8	3068
2019	Indigenous	44	27	13	8	4	1	3	74	13	329
2019	First Nations	43	28	11	5	7	1	4	75	13	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	25	8	16	0	0	0	76	16	36
2019	Métis	42	26	17	9	2	1	3	71	11	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	29	14	5	3	1	4	76	9	4008

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	30	7	8	7	1	0	77	15	195
2022	First Nations	49	24	12	3	9	1	1	75	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	23	5	13	0	0	0	82	13	35
2022	Métis	41	35	4	12	7	1	0	77	19	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	34	11	10	7	0	0	72	17	2815
2020	Indigenous	39	28	12	13	6	0	2	68	19	197
2020	First Nations	41	32	9	11	6	0	2	74	17	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	58	21	14	4	3	0	0	79	7	33
2020	Métis	30	25	17	20	7	0	1	55	28	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	32	12	9	6	0	0	74	15	3064
2019	Indigenous	42	29	12	9	6	1	1	73	15	329
2019	First Nations	45	29	11	7	6	1	1	76	13	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	29	5	9	5	0	0	81	14	36
2019	Métis	36	30	14	11	8	1	0	67	19	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	33	14	9	6	0	0	71	15	4014
2018	Indigenous	35	33	12	8	11	0	0	69	19	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	35	12	10	7	1	0	72	17	3891

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	24	9	4	4	3	1	82	9	195
2022	First Nations	56	18	14	6	2	3	1	76	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	24	5	2	5	6	0	87	8	35
2022	Métis	53	31	5	3	6	2	1	86	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	25	11	6	5	1	1	77	11	2815
2020	Indigenous	44	24	16	7	5	1	3	71	12	195
2020	First Nations	47	24	13	4	6	2	4	75	11	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	15	15	7	0	0	6	77	7	33
2020	Métis	36	25	21	10	6	0	1	62	16	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	24	12	6	5	2	1	76	11	3063

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	29	10	6	6	1	1	78	12	195
2022	First Nations	48	28	12	5	5	1	1	78	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	32	9	5	10	0	0	76	14	35
2022	Métis	48	29	8	7	6	1	1	78	14	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	33	10	8	5	0	0	77	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	45	28	11	10	6	0	0	72	16	196
2020	First Nations	48	30	9	7	6	0	0	78	13	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	26	12	7	3	0	0	78	10	33
2020	Métis	37	27	13	14	9	0	0	64	23	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	31	9	8	4	0	0	79	12	3068
2019	Indigenous	45	28	12	8	5	2	0	74	14	330
2019	First Nations	47	26	11	10	4	2	1	75	14	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	35	5	11	2	0	0	81	14	36
2019	Métis	42	28	16	5	7	3	0	72	12	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	31	9	8	5	1	0	78	12	4003
2018	Indigenous	40	30	9	9	11	1	0	71	20	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	33	11	9	5	0	0	75	14	3879

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	26	7	2	2	2	4	88	4	195
2022	First Nations	61	18	7	3	4	3	3	84	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	24	10	2	0	2	2	87	3	35
2022	Métis	54	32	4	2	1	2	5	93	3	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	22	6	2	4	2	3	86	7	2820

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	21	8	5	4	1	0	83	8	195
2022	First Nations	64	20	8	2	5	1	0	84	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	25	5	5	5	2	0	85	10	35
2022	Métis	62	20	9	6	3	0	0	82	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	28	9	7	5	0	0	79	12	2815
2020	Indigenous	51	23	13	7	6	0	0	74	13	198
2020	First Nations	52	23	13	8	5	0	0	75	12	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	19	15	3	3	0	0	79	6	33
2020	Métis	49	20	13	9	8	0	0	69	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	27	9	7	4	0	0	81	11	3074
2019	Indigenous	52	25	9	8	4	1	0	78	12	329
2019	First Nations	54	24	10	5	5	1	1	79	11	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	15	14	8	2	0	0	76	10	36
2019	Métis	47	30	8	10	4	1	0	78	14	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	28	8	7	5	0	0	80	12	4013
2018	Indigenous	47	25	10	8	10	0	0	72	18	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	28	11	8	6	0	0	75	14	3883

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	82	8	5	0	1	0	4	94	1	195
2022	First Nations	87	6	3	0	0	0	3	96	0	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	23	10	0	4	0	9	85	5	35
2022	Métis	89	4	4	1	1	0	3	95	2	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	81	8	3	2	2	0	4	93	4	2820
2019	Indigenous	76	10	6	2	2	0	5	90	4	328
2019	First Nations	78	11	5	1	1	0	4	93	2	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	15	8	3	10	0	2	79	13	36
2019	Métis	75	8	7	2	2	1	5	88	5	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	82	8	4	1	2	0	3	93	3	3998

Top of page

Senior Management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	28	14	8	4	5	0	73	12	195
2022	First Nations	40	25	22	6	2	5	0	68	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	18	5	7	7	12	0	78	16	35
2022	Métis	42	32	9	9	5	2	0	75	15	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	32	13	9	6	6	0	70	16	2820
2020	Indigenous	41	26	11	7	6	7	1	73	15	197
2020	First Nations	44	29	9	4	5	9	0	79	11	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	30	9	4	0	6	3	86	4	32
2020	Métis	37	23	15	12	7	5	0	63	21	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	30	13	9	5	6	0	71	15	3072
2019	Indigenous	38	27	13	11	6	3	1	68	18	328
2019	First Nations	40	27	14	10	2	5	1	72	13	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	29	5	11	0	0	0	83	11	36
2019	Métis	32	26	13	12	14	2	1	60	27	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	33	13	9	6	5	0	70	16	3997
2018	Indigenous	31	30	16	11	8	4	0	63	20	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	30	16	10	7	5	0	65	19	3901

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	31	12	11	7	4	0	69	18	195
2022	First Nations	36	30	17	10	4	2	0	67	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	16	5	14	7	14	0	69	25	35
2022	Métis	35	35	10	11	8	1	0	70	20	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	33	14	13	9	2	0	62	23	2815
2020	Indigenous	37	31	9	13	6	2	1	71	20	197
2020	First Nations	40	31	6	10	7	6	0	75	18	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	31	14	7	0	0	3	78	7	32
2020	Métis	32	33	11	17	7	0	0	65	24	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	15	11	7	2	0	66	19	3066
2019	Indigenous	39	23	14	13	8	2	1	64	22	328
2019	First Nations	41	24	12	12	7	3	1	68	20	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	24	16	6	3	0	0	76	9	36
2019	Métis	32	22	16	16	12	1	1	55	29	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	32	15	12	8	2	0	64	21	3995
2018	Indigenous	30	27	15	13	12	2	0	59	25	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	16	14	9	2	0	60	24	3891

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	32	15	16	10	4	0	58	26	195
2022	First Nations	26	34	19	12	5	4	0	63	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	25	18	9	8	12	0	61	19	35
2022	Métis	23	32	6	23	15	1	0	55	38	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	30	18	18	12	4	0	51	31	2815
2020	Indigenous	25	31	19	9	10	4	0	59	21	197
2020	First Nations	29	27	20	9	9	6	0	60	19	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	23	23	4	3	0	0	70	7	33
2020	Métis	14	40	17	12	13	5	0	56	26	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	34	18	15	9	4	0	56	25	3071
2019	Indigenous	27	27	15	16	10	4	1	57	27	327
2019	First Nations	29	29	10	16	10	5	1	62	27	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	31	13	9	3	0	0	76	11	36
2019	Métis	20	23	23	18	13	4	1	44	32	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	30	19	16	10	4	0	53	28	3994
2018	Indigenous	21	26	18	15	15	3	0	50	31	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	30	20	18	11	4	0	49	31	3892

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	29	16	16	11	4	0	55	28	195
2022	First Nations	30	22	22	17	6	3	0	54	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	23	10	5	10	12	0	73	16	35
2022	Métis	15	35	12	19	16	2	0	52	36	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	32	16	19	13	2	0	50	33	2820
2020	Indigenous	27	29	15	17	10	3	0	58	27	198
2020	First Nations	29	28	15	15	9	3	0	59	25	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	29	15	16	0	0	0	70	16	33
2020	Métis	21	30	14	17	15	3	0	53	33	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	36	16	17	10	2	0	56	28	3074
2019	Indigenous	25	26	12	16	17	3	1	53	34	326
2019	First Nations	25	28	14	12	18	3	0	54	31	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	23	11	10	3	4	2	74	14	36
2019	Métis	21	23	10	24	20	2	1	45	45	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	31	17	18	12	3	0	51	31	4001
2018	Indigenous	21	28	15	16	17	2	0	50	34	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	30	17	21	14	2	0	47	36	3893

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	16	12	10	9	11	8	61	24	195
2022	First Nations	34	18	15	8	8	9	7	63	19	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	17	7	15	10	20	12	54	36	35
2022	Métis	37	12	13	10	12	10	7	59	26	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	19	13	8	7	15	7	64	19	2820
2020	Indigenous	28	16	15	8	12	15	8	56	25	196
2020	First Nations	25	13	20	8	11	15	8	49	25	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	18	18	9	7	15	12	54	22	32
2020	Métis	35	17	8	8	14	15	4	63	27	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	19	13	8	7	12	6	65	19	3074
2019	Indigenous	27	15	12	13	10	20	4	54	30	328
2019	First Nations	25	14	13	14	8	21	3	52	30	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	20	15	16	13	10	3	50	33	36
2019	Métis	28	15	10	11	12	20	5	57	30	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	17	14	10	8	14	4	60	23	4006

Top of page

My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	46	12	7	4	2	0	78	11	195
2022	First Nations	28	53	10	7	0	2	0	82	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	34	10	7	0	6	0	81	8	35
2022	Métis	31	43	13	5	8	0	0	73	14	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	44	14	10	5	1	0	72	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	35	36	20	5	4	1	0	71	9	198
2020	First Nations	37	36	17	6	1	2	0	75	7	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	33	20	0	0	3	0	80	0	33
2020	Métis	28	37	21	6	8	0	0	65	14	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	43	15	9	3	1	0	72	12	3071
2019	Indigenous	31	40	14	10	4	0	0	72	14	329
2019	First Nations	35	39	12	8	5	0	1	74	13	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	45	9	10	0	2	0	80	10	36
2019	Métis	26	39	17	13	4	1	0	66	17	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	41	16	8	3	1	0	72	12	4006
2018	Indigenous	28	38	17	8	8	2	0	67	15	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	42	15	10	4	1	0	70	15	3902

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	39	19	16	8	2	0	57	24	195
2022	First Nations	16	41	19	14	6	5	0	60	21	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	47	8	20	0	2	0	71	20	35
2022	Métis	16	35	22	15	13	0	0	50	28	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	33	22	21	10	2	0	46	32	2815
2020	Indigenous	22	34	21	14	6	1	2	58	20	194
2020	First Nations	24	33	17	16	3	1	5	61	21	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	29	28	3	0	0	0	69	3	32
2020	Métis	14	37	21	16	12	1	0	51	28	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	38	21	18	6	2	0	54	25	3059
2019	Indigenous	21	34	18	17	7	2	0	57	24	329
2019	First Nations	25	33	16	17	6	2	1	60	24	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	37	17	10	3	6	0	68	14	36
2019	Métis	15	35	20	19	9	1	0	51	29	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	33	21	19	7	3	0	51	27	3999

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	31	11	12	8	2	0	69	20	195
2022	First Nations	32	37	11	13	4	3	0	72	17	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	13	12	14	5	5	0	67	20	35
2022	Métis	37	31	9	10	12	0	0	69	22	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	39	12	12	6	2	1	69	19	2815
2020	Indigenous	38	34	10	10	5	3	1	75	15	196
2020	First Nations	35	35	11	11	5	3	0	72	17	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	31	15	3	0	3	3	81	3	32
2020	Métis	38	36	7	11	6	1	0	75	18	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	37	12	10	4	2	0	73	15	3064
2019	Indigenous	35	27	13	16	7	2	0	63	23	328
2019	First Nations	35	27	9	18	7	3	1	65	26	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	24	18	11	0	3	0	69	12	36
2019	Métis	34	26	17	14	9	0	0	60	23	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	35	13	10	5	2	1	71	15	4010
2018	Indigenous	32	37	7	10	9	3	1	72	20	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	37	14	10	6	2	1	70	16	3901

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	38	14	7	4	1	0	75	11	195
2022	First Nations	34	36	19	8	1	1	0	71	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	23	7	12	5	2	0	75	17	35
2022	Métis	36	42	10	4	7	0	0	79	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	39	17	8	4	1	0	70	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	38	31	14	11	4	1	0	70	16	198
2020	First Nations	37	29	18	10	3	2	0	68	14	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	37	6	7	0	3	0	87	7	33
2020	Métis	37	31	13	14	5	0	0	68	19	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	38	18	6	3	1	0	72	10	3064
2019	Indigenous	34	30	18	10	6	2	0	65	16	328
2019	First Nations	39	30	13	10	5	3	0	71	15	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	27	23	5	2	3	2	67	8	36
2019	Métis	26	31	23	12	7	1	0	57	19	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	38	17	8	4	2	0	70	12	3996
2018	Indigenous	29	31	17	13	8	1	0	62	21	329
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	38	18	10	4	2	0	67	14	3885

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	28	16	12	15	4	0	56	28	195
2022	First Nations	21	27	19	13	13	7	0	52	28	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	26	13	7	15	5	0	64	23	35
2022	Métis	28	27	13	13	17	2	1	57	30	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	26	17	14	12	8	2	51	30	2815
2020	Indigenous	30	24	13	14	14	4	0	57	29	197
2020	First Nations	27	31	15	11	10	5	1	61	22	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	24	16	3	12	9	0	65	17	33
2020	Métis	33	18	10	20	18	1	0	51	38	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	27	17	13	11	7	1	55	26	3065
2019	Indigenous	27	20	16	17	13	5	2	50	32	329
2019	First Nations	30	22	12	16	14	5	3	56	32	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	13	30	13	5	5	0	50	19	35
2019	Métis	21	19	19	19	14	7	1	43	36	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	27	17	14	12	6	2	54	28	4005
2018	Indigenous	21	25	17	11	18	6	1	50	32	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	27	18	14	13	6	1	52	29	3898

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	35	11	11	8	2	0	70	19	195
2022	First Nations	31	30	15	11	11	2	0	62	23	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	33	11	2	5	5	0	80	8	35
2022	Métis	31	39	9	15	7	0	0	70	21	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	34	17	15	10	2	0	57	25	2815
2020	Indigenous	31	27	18	14	7	1	1	59	22	198
2020	First Nations	32	27	17	14	7	1	2	61	22	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	14	9	7	3	0	69	16	33
2020	Métis	27	28	19	16	8	1	0	56	25	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	35	18	14	8	2	0	59	23	3059
2019	Indigenous	30	28	12	14	13	3	1	60	28	327
2019	First Nations	34	31	11	9	10	4	1	69	20	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	14	7	10	16	5	0	65	28	36
2019	Métis	18	27	15	23	15	1	1	46	38	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	33	17	14	10	3	0	58	25	4009
2018	Indigenous	21	28	19	13	15	3	0	51	29	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	30	18	17	11	3	0	52	29	3900

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	24	14	8	4	1	5	72	13	195
2022	First Nations	38	25	14	9	7	0	6	68	17	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	32	9	5	5	5	4	79	11	35
2022	Métis	48	21	17	8	2	0	4	72	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	28	14	6	4	1	4	74	11	2820
2020	Indigenous	45	26	14	9	4	1	1	73	13	198
2020	First Nations	49	26	14	5	2	0	3	78	8	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	24	18	8	6	3	0	67	15	33
2020	Métis	42	26	12	12	6	1	0	69	19	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	25	15	5	3	1	2	76	9	3072
2019	Indigenous	44	23	16	7	4	1	4	71	12	326
2019	First Nations	45	22	16	6	4	1	6	72	10	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	26	21	14	6	0	3	58	21	35
2019	Métis	49	22	16	7	4	1	2	73	11	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	24	14	5	3	1	4	77	8	3997

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	26	18	7	1	1	4	72	8	195
2022	First Nations	43	24	19	5	2	1	5	72	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	18	22	3	0	5	6	72	3	35
2022	Métis	38	31	16	12	0	0	2	71	13	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	25	17	7	5	1	3	69	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	46	22	13	9	5	3	2	72	14	198
2020	First Nations	49	19	14	6	5	3	3	74	12	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	17	9	3	3	0	70	13	33
2020	Métis	46	23	10	10	6	4	1	72	17	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	27	16	7	3	1	2	73	10	3068
2019	Indigenous	38	22	17	13	5	2	3	63	19	327
2019	First Nations	38	25	16	11	4	2	4	67	16	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	16	19	14	8	5	0	57	23	36
2019	Métis	38	18	19	15	4	2	3	60	20	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	25	18	7	5	2	3	69	12	3992

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	18	3	4	2	3	3	90	7	195
2022	First Nations	59	20	6	5	1	5	5	87	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	13	2	7	3	4	4	86	11	35
2022	Métis	71	20	1	3	2	1	2	94	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	9	5	2	3	2	5	90	5	2815
2020	Indigenous	69	9	9	1	5	4	2	84	7	196
2020	First Nations	69	10	4	1	5	7	4	88	7	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	69	14	9	3	3	3	0	85	6	33
2020	Métis	71	7	15	0	4	2	1	81	4	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	9	4	2	2	2	2	92	4	3068
2019	Indigenous	68	14	7	3	4	2	3	87	7	322
2019	First Nations	69	14	7	3	2	1	5	87	5	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	11	3	6	5	0	80	9	34
2019	Métis	72	14	3	3	5	3	1	89	8	119
2019	Non-Indigenous	78	9	4	2	2	2	4	92	4	3990

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	14	5	3	1	2	8	90	5	195
2022	First Nations	66	12	5	3	1	2	11	90	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	24	5	3	2	4	7	89	5	35
2022	Métis	70	12	5	4	2	1	7	89	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	8	4	2	2	1	10	92	4	2815
2020	Indigenous	67	14	6	2	4	2	5	87	7	198
2020	First Nations	73	5	8	1	4	0	9	86	6	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	15	15	6	10	3	3	68	16	33
2020	Métis	67	25	1	1	2	2	1	95	4	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	10	3	1	1	2	7	93	3	3066
2019	Indigenous	64	14	5	3	2	4	7	88	7	325
2019	First Nations	64	16	4	3	3	2	8	89	7	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	16	16	3	3	9	0	77	6	36
2019	Métis	67	10	3	4	1	6	8	90	7	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	7	3	2	2	2	8	92	4	3987

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	28	13	11	14	4	3	60	26	195
2022	First Nations	19	26	18	13	17	4	3	49	32	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	33	8	13	5	0	2	73	19	35
2022	Métis	32	26	12	8	14	5	3	63	24	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	34	12	16	13	2	2	57	31	2815
2020	Indigenous	26	26	17	15	12	1	3	54	28	197
2020	First Nations	31	22	11	16	16	2	2	56	33	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	32	20	9	7	0	3	63	16	33
2020	Métis	19	29	19	18	10	0	5	50	30	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	29	17	16	13	2	2	52	30	3072
2019	Indigenous	28	21	15	11	19	4	1	52	32	330
2019	First Nations	36	19	15	7	16	4	3	59	25	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	29	5	8	14	8	0	71	23	36
2019	Métis	17	22	16	17	25	3	0	40	44	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	30	16	16	14	2	2	52	31	4011
2018	Indigenous	21	27	16	13	16	4	2	52	32	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	29	17	18	16	2	2	48	35	3895

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	49	12	6	4	2	0	78	10	195
2022	First Nations	23	55	8	4	7	2	0	80	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	32	24	2	0	0	0	74	2	35
2022	Métis	27	46	13	9	2	3	0	75	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	44	16	10	5	2	0	68	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	27	42	13	9	5	4	1	72	15	197
2020	First Nations	25	42	15	8	4	6	1	71	13	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	29	12	7	3	3	3	77	10	33
2020	Métis	23	49	8	12	6	1	0	74	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	46	15	10	3	2	0	72	13	3064
2019	Indigenous	25	40	16	9	8	3	0	67	17	330
2019	First Nations	26	42	12	9	7	3	1	72	16	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	19	57	13	0	5	5	0	80	6	36
2019	Métis	24	32	22	10	10	2	0	57	20	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	43	17	11	5	2	0	66	16	4014
2018	Indigenous	22	39	15	10	11	3	0	63	22	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	38	20	12	7	2	0	61	19	3905

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	40	7	8	3	0	82	11	195
2022	First Nations	36	45	7	8	4	1	81	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	15	4	11	2	0	83	13	35
2022	Métis	40	42	8	7	3	0	82	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	40	12	8	4	2	76	12	2820
2020	Indigenous	39	35	12	8	5	0	74	14	198
2020	First Nations	43	31	11	5	10	0	74	15	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	34	9	10	0	0	81	10	33
2020	Métis	34	38	13	11	3	1	73	14	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	43	12	6	3	1	79	9	3061
2019	Indigenous	38	35	14	7	6	1	73	13	330
2019	First Nations	41	34	14	6	4	1	75	10	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	39	5	10	0	3	84	11	36
2019	Métis	33	36	15	7	9	0	69	17	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	38	14	6	3	1	76	10	4001
2018	Indigenous	38	33	12	8	7	1	73	15	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	41	13	6	3	2	79	8	3873

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	36	13	8	3	3	1	74	12	195
2022	First Nations	32	34	13	14	6	0	1	67	21	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	23	13	5	0	2	0	81	5	35
2022	Métis	31	40	14	7	3	6	0	75	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	39	15	7	3	5	1	72	11	2820
2020	Indigenous	35	35	16	5	5	4	0	73	11	197
2020	First Nations	40	32	8	8	10	3	0	74	18	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	32	22	0	3	3	0	75	3	33
2020	Métis	29	40	20	5	1	5	0	72	7	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	36	16	7	2	4	1	74	9	3064
2019	Indigenous	41	32	14	6	4	3	0	75	10	330
2019	First Nations	45	34	10	5	5	3	0	81	9	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	31	13	0	12	9	0	73	13	36
2019	Métis	38	29	20	8	2	2	0	69	11	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	33	16	5	2	3	0	76	8	4008
2018	Indigenous	42	27	16	7	6	2	0	70	14	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	37	16	6	3	3	0	75	8	3868

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	24	24	10	6	14	0	54	19	195
2022	First Nations	20	25	27	11	5	12	0	50	19	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	13	20	10	8	14	0	57	20	35
2022	Métis	22	24	22	8	7	16	0	55	19	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	25	25	8	4	13	1	57	14	2815
2020	Indigenous	33	33	14	12	5	4	1	68	17	198
2020	First Nations	35	34	8	13	8	2	0	70	22	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	29	14	14	4	9	0	65	20	33
2020	Métis	32	32	18	10	1	4	2	68	13	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	33	20	8	3	6	1	68	11	3073

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	28	7	7	5	3	1	81	12	195
2022	First Nations	46	30	7	10	4	1	1	78	15	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	20	4	6	10	5	0	78	17	35
2022	Métis	53	25	8	4	4	5	1	83	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	33	8	6	3	4	2	83	9	2810
2020	Indigenous	48	28	12	6	6	0	1	76	11	197
2020	First Nations	53	26	5	7	8	0	0	79	15	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	25	11	6	7	0	3	75	13	33
2020	Métis	44	32	17	4	3	0	0	76	7	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	32	9	5	3	2	1	83	8	3064

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	9	21	7	31	9	18	53	19	195
2022	First Nations	2	13	24	10	32	4	15	52	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	3	20	6	27	14	20	49	20	35
2022	Métis	5	8	18	6	33	11	19	56	18	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	5	13	9	45	4	22	72	11	2815

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	13	27	4	3	31	4	48	10	195
2022	First Nations	24	10	32	2	3	26	3	47	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	0	19	3	10	33	12	42	24	35
2022	Métis	14	17	24	5	1	36	2	51	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	16	25	4	3	38	5	44	12	2815

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	35	5	5	2	0	88	7	195
2022	First Nations	54	33	8	2	2	0	87	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	22	5	3	2	0	90	5	35
2022	Métis	50	39	2	8	2	0	89	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	37	7	6	2	0	85	8	2820
2020	Indigenous	52	33	6	6	2	0	86	8	198
2020	First Nations	51	34	9	2	3	0	85	6	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	20	3	6	4	3	87	10	33
2020	Métis	50	38	4	7	1	0	88	9	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	32	8	5	2	0	85	7	3063
2019	Indigenous	53	29	8	6	4	0	82	10	330
2019	First Nations	55	29	8	5	3	1	84	8	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	33	8	5	0	0	87	5	36
2019	Métis	50	27	8	10	6	0	77	15	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	32	8	5	3	0	84	8	4007
2018	Indigenous	46	32	11	5	6	1	78	11	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	5	3	0	83	8	3875

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	32	8	6	5	0	81	11	195
2022	First Nations	46	38	11	1	3	0	84	5	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	17	5	3	2	2	90	5	35
2022	Métis	44	31	6	11	7	0	75	19	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	32	12	7	5	0	76	12	2815
2020	Indigenous	49	28	13	6	5	0	77	10	198
2020	First Nations	47	27	17	4	5	0	74	9	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	14	12	6	4	0	79	10	33
2020	Métis	45	34	9	7	5	0	79	13	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	33	12	7	4	0	78	11	3056
2019	Indigenous	46	32	11	7	5	0	77	12	330
2019	First Nations	47	36	9	5	4	0	82	9	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	30	5	15	0	0	79	15	36
2019	Métis	44	27	13	9	7	0	71	16	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	30	12	8	4	0	76	12	4005
2018	Indigenous	42	27	15	6	10	1	70	16	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	32	14	7	5	0	74	12	3870

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	35	9	7	4	0	0	80	11	195
2022	First Nations	46	35	12	5	2	0	0	81	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	26	8	7	2	0	0	83	10	35
2022	Métis	39	41	5	8	7	0	0	80	15	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	37	11	10	5	0	0	74	15	2820
2020	Indigenous	44	30	13	10	3	0	0	74	13	197
2020	First Nations	41	32	13	10	3	1	0	74	13	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	12	3	4	0	0	81	7	32
2020	Métis	42	32	10	14	3	0	0	73	16	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	34	12	8	3	0	0	76	12	3046
2019	Indigenous	43	31	10	10	6	0	0	74	16	327
2019	First Nations	47	33	8	9	4	0	0	79	13	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	30	13	14	0	0	0	73	14	36
2019	Métis	38	28	13	10	10	0	1	67	20	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	33	12	10	4	0	0	74	14	4001
2018	Indigenous	38	28	16	8	8	1	0	67	17	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	35	14	9	5	0	0	71	14	3862

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	26	11	5	5	2	0	78	10	195
2022	First Nations	51	26	12	5	1	5	0	81	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	21	8	0	8	0	2	84	8	35
2022	Métis	49	25	12	8	7	0	0	74	14	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	26	15	9	6	3	0	69	15	2820
2020	Indigenous	46	27	13	7	4	3	0	75	11	198
2020	First Nations	48	27	14	3	1	5	1	80	4	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	20	6	9	13	3	0	72	22	33
2020	Métis	41	32	12	10	5	0	0	73	15	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	25	16	8	4	2	0	71	12	3059
2019	Indigenous	42	19	21	9	5	4	0	63	15	329
2019	First Nations	44	18	22	7	4	5	0	65	12	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	26	13	18	9	2	0	60	27	36
2019	Métis	42	17	19	11	6	4	1	62	17	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	27	15	8	5	3	1	70	14	4010
2018	Indigenous	42	20	16	9	8	4	1	65	18	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	27	17	11	6	3	1	65	17	3879

Top of page

Mobility and Retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	33	31	195
2022	First Nations	25	40	35	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	31	45	35
2022	Métis	50	27	23	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	31	29	2820
2020	Indigenous	25	42	32	198
2020	First Nations	19	47	35	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	35	40	33
2020	Métis	34	39	27	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	42	36	3073
2019	Indigenous	29	33	38	330
2019	First Nations	25	40	36	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	30	53	36
2019	Métis	34	25	40	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	37	35	4012
2018	Indigenous	24	38	38	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	36	37	3869

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	23	13	11	16	17	70
2022	First Nations	15	19	24	26	7	9	25
2022	Métis	25	20	11	7	17	20	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	40	14	9	20	6	1065
2020	Indigenous	20	28	20	9	9	13	49
2020	Métis	25	19	26	7	11	12	25
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	35	18	8	13	7	705
2019	Indigenous	11	19	11	15	36	7	97
2019	Métis	22	15	12	6	41	4	44
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	22	13	10	39	6	1165
2018	Indigenous	10	26	11	15	28	11	85
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	23	13	10	36	6	1091

Top of page

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	195
2022	First Nations	14	86	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	77	35
2022	Métis	22	78	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	2815
2020	Indigenous	16	84	198
2020	First Nations	12	88	87
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	3068
2019	Indigenous	17	83	329
2019	First Nations	14	86	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	36
2019	Métis	23	77	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	4004
2018	Indigenous	25	75	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	3898

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	52	35
2022	First Nations	61	39	10
2022	Métis	36	64	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	350
2020	Indigenous	58	42	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	329
2019	Indigenous	54	46	54
2019	Métis	46	54	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	50	529
2018	Indigenous	42	58	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	553

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	48	35
2022	First Nations	25	75	10
2022	Métis	72	28	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	350
2020	Indigenous	58	42	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	43	329
2019	Indigenous	59	41	54
2019	Métis	65	35	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	529
2018	Indigenous	57	43	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	47	552

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	35
2022	First Nations	8	92	10
2022	Métis	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	350
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	9	91	54
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	529
2018	Indigenous	8	92	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	549

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	35
2022	First Nations	100	10
2022	Métis	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	350
2019	Métis	100	26

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	35
2022	First Nations	6	94	10
2022	Métis	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	350
2019	Métis	0	100	26

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	35
2022	First Nations	50	50	10
2022	Métis	51	49	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	350
2020	Indigenous	17	83	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	329
2019	Indigenous	21	79	54
2019	Métis	20	80	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	529
2018	Indigenous	30	70	78
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	551

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	35
2022	First Nations	7	93	10
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	350
2018	Indigenous	9	91	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	547

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	35
2022	First Nations	36	64	10
2022	Métis	24	76	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	345
2020	Indigenous	35	65	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	329
2019	Indigenous	37	63	53
2019	Métis	27	73	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	526
2018	Indigenous	41	59	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	57	552

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	35
2022	First Nations	8	92	10
2022	Métis	28	72	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	345
2020	Indigenous	43	57	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	329
2019	Indigenous	46	54	53
2019	Métis	50	50	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	62	526
2018	Indigenous	39	61	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	551

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	55	35
2022	First Nations	15	85	10
2022	Métis	63	37	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	345
2020	Indigenous	53	47	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	53	329
2019	Indigenous	55	45	53
2019	Métis	58	42	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	526
2018	Indigenous	47	53	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	551

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	35
2022	First Nations	53	47	10
2022	Métis	44	56	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	345
2020	Indigenous	39	61	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	329
2019	Indigenous	42	58	53
2019	Métis	42	58	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	58	526
2018	Indigenous	42	58	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	551

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	68	35
2022	First Nations	28	72	10
2022	Métis	29	71	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	345
2020	Indigenous	35	65	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	329
2019	Indigenous	43	57	53
2019	Métis	51	49	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	526
2018	Indigenous	32	68	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	548

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	35
2022	First Nations	50	50	10
2022	Métis	50	50	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	345
2020	Indigenous	62	38	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	329
2019	Indigenous	70	30	53
2019	Métis	62	38	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	38	526
2018	Indigenous	57	43	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	42	555

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	35
2022	First Nations	40	60	10
2022	Métis	25	75	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	345
2020	Indigenous	26	74	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	329
2019	Indigenous	33	67	53
2019	Métis	30	70	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	526
2018	Indigenous	39	61	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	67	551

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	345
2020	Indigenous	0	100	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	329
2019	Indigenous	0	100	53
2019	Métis	0	100	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	1	99	526

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	35
2022	First Nations	7	93	10
2022	Métis	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	345
2019	Indigenous	16	84	53
2019	First Nations	28	72	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	526
2018	Indigenous	13	87	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	549

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	35
2022	First Nations	11	89	10
2022	Métis	20	80	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	345
2019	Indigenous	10	90	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	526
2018	Indigenous	13	87	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	548

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	35
2022	First Nations	20	80	10
2022	Métis	85	15	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	345
2020	Indigenous	30	70	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	329
2019	Indigenous	49	51	53
2019	Métis	46	54	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	526
2018	Indigenous	45	55	78
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	549

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	35
2022	First Nations	18	82	10
2022	Métis	30	70	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	345
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	21	79	53
2019	First Nations	35	65	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	67	526
2018	Indigenous	35	65	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	554

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	35
2022	First Nations	7	93	10
2022	Métis	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	345
2020	Indigenous	14	86	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	329
2019	Indigenous	26	74	53
2019	Métis	23	77	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	526
2018	Indigenous	15	85	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	549

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	35
2022	First Nations	64	36	10
2022	Métis	40	60	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	350
2020	Indigenous	53	47	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	45	329
2019	Indigenous	43	57	53
2019	Métis	47	53	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	43	523
2018	Indigenous	55	45	78
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	43	553

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	35
2022	First Nations	15	85	10
2022	Métis	37	63	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	350
2020	Indigenous	35	65	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	329
2019	Indigenous	33	67	53
2019	Métis	37	63	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	523
2018	Indigenous	28	72	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	550

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	35
2022	First Nations	23	77	10
2022	Métis	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	350
2020	Indigenous	20	80	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	329
2019	Indigenous	15	85	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	523
2018	Indigenous	19	81	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	548

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	35
2022	First Nations	14	86	10
2022	Métis	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	350
2020	Indigenous	24	76	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	329
2019	Indigenous	10	90	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	523
2018	Indigenous	21	79	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	551

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	35
2022	First Nations	8	92	10
2022	Métis	18	82	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	350
2019	Indigenous	11	89	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	523
2018	Indigenous	11	89	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	549

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	35
2022	First Nations	15	85	10
2022	Métis	19	81	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	350
2019	Métis	0	100	26
2018	Indigenous	9	91	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	549

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	35
2022	First Nations	18	82	10
2022	Métis	15	85	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	350
2020	Indigenous	14	86	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	329
2019	Indigenous	14	86	53
2019	First Nations	27	73	22
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	79	523
2018	Indigenous	21	79	77
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	84	549

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	35
2022	First Nations	0	100	10
2022	Métis	11	89	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	350
2019	Indigenous	15	85	53
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	523
2018	Indigenous	14	86	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	550

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	35
2022	First Nations	21	79	10
2022	Métis	32	68	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	350
2020	Indigenous	26	74	32
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	76	329
2019	Indigenous	30	70	53
2019	Métis	29	71	26
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	78	523
2018	Indigenous	24	76	76
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	552

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	320
2018	Indigenous	15	85	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	518

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	30
2022	Métis	51	49	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	320
2019	Métis	19	81	26
2018	Indigenous	24	76	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	519

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	2	98	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	320
2018	Indigenous	12	88	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	518

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	320
2018	Indigenous	8	92	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	518

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	30
2022	Métis	4	96	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	320
2019	Métis	0	100	26
2018	Indigenous	19	81	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	518

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	30
2022	Métis	11	89	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	320

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	30
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	320

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	30
2022	Métis	40	60	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	320
2019	Métis	22	78	26
2018	Indigenous	19	81	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	518

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	320
2018	Indigenous	12	88	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	519

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	30
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	320
2019	Métis	36	64	26
2018	Indigenous	20	80	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	518

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	320
2018	Indigenous	9	91	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	519

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	30
2022	Métis	37	63	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	320
2019	Métis	39	61	26
2018	Indigenous	39	61	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	57	522

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	30
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	320
2019	Métis	0	100	26

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	39	30
2022	Métis	66	34	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	320
2019	Métis	55	45	26
2018	Indigenous	53	47	71
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	47	523

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	30
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	320

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	30
2022	Métis	23	77	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	320
2018	Indigenous	10	90	70
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	520

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	23	13	8	8	17	8	61	22	195
2022	First Nations	19	27	16	9	6	15	7	60	20	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	15	10	10	5	12	0	72	17	35
2022	Métis	19	21	11	6	10	20	13	59	24	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	18	16	9	8	29	7	48	27	2810
2020	Indigenous	25	19	20	11	7	14	4	54	22	197
2020	First Nations	26	18	19	13	8	16	1	53	25	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	21	9	10	0	15	9	75	13	32
2020	Métis	22	21	24	10	6	12	5	51	19	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	21	18	10	6	23	5	53	22	3071
2019	Indigenous	27	16	15	13	10	15	5	53	28	327
2019	First Nations	28	17	14	11	8	17	4	58	25	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	15	25	11	0	5	6	59	13	36
2019	Métis	22	14	15	15	14	15	5	45	36	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	19	17	9	8	20	7	53	23	4004
2018	Indigenous	21	17	25	10	11	13	3	46	25	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	20	20	10	7	19	6	50	23	3886

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	29	12	7	5	6	1	75	12	195
2022	First Nations	40	30	11	7	3	7	3	77	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	24	8	10	2	7	0	78	13	35
2022	Métis	39	29	13	5	6	6	1	73	13	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	37	14	9	5	8	1	69	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	41	27	11	10	4	7	0	73	15	197
2020	First Nations	42	24	13	9	5	7	0	71	15	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	18	9	10	0	12	0	79	11	32
2020	Métis	39	32	10	9	3	6	0	76	13	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	17	8	4	6	1	68	13	3064
2019	Indigenous	43	19	18	9	5	5	0	66	15	325
2019	First Nations	46	18	19	8	4	5	0	68	12	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	28	10	5	0	3	4	83	6	36
2019	Métis	36	19	18	11	9	7	0	59	22	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	30	16	8	5	6	1	69	14	4004
2018	Indigenous	32	25	20	7	10	5	1	61	18	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	18	7	6	7	1	66	14	3880

Top of page

Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	195
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	35
2022	Métis	13	87	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2815
2020	Indigenous	12	88	197
2020	First Nations	12	88	86
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	3069
2019	Indigenous	12	88	328
2019	First Nations	14	86	164
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	4010
2018	Indigenous	14	86	329
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	3876

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	20
2022	Métis	60	40	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	210
2020	Indigenous	56	44	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	172
2019	Indigenous	49	51	37
2019	First Nations	52	48	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	57	229
2018	Indigenous	57	43	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	57	234

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	35	20
2022	Métis	74	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	29	210
2019	Indigenous	63	37	37
2019	First Nations	55	45	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	34	229
2018	Indigenous	81	19	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	70	30	235

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	210
2019	Indigenous	0	100	37
2019	First Nations	0	100	21
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	229

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	210
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	First Nations	0	100	21

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	210
2018	Indigenous	9	91	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	232

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	20
2022	Métis	26	74	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	210
2019	Indigenous	23	77	37
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	229
2018	Indigenous	25	75	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	234

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	210

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	20
2022	Métis	38	62	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	205
2020	Indigenous	57	43	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	172
2019	Indigenous	34	66	35
2019	First Nations	39	61	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	81	227
2018	Indigenous	30	70	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	233

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	205
2020	Indigenous	19	81	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	82	172
2018	Indigenous	33	67	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	233

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	205
2020	Indigenous	20	80	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	172
2019	Indigenous	14	86	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	227
2018	Indigenous	12	88	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	232

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	20
2022	Métis	21	79	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	205
2020	Indigenous	0	100	24
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	172
2019	Indigenous	0	100	35
2019	First Nations	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	227
2018	Indigenous	10	90	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	232

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	20
2022	Métis	53	47	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	205
2020	Indigenous	37	63	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	66	172
2019	Indigenous	39	61	35
2019	First Nations	29	71	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	70	227
2018	Indigenous	33	67	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	72	232

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	20
2022	Métis	31	69	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	205
2020	Indigenous	23	77	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	70	172
2019	Indigenous	34	66	35
2019	First Nations	44	56	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	227
2018	Indigenous	24	76	46
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	58	233

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	0	100	35
2019	First Nations	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	227

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	20
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	21	79	35
2019	First Nations	32	68	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	227
2018	Indigenous	12	88	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	231

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2018	Indigenous	0	100	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	231

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	77	20
2022	Métis	33	67	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	205

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	205
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	0	100	35
2019	First Nations	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	227

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	20
2022	Métis	14	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	205
2019	Indigenous	29	71	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	227
2018	Indigenous	16	84	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	235

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	20
2022	Métis	30	70	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	210
2020	Indigenous	27	73	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	172
2019	Indigenous	33	67	35
2019	First Nations	35	65	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	66	228
2018	Indigenous	50	50	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	234

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	20
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	210
2020	Indigenous	25	75	24
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	172
2018	Indigenous	19	81	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	230

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	20
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	210
2018	Indigenous	16	84	44
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	231

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	210

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	210

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	20
2022	Métis	19	81	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	210
2020	First Nations	0	100	11
2019	Indigenous	15	85	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	228
2018	Indigenous	17	83	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	230

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	20
2022	Métis	14	86	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	210
2019	First Nations	0	100	19

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	20
2022	Métis	52	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	210
2020	Indigenous	45	55	24
2020	First Nations	47	53	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	172
2019	Indigenous	54	46	35
2019	First Nations	57	43	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	228
2018	Indigenous	35	65	45
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	235

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	195

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	20
2022	Métis	39	61	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	195
2018	Indigenous	20	80	43
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	222

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	20
2022	Métis	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	195

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	20
2022	Métis	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	195

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	195

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	195
2018	Indigenous	0	100	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	222

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	20
2022	Métis	6	94	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	195

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	20
2022	Métis	48	52	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	195
2018	Indigenous	17	83	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	223

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	20
2022	Métis	40	60	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	195

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	20
2022	Métis	21	79	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	195
2018	Indigenous	20	80	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	223

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	20
2022	Métis	27	73	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	195

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	20
2022	Métis	34	66	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	64	195
2018	Indigenous	41	59	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	224

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	20
2022	Métis	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	195
2018	Indigenous	0	100	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	222

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	35	20
2022	Métis	68	32	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	195
2018	Indigenous	54	46	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	62	38	227

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	20
2022	Métis	28	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	195

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	20
2022	Métis	15	85	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	195
2018	Indigenous	14	86	42
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	223

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	20	19	6	3	26	5	60	13	195
2022	First Nations	26	16	24	3	2	27	3	60	7	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	17	10	8	3	18	5	73	14	35
2022	Métis	12	25	15	7	4	29	7	58	18	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	18	20	5	3	33	6	53	14	2820
2020	Indigenous	27	22	16	6	4	20	5	66	13	198
2020	First Nations	31	17	16	5	6	19	4	63	15	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	25	12	6	4	17	12	69	14	33
2020	Métis	26	27	13	6	1	23	3	72	10	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	19	20	5	3	28	5	58	12	3066
2019	Indigenous	27	19	17	8	6	19	4	59	18	326
2019	First Nations	30	18	16	8	6	19	4	62	18	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	16	22	2	3	23	0	65	7	36
2019	Métis	23	20	17	10	7	19	4	56	22	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	17	20	4	3	25	8	59	12	4003
2018	Indigenous	25	16	29	6	8	13	4	49	17	335
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	20	23	4	3	24	6	56	11	3885

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	31	15	7	2	11	1	73	10	195
2022	First Nations	34	37	14	6	0	8	1	79	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	20	12	8	3	7	2	75	12	35
2022	Métis	30	28	15	8	3	15	0	69	13	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	35	17	6	3	10	1	71	10	2815
2020	Indigenous	37	32	13	5	4	8	0	75	10	198
2020	First Nations	39	24	17	5	6	9	0	69	13	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	28	15	0	4	17	0	78	5	33
2020	Métis	37	40	10	5	2	5	0	82	8	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	32	18	5	2	8	1	71	9	3068
2019	Indigenous	43	21	17	7	5	7	0	69	13	328
2019	First Nations	46	18	16	8	4	8	0	69	13	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	21	19	3	3	7	0	73	6	35
2019	Métis	37	27	16	6	6	7	1	69	13	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	29	16	4	3	9	1	74	8	4004
2018	Indigenous	36	24	23	6	7	4	1	62	14	335
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	31	19	5	3	10	1	70	9	3878

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	13	16	45	26	0	13	72	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	12	28	18	20	23	15	49	40
2020	Indigenous	0	7	21	22	50	0	7	72	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	8	26	8	40	12	16	54	32

Top of page

Stress and Well-Being

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	29	19	11	18	0	1	52	29	195
2022	First Nations	19	38	21	7	14	0	0	57	21	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	23	18	12	12	0	5	57	24	35
2022	Métis	23	23	16	13	24	0	0	46	38	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	29	21	11	15	0	1	52	27	2810
2020	Indigenous	28	24	22	11	13	0	1	54	24	195
2020	First Nations	39	24	18	9	8	0	2	64	17	84
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	44	11	0	13	3	0	75	13	33
2020	Métis	19	18	28	17	18	0	0	37	35	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	30	22	14	11	0	0	53	25	3063
2019	Indigenous	17	26	21	15	18	1	1	44	34	329
2019	First Nations	20	28	20	16	15	1	2	48	32	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	19	26	14	20	5	0	37	36	36
2019	Métis	13	27	23	15	22	0	0	40	37	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	25	22	15	21	0	0	42	37	4011
2018	Indigenous	16	21	20	16	27	0	1	37	43	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	22	23	18	24	0	1	35	42	3898

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	27	25	13	13	0	1	49	26	195
2022	First Nations	26	28	22	9	14	1	0	54	24	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	33	23	10	8	0	0	60	17	35
2022	Métis	16	25	29	16	14	0	1	41	30	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	28	26	15	13	0	0	46	28	2805
2020	Indigenous	26	21	27	13	13	0	0	47	26	197
2020	First Nations	24	28	26	13	9	0	0	52	21	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	12	17	8	10	0	0	65	18	33
2020	Métis	15	18	30	17	20	0	0	33	37	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	28	26	16	10	0	0	48	26	3072
2019	Indigenous	31	27	22	12	8	1	0	58	20	329
2019	First Nations	32	32	21	8	6	1	0	64	14	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	38	22	11	18	9	3	0	62	27	36
2019	Métis	29	20	25	15	10	0	0	49	26	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	29	24	14	8	0	0	54	22	4011
2018	Indigenous	27	26	23	11	12	0	0	53	23	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	27	27	15	8	0	0	49	23	3896

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	32	15	7	5	2	3	71	13	195
2022	First Nations	47	29	11	4	6	1	2	79	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	32	18	0	5	7	2	75	6	35
2022	Métis	25	35	19	12	4	1	4	64	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	33	20	10	5	0	1	65	15	2800
2020	Indigenous	36	28	19	8	7	0	2	65	15	195
2020	First Nations	37	30	17	8	6	0	2	68	14	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	21	6	9	8	0	0	77	16	31
2020	Métis	26	31	25	8	8	0	1	58	16	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	33	21	8	5	0	1	66	13	3056
2019	Indigenous	44	29	17	6	2	1	1	74	8	329
2019	First Nations	43	34	14	4	3	2	2	79	7	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	16	22	9	0	3	0	68	9	36
2019	Métis	43	26	21	9	2	0	0	69	10	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	29	16	8	4	0	2	72	12	3988
2018	Indigenous	40	28	15	8	6	1	2	69	15	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	30	21	8	4	0	3	66	12	3879

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	21	24	18	16	1	1	40	35	195
2022	First Nations	15	26	28	20	9	2	0	41	30	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	8	22	15	14	0	7	45	31	35
2022	Métis	15	23	20	20	21	1	0	38	41	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	22	23	20	19	0	0	38	39	2810
2020	Indigenous	28	17	22	15	18	0	0	46	32	197
2020	First Nations	32	22	18	17	11	0	0	54	28	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	18	15	8	15	3	0	61	24	33
2020	Métis	20	13	26	15	26	0	0	33	41	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	24	23	17	14	0	1	45	32	3054
2019	Indigenous	23	25	22	10	19	2	0	48	30	328
2019	First Nations	22	27	24	11	15	1	0	50	26	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	16	17	15	16	3	0	50	33	36
2019	Métis	21	23	21	7	27	1	0	45	34	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	25	20	16	15	0	0	48	32	3995
2018	Indigenous	20	24	22	16	17	0	0	45	33	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	24	24	17	16	0	1	43	33	3879

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	23	12	5	2	0	4	80	7	195
2022	First Nations	57	25	9	4	2	0	4	85	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	20	20	0	0	0	9	78	0	35
2022	Métis	52	24	12	6	4	0	2	78	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	28	14	7	5	0	3	74	12	2815
2020	Indigenous	53	25	10	5	5	0	2	80	11	192
2020	First Nations	61	24	5	3	6	0	1	86	9	85
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	58	23	9	0	4	0	6	86	4	30
2020	Métis	42	26	15	9	6	0	1	69	15	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	28	13	7	4	0	2	76	11	3042
2019	Indigenous	55	22	13	4	3	1	2	80	7	330
2019	First Nations	55	24	13	3	0	2	3	82	4	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	18	20	0	3	3	0	77	3	36
2019	Métis	55	21	11	5	7	0	1	77	12	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	24	13	6	4	0	2	76	10	4008
2018	Indigenous	51	26	11	5	5	0	2	79	10	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	26	14	7	4	0	3	73	12	3872

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	30	21	8	10	0	0	61	18	195
2022	First Nations	33	34	14	7	12	0	0	67	19	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	23	25	6	11	2	0	57	18	35
2022	Métis	28	32	24	10	6	0	0	60	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	29	21	12	10	0	0	57	22	2815
2020	Indigenous	23	32	19	14	11	0	0	55	25	197
2020	First Nations	23	38	17	10	13	0	0	60	23	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	23	17	19	9	0	0	55	28	33
2020	Métis	19	31	21	17	11	0	0	50	28	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	31	21	12	8	0	0	59	20	3065
2019	Indigenous	31	27	23	11	8	0	0	58	19	329
2019	First Nations	27	33	26	10	4	0	1	60	14	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	20	38	5	5	3	0	51	10	36
2019	Métis	37	21	16	14	13	0	0	58	26	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	29	20	9	9	0	0	62	18	4013
2018	Indigenous	31	26	24	7	10	1	1	58	18	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	29	22	11	9	0	1	57	20	3891

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	31	20	7	3	3	1	69	10	195
2022	First Nations	33	35	22	7	4	0	0	68	10	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	27	20	5	3	7	2	70	8	35
2022	Métis	39	28	19	9	2	3	1	69	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	35	20	10	7	0	1	63	16	2805
2020	Indigenous	34	28	17	11	7	1	3	64	19	197
2020	First Nations	38	23	17	12	7	0	2	63	19	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	16	5	0	6	6	76	6	33
2020	Métis	28	33	17	10	10	0	1	62	20	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	34	21	9	4	0	1	65	14	3053
2019	Indigenous	34	27	22	10	5	1	0	62	15	329
2019	First Nations	36	26	25	8	4	0	1	62	13	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	43	9	3	0	5	0	88	3	36
2019	Métis	30	26	23	13	8	0	0	56	21	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	33	19	10	6	0	1	66	15	4004
2018	Indigenous	30	29	22	9	9	1	1	59	18	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	34	23	10	6	0	1	60	17	3882

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	37	20	9	6	1	2	64	15	195
2022	First Nations	25	41	22	7	5	0	0	66	12	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	41	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	35
2022	Métis	16	32	25	13	8	2	4	51	22	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	34	23	12	8	0	1	57	20	2810
2020	Indigenous	29	27	23	12	6	1	2	57	19	197
2020	First Nations	40	21	17	13	6	0	2	63	19	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	30	20	7	0	6	3	71	7	33
2020	Métis	15	33	29	12	10	0	0	49	22	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	36	24	11	5	0	0	60	16	3055
2019	Indigenous	31	27	23	10	6	1	1	60	17	328
2019	First Nations	33	30	20	10	5	1	2	64	15	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	27	23	5	6	3	4	63	12	36
2019	Métis	30	24	24	11	9	1	0	55	20	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	32	20	10	6	0	1	64	16	4006
2018	Indigenous	29	24	20	15	9	1	1	55	25	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	32	23	12	6	0	1	59	18	3876

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	32	21	5	3	1	1	69	9	195
2022	First Nations	36	30	22	5	3	0	4	69	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	18	31	4	2	0	0	62	7	35
2022	Métis	32	38	18	6	3	3	0	72	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	32	20	11	7	0	0	62	18	2815
2020	Indigenous	33	30	19	11	6	1	0	63	18	198
2020	First Nations	38	28	17	13	5	0	0	66	18	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	20	15	10	0	6	0	74	10	33
2020	Métis	23	37	18	11	10	0	0	60	21	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	20	10	5	0	0	65	15	3055
2019	Indigenous	33	28	22	10	6	1	1	62	16	327
2019	First Nations	31	29	19	11	7	1	2	62	18	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	31	29	6	3	3	0	60	10	35
2019	Métis	35	25	23	10	6	1	0	60	16	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	29	18	10	6	0	0	66	16	3997
2018	Indigenous	30	26	19	14	10	0	1	57	24	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	20	11	6	0	1	62	18	3875

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	27	14	7	7	2	0	72	14	195
2022	First Nations	43	26	20	5	6	0	0	69	11	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	19	20	5	5	2	0	70	10	35
2022	Métis	40	30	9	9	9	3	0	73	19	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	27	14	8	7	0	0	71	15	2810
2020	Indigenous	42	22	19	9	7	1	1	66	16	195
2020	First Nations	45	22	20	5	7	0	0	68	12	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	21	9	9	4	6	0	77	13	33
2020	Métis	37	24	20	10	8	0	1	62	18	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	28	15	7	5	0	0	72	13	3036
2019	Indigenous	43	21	19	9	7	1	0	64	16	328
2019	First Nations	41	23	24	6	4	2	0	65	11	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	23	10	3	12	3	0	75	15	36
2019	Métis	44	17	15	13	10	0	0	61	24	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	26	14	7	6	0	0	72	13	4000

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	28	17	4	5	1	74	9	195
2022	First Nations	40	30	18	1	8	3	72	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	6	15	5	5	0	76	9	35
2022	Métis	43	33	17	6	2	0	75	8	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	30	16	8	5	0	71	13	2815
2020	Indigenous	34	23	20	14	8	1	58	23	197
2020	First Nations	31	20	21	16	9	2	53	25	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	27	12	9	10	0	70	18	33
2020	Métis	32	25	21	14	8	0	58	21	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	30	23	12	7	0	58	19	3058

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	32	17	8	4	1	0	71	12	195
2022	First Nations	31	41	18	7	2	1	0	73	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	22	11	8	8	2	0	73	16	30
2022	Métis	38	32	18	9	4	1	0	70	12	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	32	19	8	4	0	0	68	13	2810
2020	Indigenous	26	30	22	12	8	0	1	57	20	197
2020	First Nations	30	29	19	13	8	0	2	60	21	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	24	12	12	10	3	0	66	22	32
2020	Métis	17	31	32	12	8	0	0	48	20	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	33	23	10	5	0	1	62	15	3057
2019	Indigenous	36	33	17	8	5	1	0	70	13	327
2019	First Nations	35	33	20	6	5	1	0	69	11	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	38	10	16	3	3	0	70	19	36
2019	Métis	39	32	16	8	6	0	0	71	13	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	30	16	7	4	0	0	73	10	3994
2018	Indigenous	37	28	16	11	7	1	0	66	18	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	32	18	8	3	0	1	70	12	3872

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	17	11	6	2	0	1	81	9	195
2022	First Nations	64	14	12	5	4	1	0	79	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	16	10	2	0	0	2	87	3	35
2022	Métis	58	20	11	9	2	0	1	78	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	26	12	5	3	0	1	80	9	2810
2020	Indigenous	45	30	16	6	3	0	0	74	9	197
2020	First Nations	39	36	15	5	4	0	0	75	10	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	30	9	7	6	0	0	79	13	33
2020	Métis	48	24	21	6	2	0	0	72	7	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	31	16	6	3	0	1	76	8	3050
2019	Indigenous	55	24	12	6	3	1	0	79	8	323
2019	First Nations	50	26	13	6	4	1	0	77	9	161
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	18	14	9	0	3	0	76	9	36
2019	Métis	58	24	10	5	2	0	0	82	8	120
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	26	13	5	3	0	1	79	8	3996
2018	Indigenous	57	25	9	5	3	1	1	82	8	328
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	27	12	5	4	0	1	79	9	3879

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	29	18	5	3	0	1	74	8	195
2022	First Nations	37	33	21	6	2	0	2	71	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	34	5	5	3	0	0	88	7	35
2022	Métis	44	25	22	6	3	0	0	69	9	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	34	15	6	4	0	0	76	10	2815
2020	Indigenous	29	33	23	10	5	0	0	62	15	197
2020	First Nations	31	33	25	8	3	0	0	64	11	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	29	20	3	12	3	0	64	16	33
2020	Métis	23	36	22	15	4	0	0	59	19	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	36	20	9	3	0	0	68	12	3048

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	12	6	3	2	2	3	89	4	195
2022	First Nations	71	13	6	2	2	3	3	90	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	76	14	3	0	5	0	2	92	5	35
2022	Métis	72	10	9	5	0	1	4	86	5	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	12	4	1	2	0	7	92	4	2815
2020	Indigenous	64	17	7	6	2	1	4	85	8	195
2020	First Nations	66	14	7	5	1	0	6	85	7	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	64	9	6	11	4	6	0	77	16	33
2020	Métis	63	23	6	4	1	0	3	88	5	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	15	6	2	1	1	5	91	3	3033
2019	Indigenous	71	14	6	3	2	3	2	88	6	325
2019	First Nations	64	18	8	3	2	4	1	87	5	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	64	14	5	7	5	3	3	82	13	34
2019	Métis	80	7	4	4	2	1	2	90	5	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	12	4	2	2	1	5	92	4	3990
2018	Indigenous	66	16	5	4	3	3	3	88	7	330
2018	Non-Indigenous	70	15	6	2	2	1	4	90	4	3871

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	14	6	3	3	0	1	88	7	195
2022	First Nations	72	16	6	1	3	0	1	90	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	15	3	10	0	0	0	87	10	35
2022	Métis	74	12	6	2	5	0	0	86	7	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	13	5	2	3	1	3	88	6	2810
2020	Indigenous	72	11	6	4	4	1	2	85	9	193
2020	First Nations	74	9	8	3	5	0	1	83	9	84
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	75	9	6	0	0	6	3	93	0	33
2020	Métis	70	15	2	6	5	0	1	86	12	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	11	6	2	2	1	2	90	5	3033
2019	Indigenous	64	16	9	4	6	1	1	81	10	329
2019	First Nations	67	15	8	3	4	2	1	85	7	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	67	17	3	3	8	0	3	86	11	36
2019	Métis	58	17	12	6	8	0	0	75	14	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	14	7	3	4	0	1	86	7	3994
2018	Indigenous	57	18	12	3	7	1	2	77	10	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	69	15	7	4	4	0	2	86	7	3871

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	32	8	1	2	0	0	89	3	195
2022	First Nations	53	35	7	1	3	0	1	89	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	20	5	2	3	0	0	90	5	35
2022	Métis	54	34	10	1	1	0	0	88	2	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	25	9	4	3	0	1	84	7	2805
2020	Indigenous	58	28	8	2	2	0	2	87	4	196
2020	First Nations	58	26	11	2	1	0	1	86	3	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	66	22	6	0	0	3	3	94	0	33
2020	Métis	54	31	7	4	3	0	1	86	7	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	26	9	4	2	0	1	84	7	3031
2019	Indigenous	48	27	14	4	4	0	2	77	9	329
2019	First Nations	47	30	13	5	3	1	2	79	8	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	32	12	7	2	0	3	78	10	36
2019	Métis	51	23	17	3	6	0	1	74	9	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	30	12	5	3	0	0	81	7	3983
2018	Indigenous	46	29	15	5	4	0	0	76	9	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	32	14	5	3	0	1	78	8	3887

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	20	6	2	3	0	2	88	6	195
2022	First Nations	62	23	6	2	5	0	2	86	8	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	77	8	5	5	2	0	2	87	8	35
2022	Métis	67	21	7	2	2	0	2	90	3	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	22	9	4	5	0	1	81	9	2815
2020	Indigenous	57	18	12	5	5	0	2	77	10	197
2020	First Nations	60	19	8	5	4	0	3	81	10	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	72	7	14	0	0	3	3	85	0	33
2020	Métis	49	20	16	8	7	0	0	69	15	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	20	8	5	4	0	1	82	9	3046
2019	Indigenous	54	19	12	7	4	1	1	76	12	327
2019	First Nations	55	17	13	7	5	2	2	75	12	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	20	5	0	5	0	3	89	6	36
2019	Métis	51	23	12	10	2	2	0	75	12	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	21	9	6	5	0	1	80	11	3971
2018	Indigenous	51	19	12	7	11	0	1	70	18	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	25	12	6	6	0	1	76	12	3874

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	17	3	1	2	0	22	92	4	195
2022	First Nations	59	12	2	2	1	0	24	93	4	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	18	5	0	0	0	18	94	0	35
2022	Métis	50	22	4	1	3	0	20	90	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	15	6	2	2	0	15	88	4	2815
2020	Indigenous	55	13	8	5	2	0	16	82	8	198
2020	First Nations	57	11	10	4	1	0	16	82	6	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	9	9	3	0	0	18	86	4	33
2020	Métis	49	18	6	7	4	0	16	80	12	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	16	6	3	2	0	16	88	5	3056
2019	Indigenous	60	15	6	3	1	1	13	88	5	325
2019	First Nations	64	15	3	3	1	1	13	93	4	162
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	70	10	8	0	3	0	9	88	3	36
2019	Métis	53	16	11	3	1	2	14	82	4	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	13	6	2	1	0	17	89	4	3962
2018	Indigenous	60	15	6	2	1	1	15	89	4	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	15	7	2	1	0	21	87	5	3862

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	28	6	2	1	0	2	91	3	195
2022	First Nations	59	27	11	2	1	0	1	86	3	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	81	16	0	0	0	0	2	100	0	35
2022	Métis	58	34	4	1	1	0	2	94	2	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	25	9	3	2	0	2	86	5	2810
2020	Indigenous	58	23	10	5	1	0	2	83	7	196
2020	First Nations	59	19	11	6	2	0	2	80	9	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	69	14	14	0	0	3	0	85	0	33
2020	Métis	51	31	8	6	1	0	2	84	7	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	26	10	3	2	0	1	85	5	3071
2019	Indigenous	58	19	11	7	1	1	3	80	9	328
2019	First Nations	56	21	12	5	2	1	4	81	7	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	19	4	8	0	0	3	88	8	36
2019	Métis	57	18	13	9	1	2	1	76	10	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	23	11	4	2	0	2	83	6	3981
2018	Indigenous	51	25	11	5	3	2	2	80	9	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	28	12	4	2	0	3	81	6	3873

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	13	6	7	13	1	1	74	20	195
2022	First Nations	64	15	6	4	8	1	2	81	13	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	72	2	6	5	12	0	3	76	17	35
2022	Métis	51	14	6	9	18	1	0	66	28	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	16	10	6	12	0	2	72	18	2815
2020	Indigenous	58	19	8	4	9	0	1	79	13	196
2020	First Nations	60	17	8	3	9	0	2	79	13	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	14	6	3	4	3	0	87	7	33
2020	Métis	50	24	8	5	11	0	1	75	17	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	20	10	7	8	0	1	75	15	3067
2019	Indigenous	56	16	10	5	10	0	2	75	15	329
2019	First Nations	57	15	9	6	11	0	3	74	17	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	70	8	11	0	8	0	3	80	8	36
2019	Métis	51	20	12	5	8	1	2	74	14	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	54	17	11	7	9	0	1	73	16	3994
2018	Indigenous	54	15	11	5	11	1	2	72	16	335
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	19	12	8	10	0	2	69	18	3882

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	22	16	4	5	0	1	75	9	195
2022	First Nations	46	32	12	2	7	0	1	79	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	10	11	8	0	0	3	81	8	35
2022	Métis	50	20	19	5	5	0	1	71	10	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	33	13	5	2	0	1	80	7	2815
2020	Indigenous	38	35	17	5	4	0	1	74	9	197
2020	First Nations	39	37	16	4	2	0	2	77	7	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	27	20	6	8	0	0	66	14	33
2020	Métis	35	37	19	5	4	0	0	72	9	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	34	15	5	2	0	1	77	7	3071
2019	Indigenous	44	28	21	3	3	1	1	73	6	326
2019	First Nations	38	32	22	2	3	2	1	72	5	163
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	20	17	16	2	0	3	63	19	36
2019	Métis	52	24	19	2	2	0	1	76	4	121
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	28	12	3	2	0	1	82	5	3988
2018	Indigenous	46	32	11	5	4	1	1	79	9	334
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	32	13	3	2	0	2	81	5	3885

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	27	36	16	6	0	1	41	22	195
2022	First Nations	12	31	37	10	7	0	3	44	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	28	34	6	2	0	2	56	9	35
2022	Métis	10	23	36	26	6	0	0	33	32	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	30	41	14	6	0	0	39	20	2815
2020	Indigenous	13	30	32	16	7	1	0	44	24	198
2020	First Nations	15	28	36	15	6	0	0	43	21	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	36	26	12	6	0	0	57	18	33
2020	Métis	9	29	29	21	9	3	0	39	31	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	34	36	13	5	0	0	46	18	3066
2019	Indigenous	21	30	29	14	5	0	0	52	18	330
2019	First Nations	24	30	32	11	3	0	0	55	14	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	31	17	19	3	0	3	61	22	36
2019	Métis	14	31	30	15	7	1	0	46	23	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	36	31	12	4	0	0	53	16	4021
2018	Indigenous	17	30	33	13	7	0	1	47	20	331
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	32	34	14	4	0	0	47	19	3906

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	20	37	17	17	0	1	34	29	195
2022	First Nations	8	18	41	15	17	0	1	32	26	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	14	30	18	27	0	0	45	25	35
2022	Métis	11	25	36	16	12	0	0	28	35	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	21	42	20	9	0	0	29	30	2810
2020	Indigenous	12	23	38	21	6	0	0	27	35	197
2020	First Nations	11	21	39	23	5	0	0	28	32	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	11	29	30	18	0	0	48	23	33
2020	Métis	14	31	38	15	2	0	0	17	45	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	21	39	22	9	0	0	31	30	3051
2019	Indigenous	12	19	34	21	13	1	0	35	31	325
2019	First Nations	10	16	36	20	17	0	0	37	27	161
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	19	10	27	22	20	2	0	43	30	36
2019	Métis	11	25	34	24	4	1	0	29	37	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	19	37	22	12	0	0	34	29	3987
2018	Indigenous	12	18	34	22	12	0	1	35	31	333
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	19	38	22	11	0	0	33	28	3872

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	47	16	12	6	1	0	66	18	195
2022	First Nations	23	38	20	12	5	2	0	62	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	39	16	8	2	0	0	73	10	35
2022	Métis	12	56	12	12	8	0	0	68	20	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	45	14	9	5	2	0	71	15	2815
2020	Indigenous	39	31	15	10	4	1	0	71	14	198
2020	First Nations	40	34	13	9	3	1	0	75	12	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	58	17	12	6	4	3	0	78	10	33
2020	Métis	32	31	18	14	4	0	0	64	18	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	43	12	8	2	1	0	78	10	3070
2019	Indigenous	27	34	17	10	8	3	0	64	19	330
2019	First Nations	28	36	14	10	9	3	0	66	19	165
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	23	10	12	9	4	0	68	21	36
2019	Métis	21	36	23	10	7	3	0	59	18	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	41	16	11	5	2	0	68	16	4008
2018	Indigenous	24	31	22	12	7	3	1	58	19	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	40	18	12	7	3	0	62	20	3896

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	27	38	19	9	195
2022	First Nations	7	21	40	24	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	35	30	17	12	35
2022	Métis	11	28	37	16	8	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	27	37	22	6	2815

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	26	7	5	2	2	0	85	7	195
2022	First Nations	62	21	8	6	3	0	0	83	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	13	14	5	2	0	0	79	7	35
2022	Métis	51	35	4	3	2	5	0	89	6	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	4	3	2	0	84	7	2820
2020	Indigenous	49	24	11	7	6	2	1	75	13	195
2020	First Nations	58	21	11	2	7	1	0	79	9	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	18	15	0	4	6	7	79	4	33
2020	Métis	39	29	10	14	6	1	0	69	21	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	28	12	4	3	2	0	80	8	3058

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	24	8	8	8	1	1	76	16	195
2022	First Nations	54	16	10	11	6	3	0	72	18	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	14	5	5	8	0	0	83	12	35
2022	Métis	40	35	8	7	9	0	2	76	16	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	26	9	12	7	1	0	72	20	2815
2020	Indigenous	41	19	12	13	14	0	0	60	27	196
2020	First Nations	48	12	14	13	14	0	0	59	27	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	21	9	9	10	0	0	72	19	33
2020	Métis	30	24	13	16	17	0	0	54	33	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	11	11	8	1	0	70	19	3066

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	29	4	3	3	1	89	6	195
2022	First Nations	62	26	3	3	3	3	91	6	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	19	3	5	5	0	87	10	35
2022	Métis	53	35	6	3	2	0	89	5	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	28	5	5	4	0	86	9	2815
2020	Indigenous	55	20	9	8	8	0	76	16	197
2020	First Nations	60	19	8	5	8	0	79	13	86
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	9	6	6	7	3	81	13	33
2020	Métis	46	24	10	13	8	0	70	21	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	29	8	6	3	0	83	9	3050

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	39	12	13	5	0	0	70	18	195
2022	First Nations	30	40	13	11	5	1	1	71	16	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	21	8	15	2	0	0	76	17	35
2022	Métis	23	46	11	13	7	0	0	69	20	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	40	14	13	7	2	0	66	20	2815
2020	Indigenous	36	24	17	10	9	3	0	63	19	198
2020	First Nations	36	19	21	10	10	4	0	58	20	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	17	15	3	7	6	0	74	10	33
2020	Métis	30	30	14	13	8	3	1	63	23	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	36	16	11	6	1	0	67	17	3072
2019	Indigenous	28	28	12	19	11	2	0	57	30	329
2019	First Nations	30	32	8	17	11	2	0	63	29	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	18	19	26	3	0	0	53	28	36
2019	Métis	23	26	18	19	13	1	0	50	32	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	35	18	13	8	1	0	60	21	4006
2018	Indigenous	23	31	16	15	12	3	0	56	27	336
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	37	19	14	8	2	0	58	23	3899

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	54	9	12	7	1	0	71	19	65
2022	First Nations	24	37	14	12	10	3	0	63	22	30
2022	Métis	12	69	7	7	6	0	0	81	12	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	47	13	19	5	0	0	63	24	1150
2020	Indigenous	28	41	12	14	5	0	0	69	19	75
2020	First Nations	26	43	16	10	5	0	0	68	16	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	48	14	15	4	1	0	67	19	1154
2019	Indigenous	21	28	25	20	7	0	0	49	27	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	45	16	14	6	1	1	63	20	1134

Top of page

Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	195
2022	First Nations	9	91	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	35
2022	Métis	22	78	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	2815
2020	Indigenous	11	89	197
2020	First Nations	10	90	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	33
2020	Métis	10	90	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	3059
2019	Indigenous	16	84	328
2019	First Nations	21	79	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	36
2019	Métis	11	89	122
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	4010

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	37	30
2022	Métis	53	47	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	240
2020	Indigenous	54	46	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	250

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	29	30
2022	Métis	66	34	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	27	240
2020	Indigenous	71	29	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	26	250
2019	Indigenous	73	27	52
2019	First Nations	74	26	35
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	23	441

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	43	14	0	0	0	4	86	0	20
2022	Métis	43	34	16	0	0	0	7	82	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	25	12	9	3	1	1	76	12	180
2020	Indigenous	31	49	14	0	6	0	0	80	6	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	31	8	7	3	1	0	81	10	188
2019	Indigenous	38	47	8	5	0	0	2	87	5	40
2019	First Nations	38	50	9	3	0	0	0	88	3	27
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	35	6	6	2	1	2	85	9	336

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	31	7	8	2	5	2	82	10	195
2022	First Nations	49	28	9	5	3	6	0	82	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	25	3	5	5	7	8	85	12	35
2022	Métis	42	35	7	10	0	4	1	81	11	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	36	9	6	2	3	2	81	9	2810
2020	Indigenous	51	27	7	4	3	6	1	84	8	197
2020	First Nations	53	27	6	3	5	6	0	85	9	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	19	3	3	4	9	0	89	8	32
2020	Métis	48	30	9	6	1	4	1	82	8	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	33	9	5	2	2	3	83	7	3064

Top of page

Compensation

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	38	18	0	195
2022	First Nations	39	48	13	0	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	35	12	3	35
2022	Métis	48	30	22	0	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	46	18	1	2815
2020	Indigenous	40	37	20	2	198
2020	First Nations	37	36	24	3	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	49	20	3	33
2020	Métis	49	32	17	1	75
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	41	18	0	3074

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	80
2022	First Nations	41	59	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	50	15
2022	Métis	41	59	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	950
2020	Indigenous	28	72	79
2020	Métis	22	78	35
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	69	1232

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	19	24	13	25	0	3	36	40	80
2022	First Nations	17	20	24	11	28	0	0	37	39	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	39	16	6	22	0	0	56	28	15
2022	Métis	14	12	29	17	22	0	6	28	41	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	15	22	29	2	3	30	54	955
2020	Indigenous	8	24	13	21	30	2	2	34	53	80
2020	Métis	2	26	12	17	38	0	5	30	58	36
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	17	17	25	29	1	2	27	56	1234

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	16	22	10	39	4	4	23	53	80
2022	First Nations	3	17	32	5	37	0	6	22	44	30
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	26	19	5	27	0	7	44	35	15
2022	Métis	2	16	16	14	43	8	2	19	63	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	19	13	20	39	1	3	24	62	955
2020	Indigenous	6	10	15	29	35	4	1	17	67	80
2020	Métis	5	14	17	24	38	0	2	19	63	36
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	13	17	24	39	1	2	18	64	1235

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	23	13	4	7	5	8	72	13	195
2022	First Nations	46	23	11	5	3	2	10	78	9	80
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	18	13	3	0	7	0	83	3	35
2022	Métis	25	26	15	4	13	8	9	61	21	80
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	20	13	5	5	3	13	73	12	2815
2020	Indigenous	42	19	15	4	6	4	10	71	11	197
2020	First Nations	49	20	7	5	7	1	12	79	13	87
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	12	15	3	4	11	6	74	8	33
2020	Métis	31	21	25	2	6	5	9	61	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	20	13	8	7	1	8	70	16	3060
2019	Indigenous	38	20	15	8	8	2	8	65	19	329
2019	First Nations	44	21	15	6	5	2	8	71	12	164
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	14	13	15	5	4	5	64	22	36
2019	Métis	27	22	16	11	12	3	9	56	26	123
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	19	15	8	10	2	7	63	20	3958
2018	Indigenous	35	15	15	10	14	3	7	56	27	332
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	19	16	9	10	1	8	62	20	3886

Top of page

Hybrid Work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	17	18	25	16	80
2022	First Nations	17	29	25	22	8	35
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	8	15	54	10	10
2022	Métis	34	10	14	16	26	30
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	19	17	22	13	1145

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	19	150
2022	First Nations	80	20	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	87	13	25
2022	Métis	81	19	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	29	1915

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	45	150
2022	First Nations	57	43	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	62	38	25
2022	Métis	53	47	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	1915

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	42	150
2022	First Nations	54	46	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	45	25
2022	Métis	62	38	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	63	37	1915

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	35	150
2022	First Nations	65	35	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	37	25
2022	Métis	69	31	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	1915

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	150
2022	First Nations	33	67	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	57	25
2022	Métis	31	69	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	1915

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	150
2022	First Nations	37	63	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	56	25
2022	Métis	36	64	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	1915

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	150
2022	First Nations	27	73	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	75	25
2022	Métis	23	77	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	1915

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	150
2022	First Nations	51	49	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	69	31	25
2022	Métis	51	49	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	1915

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	150
2022	First Nations	34	66	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	45	25
2022	Métis	31	69	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	1915

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	150
2022	First Nations	40	60	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	63	25
2022	Métis	49	51	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	1915

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	150
2022	First Nations	49	51	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	34	25
2022	Métis	50	50	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	1915

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	150
2022	First Nations	7	93	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	3	97	25
2022	Métis	1	99	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1915

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	150
2022	First Nations	9	91	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	25
2022	Métis	6	94	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1915

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	22	5	4	5	3	7	84	10	150
2022	First Nations	50	20	9	2	6	4	10	80	9	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	18	9	8	3	3	0	79	12	25
2022	Métis	57	24	0	4	5	4	5	89	11	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	16	6	2	4	1	14	85	7	1915

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	19	23	13	25	6	9	45	27	150
2022	First Nations	3	22	25	7	27	8	7	41	30	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	40	17	14	3	9	36	19	25
2022	Métis	2	21	14	18	28	6	11	55	28	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	16	19	16	25	4	14	50	27	1920

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	18	26	9	26	10	2	40	31	150
2022	First Nations	10	22	22	7	25	7	6	37	37	60
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	9	42	13	19	9	0	35	20	25
2022	Métis	8	20	24	8	29	11	0	42	31	55
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	28	18	14	16	6	6	34	45	1920

Report a problem on this page

Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Parks Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources