2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Public Service Commission of Canada by Question 104. What is your current employee status?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 49 3 8 3 0 0 85 11 560
2022 Term 59 33 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2022 Student 38 43 10 0 8 0 0 81 8 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 45 6 15 4 0 0 75 19 535
2020 Term 61 31 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 13

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 68 25 3 2 1 0 0 94 3 560
2022 Term 76 24 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2022 Student 77 12 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 66 24 4 3 2 0 0 90 6 535
2020 Term 70 22 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 13

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 36 7 7 3 0 0 82 11 560
2022 Term 59 24 9 0 0 0 8 90 0 15
2022 Student 57 21 10 6 0 0 6 82 7 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 41 10 12 4 0 1 73 17 536
2020 Term 46 22 0 16 7 9 0 75 25 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 33 4 7 4 0 0 84 11 616
2019 Casual 67 23 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 18
2019 Student 49 34 2 10 5 0 0 83 15 41

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 37 10 9 2 0 1 79 11 560
2022 Term 38 50 10 3 0 0 0 87 3 15
2022 Student 28 37 29 6 0 0 0 65 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 39 10 10 4 0 1 76 13 535
2020 Term 37 38 26 0 0 0 0 74 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 36 11 9 4 0 1 76 12 613
2019 Casual 46 30 15 5 0 0 4 79 6 17
2019 Student 34 32 22 7 2 0 2 68 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 46 9 9 4 1 2 77 14 524
2018 Casual 31 26 29 0 0 0 15 67 0 12
2018 Student 26 42 16 5 11 0 0 68 16 19

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 35 5 5 2 0 0 88 7 560
2022 Term 51 42 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 15
2022 Student 75 19 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 36 11 6 4 0 0 79 10 532
2020 Term 68 32 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 54 35 6 3 2 0 0 89 5 613
2019 Casual 63 27 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 18
2019 Student 76 15 5 5 0 0 0 90 5 41

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 34 8 7 5 0 0 80 13 560
2022 Term 46 30 17 0 0 0 7 82 0 15
2022 Student 50 35 6 0 0 8 0 93 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 28 10 7 5 0 1 78 12 535
2020 Term 84 16 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 28 7 6 3 0 0 84 9 617
2019 Term 49 30 15 6 0 0 0 79 6 15
2019 Casual 73 23 0 4 0 0 0 96 4 18
2019 Student 54 22 10 5 2 5 2 82 8 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 31 7 7 4 0 1 83 11 523
2018 Casual 64 29 0 0 8 0 0 92 8 12
2018 Student 42 42 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 19

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 42 11 6 3 0 0 80 10 560
2022 Term 53 39 3 5 0 0 0 92 5 15
2022 Student 40 39 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 35 13 9 5 0 0 73 14 536
2020 Term 59 23 0 8 9 0 0 82 18 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 41 10 8 4 0 0 79 11 615
2019 Casual 49 24 17 10 0 0 0 73 10 18
2019 Student 32 39 15 7 5 2 0 73 13 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 41 12 7 6 0 0 76 12 522
2018 Casual 59 16 8 18 0 0 0 74 18 12
2018 Student 26 42 21 11 0 0 0 68 11 19

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 33 13 10 4 0 0 72 15 560
2022 Term 48 38 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2022 Student 61 23 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 38 12 9 4 0 0 75 13 537
2020 Term 67 24 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 38 13 11 4 0 0 72 15 617
2019 Casual 56 30 5 4 0 0 5 90 4 18
2019 Student 56 32 5 5 2 0 0 88 7 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 33 18 11 6 0 0 64 18 522
2018 Casual 67 8 8 10 0 0 8 81 11 12
2018 Student 37 37 16 5 5 0 0 74 11 19

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 40 7 8 3 0 0 81 11 560
2022 Term 52 33 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2022 Student 22 72 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 38 9 9 4 0 0 77 14 534
2020 Term 52 39 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 38 11 7 4 0 0 77 11 618
2019 Casual 45 28 7 16 4 0 0 73 20 18
2019 Student 34 39 12 12 2 0 0 73 15 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 38 13 8 6 0 0 73 14 520
2018 Casual 48 34 0 10 0 8 0 89 11 12
2018 Student 26 26 21 21 5 0 0 53 26 19

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 39 5 4 2 0 0 89 6 560
2022 Term 42 43 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 15
2022 Student 46 37 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 35 7 4 2 0 0 88 6 536
2020 Term 85 8 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 47 41 8 3 2 0 0 88 5 615
2019 Casual 54 29 0 4 5 7 0 90 10 18
2019 Student 41 32 17 7 2 0 0 73 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 40 10 2 3 0 0 85 5 521
2018 Casual 67 23 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 12
2018 Student 42 32 21 5 0 0 0 74 5 19

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 36 10 6 5 0 0 79 11 560
2022 Term 43 16 30 10 0 0 0 59 10 15
2022 Student 44 35 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 35 11 10 5 0 0 73 15 536
2020 Term 60 31 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 39 12 10 4 0 0 75 13 617
2019 Casual 66 12 5 10 0 7 0 84 10 18
2019 Student 54 32 10 2 2 0 0 85 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 35 15 9 6 0 0 69 15 521
2018 Casual 67 16 8 10 0 0 0 82 10 12
2018 Student 37 42 16 5 0 0 0 79 5 19

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 38 7 3 2 0 0 87 5 560
2022 Term 65 30 0 5 0 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Student 38 56 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 33 10 4 2 0 0 84 7 530
2020 Term 67 24 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 34 9 6 1 0 0 84 7 615
2019 Casual 71 22 7 0 0 0 0 93 0 18
2019 Student 46 41 7 5 0 0 0 88 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 38 11 4 2 0 0 83 6 519
2018 Casual 74 8 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 12
2018 Student 37 16 37 11 0 0 0 53 11 19

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 39 9 10 5 0 0 76 15 560
2022 Term 36 28 19 10 6 0 0 64 16 15
2022 Student 38 25 23 14 0 0 0 63 14 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 38 13 10 3 0 0 74 13 534
2020 Term 59 31 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 39 13 10 4 0 0 74 13 614
2019 Casual 59 24 0 13 4 0 0 83 17 17
2019 Student 49 34 10 2 5 0 0 83 7 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 41 13 8 6 0 0 73 14 521
2018 Casual 42 25 10 8 8 0 8 72 17 12
2018 Student 42 32 5 21 0 0 0 74 21 19

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 41 8 8 5 0 0 79 13 560
2022 Term 41 51 3 5 0 0 0 92 5 15
2022 Student 52 35 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 34 11 10 5 0 0 74 14 535
2020 Term 51 32 8 0 9 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 37 13 8 3 0 1 75 11 615
2019 Casual 54 34 0 12 0 0 0 88 12 18
2019 Student 41 39 15 2 2 0 0 80 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 38 15 9 5 0 0 71 15 520
2018 Casual 42 25 26 0 8 0 0 66 8 12
2018 Student 26 53 11 5 5 0 0 79 11 19

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 36 12 8 3 0 0 77 11 560
2022 Term 46 42 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 15
2022 Student 30 47 23 0 0 0 0 77 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 38 11 10 3 0 0 76 13 531
2020 Term 60 31 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 43 11 6 2 0 0 80 8 613
2019 Casual 49 36 5 0 10 0 0 85 10 18
2019 Student 44 41 7 5 0 0 2 88 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 38 15 7 5 0 1 73 12 518
2018 Casual 56 23 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 12
2018 Student 32 47 11 11 0 0 0 79 11 19

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 38 11 5 2 0 0 81 7 560
2022 Term 62 30 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 15
2022 Student 30 64 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 36 10 7 3 0 0 80 10 536
2020 Term 52 31 0 18 0 0 0 82 18 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 41 10 6 2 0 0 82 8 618
2019 Casual 56 29 9 0 6 0 0 85 6 18
2019 Student 46 29 10 12 2 0 0 76 15 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 41 12 6 3 0 0 78 10 520
2018 Casual 67 33 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 32 58 5 5 0 0 0 89 5 19

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 30 14 8 6 1 1 71 14 560
2022 Term 57 43 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2022 Student 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 42 30 12 9 7 0 0 72 16 535
2020 Term 60 24 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 33 14 4 4 0 0 78 8 613
2019 Casual 56 25 15 4 0 0 0 81 4 18
2019 Student 83 10 2 5 0 0 0 93 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 29 15 8 4 0 1 72 12 522
2018 Casual 56 11 18 0 0 0 15 79 0 12
2018 Student 79 11 0 5 5 0 0 89 11 19

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 20 39 20 11 0 1 32 28 560
2022 Term 0 3 59 16 22 0 0 38 3 15
2022 Student 0 10 29 28 33 0 0 61 10 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 24 33 24 8 0 0 31 35 534
2020 Term 0 15 31 31 23 0 0 54 15 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 17 38 23 10 1 2 34 26 613
2019 Casual 6 19 24 15 35 0 0 51 25 18
2019 Student 2 17 41 27 12 0 0 39 20 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 23 37 18 11 1 2 29 33 519
2018 Casual 0 8 43 18 15 8 8 40 9 12
2018 Student 11 16 16 32 21 5 0 56 28 19

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 24 32 16 8 1 4 25 41 560
2022 Term 5 15 47 16 18 0 0 33 20 15
2022 Student 8 26 19 14 33 0 0 47 34 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 25 32 17 9 1 1 26 42 536
2020 Term 8 16 31 24 22 0 0 46 23 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 24 30 17 11 2 3 29 39 614
2019 Casual 10 28 17 21 19 0 4 42 40 18
2019 Student 10 20 29 17 20 5 0 38 31 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 26 32 14 10 1 2 25 41 522
2018 Casual 18 26 8 0 26 7 15 33 57 12
2018 Student 32 16 21 11 16 5 0 28 50 19

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 12 34 28 15 1 2 43 22 560
2022 Term 0 0 48 29 11 6 5 46 0 15
2022 Student 0 0 8 37 55 0 0 92 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 18 28 31 14 0 0 45 27 533
2020 Term 9 0 23 38 29 0 0 68 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 13 32 31 16 1 1 48 19 611
2019 Casual 0 7 32 15 46 0 0 61 7 18
2019 Student 0 2 10 37 49 2 0 88 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 17 35 29 12 1 2 42 22 521
2018 Casual 0 8 11 33 40 0 8 80 8 12
2018 Student 5 5 16 37 32 5 0 72 11 19

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 20 27 19 15 1 2 36 36 560
2022 Term 0 0 41 30 18 6 5 54 0 15
2022 Student 0 0 21 22 57 0 0 79 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 22 26 22 13 1 1 36 38 535
2020 Term 0 0 32 39 28 0 0 68 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 15 29 25 17 2 3 44 26 610
2019 Casual 0 6 31 19 39 5 0 61 6 18
2019 Student 5 3 0 35 45 10 3 91 9 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 23 27 24 11 1 2 36 36 521
2018 Casual 0 0 18 18 48 8 8 78 0 12
2018 Student 16 5 5 26 32 11 5 69 25 19

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 22 27 17 12 3 4 31 41 560
2022 Term 3 12 23 31 11 6 13 53 18 15
2022 Student 0 0 21 10 55 14 0 76 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 16 28 27 18 2 1 47 24 533
2020 Term 0 16 14 33 37 0 0 70 16 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 23 26 23 13 4 2 38 35 610
2019 Casual 0 10 12 29 31 18 0 74 12 17
2019 Student 2 12 15 12 32 22 5 60 20 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 23 25 18 11 3 2 31 44 518
2018 Casual 10 33 8 8 33 0 8 45 47 12
2018 Student 16 16 26 5 26 11 0 35 35 19

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 19 35 17 10 2 3 29 34 560
2022 Term 3 8 26 52 11 0 0 63 11 15
2022 Student 0 0 38 14 39 0 8 58 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 20 32 22 11 2 0 34 34 534
2020 Term 0 15 40 23 22 0 0 45 15 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 20 31 23 11 2 2 35 33 616
2019 Casual 10 5 42 20 17 5 0 40 16 18
2019 Student 5 3 38 25 18 10 3 49 9 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 22 36 16 9 3 2 27 35 520
2018 Casual 18 15 26 8 26 8 0 36 35 12
2018 Student 5 16 32 16 21 11 0 41 24 19

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 12 35 26 18 1 3 45 20 560
2022 Term 5 3 39 41 5 0 7 49 9 15
2022 Student 0 12 26 22 31 0 8 58 13 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 27 34 20 6 0 0 27 40 535
2020 Term 16 8 39 8 30 0 0 38 23 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 29 30 16 7 1 1 24 46 614
2019 Casual 0 33 27 23 12 5 0 37 34 18
2019 Student 15 15 24 29 15 2 0 45 30 41
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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 29 16 6 5 10 7 68 13 560
2022 Term 14 31 19 10 0 0 27 61 13 15
2022 Student 28 16 6 0 0 16 33 88 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 36 14 8 3 6 5 73 12 536
2020 Term 36 31 23 9 0 0 0 68 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 34 15 6 5 7 4 71 13 615
2019 Casual 54 25 11 0 0 5 5 88 0 18
2019 Student 46 29 2 5 7 5 5 84 14 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 34 16 12 5 6 5 64 19 521
2018 Casual 34 28 8 0 0 16 15 89 0 12
2018 Student 47 11 5 5 0 16 16 85 8 19

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 64 23 5 4 4 0 0 87 8 560
2022 Term 42 34 15 0 0 5 4 84 0 15
2022 Student 61 33 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 58 26 6 6 4 0 0 84 10 535
2020 Term 36 54 0 0 9 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 29 7 6 2 1 0 84 8 615
2019 Casual 66 19 15 0 0 0 0 85 0 18
2019 Student 59 29 5 2 5 0 0 88 7 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 30 6 9 4 1 0 80 13 521
2018 Casual 60 33 0 0 0 8 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 89 5 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 19

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 67 24 3 4 2 0 0 91 6 560
2022 Term 49 35 12 0 0 0 4 88 0 15
2022 Student 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 32 5 3 1 0 0 91 4 536
2020 Term 60 23 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 38 4 5 1 0 0 90 6 612
2019 Casual 82 12 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 18
2019 Student 78 15 2 5 0 0 0 93 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 37 4 6 2 0 0 88 8 521
2018 Casual 72 21 0 0 0 8 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 19

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 57 30 6 4 2 0 0 88 6 560
2022 Term 49 15 31 0 0 5 0 67 0 15
2022 Student 53 41 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 36 6 5 1 1 0 88 6 534
2020 Term 44 39 8 9 0 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 38 9 3 1 1 0 87 4 615
2019 Casual 66 14 5 11 0 4 0 83 11 18
2019 Student 66 27 2 2 2 0 0 93 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 37 9 5 3 1 0 83 8 521
2018 Casual 59 26 0 0 0 8 8 100 0 12
2018 Student 47 42 0 5 0 5 0 94 6 19

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 27 8 5 4 8 6 79 11 560
2022 Term 35 19 14 12 0 13 7 68 15 15
2022 Student 79 6 6 0 0 8 0 93 0 15

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 27 9 7 3 8 6 78 11 560
2022 Term 41 14 9 5 8 18 7 72 16 15
2022 Student 79 6 6 0 0 8 0 93 0 15
Top of page

My Immediate Supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 27 10 3 3 1 5 83 6 560
2022 Term 48 24 16 0 0 0 12 82 0 15
2022 Student 32 29 14 8 0 0 17 73 10 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 61 24 7 5 2 0 1 86 6 537
2020 Term 60 15 17 8 0 0 0 76 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 25 10 4 2 1 3 83 7 615
2019 Casual 83 5 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 18
2019 Student 54 22 10 10 0 0 5 79 10 41

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 33 6 8 3 1 1 82 11 560
2022 Term 56 39 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 15
2022 Student 61 33 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 35 8 6 2 0 0 84 8 537
2020 Term 67 16 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 34 10 7 4 0 1 79 11 612
2019 Casual 75 16 0 4 0 0 5 96 4 18
2019 Student 46 32 5 10 7 0 0 78 17 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 38 10 9 6 0 1 75 15 522
2018 Casual 41 34 0 0 10 0 15 88 12 12
2018 Student 37 37 21 5 0 0 0 74 5 19

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 25 9 4 3 2 2 83 7 560
2022 Term 57 36 3 0 0 0 4 97 0 15
2022 Student 53 31 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 26 12 7 3 1 1 78 10 535
2020 Term 61 25 8 0 0 0 7 92 0 13

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 31 7 4 3 0 0 86 7 560
2022 Term 48 48 3 0 0 0 0 97 0 15
2022 Student 52 41 0 0 0 0 6 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 32 7 6 2 0 0 85 8 537
2020 Term 52 40 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 30 9 5 3 1 1 83 8 612
2019 Casual 66 24 4 6 0 0 0 90 6 17
2019 Student 51 34 10 2 2 0 0 85 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 32 12 5 5 0 1 77 10 519
2018 Casual 56 8 11 0 10 0 15 75 12 12
2018 Student 56 11 22 11 0 0 0 67 11 18

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 67 22 3 2 2 2 1 92 5 560
2022 Term 67 22 0 0 6 0 5 93 7 15
2022 Student 79 6 6 0 0 8 0 93 0 15

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 27 7 4 4 0 0 86 7 560
2022 Term 71 19 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 15
2022 Student 75 25 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 26 7 5 4 0 0 85 9 537
2020 Term 84 16 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 29 7 5 3 0 0 85 8 618
2019 Casual 73 12 5 10 0 0 0 85 10 18
2019 Student 68 12 10 5 5 0 0 80 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 30 9 8 6 1 1 77 14 520
2018 Casual 71 11 0 10 0 0 8 89 11 12
2018 Student 58 21 11 11 0 0 0 79 11 19

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 88 9 1 1 1 0 0 97 2 560
2022 Term 76 17 0 0 0 0 7 100 0 15
2022 Student 90 0 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 15
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 86 10 1 1 0 0 0 97 2 612
2019 Casual 95 5 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 18
2019 Student 88 10 2 0 0 0 0 98 0 41
Top of page

Senior Management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 34 9 6 5 10 0 79 12 560
2022 Term 48 29 0 0 9 14 0 89 11 15
2022 Student 75 10 0 0 0 14 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 29 12 7 2 7 0 77 10 538
2020 Term 52 23 8 9 0 8 0 81 10 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 35 13 6 3 8 0 76 10 610
2019 Casual 59 32 0 10 0 0 0 90 10 18
2019 Student 61 24 2 0 0 12 0 97 0 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 34 14 6 3 9 0 74 10 522
2018 Casual 66 26 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 12
2018 Student 58 26 5 0 0 11 0 94 0 19

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 35 13 11 7 4 0 68 19 560
2022 Term 48 36 4 0 5 6 0 90 5 15
2022 Student 39 29 26 6 0 0 0 68 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 34 15 10 4 1 0 71 14 534
2020 Term 52 31 8 0 9 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 38 17 7 5 2 0 70 12 609
2019 Casual 69 14 0 6 4 7 0 90 10 18
2019 Student 59 34 0 0 0 7 0 100 0 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 35 17 10 5 3 0 68 15 519
2018 Casual 66 26 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 12
2018 Student 47 32 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 19

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 32 17 15 8 6 0 56 25 560
2022 Term 43 36 4 5 5 6 0 85 11 15
2022 Student 47 0 40 0 6 6 0 50 7 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 24 34 13 17 5 6 0 62 24 537
2020 Term 52 23 8 0 9 8 0 81 10 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 38 17 12 5 7 0 63 18 608
2019 Casual 47 21 5 11 4 12 0 77 17 18
2019 Student 40 43 8 0 0 10 0 92 0 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 33 21 12 6 7 0 57 20 520
2018 Casual 56 36 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 12
2018 Student 37 21 26 0 5 11 0 65 6 19

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 38 15 14 9 3 0 61 24 560
2022 Term 24 37 35 0 5 0 0 60 5 15
2022 Student 54 30 6 10 0 0 0 83 10 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 26 38 13 17 5 2 0 64 23 535
2020 Term 60 15 8 17 0 0 0 75 17 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 39 18 13 7 3 0 60 21 610
2019 Casual 52 26 0 12 4 6 0 83 17 17
2019 Student 38 20 15 10 8 10 0 64 19 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 35 20 18 7 3 0 54 25 521
2018 Casual 56 26 10 0 0 0 8 89 0 12
2018 Student 26 26 26 5 5 11 0 59 12 19

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 65 26 6 1 1 1 0 92 2 560
2022 Term 70 21 0 0 5 4 0 95 5 15
2022 Student 83 6 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 69 20 7 3 0 1 0 90 3 537
2020 Term 54 21 16 9 0 0 0 75 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 65 25 7 2 0 2 0 92 2 613
2019 Casual 67 19 0 7 0 7 0 92 8 18
2019 Student 73 23 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 40
Top of page

My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 47 12 10 4 2 0 73 14 560
2022 Term 41 40 0 19 0 0 0 81 19 15
2022 Student 54 33 13 0 0 0 0 87 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 47 11 8 1 1 0 80 9 538
2020 Term 55 30 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 48 11 8 1 1 0 80 10 615
2019 Casual 53 31 0 5 4 7 0 90 10 18
2019 Student 44 29 12 7 0 7 0 79 8 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 42 14 9 2 1 0 75 11 518
2018 Casual 61 29 0 0 0 11 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 47 37 5 5 0 5 0 89 6 19

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 34 18 18 11 4 0 51 30 560
2022 Term 18 51 14 10 0 6 0 74 11 15
2022 Student 21 51 12 0 0 16 0 85 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 44 19 13 5 1 0 62 18 538
2020 Term 45 30 8 9 0 8 0 81 10 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 42 20 13 4 4 0 61 18 611
2019 Casual 35 43 10 0 4 7 0 85 4 18
2019 Student 32 34 2 20 5 7 0 71 26 41

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 33 11 8 4 3 1 76 13 560
2022 Term 37 49 3 5 0 0 5 92 5 15
2022 Student 44 21 21 14 0 0 0 65 14 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 34 8 4 3 1 0 84 7 537
2020 Term 37 55 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 35 10 8 4 2 1 78 12 613
2019 Casual 41 38 0 14 0 7 0 85 15 18
2019 Student 37 32 7 5 5 12 2 80 11 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 37 14 11 4 3 2 68 17 519
2018 Casual 48 18 11 8 8 0 8 72 17 12
2018 Student 42 26 5 26 0 0 0 68 26 19

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 36 17 5 3 2 0 75 8 560
2022 Term 38 27 21 5 6 0 4 67 11 15
2022 Student 50 27 14 0 0 8 0 84 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 38 11 4 1 1 0 83 5 534
2020 Term 60 23 8 0 9 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 41 16 4 3 2 0 78 6 615
2019 Casual 66 18 12 4 0 0 0 84 4 18
2019 Student 49 37 7 2 0 5 0 90 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 39 15 6 3 1 1 76 8 519
2018 Casual 48 33 11 0 0 8 0 88 0 12
2018 Student 37 42 16 5 0 0 0 79 5 19

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 25 16 10 10 14 4 57 23 560
2022 Term 23 30 14 10 0 12 11 68 13 15
2022 Student 45 41 0 0 0 8 6 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 23 18 12 7 9 4 57 22 536
2020 Term 21 31 8 8 9 16 7 68 22 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 24 21 12 9 13 3 51 24 616
2019 Casual 35 27 12 9 0 16 0 74 11 18
2019 Student 44 22 10 10 0 7 7 77 11 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 23 18 14 11 13 4 48 30 519
2018 Casual 38 0 10 11 0 18 23 65 18 12
2018 Student 47 21 21 5 0 5 0 72 6 19

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 41 13 9 6 2 0 71 15 560
2022 Term 38 43 8 5 0 6 0 87 5 15
2022 Student 46 37 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 32 16 15 6 2 0 62 22 536
2020 Term 37 39 0 16 9 0 0 75 25 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 38 15 15 7 3 0 62 23 611
2019 Casual 48 36 5 4 0 7 0 90 4 18
2019 Student 53 23 10 3 3 10 0 83 6 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 35 18 13 9 3 0 59 22 519
2018 Casual 37 48 0 0 0 0 16 100 0 11
2018 Student 47 26 0 16 0 11 0 82 18 19

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 47 23 12 5 6 1 5 75 12 560
2022 Term 55 14 9 6 0 0 16 82 7 15
2022 Student 43 48 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 54 18 12 6 4 0 4 76 11 536
2020 Term 67 18 0 8 0 0 8 92 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 22 13 5 3 0 4 78 9 614
2019 Casual 63 15 0 6 0 0 16 93 7 18
2019 Student 54 17 7 10 0 0 12 81 11 41

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 21 11 5 3 3 4 79 9 560
2022 Term 53 10 15 6 0 0 16 75 7 15
2022 Student 63 8 8 12 0 0 8 78 13 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 24 13 7 3 1 2 76 10 530
2020 Term 37 24 18 16 0 0 7 64 17 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 22 16 5 4 1 3 75 9 613
2019 Casual 57 10 5 5 0 7 16 87 7 18
2019 Student 66 5 7 10 2 2 7 78 14 41

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 11 4 2 4 4 6 89 6 560
2022 Term 57 10 8 6 0 0 20 83 8 15
2022 Student 77 14 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 76 8 5 2 3 2 3 89 6 534
2020 Term 75 8 8 0 9 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 77 8 5 2 2 3 4 91 4 612
2019 Casual 67 10 0 0 0 7 16 100 0 18
2019 Student 83 5 0 5 0 0 7 95 5 41

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 9 4 2 3 2 11 90 5 560
2022 Term 48 26 9 0 0 6 11 90 0 15
2022 Student 69 14 0 8 0 0 8 91 9 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 75 9 5 1 1 1 7 92 2 536
2020 Term 83 0 0 0 0 9 8 100 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 77 7 3 0 2 0 10 94 2 612
2019 Casual 61 0 5 0 0 7 27 92 0 18
2019 Student 76 10 5 0 2 0 7 92 3 41

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 31 12 14 13 3 2 59 28 560
2022 Term 22 26 15 18 5 5 9 56 27 15
2022 Student 8 62 6 0 7 8 8 84 9 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 27 14 19 16 2 2 49 36 537
2020 Term 14 32 8 8 17 8 14 59 32 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 25 16 21 17 2 2 45 39 616
2019 Casual 50 21 5 0 6 7 11 87 7 18
2019 Student 41 17 5 7 7 7 15 75 19 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 26 16 18 21 3 2 42 41 521
2018 Casual 23 26 8 0 0 0 43 86 0 12
2018 Student 47 16 11 5 5 0 16 75 13 19

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 45 12 9 4 3 0 75 13 560
2022 Term 37 28 26 5 5 0 0 64 10 15
2022 Student 33 47 20 0 0 0 0 80 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 45 16 10 2 2 0 71 12 537
2020 Term 28 40 15 17 0 0 0 68 17 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 46 18 8 1 4 0 71 10 615
2019 Casual 43 28 7 5 4 12 0 82 10 18
2019 Student 34 44 10 10 0 2 0 80 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 24 40 20 8 3 4 0 67 12 519
2018 Casual 48 8 29 0 0 8 8 66 0 12
2018 Student 37 37 0 16 5 5 0 78 22 19

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 35 8 5 4 3 0 82 9 560
2022 Term 37 25 13 9 5 12 0 70 15 15
2022 Student 59 35 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 36 9 7 3 1 0 81 9 535
2020 Term 44 31 0 16 9 0 0 75 25 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 38 10 4 2 1 0 83 6 609
2019 Casual 46 37 0 10 0 7 0 90 10 17
2019 Student 68 17 7 7 0 0 0 85 7 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 38 8 5 1 1 0 86 6 519
2018 Casual 82 18 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 58 42 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 19

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 34 10 5 2 5 0 83 7 560
2022 Term 41 41 9 5 0 0 5 86 5 15
2022 Student 39 46 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 35 8 4 1 2 0 87 5 536
2020 Term 38 37 16 0 9 0 0 75 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 54 34 8 1 1 2 0 90 2 614
2019 Casual 53 29 7 0 0 4 7 92 0 18
2019 Student 76 15 5 2 0 2 0 93 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 47 37 10 2 1 2 0 86 4 519
2018 Casual 93 7 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 58 21 21 0 0 0 0 79 0 19

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 29 17 4 3 12 1 72 8 560
2022 Term 29 24 18 0 5 12 12 70 6 15
2022 Student 36 17 16 6 0 25 0 70 8 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 35 10 4 2 2 0 84 6 537
2020 Term 46 39 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 13

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 31 7 4 6 6 3 82 11 560
2022 Term 42 16 18 8 5 12 0 65 14 15
2022 Student 38 41 12 0 0 8 0 87 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 30 8 7 3 1 2 81 11 538
2020 Term 52 31 0 17 0 0 0 83 17 13

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 3 5 9 6 43 5 30 75 12 560
2022 Term 6 9 12 0 16 6 51 37 34 15
2022 Student 0 0 6 0 66 8 20 91 0 15

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 20 20 3 3 37 3 57 9 560
2022 Term 15 9 14 0 5 23 34 56 11 15
2022 Student 7 0 6 0 0 70 17 54 0 15

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 33 4 4 3 0 0 89 7 560
2022 Term 56 39 0 5 0 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Student 67 33 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 31 8 2 1 0 0 89 3 537
2020 Term 52 39 0 9 0 0 0 91 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 61 30 5 3 1 0 0 91 4 614
2019 Casual 72 24 0 4 0 0 0 96 4 17
2019 Student 78 12 5 2 0 2 0 93 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 33 8 4 2 0 0 86 6 520
2018 Casual 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 19

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 32 12 7 4 1 0 77 11 560
2022 Term 67 28 0 0 5 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Student 71 22 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 31 14 7 2 0 0 77 9 534
2020 Term 52 31 8 9 0 0 0 83 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 31 12 5 2 1 0 81 7 614
2019 Casual 69 21 0 0 10 0 0 90 10 18
2019 Student 66 22 7 5 0 0 0 88 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 32 15 6 4 1 0 74 10 517
2018 Casual 71 18 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 12
2018 Student 53 21 11 11 5 0 0 74 16 19

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 32 13 7 4 0 0 76 11 560
2022 Term 57 38 0 0 5 0 0 95 5 15
2022 Student 45 48 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 33 12 8 2 0 0 77 10 528
2020 Term 52 24 16 9 0 0 0 75 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 36 12 6 3 0 0 80 8 614
2019 Casual 62 23 5 0 10 0 0 85 10 18
2019 Student 68 12 10 7 0 2 0 83 8 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 37 14 8 3 1 0 75 11 518
2018 Casual 79 11 10 0 0 0 0 90 0 12
2018 Student 37 42 11 5 5 0 0 79 11 19

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 25 12 13 7 4 0 67 21 560
2022 Term 54 27 0 10 5 0 4 85 15 15
2022 Student 29 27 16 6 7 14 0 65 16 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 28 14 12 7 2 1 67 19 537
2020 Term 44 15 32 8 0 0 0 59 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 22 15 12 9 3 0 63 21 616
2019 Casual 50 9 19 5 10 7 0 63 16 18
2019 Student 34 24 12 10 7 10 2 67 19 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 25 18 12 9 4 1 59 22 521
2018 Casual 49 18 18 8 0 0 7 72 8 12
2018 Student 32 16 21 11 11 5 5 53 24 19
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Mobility and Retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Unsure
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 29 30 560
2022 Term 52 16 32 15
2022 Student 67 8 24 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 32 30 538
2020 Term 24 37 39 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 26 34 617
2019 Casual 67 16 17 17
2019 Student 61 20 20 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 27 34 524
2018 Casual 34 30 36 12
2018 Student 47 21 32 19

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes, to retire
(%)		 Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Yes, other reason Specify other reason
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 35 41 5 0 9 230
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 25 55 1 0 5 207
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 23 54 3 0 10 243
2019 Student 0 0 8 4 88 0 25
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 24 56 3 0 5 204
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 92 560
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 538
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 618
2019 Casual 0 100 18
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 523
2018 Casual 0 100 12

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 73 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 60 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 59 58

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 77 23 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 67 33 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 64 36 58

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 96 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 50

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 58

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 93 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 50

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 95 45

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 49 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 57

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 63 37 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 61 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 51 57

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 57 43 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 48 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 47 53 57

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 60 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 55 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 63 57

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 28 72 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 73 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 57

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 41 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 64 36 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 47 57

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 57 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 69 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 57

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 95 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 57

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 2 98 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 50

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 57

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 66 34 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 59 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 42 58 57

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 57

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 57

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 50 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 30 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 59 56

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 67 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 56

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 83 56

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 56

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 50

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 93 45

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 86 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 56

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 56

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 45
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 50
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 81 56

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 91 40

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 40

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 89 40

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 93 40

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 95 40

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 81 40

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 73 40

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 82 40

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 40

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 71 40

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 6 94 40

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 55 40

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 2 98 40

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 40

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 40

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 13 9 3 4 42 15 63 16 560
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 15 14 4 3 35 9 63 13 535
2020 Term 45 8 17 8 0 23 0 68 10 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 14 16 6 5 34 10 52 19 616
2019 Casual 26 16 4 6 0 32 16 81 11 18
2019 Student 38 13 3 0 5 40 3 87 9 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 18 17 7 5 34 4 53 19 516
2018 Casual 23 8 11 0 0 36 22 74 0 12
2018 Student 16 5 21 5 0 32 21 44 11 19

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 35 10 4 3 14 1 80 8 560
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 33 13 5 2 7 0 80 7 535
2020 Term 68 8 25 0 0 0 0 75 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 34 13 5 2 8 1 78 8 617
2019 Casual 47 20 0 6 0 20 7 92 8 18
2019 Student 59 20 2 5 0 12 2 91 6 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 32 13 6 2 11 1 75 10 517
2018 Casual 56 16 11 0 0 18 0 87 0 12
2018 Student 42 16 16 0 0 26 0 79 0 19
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Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 92 560
2022 Term 0 100 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 92 536
2020 Term 0 100 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 92 616
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 6 94 521
2018 Casual 0 100 12

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 81 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 26 74 50
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 61 32

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 85 15 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 77 23 50
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 81 19 32

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 50
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 83 45

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 45

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 6 94 45
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 32

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 78 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 24 76 32

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 83 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 48

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 96 45

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 82 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 79 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 78 32

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 75 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 82 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 32

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 48

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 2 98 45

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 81 32

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 96 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 78 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 79 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 82 32

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 75 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 32

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 64 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 24 76 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 62 32

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 83 32

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 10 90 45
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 32

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 82 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 48

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 95 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 48

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 7 93 45

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 96 45
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 75 32

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 91 48

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 54 45
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 56 48
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 41 59 32

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 91 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 19 81 30

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 40

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 40

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 40

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 15 85 30

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 73 30

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 92 40

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 42 58 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 48 30

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 100 30

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 45 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 44 30

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 2 98 40

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 78 40

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 11 11 4 3 44 10 63 14 560
2022 Term 32 12 15 0 0 13 28 74 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 15 14 3 3 37 8 66 10 534
2020 Term 37 15 16 0 9 23 0 68 12 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 14 15 3 2 39 9 61 10 619
2019 Casual 31 15 6 5 0 26 16 81 9 18
2019 Student 38 5 8 3 3 35 10 77 9 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 17 14 20 2 3 39 4 55 9 520
2018 Casual 23 18 0 0 0 36 22 100 0 12
2018 Student 21 0 26 0 5 37 11 40 10 19

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 37 34 9 4 3 12 1 82 7 560
2022 Term 42 26 16 0 0 6 9 81 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 32 12 3 2 8 1 82 5 537
2020 Term 46 30 16 9 0 0 0 75 9 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 33 14 2 2 8 1 80 5 618
2019 Casual 59 19 11 0 0 11 0 88 0 18
2019 Student 66 10 7 2 0 10 5 89 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 34 13 2 2 14 1 79 6 520
2018 Casual 64 18 0 0 0 18 0 100 0 12
2018 Student 47 11 16 5 5 16 0 69 13 19

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 0 0 7 19 41 24 9 0 90 10
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Stress and Well-Being

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 28 19 9 12 1 2 59 21 555
2022 Term 30 20 25 3 11 0 10 56 16 15
2022 Student 39 39 14 0 7 0 0 78 7 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 30 20 10 8 1 1 61 19 535
2020 Term 23 31 22 15 0 9 0 59 17 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 27 25 11 15 0 1 49 26 616
2019 Casual 32 7 32 23 6 0 0 40 28 17
2019 Student 41 24 12 7 12 2 0 68 20 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 21 26 15 15 1 2 43 31 522
2018 Casual 31 11 35 16 8 0 0 42 23 12
2018 Student 11 21 21 21 26 0 0 32 47 19

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 27 24 16 15 0 1 45 31 560
2022 Term 31 15 45 3 6 0 0 45 10 15
2022 Student 54 32 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 30 22 15 11 0 0 52 26 537
2020 Term 23 46 8 23 0 0 0 69 23 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 26 28 25 13 8 0 0 54 21 617
2019 Casual 50 25 17 0 7 0 0 76 7 18
2019 Student 51 29 10 5 0 5 0 85 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 29 25 17 10 0 1 48 27 522
2018 Casual 45 29 26 0 0 0 0 74 0 12
2018 Student 32 16 26 11 11 5 0 50 22 19

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 30 23 12 9 0 1 56 21 560
2022 Term 26 22 41 0 6 0 5 50 7 15
2022 Student 55 25 12 8 0 0 0 79 8 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 29 21 14 9 0 0 56 23 533
2020 Term 44 16 16 24 0 0 0 60 24 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 34 19 10 5 0 0 65 15 611
2019 Casual 54 14 17 7 0 7 0 74 8 18
2019 Student 68 20 10 0 0 2 0 90 0 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 26 29 21 12 10 0 2 56 22 521
2018 Casual 38 47 0 0 8 0 8 92 8 12
2018 Student 32 21 16 16 11 5 0 56 28 19

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 20 23 17 18 1 1 41 36 560
2022 Term 22 13 44 7 9 5 0 37 17 15
2022 Student 79 21 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 26 25 20 16 12 1 1 52 28 533
2020 Term 44 25 24 8 0 0 0 69 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 27 20 15 8 0 1 57 23 612
2019 Casual 60 10 19 8 0 0 4 73 8 17
2019 Student 56 20 10 2 7 5 0 79 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 22 23 16 13 0 2 46 30 522
2018 Casual 48 11 18 0 8 0 15 69 9 12
2018 Student 32 5 21 21 16 5 0 39 39 19

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 20 11 8 7 0 4 73 15 560
2022 Term 53 24 6 0 6 0 11 86 7 15
2022 Student 78 16 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 22 13 8 7 1 5 71 15 534
2020 Term 53 24 15 0 0 0 8 84 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 57 23 9 5 3 0 4 83 8 613
2019 Casual 75 5 4 0 0 0 16 95 0 18
2019 Student 80 13 3 0 0 3 3 97 0 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 19 13 5 4 0 8 76 10 521
2018 Casual 64 17 0 0 0 0 20 100 0 11
2018 Student 53 21 5 5 11 5 0 78 17 19

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 27 19 11 11 0 0 59 22 560
2022 Term 40 28 26 0 5 0 0 68 5 15
2022 Student 57 29 8 6 0 0 0 86 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 34 25 18 13 10 0 0 59 23 537
2020 Term 38 23 7 23 9 0 0 61 32 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 42 24 17 10 6 0 1 67 15 616
2019 Casual 73 5 10 12 0 0 0 78 12 18
2019 Student 49 24 7 7 7 5 0 77 15 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 28 16 9 9 0 1 65 19 521
2018 Casual 56 26 10 0 0 0 8 89 0 12
2018 Student 53 5 21 11 11 0 0 58 21 19

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 31 17 7 8 1 1 67 16 555
2022 Term 47 6 36 11 0 0 0 54 11 15
2022 Student 73 14 12 0 0 0 0 88 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 31 20 10 5 1 1 64 16 537
2020 Term 36 49 8 8 0 0 0 85 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 28 37 22 7 4 0 1 67 11 617
2019 Casual 62 11 20 0 0 0 7 79 0 18
2019 Student 44 32 10 10 0 2 2 79 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 32 25 12 5 1 2 57 17 520
2018 Casual 49 29 8 0 0 0 15 91 0 12
2018 Student 33 22 22 22 0 0 0 56 22 18

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 32 18 11 9 0 2 61 20 560
2022 Term 30 30 32 3 0 0 5 63 3 15
2022 Student 79 14 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 30 20 15 8 0 1 56 24 538
2020 Term 69 0 8 23 0 0 0 69 23 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 34 23 8 5 0 1 64 13 614
2019 Casual 44 24 25 0 0 0 7 73 0 18
2019 Student 41 34 15 5 0 2 2 79 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 33 24 13 6 1 2 55 20 520
2018 Casual 53 31 0 8 0 0 8 91 9 11
2018 Student 56 6 22 11 6 0 0 61 17 18

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 28 18 9 8 0 1 65 17 560
2022 Term 37 26 20 12 0 0 5 67 12 15
2022 Student 26 41 27 6 0 0 0 67 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 29 18 15 6 0 1 61 21 535
2020 Term 36 31 18 15 0 0 0 67 15 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 31 21 11 5 1 0 61 17 616
2019 Casual 49 12 30 9 0 0 0 61 9 18
2019 Student 23 38 13 15 8 3 3 63 24 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 27 30 22 13 6 0 1 58 19 522
2018 Casual 49 25 8 10 0 0 8 81 11 12
2018 Student 29 18 18 29 6 0 0 47 35 17

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 25 13 6 7 0 1 74 13 560
2022 Term 36 17 27 8 0 0 12 60 9 15
2022 Student 73 0 21 6 0 0 0 73 6 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 28 13 7 5 0 1 75 12 533
2020 Term 52 24 0 24 0 0 0 76 24 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 44 27 15 8 4 1 0 72 12 617
2019 Casual 79 10 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 17
2019 Student 61 20 7 2 5 2 2 85 8 41

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 58 23 11 4 2 1 1 82 7 560
2022 Term 51 21 26 3 0 0 0 71 3 15
2022 Student 46 33 8 12 0 0 0 79 12 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 26 23 12 6 1 0 59 18 534
2020 Term 29 23 40 0 8 0 0 52 8 13

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 39 27 16 10 6 0 1 67 16 560
2022 Term 45 17 20 10 8 0 0 63 17 15
2022 Student 36 33 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 29 19 12 5 0 1 63 17 533
2020 Term 37 40 8 8 8 0 0 77 15 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 33 16 7 5 1 0 71 12 612
2019 Casual 48 10 42 0 0 0 0 58 0 18
2019 Student 43 40 10 3 0 3 3 87 3 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 29 19 12 6 0 1 62 19 521
2018 Casual 54 31 8 8 0 0 0 84 8 12
2018 Student 44 17 17 17 6 0 0 61 22 18

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 53 21 12 4 7 1 2 75 12 560
2022 Term 63 13 21 0 0 3 0 79 0 15
2022 Student 62 0 17 0 14 0 7 66 15 10
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 26 14 8 4 0 2 73 12 532
2020 Term 54 31 7 8 0 0 0 85 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 57 22 11 4 5 0 1 79 9 617
2019 Casual 79 0 10 4 0 7 0 85 4 18
2019 Student 73 12 5 2 2 2 2 90 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 54 21 12 6 5 0 2 77 11 518
2018 Casual 59 17 8 0 0 0 16 90 0 11
2018 Student 76 6 18 0 0 0 0 82 0 17

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 52 26 14 3 4 0 1 79 7 560
2022 Term 42 24 34 0 0 0 0 66 0 15
2022 Student 50 28 22 0 0 0 0 78 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 24 32 24 10 9 0 1 56 19 535
2020 Term 46 39 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 13

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 68 11 6 2 4 1 9 87 6 560
2022 Term 74 0 12 0 0 0 14 86 0 15
2022 Student 84 8 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 64 16 8 3 1 1 6 87 5 532
2020 Term 75 17 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 73 12 4 1 2 1 7 92 4 617
2019 Casual 85 0 0 0 0 7 8 100 0 18
2019 Student 85 5 2 2 0 2 2 95 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 13 4 2 2 1 7 91 5 517
2018 Casual 76 0 0 0 8 0 16 90 10 11
2018 Student 83 6 6 0 6 0 0 89 6 18

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 76 5 5 2 4 1 7 88 7 560
2022 Term 78 0 11 0 0 0 11 88 0 15
2022 Student 86 14 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 77 9 4 3 2 1 4 91 5 534
2020 Term 75 8 17 0 0 0 0 83 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 74 10 5 4 3 1 3 88 7 617
2019 Casual 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 18
2019 Student 80 7 0 2 2 2 5 95 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 66 14 8 3 4 1 5 84 7 521
2018 Casual 85 0 0 0 0 0 15 100 0 12
2018 Student 89 0 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 18

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 15 6 2 2 0 4 89 5 560
2022 Term 63 20 11 0 0 0 5 88 0 15
2022 Student 94 6 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 67 19 8 3 1 0 2 87 4 533
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 61 23 9 3 3 0 2 85 6 613
2019 Casual 88 5 0 7 0 0 0 93 7 18
2019 Student 71 12 5 0 5 2 5 89 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 26 10 3 3 0 2 83 7 521
2018 Casual 84 0 0 8 0 0 8 92 8 12
2018 Student 83 11 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 18

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 11 6 4 6 0 3 85 10 560
2022 Term 70 6 15 5 0 0 5 79 5 15
2022 Student 88 6 6 0 0 0 0 94 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 68 16 6 5 4 0 2 85 9 531
2020 Term 59 16 25 0 0 0 0 75 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 62 19 8 5 3 0 2 83 8 614
2019 Casual 91 9 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 18
2019 Student 78 5 2 5 2 2 5 89 8 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 55 19 12 7 6 0 2 75 13 521
2018 Casual 84 0 0 0 8 0 8 92 8 12
2018 Student 94 0 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 18

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 62 9 5 1 1 0 21 90 3 560
2022 Term 73 6 6 0 0 0 15 93 0 15
2022 Student 79 0 0 0 0 0 21 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 60 11 6 2 0 0 20 90 3 537
2020 Term 45 0 17 0 0 0 38 73 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 12 5 2 1 0 24 90 4 608
2019 Casual 76 0 0 0 0 0 24 100 0 18
2019 Student 73 0 0 0 0 2 24 100 0 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 51 12 7 3 2 0 26 85 6 521
2018 Casual 56 0 0 0 8 0 36 88 12 12
2018 Student 89 0 6 0 0 0 6 94 0 18

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 73 13 5 1 2 0 7 92 3 560
2022 Term 69 6 14 0 6 0 5 79 7 15
2022 Student 94 0 0 0 0 0 6 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 74 16 4 1 1 0 4 94 2 537
2020 Term 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 70 16 6 2 0 0 5 91 3 613
2019 Casual 95 0 5 0 0 0 0 95 0 18
2019 Student 88 5 0 0 0 2 5 100 0 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 64 19 6 2 1 0 8 90 3 522
2018 Casual 66 15 0 0 0 0 18 100 0 12
2018 Student 83 11 0 6 0 0 0 94 6 18

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 78 11 2 2 1 1 5 95 3 560
2022 Term 40 24 13 13 5 0 5 68 19 15
2022 Student 64 8 6 14 7 0 0 72 22 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 73 14 6 2 1 1 2 90 4 533
2020 Term 46 23 17 15 0 0 0 69 15 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 82 8 3 1 1 0 4 94 2 616
2019 Casual 66 10 4 10 6 0 4 79 17 18
2019 Student 60 20 5 3 8 5 0 84 11 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 76 12 4 1 2 1 5 93 2 521
2018 Casual 42 8 0 18 16 0 18 59 41 12
2018 Student 67 11 11 6 0 0 6 82 6 18

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 49 24 14 7 3 0 2 75 11 560
2022 Term 71 19 9 0 0 0 0 91 0 15
2022 Student 40 37 23 0 0 0 0 77 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 45 28 16 5 5 1 1 74 10 537
2020 Term 55 22 16 8 0 0 0 77 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 26 16 4 2 0 1 77 6 616
2019 Casual 74 15 0 5 6 0 0 89 11 17
2019 Student 46 24 15 7 2 2 2 74 10 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 43 31 16 4 3 0 3 76 7 521
2018 Casual 56 29 0 8 0 0 8 92 8 12
2018 Student 61 17 17 0 0 0 6 82 0 18

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 32 36 15 7 1 0 42 23 560
2022 Term 14 36 44 5 0 0 0 51 5 15
2022 Student 15 54 31 0 0 0 0 69 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 30 35 15 5 0 0 44 20 536
2020 Term 46 31 24 0 0 0 0 76 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 18 35 33 11 2 0 0 54 13 618
2019 Casual 39 21 32 7 0 0 0 61 7 18
2019 Student 46 32 15 2 2 2 0 80 5 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 14 34 35 13 4 0 0 48 17 522
2018 Casual 41 31 19 0 0 0 8 79 0 11
2018 Student 37 37 16 5 5 0 0 74 11 19

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 19 37 24 11 0 0 35 27 560
2022 Term 5 3 46 46 0 0 0 46 8 15
2022 Student 0 0 49 22 29 0 0 51 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 11 19 34 24 11 0 0 36 30 535
2020 Term 8 0 31 14 47 0 0 61 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 17 41 21 15 0 0 36 23 617
2019 Casual 24 12 26 16 16 0 5 34 38 18
2019 Student 8 5 20 38 28 3 0 67 13 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 20 37 24 10 0 0 34 29 518
2018 Casual 0 10 0 26 42 0 22 87 13 12
2018 Student 11 0 37 42 11 0 0 53 11 19

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 41 13 7 6 3 0 74 13 560
2022 Term 25 14 30 19 6 5 0 41 27 15
2022 Student 36 21 6 8 10 19 0 69 23 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 38 7 3 1 0 0 88 4 536
2020 Term 38 54 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 40 44 9 4 1 1 0 85 6 618
2019 Casual 43 31 0 0 0 25 0 100 0 18
2019 Student 46 37 7 2 0 7 0 89 3 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 44 11 5 2 2 0 81 7 517
2018 Casual 42 51 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 12
2018 Student 37 26 16 5 5 11 0 71 12 19

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year Demographic Excellent
(%)		 Very good
(%)		 Good
(%)		 Fair
(%)		 Poor
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 29 38 19 5 560
2022 Term 28 19 43 9 0 15
2022 Student 0 31 35 34 0 15

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 59 25 7 3 3 2 1 86 6 560
2022 Term 75 14 11 0 0 0 0 89 0 15
2022 Student 48 14 19 0 0 19 0 77 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 54 29 9 5 2 1 1 84 7 536
2020 Term 54 38 0 0 0 0 8 100 0 13

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 48 28 8 7 6 2 1 79 14 560
2022 Term 80 12 0 5 3 0 0 92 8 15
2022 Student 34 22 17 19 8 0 0 56 27 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 30 7 10 7 1 0 77 16 537
2020 Term 54 30 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 13

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 57 28 5 4 3 1 1 87 7 560
2022 Term 73 19 0 5 3 0 0 92 8 15
2022 Student 59 41 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 26 7 6 4 1 0 82 10 536
2020 Term 69 15 16 0 0 0 0 84 0 13

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 41 10 9 7 1 0 74 16 560
2022 Term 36 25 33 6 0 0 0 61 6 15
2022 Student 42 50 0 0 0 8 0 100 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 38 35 14 9 3 0 0 73 13 537
2020 Term 62 31 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 42 14 7 3 1 0 75 10 615
2019 Casual 40 39 0 0 6 16 0 93 7 18
2019 Student 41 39 2 5 2 10 0 89 8 41
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 41 13 12 4 2 0 71 16 519
2018 Casual 42 41 0 10 0 0 8 89 11 12
2018 Student 42 32 11 5 5 5 0 78 11 19

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 54 12 14 4 1 0 70 18 175
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 22 49 14 9 3 0 3 73 12 165
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 49 13 9 1 2 3 75 11 179
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 23 77 560
2022 Term 17 83 15
2022 Student 8 92 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 21 79 536
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 20 80 616
2019 Casual 11 89 18
2019 Student 17 83 41

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 62 38 135
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 60 40 113

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 76 24 135
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 86 14 114
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 91 9 122

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 33 7 7 2 1 1 84 9 105
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 50 34 4 7 6 0 0 83 13 109

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 27 4 5 2 2 3 88 7 560
2022 Term 66 19 14 0 0 0 0 86 0 15
2022 Student 57 27 8 0 0 8 0 91 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 56 29 6 5 2 1 1 87 7 537
2020 Term 67 25 0 8 0 0 0 92 8 13
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Compensation

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Not sure
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 53 13 2 560
2022 Term 20 47 26 7 15
2022 Student 24 47 29 0 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 50 16 1 538
2020 Term 29 55 16 0 13

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 29 71 180
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 65 184

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 19 20 17 29 2 5 30 49 180
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 22 15 21 19 1 7 40 43 183

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 4 14 10 22 43 4 4 19 70 180
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 8 19 12 23 34 0 4 28 59 182

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 35 16 14 7 9 2 16 63 20 560
2022 Term 43 26 6 5 0 3 16 86 6 15
2022 Student 41 21 0 0 7 0 31 90 10 15
2020 Indeterminate (permanent) 33 19 18 12 7 2 8 59 22 536
2020 Term 62 0 16 0 0 0 23 80 0 13
2019 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 17 17 13 15 1 6 52 30 603
2019 Casual 11 23 7 21 7 14 16 50 40 18
2019 Student 53 5 3 8 0 5 28 85 11 40
2018 Indeterminate (permanent) 31 16 15 13 17 1 7 51 33 522
2018 Casual 38 10 0 8 0 0 44 86 14 12
2018 Student 16 37 21 5 5 0 16 63 13 19
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Hybrid Work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?

Survey year Demographic 20% (1 out of 5 days)
(%)		 40% (2 out of 5 days)
(%)		 60% (3 out of 5 days)
(%)		 80% (4 out of 5 days)
(%)		 Other Please specify
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 90 7 1 1 1 495

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 96 4 515

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 25 75 515

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 46 54 515

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 36 64 515

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 515

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 30 70 515

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 515

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 13 87 515

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 9 91 515

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 16 84 515

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 12 88 515

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 1 99 515

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 32 68 515

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 72 13 4 2 2 0 7 92 4 515

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 10 12 12 52 5 4 70 16 515

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2022 Indeterminate (permanent) 5 15 15 17 42 5 2 63 21 515
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