2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	51	0	9	0	91	9	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	52	39	3	5	2	91	6	1155
2020	Indigenous	36	44	8	12	0	80	12	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	44	3	8	2	87	10	970

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	72	28	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	78	18	1	2	1	96	2	1160
2020	Indigenous	94	6	0	0	0	100	0	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	81	15	1	1	1	97	2	967

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	53	26	0	0	0	74	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	32	7	6	2	2	85	8	1155
2020	Indigenous	56	29	0	7	8	0	86	14	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	11	9	3	0	77	12	970
2019	Indigenous	34	32	0	21	14	0	66	34	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	33	8	12	8	0	72	20	792

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	55	0	0	10	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	41	9	8	4	0	80	11	1155
2020	Indigenous	26	44	16	8	6	0	70	14	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	42	10	9	3	0	77	13	963
2019	Indigenous	52	16	5	12	16	0	68	27	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	37	10	14	5	1	71	19	787
2018	Indigenous	37	43	3	17	0	0	80	17	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	42	8	14	4	0	74	18	666

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	29	17	0	0	0	0	83	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	34	8	6	2	0	0	83	9	1160
2020	Indigenous	48	9	8	27	8	0	0	57	35	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	36	10	9	2	0	1	79	11	959
2019	Indigenous	63	19	0	10	8	0	0	82	18	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	35	11	7	2	1	0	79	10	785

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	10	10	17	21	0	0	52	38	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	29	11	8	8	0	0	74	16	1160
2020	Indigenous	22	25	6	16	31	0	0	47	47	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	30	11	12	7	1	1	70	19	966
2019	Indigenous	71	18	0	11	0	0	0	89	11	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	30	12	10	5	0	0	72	16	793
2018	Indigenous	38	23	26	9	3	0	0	62	12	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	30	12	8	6	1	1	74	14	662

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	73	10	0	0	90	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	39	11	5	3	81	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	33	0	16	8	76	24	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	37	11	7	3	79	10	967
2019	Indigenous	58	26	7	5	5	84	9	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	36	12	5	4	79	9	792
2018	Indigenous	48	41	6	0	5	89	5	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	6	3	81	9	664

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	23	19	20	20	0	42	39	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	35	15	9	8	0	68	17	1160
2020	Indigenous	20	35	0	29	16	0	55	45	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	36	15	11	8	0	66	19	969
2019	Indigenous	36	27	7	20	9	0	63	30	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	37	13	14	10	1	64	23	791
2018	Indigenous	20	41	24	7	8	0	61	15	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	33	16	12	11	1	61	24	664

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	19	18	10	9	63	18	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	38	6	6	2	86	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	26	0	25	7	69	31	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	42	10	9	3	78	12	964
2019	Indigenous	42	21	0	25	13	63	37	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	38	10	9	4	77	13	790
2018	Indigenous	28	49	20	3	0	77	3	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	40	10	8	5	76	14	663

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	29	0	10	0	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	33	6	2	1	0	91	4	1160
2020	Indigenous	48	14	0	31	8	0	61	39	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	33	7	3	1	0	88	5	965
2019	Indigenous	58	9	18	10	5	0	67	15	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	30	7	5	2	0	86	6	788
2018	Indigenous	47	45	3	0	5	0	92	5	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	33	5	3	1	1	91	4	662

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	0	8	17	22	52	39	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	36	13	8	6	73	14	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	0	7	12	39	43	51	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	34	14	11	6	69	17	965
2019	Indigenous	39	26	9	9	16	65	25	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	32	13	12	8	66	20	794
2018	Indigenous	30	32	15	14	10	62	23	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	32	13	9	9	68	19	665

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	53	8	0	0	92	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	31	10	2	1	87	3	1160
2020	Indigenous	61	15	8	8	8	76	16	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	29	9	3	1	87	5	961
2019	Indigenous	66	17	7	5	5	84	9	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	30	8	3	1	88	4	790
2018	Indigenous	69	28	3	0	0	97	0	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	62	27	8	2	0	89	2	657

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	14	18	20	0	0	0	62	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	37	13	11	7	0	0	69	18	1155
2020	Indigenous	45	0	0	21	34	0	0	45	55	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	34	14	11	7	1	0	67	18	960
2019	Indigenous	46	24	9	9	12	0	0	70	21	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	37	16	9	6	0	1	68	16	792
2018	Indigenous	18	45	20	17	0	0	0	63	17	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	35	15	9	8	0	1	68	17	659

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	23	0	20	0	0	80	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	33	18	9	5	1	68	14	1160
2020	Indigenous	49	12	14	8	17	0	62	25	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	35	16	9	5	0	69	15	969
2019	Indigenous	48	36	5	0	12	0	84	12	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	32	18	9	6	1	66	15	793
2018	Indigenous	18	57	12	13	0	0	76	13	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	33	14	9	6	1	70	16	662

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	17	8	10	0	82	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	37	12	8	5	76	13	1155
2020	Indigenous	40	15	9	22	15	55	36	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	39	13	8	4	74	13	959
2019	Indigenous	45	23	5	20	7	68	27	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	39	12	13	5	70	18	789
2018	Indigenous	44	26	8	15	8	69	22	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	36	16	11	6	66	18	659

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	67	0	10	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	38	9	4	2	85	6	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	12	6	23	16	56	39	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	33	9	4	3	84	7	966
2019	Indigenous	59	23	8	5	5	82	10	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	33	11	5	2	82	8	795
2018	Indigenous	44	44	3	3	5	89	8	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	35	9	5	2	83	8	660

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	0	22	26	0	0	52	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	29	14	10	8	0	68	17	1160
2020	Indigenous	28	22	24	14	12	0	51	25	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	29	18	10	10	0	62	20	962
2019	Indigenous	21	39	25	12	4	0	60	16	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	28	17	11	8	0	63	20	791
2018	Indigenous	32	26	29	7	6	0	58	13	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	31	16	11	6	1	67	17	665

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	16	33	33	9	0	0	42	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	21	31	20	14	1	4	36	31	1155
2020	Indigenous	17	17	46	14	7	0	0	20	34	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	25	32	21	9	0	1	31	37	967
2019	Indigenous	20	28	20	26	7	0	0	33	47	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	25	31	19	11	1	2	31	38	795
2018	Indigenous	6	26	27	27	9	5	0	37	34	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	27	31	22	8	1	2	31	38	663

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	29	22	30	9	0	0	39	39	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	16	26	19	19	3	9	43	28	1155
2020	Indigenous	20	8	22	16	25	0	9	45	30	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	15	30	24	15	4	4	42	26	964
2019	Indigenous	12	9	28	34	7	4	7	46	23	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	16	28	23	15	3	4	41	29	792
2018	Indigenous	11	14	38	18	13	5	0	33	27	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	20	25	24	12	3	6	40	33	660

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	10	38	19	23	0	0	42	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	14	28	26	18	1	5	47	24	1150
2020	Indigenous	12	9	31	34	14	0	0	48	20	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	16	30	27	17	1	1	44	25	959
2019	Indigenous	21	4	25	23	16	4	7	44	28	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	14	32	26	17	1	2	44	23	787
2018	Indigenous	15	6	44	15	16	3	0	33	22	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	16	32	25	15	2	2	41	26	657

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	0	51	8	0	0	0	8	41	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	17	25	19	19	2	7	42	31	1155
2020	Indigenous	26	8	23	22	20	0	0	43	34	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	17	26	23	17	1	3	42	31	967
2019	Indigenous	20	12	26	16	16	4	7	35	36	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	19	29	20	14	1	3	35	34	793
2018	Indigenous	29	13	18	11	21	5	3	35	45	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	23	28	15	13	2	2	30	41	662

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	22	14	8	26	0	0	35	51	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	19	25	16	14	5	9	35	36	1155
2020	Indigenous	20	29	7	25	20	0	0	45	49	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	15	24	26	18	7	3	49	25	962
2019	Indigenous	21	11	28	20	10	4	7	34	35	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	20	26	18	10	4	3	31	42	790
2018	Indigenous	17	25	20	15	17	5	0	34	45	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	23	27	18	11	4	2	30	41	658

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	26	21	29	14	0	0	43	36	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	17	29	20	17	4	7	41	27	1150
2020	Indigenous	21	25	16	24	13	0	0	38	47	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	18	31	20	17	3	2	39	27	961
2019	Indigenous	19	18	5	38	9	4	7	54	41	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	18	32	22	13	3	2	36	30	790
2018	Indigenous	14	22	26	14	23	0	0	37	36	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	17	32	20	10	4	3	33	33	662

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	7	30	30	23	0	0	53	17	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	10	32	27	23	1	5	53	14	1155
2020	Indigenous	6	20	33	22	19	0	0	41	26	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	15	34	29	15	1	1	44	21	966
2019	Indigenous	12	21	25	27	5	4	7	36	36	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	20	36	24	10	1	2	35	29	794

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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	32	19	10	7	9	9	56	21	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	27	16	5	4	10	10	68	12	1160
2020	Indigenous	35	26	16	9	14	0	0	61	23	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	29	18	8	5	8	5	65	15	966
2019	Indigenous	36	16	19	16	9	4	0	54	26	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	29	16	8	7	7	4	66	16	792
2018	Indigenous	34	24	20	6	8	7	0	62	16	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	32	20	10	4	7	4	62	16	660

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	17	19	10	0	0	71	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	26	7	3	4	2	85	7	1160
2020	Indigenous	35	29	6	7	24	0	64	30	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	28	7	7	5	2	82	11	964
2019	Indigenous	37	19	7	22	11	4	58	35	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	29	8	8	6	1	77	14	792
2018	Indigenous	55	19	8	8	9	0	75	17	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	29	9	8	5	1	77	13	660

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	30	19	0	0	0	81	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	27	4	2	2	0	91	4	1160
2020	Indigenous	56	22	8	6	8	0	78	14	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	27	6	3	2	0	89	5	965
2019	Indigenous	41	34	7	18	0	0	75	18	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	29	7	6	3	1	85	9	790
2018	Indigenous	62	26	4	8	0	0	87	8	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	35	7	3	1	0	89	4	660

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	30	19	7	0	0	0	74	7	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	33	10	3	2	1	1	85	5	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	18	14	9	8	0	8	66	18	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	34	10	4	2	2	0	83	6	963
2019	Indigenous	36	39	12	9	0	4	0	78	10	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	33	13	5	3	1	0	79	8	793
2018	Indigenous	42	41	5	9	0	3	0	86	9	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	39	10	5	2	1	1	83	7	659

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	10	0	17	0	23	0	78	22	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	28	12	5	5	9	4	74	12	1160

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	20	0	0	7	23	0	91	9	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	28	12	6	5	10	5	73	13	1160

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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	27	12	3	4	2	10	78	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	27	23	14	13	16	0	8	53	31	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	25	14	4	4	1	7	75	10	969
2019	Indigenous	37	39	19	5	0	0	0	77	5	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	25	18	5	4	2	8	70	10	795

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	0	17	20	7	0	0	56	27	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	33	8	7	5	0	1	80	12	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	13	6	22	16	0	0	56	38	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	30	12	8	5	1	1	75	13	965
2019	Indigenous	39	32	17	5	7	0	0	70	12	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	31	12	9	7	1	1	72	16	792
2018	Indigenous	48	41	4	3	3	0	0	90	6	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	38	12	6	6	1	0	75	12	657

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	14	8	32	7	0	0	52	39	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	25	12	4	4	3	2	79	8	1155
2020	Indigenous	35	0	35	7	16	0	8	38	24	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	26	13	5	4	3	2	77	10	968

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	26	8	0	10	0	0	82	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	31	7	5	4	1	1	85	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	29	6	6	16	0	0	72	22	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	31	9	6	3	0	0	82	9	970
2019	Indigenous	36	30	12	10	7	4	0	69	18	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	32	10	7	4	1	1	79	11	787
2018	Indigenous	56	29	0	13	3	0	0	84	16	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	36	8	7	3	0	1	82	10	656

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	82	10	8	0	0	0	0	92	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	24	6	3	3	3	3	87	6	1160

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	0	8	17	10	0	64	27	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	27	8	4	4	0	84	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	37	12	14	22	16	0	49	38	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	28	9	6	4	1	81	10	969
2019	Indigenous	44	29	16	0	7	4	76	7	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	29	9	5	5	0	81	10	794
2018	Indigenous	58	25	7	3	8	0	82	11	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	28	9	7	5	1	80	12	655

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	10	0	0	10	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	12	2	1	1	2	97	2	1160
2019	Indigenous	71	9	0	5	14	0	81	19	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	10	4	2	1	3	93	3	789

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Senior Management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	9	10	20	0	18	0	63	24	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	29	12	5	4	11	1	76	10	1160
2020	Indigenous	20	38	14	28	0	0	0	58	28	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	30	15	6	4	9	0	72	12	967
2019	Indigenous	28	31	23	9	5	4	0	62	15	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	31	18	8	7	8	1	65	16	794
2018	Indigenous	25	22	14	18	5	15	0	56	27	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	30	18	8	6	8	1	64	16	663

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	10	10	19	10	8	58	31	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	32	17	9	7	4	66	16	1160
2020	Indigenous	26	23	8	20	23	0	49	43	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	33	16	13	5	2	66	18	963
2019	Indigenous	36	20	26	9	9	0	56	18	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	32	17	14	7	4	61	21	792
2018	Indigenous	25	24	10	32	5	4	51	38	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	31	19	12	9	2	59	21	664

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	23	10	26	10	18	44	44	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	29	19	12	8	6	58	21	1160
2020	Indigenous	20	22	8	27	23	0	43	49	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	33	18	14	7	5	58	22	968
2019	Indigenous	21	26	27	15	10	0	48	25	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	29	20	16	7	7	53	25	788
2018	Indigenous	20	12	21	12	15	20	40	34	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	31	22	15	9	6	52	25	660

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	31	10	0	28	17	53	35	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	32	17	14	7	3	60	23	1160
2020	Indigenous	22	30	9	6	33	0	52	39	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	33	17	17	8	3	57	25	968
2019	Indigenous	26	22	20	15	18	0	48	32	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	29	19	19	11	3	49	31	791
2018	Indigenous	17	20	17	21	12	14	43	38	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	33	16	19	12	3	52	32	661

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	7	30	0	0	8	0	67	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	23	12	3	2	8	2	80	6	1160
2020	Indigenous	28	19	15	14	0	8	16	63	18	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	20	11	4	3	11	2	80	7	970
2019	Indigenous	46	14	12	12	5	5	7	68	19	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	20	11	5	4	12	2	76	11	794

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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	50	19	19	0	0	63	19	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	42	13	5	2	1	79	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	30	14	24	23	0	9	48	25	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	44	15	6	3	2	76	9	966
2019	Indigenous	43	36	12	4	5	0	79	9	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	44	17	10	3	1	70	13	795
2018	Indigenous	29	32	10	21	3	5	64	25	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	46	14	10	4	1	71	14	662

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	41	28	7	10	0	55	17	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	36	17	16	6	2	60	22	1155
2020	Indigenous	34	6	14	24	14	8	44	41	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	37	17	18	6	2	58	25	965
2019	Indigenous	28	27	14	9	18	4	57	28	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	32	18	22	11	1	47	34	792

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	19	19	10	10	9	0	58	22	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	36	11	10	5	3	1	73	16	1155
2020	Indigenous	49	12	16	9	14	0	0	61	23	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	36	13	8	5	3	1	73	13	966
2019	Indigenous	46	29	12	5	5	4	0	78	10	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	37	13	5	4	1	1	77	9	790
2018	Indigenous	50	17	13	15	5	0	0	67	20	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	7	4	2	0	79	11	663

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	17	37	10	0	0	53	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	38	18	4	4	3	73	8	1155
2020	Indigenous	43	12	22	14	9	0	56	23	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	38	16	5	4	3	74	9	963
2019	Indigenous	43	25	19	5	5	4	71	10	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	37	17	8	4	1	70	12	791
2018	Indigenous	34	32	18	8	9	0	65	17	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	35	18	7	4	2	72	10	662

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	16	10	10	18	19	14	42	42	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	27	15	10	10	14	3	58	23	1160
2020	Indigenous	31	6	8	14	34	0	7	40	52	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	24	17	12	11	13	3	53	27	967
2019	Indigenous	28	15	21	27	5	4	0	45	33	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	26	18	15	11	7	3	51	29	793
2018	Indigenous	28	20	3	18	19	12	0	54	42	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	27	16	15	10	9	3	54	28	662

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	32	33	10	7	0	0	50	17	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	32	16	12	8	5	1	61	22	1160
2020	Indigenous	28	12	28	23	8	0	0	40	31	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	31	20	12	10	4	1	56	23	963
2019	Indigenous	35	17	23	16	5	4	0	54	21	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	30	20	14	11	4	1	53	26	793
2018	Indigenous	30	14	16	9	21	9	0	48	34	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	32	18	14	11	3	1	55	27	665

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	20	9	10	0	0	0	81	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	23	15	6	4	2	8	72	11	1160
2020	Indigenous	36	13	22	12	8	0	9	53	22	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	23	13	6	3	2	5	76	10	968
2019	Indigenous	75	16	5	4	0	0	0	91	4	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	21	14	3	3	1	5	79	6	790

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	10	10	9	0	0	14	78	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	21	14	6	4	2	6	74	11	1160
2020	Indigenous	51	19	0	13	17	0	0	70	30	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	24	14	5	3	3	4	76	9	969
2019	Indigenous	64	28	0	5	0	0	4	95	5	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	24	15	6	5	2	5	73	11	792

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	91	9	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	9	5	2	2	6	9	91	4	1155
2020	Indigenous	49	7	22	8	0	6	9	65	9	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	9	5	3	2	5	5	89	6	967
2019	Indigenous	67	15	5	4	5	0	4	85	10	18
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	8	5	3	3	5	4	88	6	786

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	91	9	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	9	3	2	1	3	13	92	4	1160
2020	Indigenous	48	8	30	0	8	0	6	59	8	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	11	4	1	1	4	7	93	2	969
2019	Indigenous	77	12	0	0	4	0	7	96	4	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	6	4	1	2	3	9	92	3	790

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	9	21	39	15	0	0	25	54	10
2022	Métis	18	0	23	43	16	0	0	18	59	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	31	14	14	12	3	3	58	28	1160
2020	Indigenous	20	13	18	0	49	0	0	32	49	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	28	16	15	13	5	3	52	31	970
2019	Indigenous	26	4	34	20	5	4	7	34	28	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	25	17	14	17	3	3	48	33	796
2018	Indigenous	11	18	19	18	21	12	0	33	45	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	24	15	15	20	4	4	46	37	665

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	40	17	20	0	0	63	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	39	17	9	4	5	68	14	1160
2020	Indigenous	41	26	0	25	8	0	67	33	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	42	18	9	3	5	68	13	966
2019	Indigenous	43	32	12	5	5	4	78	10	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	42	20	9	5	4	64	15	792
2018	Indigenous	14	45	18	11	5	7	63	18	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	38	20	10	7	3	63	17	663

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	27	8	10	10	0	0	71	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	36	11	6	4	2	0	79	10	1155
2020	Indigenous	49	12	6	25	8	0	0	62	33	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	38	12	8	4	3	0	75	13	961
2019	Indigenous	51	28	12	9	0	0	0	79	9	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	39	14	6	4	2	1	76	10	788
2018	Indigenous	38	37	8	12	5	0	0	75	17	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	37	12	6	1	2	0	80	7	657

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	43	0	17	0	8	0	81	19	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	2	2	6	1	84	5	1160
2020	Indigenous	37	12	8	29	8	6	0	52	39	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	34	13	6	2	4	1	78	9	961
2019	Indigenous	56	16	28	0	0	0	0	72	0	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	34	15	4	3	3	1	77	7	789
2018	Indigenous	39	34	12	8	3	4	0	76	12	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	36	14	4	2	4	0	80	6	658

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	29	10	7	0	8	0	81	8	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	27	21	5	2	14	1	68	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	35	22	22	14	7	0	0	57	20	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	28	17	6	3	7	1	71	10	971

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	17	0	10	0	8	14	87	13	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	35	9	6	4	7	3	78	11	1155
2020	Indigenous	35	14	14	15	14	0	8	53	32	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	31	9	6	5	5	1	78	12	958

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	0	0	10	30	17	36	85	15	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	6	12	8	34	6	31	67	14	1155

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	0	22	17	0	36	0	38	27	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	15	19	3	3	43	6	52	10	1160

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	7	19	20	0	0	62	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	33	7	3	2	0	88	5	1160
2020	Indigenous	40	27	0	8	25	0	67	33	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	31	8	4	2	1	85	7	961
2019	Indigenous	62	27	7	0	5	0	88	5	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	34	8	5	3	1	83	9	792
2018	Indigenous	46	31	14	9	0	0	77	9	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	33	8	5	4	0	83	9	658

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	16	19	12	28	0	41	41	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	32	12	7	5	1	76	12	1160
2020	Indigenous	34	22	6	8	31	0	56	39	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	30	15	9	5	1	71	14	962
2019	Indigenous	66	9	7	9	9	0	75	18	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	33	15	8	7	1	70	14	792
2018	Indigenous	45	24	12	11	8	0	69	19	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	33	14	9	7	1	70	15	658

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	37	19	10	10	0	62	20	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	36	11	8	4	0	78	12	1160
2020	Indigenous	34	22	0	6	39	0	56	44	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	31	15	9	4	1	72	13	961
2019	Indigenous	55	16	11	14	5	0	71	18	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	35	15	10	6	0	69	16	786
2018	Indigenous	44	24	16	12	3	0	69	15	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	36	13	8	5	0	73	14	657

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	9	8	10	30	10	0	47	44	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	26	18	10	7	4	1	64	17	1160
2020	Indigenous	34	0	7	17	42	0	0	34	60	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	24	19	9	7	4	0	64	17	961
2019	Indigenous	44	0	29	5	23	0	0	44	27	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	23	20	10	9	4	1	60	20	793
2018	Indigenous	33	24	19	13	6	4	0	60	19	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	26	16	12	7	4	1	63	20	662

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Mobility and Retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	24	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	30	31	1155
2020	Indigenous	80	8	12	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	37	41	971
2019	Indigenous	16	33	52	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	34	39	797
2018	Indigenous	28	32	40	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	35	36	669

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	40	30	6	6	8	445
2020	Indigenous	10	7	63	0	0	20	11
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	27	50	2	5	7	213

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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	1160

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	85

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	41	85

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	85

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	85

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	85

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	85

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	85

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	85

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	85

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	85

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	85

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	85

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	85

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	85

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	85

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	85

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	85

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	53	85

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	85

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	85

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	85

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	85

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	85

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	85

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	85

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	85

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	85

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	85

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	85

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	80

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	80

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	80

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	80

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	80

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	80

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	80

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	80

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	80

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	80

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	80

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	80

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	80

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	80

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	80

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	80

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	11	12	4	5	41	12	56	18	1155
2020	Indigenous	23	0	18	7	15	22	15	36	35	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	14	16	6	4	34	9	54	18	968
2019	Indigenous	22	16	21	18	0	22	0	50	23	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	17	20	6	5	29	7	50	17	794
2018	Indigenous	30	11	19	10	9	18	3	52	23	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	19	20	4	4	28	5	58	12	660

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	30	14	3	4	17	2	75	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	37	20	22	7	8	7	0	61	15	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	30	15	6	4	13	2	71	11	969
2019	Indigenous	37	14	23	18	0	8	0	55	20	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	31	17	5	6	9	1	69	12	793
2018	Indigenous	42	13	22	10	5	4	3	60	16	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	31	19	5	2	11	1	71	8	657

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Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	1160

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	75

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	16	75

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	75

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	75

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	75

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	75

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	75

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	75

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	75

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	75

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	75

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	75

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	75

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	75

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	75

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	75

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	75

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	75

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	75

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	75

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	75

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	75

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	75

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	75

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	75

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	75

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	47	75

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	70

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	70

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	70

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	70

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	70

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	70

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	70

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	70

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	70

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	70

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	70

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	70

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	70

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	52	70

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	70

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	70

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	15	14	3	4	39	9	59	13	1160
2020	Indigenous	23	7	23	6	16	19	6	40	29	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	14	17	5	3	37	6	55	14	964
2019	Indigenous	4	30	28	5	0	26	7	51	7	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	17	22	4	4	30	7	52	13	791
2018	Indigenous	31	12	28	0	10	19	0	53	12	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	17	21	4	2	31	5	58	10	662

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	29	14	3	3	16	2	75	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	28	20	29	7	16	0	0	49	22	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	17	5	3	14	1	71	10	968
2019	Indigenous	37	26	28	0	0	8	0	69	0	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	32	17	4	4	10	2	72	9	792
2018	Indigenous	39	20	25	6	5	4	0	62	12	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	30	19	4	2	12	1	72	7	666

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	0	32	18	38	12	0	0	64	25

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Stress and Well-Being

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	24	32	0	18	0	0	50	18	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	26	20	9	14	0	2	55	24	1150
2020	Indigenous	25	6	28	20	14	0	8	33	37	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	26	23	11	9	0	0	57	20	963
2019	Indigenous	24	23	20	13	16	0	4	49	31	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	27	22	15	16	0	1	46	32	793
2018	Indigenous	28	10	33	16	8	0	6	40	25	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	22	22	16	18	1	2	42	35	665

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	14	20	18	30	0	0	32	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	25	24	17	19	0	1	40	36	1155
2020	Indigenous	8	37	15	17	24	0	0	45	41	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	25	23	17	18	0	0	41	35	965
2019	Indigenous	29	34	16	8	9	4	0	65	18	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	25	26	17	15	0	1	41	33	792
2018	Indigenous	25	24	17	16	18	0	0	49	34	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	30	18	15	1	1	37	33	666

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	0	20	41	7	0	0	32	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	26	20	12	12	0	2	55	24	1155
2020	Indigenous	30	14	27	17	12	0	0	45	28	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	26	22	13	12	0	1	53	25	964
2019	Indigenous	35	12	22	4	18	4	4	51	24	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	28	22	14	9	1	1	54	24	789
2018	Indigenous	20	38	12	12	19	0	0	58	30	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	26	27	13	9	1	1	49	23	664

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	30	30	22	9	0	0	39	31	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	24	20	14	15	2	3	48	31	1150
2020	Indigenous	14	28	21	17	20	0	0	43	36	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	22	22	14	13	2	2	50	28	963
2019	Indigenous	21	37	9	15	9	9	0	63	26	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	25	24	18	14	1	1	43	33	791
2018	Indigenous	22	30	15	6	18	5	3	56	27	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	22	25	19	15	1	1	40	35	663

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	0	0	20	28	0	0	52	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	20	12	8	10	0	6	67	20	1155
2020	Indigenous	24	33	13	0	6	0	24	75	8	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	20	15	9	9	0	5	64	19	968
2019	Indigenous	47	9	31	5	0	4	4	61	5	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	23	13	7	7	1	5	71	15	790
2018	Indigenous	52	17	7	3	7	0	13	80	12	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	19	14	7	8	1	8	68	16	665

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	10	10	10	38	0	0	42	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	25	19	10	13	0	1	57	24	1155
2020	Indigenous	22	6	35	22	14	0	0	29	36	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	26	21	12	13	1	0	54	25	969
2019	Indigenous	51	12	28	5	0	4	0	66	5	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	28	19	11	10	1	1	60	21	791
2018	Indigenous	39	26	19	0	16	0	0	65	16	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	21	23	10	11	1	2	54	22	665

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	52	0	22	9	0	0	69	31	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	27	19	9	5	1	3	65	15	1150
2020	Indigenous	27	14	21	14	8	0	17	49	26	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	30	20	11	5	1	2	64	16	965
2019	Indigenous	30	32	21	14	0	4	0	64	14	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	10	5	1	1	63	16	793
2018	Indigenous	34	27	19	11	0	3	5	66	12	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	34	21	9	6	1	2	64	15	664

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	36	10	22	0	0	0	68	22	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	27	20	11	8	1	3	60	19	1150
2020	Indigenous	22	35	14	8	20	0	0	58	28	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	30	23	12	10	1	1	55	22	967
2019	Indigenous	50	7	18	16	5	4	0	59	21	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	30	22	12	9	1	1	57	21	790
2018	Indigenous	22	44	18	16	0	0	0	66	16	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	29	24	13	9	1	1	54	22	664

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	55	17	0	18	0	0	64	18	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	26	17	7	5	0	2	69	13	1150
2020	Indigenous	43	9	15	14	20	0	0	51	34	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	31	19	8	7	1	1	65	15	964
2019	Indigenous	66	0	14	12	5	4	0	69	17	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	26	19	11	6	1	2	63	17	790
2018	Indigenous	47	33	9	8	3	0	0	80	11	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	28	23	9	5	1	1	62	15	664

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	41	0	20	12	0	0	68	32	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	25	13	8	7	1	2	71	15	1155
2020	Indigenous	28	27	6	23	16	0	0	55	39	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	27	15	9	8	1	1	67	17	960
2019	Indigenous	50	16	5	16	9	4	0	69	26	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	26	15	10	9	1	2	66	20	790

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	26	14	5	5	2	75	11	1150
2020	Indigenous	22	35	7	14	22	0	57	36	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	30	24	14	6	1	56	20	964

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	27	20	0	0	0	0	80	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	28	20	11	6	0	1	62	17	1155
2020	Indigenous	35	17	15	0	26	0	8	56	28	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	30	20	14	10	0	1	56	24	962
2019	Indigenous	35	31	18	12	0	4	0	69	12	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	29	19	7	6	1	2	67	13	787
2018	Indigenous	22	34	22	6	11	4	0	59	18	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	27	22	10	5	1	1	62	16	658

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	29	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	19	9	3	4	1	7	82	8	1150
2020	Indigenous	33	31	6	8	8	0	14	75	18	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	29	18	7	4	0	2	71	11	959
2019	Indigenous	32	26	13	16	9	4	0	60	26	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	24	13	6	6	1	2	74	12	788
2018	Indigenous	55	25	10	4	3	0	2	82	8	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	24	12	4	6	1	2	77	10	659

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	20	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	29	9	3	2	2	86	5	1150
2020	Indigenous	44	20	14	0	14	8	69	15	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	38	18	7	3	1	72	10	962

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	11	5	1	2	1	10	90	4	1150
2020	Indigenous	57	13	0	17	0	0	14	81	19	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	16	7	2	1	1	6	89	3	958
2019	Indigenous	75	9	5	7	0	4	0	88	7	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	69	13	6	2	3	1	7	89	5	788
2018	Indigenous	62	10	18	5	0	3	2	76	5	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	68	16	5	2	3	1	5	90	5	661

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	84	8	7	0	0	0	0	93	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	9	4	2	3	1	6	90	5	1150
2020	Indigenous	57	12	0	16	0	0	14	81	19	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	9	4	3	3	1	4	90	6	960
2019	Indigenous	59	21	12	0	4	4	0	83	4	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	12	5	3	4	1	3	87	7	788
2018	Indigenous	62	14	5	5	4	3	7	85	10	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	72	12	6	3	2	1	4	89	5	662

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	26	0	0	0	0	0	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	16	5	1	2	0	4	91	4	1150
2020	Indigenous	51	12	0	0	6	0	30	92	8	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	69	19	5	3	1	0	3	91	4	957
2019	Indigenous	46	21	26	0	4	4	0	69	4	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	28	7	4	2	0	3	87	6	786
2018	Indigenous	65	23	8	5	0	0	0	87	5	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	25	11	2	3	1	3	84	5	661

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	12	7	10	0	0	0	83	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	15	7	3	5	0	3	85	8	1150
2020	Indigenous	48	7	12	17	8	0	9	60	27	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	17	7	3	4	0	3	85	8	961
2019	Indigenous	59	14	12	11	0	4	0	76	12	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	19	9	5	5	1	2	81	10	782
2018	Indigenous	59	21	5	8	7	0	0	80	15	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	20	11	5	4	1	3	80	9	658

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	92	0	0	0	0	0	8	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	9	4	1	1	0	20	92	3	1155
2020	Indigenous	66	7	0	0	0	0	28	100	0	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	65	8	4	1	1	0	21	93	3	959
2019	Indigenous	70	0	12	0	0	4	14	86	0	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	59	11	5	1	1	1	23	91	2	780
2018	Indigenous	61	14	3	0	0	0	22	97	0	24
2018	Non-Indigenous	54	12	5	2	0	1	26	90	3	656

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	10	0	0	0	0	8	100	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	15	6	2	1	0	7	90	4	1150
2020	Indigenous	55	22	14	0	0	0	8	84	0	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	71	15	6	2	1	0	5	91	3	964
2019	Indigenous	75	7	9	0	0	4	4	90	0	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	17	7	2	2	1	6	89	3	782
2018	Indigenous	76	10	0	10	5	0	0	86	14	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	59	18	10	3	2	1	7	83	6	660

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	14	0	12	0	0	8	86	14	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	16	10	6	9	1	4	74	15	1155
2020	Indigenous	57	0	6	0	29	0	9	62	32	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	15	12	10	13	1	2	63	24	963
2019	Indigenous	63	5	19	5	0	4	4	74	6	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	16	13	7	9	1	4	70	16	788
2018	Indigenous	52	8	14	13	13	0	0	59	26	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	15	12	6	10	1	5	70	17	661

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	19	26	0	0	0	8	71	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	26	15	4	3	1	4	77	7	1155
2020	Indigenous	43	6	12	7	16	0	17	59	27	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	29	16	5	4	0	2	75	9	962
2019	Indigenous	66	16	0	0	9	4	4	90	10	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	27	12	2	2	1	4	83	4	780
2018	Indigenous	58	25	8	3	3	0	2	85	7	25
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	27	13	3	2	1	4	81	5	661

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	32	30	29	9	0	32	38	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	28	38	15	6	0	40	21	1160
2020	Indigenous	0	20	29	25	26	0	20	51	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	28	35	17	7	0	40	24	967
2019	Indigenous	35	23	34	9	0	0	58	9	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	29	36	13	7	1	43	21	792
2018	Indigenous	24	28	22	18	7	0	53	25	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	29	35	16	6	1	42	22	667

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	30	34	0	17	0	0	17	48	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	18	38	22	11	0	1	33	29	1155
2020	Indigenous	48	23	15	14	0	0	0	14	71	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	22	37	21	8	0	0	29	34	965
2019	Indigenous	9	17	28	39	7	0	0	46	26	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	21	38	21	9	1	1	30	32	786
2018	Indigenous	12	32	22	16	18	0	0	34	44	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	19	37	22	11	1	1	33	30	653

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	62	0	16	10	0	74	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	41	12	8	5	3	75	13	1155
2020	Indigenous	26	17	22	20	14	0	43	35	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	42	11	6	2	2	80	9	968
2019	Indigenous	35	39	16	7	0	4	76	7	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	39	18	8	4	3	69	12	791
2018	Indigenous	21	30	26	13	5	5	55	19	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	38	19	8	5	5	66	15	667

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	45	19	17	19	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	25	36	21	6	1160

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	31	8	17	10	0	0	64	27	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	28	9	4	2	4	2	84	7	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	12	17	6	22	0	0	55	28	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	30	12	6	4	5	2	76	11	968

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	10	8	19	17	0	0	56	36	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	26	10	10	7	3	0	72	17	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	0	8	14	35	0	0	43	49	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	30	11	13	10	2	1	66	23	968

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	20	8	9	17	0	0	66	26	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	29	10	5	3	2	0	82	8	1160
2020	Indigenous	43	7	8	21	22	0	0	49	43	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	33	8	7	6	1	1	79	13	960

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	22	37	7	10	0	9	40	19	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	38	14	10	7	3	0	68	17	1160
2020	Indigenous	26	17	8	21	28	0	0	43	49	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	36	15	13	7	2	0	64	20	966
2019	Indigenous	32	37	4	18	5	4	0	72	24	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	35	20	14	9	2	0	57	23	794
2018	Indigenous	27	24	12	29	4	5	0	53	35	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	36	17	14	10	2	0	59	24	668

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	55	13	12	2	0	1	73	14	225

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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	1160
2020	Indigenous	24	76	13
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	964
2019	Indigenous	18	82	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	793

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	150

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	84	16	150

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	33	7	6	2	1	0	84	8	125

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	36	0	10	0	0	0	90	10	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	33	7	6	2	5	4	83	8	1155
2020	Indigenous	40	21	14	9	8	0	8	67	18	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	34	7	6	3	2	3	84	9	967

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Compensation

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	53	8	0	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	53	19	2	1160
2020	Indigenous	59	28	12	0	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	41	23	1	969

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	295

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	23	14	20	25	2	5	37	48	295

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	17	15	18	33	4	4	28	56	295

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	24	9	10	10	8	0	68	22	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	14	9	5	4	5	23	76	12	1160
2020	Indigenous	17	28	0	14	25	0	16	53	47	14
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	19	14	5	5	3	13	71	12	968
2019	Indigenous	41	7	12	13	20	7	0	51	36	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	19	13	9	10	1	10	63	22	784
2018	Indigenous	39	11	20	6	16	0	7	54	25	26
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	16	16	9	8	2	10	62	20	666

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Hybrid Work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	29	8	2	32	425

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	465

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	465

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	465

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	70	465

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	465

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	465

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	465

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	465

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	465

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	465

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	465

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	465

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	465

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	11	5	1	2	1	4	92	3	465

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	13	18	13	38	5	6	57	23	465

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	16	19	16	34	6	2	54	26	465

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources