2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	32	2	8	1	89	8	110
2022	First Nations	58	31	0	9	2	88	12	35
2022	Métis	57	34	3	6	0	91	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	38	3	6	2	89	8	4920
2020	Indigenous	39	43	2	15	2	81	17	122
2020	Métis	35	40	1	21	3	75	24	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	44	4	11	3	82	14	5407

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	81	12	2	3	1	0	93	5	110
2022	First Nations	76	16	0	5	2	0	93	7	35
2022	Métis	83	10	4	2	1	0	93	3	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	79	16	2	2	1	0	96	2	4915
2020	Indigenous	79	12	4	2	3	1	92	5	121
2020	Métis	76	12	3	3	4	1	89	8	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	78	15	2	2	1	1	94	3	5386

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	27	2	4	2	1	2	92	6	110
2022	First Nations	53	36	0	5	5	0	0	90	10	35
2022	Métis	65	25	2	4	0	1	3	93	4	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	30	6	5	3	1	1	85	9	4910
2020	Indigenous	45	35	5	11	4	0	0	79	15	121
2020	Métis	43	31	4	15	7	0	0	75	22	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	36	10	10	3	0	1	76	14	5395
2019	Indigenous	44	34	7	11	4	1	0	78	15	151
2019	Métis	42	32	8	12	5	1	0	75	18	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	33	7	9	4	0	0	80	13	5184

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	34	6	11	4	0	1	78	16	110
2022	First Nations	36	38	5	14	7	0	0	74	21	35
2022	Métis	48	30	6	11	3	0	1	79	15	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	39	10	11	4	0	0	75	15	4915
2020	Indigenous	40	40	10	6	2	0	2	81	8	122
2020	Métis	30	48	8	9	3	0	3	80	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	40	10	10	3	0	0	76	13	5370
2019	Indigenous	31	39	10	14	5	1	1	70	19	153
2019	Métis	25	40	11	14	6	1	1	67	21	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	40	11	12	5	0	0	72	17	5166
2018	Indigenous	36	42	10	8	4	0	0	78	13	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	45	9	13	4	0	0	74	17	4079

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	26	7	4	4	0	2	85	7	110
2022	First Nations	51	32	9	3	5	0	0	83	8	35
2022	Métis	60	24	7	4	3	0	3	86	7	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	32	7	5	2	0	1	85	7	4910
2020	Indigenous	52	31	9	6	2	0	0	83	8	121
2020	Métis	46	33	8	8	4	0	0	79	12	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	35	9	7	2	0	1	82	9	5351
2019	Indigenous	47	34	10	6	2	1	0	81	9	153
2019	Métis	44	34	10	8	3	1	0	79	11	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	34	9	6	2	0	0	82	9	5142

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	21	5	6	11	0	1	77	17	110
2022	First Nations	49	33	0	8	10	0	0	82	18	35
2022	Métis	57	17	8	5	11	0	1	75	16	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	29	10	7	5	0	0	78	12	4915
2020	Indigenous	47	31	13	5	4	0	0	78	9	121
2020	Métis	48	30	9	7	7	0	0	78	14	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	31	11	9	5	0	0	75	14	5383
2019	Indigenous	52	25	13	6	2	1	0	79	8	153
2019	Métis	53	21	13	8	2	2	0	76	10	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	30	10	8	5	0	0	76	14	5186
2018	Indigenous	45	27	11	8	9	0	0	72	17	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	32	11	8	5	0	0	76	13	4069

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	35	5	5	3	0	1	87	8	110
2022	First Nations	46	42	5	5	2	0	0	88	7	35
2022	Métis	56	30	5	5	3	0	1	87	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	6	3	0	0	81	9	4920
2020	Indigenous	41	38	11	4	5	0	0	80	9	122
2020	Métis	42	33	12	5	7	0	0	76	12	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	37	11	7	3	0	0	79	10	5406
2019	Indigenous	44	35	8	10	3	1	0	79	13	154
2019	Métis	43	35	5	12	5	1	0	79	16	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	38	10	6	4	0	0	79	11	5190
2018	Indigenous	34	39	9	13	5	0	0	73	18	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	41	11	6	5	0	0	78	11	4054

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	21	13	6	6	2	74	13	110
2022	First Nations	32	36	14	11	2	5	72	14	35
2022	Métis	60	16	12	5	7	0	76	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	33	14	7	6	0	73	14	4920
2020	Indigenous	33	32	19	8	8	0	65	16	122
2020	Métis	31	27	20	11	10	0	59	21	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	36	12	10	6	0	72	15	5407
2019	Indigenous	32	35	15	15	3	1	67	18	153
2019	Métis	27	32	17	19	5	1	59	23	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	36	14	10	6	0	69	17	5176
2018	Indigenous	32	33	12	17	6	0	65	23	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	35	16	12	8	0	64	20	4058

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	36	8	3	5	0	0	83	8	110
2022	First Nations	35	54	3	2	5	0	0	90	7	35
2022	Métis	51	28	11	4	6	0	0	79	10	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	39	7	7	3	0	0	83	10	4915
2020	Indigenous	38	41	9	10	3	0	0	78	13	120
2020	Métis	39	35	10	11	6	0	0	74	17	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	40	9	8	3	0	0	80	10	5382
2019	Indigenous	36	43	7	8	5	1	0	80	13	153
2019	Métis	32	48	6	8	6	1	0	81	13	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	40	9	7	3	0	0	80	10	5152
2018	Indigenous	36	41	7	11	5	0	1	78	15	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	40	12	8	4	0	0	76	13	4065

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	32	2	2	2	0	94	3	110
2022	First Nations	54	44	2	0	0	0	98	0	35
2022	Métis	66	26	3	2	3	0	92	5	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	33	5	3	2	0	90	5	4910
2020	Indigenous	49	35	10	4	2	0	84	6	121
2020	Métis	48	34	8	6	4	0	82	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	35	7	3	2	0	88	5	5375
2019	Indigenous	49	38	3	9	1	0	87	11	152
2019	Métis	45	45	0	8	2	0	90	10	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	36	7	4	2	0	87	6	5154
2018	Indigenous	53	35	7	3	1	2	89	4	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	37	7	4	2	0	87	6	4067

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	29	11	7	6	76	13	110
2022	First Nations	34	38	15	8	5	73	12	35
2022	Métis	53	24	10	8	6	76	14	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	35	12	7	5	76	12	4920
2020	Indigenous	35	37	10	11	7	72	18	119
2020	Métis	36	31	10	13	10	68	23	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	35	13	8	5	74	13	5390
2019	Indigenous	40	25	15	14	6	65	20	153
2019	Métis	38	20	16	18	8	59	25	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	34	14	9	6	71	15	5166
2018	Indigenous	34	36	12	11	7	70	18	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	36	13	10	7	69	17	4054

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	21	8	4	3	85	6	110
2022	First Nations	50	26	14	7	2	76	10	35
2022	Métis	72	18	6	2	2	90	4	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	30	8	3	2	88	5	4920
2020	Indigenous	54	30	10	3	3	84	6	120
2020	Métis	53	26	14	3	4	79	7	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	56	30	9	3	2	86	5	5358
2019	Indigenous	54	33	8	3	1	87	5	152
2019	Métis	53	34	8	3	2	86	5	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	57	30	9	3	2	86	5	5139
2018	Indigenous	58	23	14	2	2	82	4	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	34	8	4	2	86	6	4039

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	40	13	5	6	0	0	76	11	110
2022	First Nations	32	41	19	2	5	0	0	73	8	35
2022	Métis	40	38	10	7	5	0	0	78	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	36	12	9	6	0	1	73	16	4915
2020	Indigenous	32	33	16	11	3	3	2	69	15	120
2020	Métis	36	29	14	11	4	4	1	69	16	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	37	14	9	5	0	0	73	13	5375
2019	Indigenous	29	39	15	13	4	0	1	68	17	153
2019	Métis	25	38	18	14	5	0	0	63	19	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	36	14	9	6	0	0	71	15	5156
2018	Indigenous	34	30	17	10	9	0	0	64	19	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	36	14	11	7	0	0	68	18	4046

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	32	10	5	4	2	0	80	9	110
2022	First Nations	29	42	14	5	5	5	0	74	11	35
2022	Métis	54	29	8	6	2	0	0	84	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	33	13	6	4	0	0	76	11	4915
2020	Indigenous	33	36	14	11	5	0	1	69	16	121
2020	Métis	34	34	14	10	8	0	0	67	18	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	33	14	7	4	0	0	74	12	5387
2019	Indigenous	37	30	14	12	5	1	1	69	17	151
2019	Métis	31	31	14	15	7	1	0	63	23	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	33	15	8	5	0	0	72	13	5175
2018	Indigenous	33	30	17	14	7	0	0	62	21	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	33	16	9	6	0	0	70	15	4045

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	35	8	3	4	0	1	85	7	110
2022	First Nations	30	51	9	2	5	0	2	83	8	35
2022	Métis	56	30	7	4	2	0	0	86	7	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	35	11	7	4	0	0	79	10	4920
2020	Indigenous	37	41	12	3	7	0	1	79	9	121
2020	Métis	37	35	12	4	10	0	1	73	14	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	39	12	7	3	0	0	78	10	5372
2019	Indigenous	37	40	11	10	2	1	0	77	12	149
2019	Métis	31	42	11	11	3	1	0	74	15	88
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	39	12	7	4	0	0	77	11	5134
2018	Indigenous	34	34	13	12	7	0	0	68	19	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	36	15	9	5	0	0	71	14	4038

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	31	3	6	3	0	87	9	110
2022	First Nations	35	54	2	6	2	0	89	9	35
2022	Métis	66	21	4	6	3	0	87	9	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	34	9	4	2	0	84	7	4925
2020	Indigenous	51	28	10	9	2	0	80	10	122
2020	Métis	51	26	13	9	1	0	77	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	35	9	5	2	0	84	7	5400
2019	Indigenous	48	34	9	5	3	1	82	8	154
2019	Métis	44	35	9	6	4	1	80	11	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	34	10	5	3	0	83	7	5195
2018	Indigenous	42	35	10	8	4	0	77	12	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	37	11	5	3	0	81	8	4065

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	34	12	8	4	0	1	76	12	110
2022	First Nations	44	42	5	7	2	0	0	86	9	35
2022	Métis	38	34	15	8	5	0	0	72	13	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	30	14	7	5	0	1	75	11	4925
2020	Indigenous	42	36	15	6	1	0	0	78	7	122
2020	Métis	37	37	20	7	0	0	0	74	7	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	31	17	8	5	0	1	70	13	5385
2019	Indigenous	42	37	13	6	1	1	0	80	7	153
2019	Métis	41	42	10	4	0	2	0	85	5	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	30	16	6	3	0	0	74	10	5152
2018	Indigenous	50	24	13	5	6	0	1	75	12	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	31	15	7	4	0	1	74	11	4084

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	19	31	18	16	1	0	35	35	110
2022	First Nations	13	25	27	15	21	0	0	36	37	35
2022	Métis	17	16	32	20	13	1	0	34	34	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	24	33	17	10	1	4	28	37	4910
2020	Indigenous	13	23	32	18	11	0	3	29	37	122
2020	Métis	9	28	30	19	11	0	3	30	39	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	24	33	20	10	1	1	30	36	5394
2019	Indigenous	11	16	33	24	13	2	1	38	28	154
2019	Métis	12	13	29	28	13	3	1	43	26	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	24	33	19	11	1	2	31	35	5178
2018	Indigenous	10	18	35	14	17	3	2	33	30	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	26	34	18	9	1	2	28	38	4063

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	12	30	21	17	3	6	41	25	110
2022	First Nations	21	8	27	22	16	4	2	40	31	35
2022	Métis	7	14	32	20	17	2	8	41	24	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	18	27	20	13	3	8	37	32	4895
2020	Indigenous	8	17	28	22	18	4	2	43	27	122
2020	Métis	7	17	26	24	17	6	3	45	26	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	18	31	23	14	3	3	39	28	5378
2019	Indigenous	10	18	22	22	19	3	5	45	31	154
2019	Métis	14	16	24	21	19	2	5	42	32	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	19	30	20	14	3	4	37	31	5158
2018	Indigenous	13	21	19	25	13	6	4	42	37	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	20	31	20	12	3	4	34	33	4047

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	14	26	21	23	0	3	46	27	110
2022	First Nations	13	13	21	31	22	0	0	53	26	35
2022	Métis	13	14	27	18	23	0	5	42	29	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	14	27	23	19	1	6	45	26	4900
2020	Indigenous	9	15	25	29	19	1	2	50	24	121
2020	Métis	8	16	24	29	19	1	3	50	25	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	15	28	26	18	1	3	46	25	5365
2019	Indigenous	5	14	33	23	22	1	1	46	19	154
2019	Métis	4	14	32	22	24	2	1	48	19	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	15	29	25	19	1	3	46	23	5145
2018	Indigenous	11	12	25	25	22	3	3	49	24	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	15	32	25	15	2	3	42	25	4045

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	11	21	21	24	1	6	48	29	110
2022	First Nations	17	17	21	19	19	0	6	41	36	35
2022	Métis	15	10	22	21	24	1	6	49	27	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	16	24	21	20	2	7	45	29	4900
2020	Indigenous	13	14	26	25	19	1	4	45	28	121
2020	Métis	12	17	26	23	18	1	3	43	31	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	18	26	22	18	1	3	42	30	5379
2019	Indigenous	12	21	15	23	25	2	2	50	34	153
2019	Métis	10	19	15	26	24	2	3	53	31	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	18	25	21	19	2	4	42	31	5155
2018	Indigenous	16	17	18	25	19	2	3	46	35	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	20	27	21	14	2	3	36	35	4050

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	16	27	11	22	5	7	37	32	110
2022	First Nations	8	17	31	6	31	5	2	40	26	35
2022	Métis	13	16	26	13	20	3	9	38	32	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	17	23	19	17	6	7	42	32	4905
2020	Indigenous	7	15	23	28	25	0	2	54	23	122
2020	Métis	5	13	23	32	24	0	1	57	19	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	13	25	27	19	5	3	50	23	5368
2019	Indigenous	14	16	19	24	21	2	4	48	32	153
2019	Métis	13	13	21	24	21	2	5	49	29	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	18	26	21	16	4	3	40	32	5154
2018	Indigenous	14	19	25	18	16	6	2	37	36	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	20	27	21	13	4	3	36	35	4037

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	14	29	13	20	3	3	36	33	105
2022	First Nations	18	16	24	11	28	4	0	40	34	35
2022	Métis	18	14	32	15	16	2	4	33	33	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	17	29	18	16	4	6	39	30	4900
2020	Indigenous	9	26	27	16	18	4	1	36	36	122
2020	Métis	8	34	22	15	16	6	0	33	44	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	17	30	23	15	3	3	41	27	5369
2019	Indigenous	15	14	27	23	18	3	1	42	30	154
2019	Métis	16	14	27	23	15	2	2	40	32	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	17	32	21	16	3	3	39	27	5149
2018	Indigenous	11	22	26	17	16	5	4	35	36	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	19	33	19	13	3	3	34	31	4063

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	13	27	34	20	1	1	55	17	110
2022	First Nations	11	10	24	27	28	0	0	55	21	35
2022	Métis	1	15	28	39	15	1	0	55	16	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	13	32	25	19	1	5	47	19	4910
2020	Indigenous	8	26	35	17	14	0	0	31	34	122
2020	Métis	8	29	34	19	11	0	0	30	37	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	21	36	21	12	1	1	34	30	5391
2019	Indigenous	10	20	31	19	18	1	1	38	30	153
2019	Métis	12	20	30	20	16	1	1	37	33	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	16	33	24	15	1	2	40	26	5167

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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	30	8	5	6	10	3	77	13	110
2022	First Nations	35	24	6	7	11	15	3	71	22	35
2022	Métis	40	32	8	5	2	9	4	82	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	29	15	5	4	9	7	72	10	4910
2020	Indigenous	27	34	12	8	7	7	6	70	17	122
2020	Métis	25	30	13	8	8	11	4	65	20	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	28	18	6	4	7	5	68	12	5392
2019	Indigenous	29	34	13	9	7	6	3	69	17	152
2019	Métis	25	35	11	10	8	9	2	68	20	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	29	15	8	5	6	3	69	15	5175
2018	Indigenous	30	22	18	10	10	8	4	58	22	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	33	18	8	6	6	3	64	16	4057

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	23	2	6	4	1	0	88	10	110
2022	First Nations	64	19	3	9	5	0	0	83	14	35
2022	Métis	66	24	1	5	3	1	0	92	7	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	25	7	5	3	2	0	85	8	4910
2020	Indigenous	52	20	12	7	8	2	0	72	15	122
2020	Métis	48	21	9	10	11	1	0	70	21	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	27	8	6	3	1	0	82	10	5381
2019	Indigenous	52	23	11	10	3	1	1	76	13	152
2019	Métis	54	20	10	11	4	1	0	74	16	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	27	8	7	5	1	0	80	12	5180
2018	Indigenous	48	19	9	14	9	1	0	68	23	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	30	9	7	6	1	0	78	13	4052

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	21	3	5	3	0	89	8	110
2022	First Nations	66	20	0	11	3	0	86	14	35
2022	Métis	70	21	4	2	1	0	92	4	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	64	27	4	3	2	0	91	5	4910
2020	Indigenous	56	26	7	5	3	2	84	8	122
2020	Métis	51	30	7	5	6	1	82	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	28	6	3	2	0	89	5	5364
2019	Indigenous	52	35	5	5	2	1	87	8	154
2019	Métis	54	31	7	3	3	1	86	7	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	31	6	5	3	0	87	8	5172
2018	Indigenous	59	23	6	7	6	0	82	12	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	34	6	5	2	0	87	7	4048

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	29	5	2	3	3	2	89	6	110
2022	First Nations	46	31	12	0	3	7	0	84	3	35
2022	Métis	63	27	1	3	3	1	1	93	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	30	9	3	2	2	1	86	4	4915
2020	Indigenous	46	29	14	7	2	2	1	76	10	121
2020	Métis	41	32	11	10	4	1	0	74	14	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	32	11	3	2	2	1	84	5	5351
2019	Indigenous	44	36	11	4	3	1	1	81	7	154
2019	Métis	40	40	11	4	3	1	0	81	8	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	33	11	4	2	1	0	83	6	5190
2018	Indigenous	40	32	13	7	3	2	2	75	11	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	43	36	11	5	3	2	0	81	7	4052

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	19	6	6	7	6	2	79	14	110
2022	First Nations	51	22	8	8	9	2	0	75	17	35
2022	Métis	56	17	7	5	6	7	1	80	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	26	10	6	4	8	5	77	12	4915

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	21	11	5	5	6	2	76	12	110
2022	First Nations	45	27	18	8	0	2	0	74	8	35
2022	Métis	52	17	10	5	6	9	1	77	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	26	11	6	5	8	5	75	12	4920

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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	20	15	2	2	1	12	80	4	110
2022	First Nations	55	22	9	2	3	0	9	85	5	35
2022	Métis	52	16	18	1	0	1	12	78	2	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	24	13	4	3	2	7	78	8	4920
2020	Indigenous	48	18	14	11	2	2	5	71	14	122
2020	Métis	48	16	14	13	3	3	4	68	17	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	25	14	4	3	1	5	77	7	5392
2019	Indigenous	40	26	15	3	4	3	8	74	8	154
2019	Métis	36	31	13	4	5	3	7	75	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	24	15	4	3	1	5	76	8	5188

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	27	14	6	2	0	2	78	7	110
2022	First Nations	54	29	9	8	0	0	0	84	8	35
2022	Métis	51	25	17	5	1	0	1	76	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	30	9	6	4	0	1	80	11	4920
2020	Indigenous	49	24	11	9	5	0	1	74	14	121
2020	Métis	45	23	13	13	6	0	1	69	18	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	30	10	7	4	0	1	79	11	5397
2019	Indigenous	44	31	12	9	3	1	0	76	12	153
2019	Métis	35	35	14	10	3	2	0	71	14	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	30	12	7	4	0	0	77	11	5187
2018	Indigenous	41	31	12	14	2	0	0	72	16	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	34	12	7	5	1	0	76	12	4036

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	18	8	2	5	2	3	85	7	110
2022	First Nations	67	10	9	0	5	5	4	85	5	35
2022	Métis	64	19	8	3	4	0	2	85	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	23	10	4	3	2	1	82	7	4915
2020	Indigenous	54	19	13	6	5	1	2	76	11	121
2020	Métis	53	21	10	7	6	1	2	76	13	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	24	12	5	4	2	1	78	9	5388

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	34	3	2	2	1	3	92	5	110
2022	First Nations	49	42	2	3	0	0	4	95	3	35
2022	Métis	57	31	4	1	4	1	2	91	5	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	53	29	8	5	3	1	1	84	8	4915
2020	Indigenous	50	23	11	9	4	0	3	75	14	122
2020	Métis	49	26	7	12	4	0	1	76	17	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	28	9	5	4	1	1	81	9	5403
2019	Indigenous	44	34	11	5	4	2	0	80	9	153
2019	Métis	36	38	14	6	3	2	0	76	9	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	29	10	6	3	1	1	81	9	5170
2018	Indigenous	48	22	12	11	3	3	0	73	15	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	30	10	7	4	1	0	79	11	4026

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	14	7	1	1	4	1	90	2	110
2022	First Nations	65	17	10	2	0	5	0	87	2	35
2022	Métis	72	14	6	0	1	4	2	92	1	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	20	7	2	3	3	3	87	5	4920

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	21	7	1	1	1	2	90	2	110
2022	First Nations	56	31	5	0	0	4	4	95	0	35
2022	Métis	73	15	9	2	0	0	1	89	2	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	24	8	4	3	0	0	84	8	4915
2020	Indigenous	64	15	9	9	3	0	0	79	12	121
2020	Métis	59	15	10	12	4	0	0	74	16	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	25	9	5	3	0	0	83	8	5408
2019	Indigenous	53	25	11	5	4	1	0	79	10	154
2019	Métis	46	30	12	6	3	2	0	78	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	26	9	5	3	0	0	82	9	5196
2018	Indigenous	59	17	9	12	3	0	0	76	15	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	28	11	6	5	1	0	78	11	4029

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	87	4	3	1	3	0	2	93	4	110
2022	First Nations	83	5	7	0	5	0	0	87	5	35
2022	Métis	89	4	1	1	1	0	4	97	2	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	83	9	2	2	2	0	2	94	3	4920
2019	Indigenous	78	13	3	1	1	1	3	94	3	154
2019	Métis	76	13	4	1	1	1	3	93	2	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	10	3	2	2	0	1	93	3	5167

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Senior Management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	20	8	6	7	7	2	76	15	110
2022	First Nations	43	23	10	7	11	7	0	70	19	35
2022	Métis	53	21	6	6	6	7	2	81	13	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	28	12	6	4	10	0	75	11	4920
2020	Indigenous	39	22	19	6	6	7	1	67	13	122
2020	Métis	35	24	18	7	8	8	0	64	16	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	29	12	6	4	8	0	76	10	5407
2019	Indigenous	31	25	18	10	8	8	1	62	19	154
2019	Métis	26	25	17	11	11	8	1	57	24	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	32	15	7	4	7	0	72	12	5191
2018	Indigenous	44	22	11	8	8	8	0	71	17	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	30	15	8	6	7	0	69	15	4052

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	35	8	5	9	1	0	78	14	110
2022	First Nations	32	41	5	4	18	0	0	73	22	35
2022	Métis	51	29	10	5	5	1	0	80	10	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	30	14	10	7	4	0	68	18	4915
2020	Indigenous	38	28	15	11	6	3	0	68	17	122
2020	Métis	35	29	15	11	8	1	0	66	19	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	32	14	7	5	3	0	72	13	5389
2019	Indigenous	31	26	16	12	9	4	1	60	23	154
2019	Métis	26	25	15	14	13	6	1	55	29	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	32	16	10	6	3	0	68	16	5180
2018	Indigenous	38	25	13	14	6	4	0	65	21	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	32	16	11	8	3	0	64	19	4041

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	26	16	12	8	4	0	63	21	110
2022	First Nations	23	30	15	17	13	3	0	54	30	35
2022	Métis	42	22	16	8	6	4	0	67	15	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	28	16	13	9	7	0	59	23	4915
2020	Indigenous	29	29	22	9	6	4	1	61	16	122
2020	Métis	28	28	22	10	8	4	0	59	18	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	32	18	10	5	5	0	65	16	5390
2019	Indigenous	19	28	22	17	8	5	1	51	26	153
2019	Métis	16	28	20	19	10	6	1	47	31	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	31	20	12	6	6	0	60	19	5175
2018	Indigenous	27	29	18	12	6	8	0	61	20	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	31	19	14	8	6	0	56	23	4041

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	39	13	8	11	2	0	68	19	110
2022	First Nations	16	48	11	8	17	0	0	64	25	35
2022	Métis	35	33	14	7	9	3	0	70	16	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	31	14	14	10	3	0	61	25	4915
2020	Indigenous	28	27	22	13	9	2	0	56	22	122
2020	Métis	26	26	22	12	10	3	0	54	24	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	35	15	13	7	2	0	64	20	5404
2019	Indigenous	15	38	17	17	8	3	1	55	26	154
2019	Métis	11	38	16	19	10	5	1	53	31	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	32	17	15	9	3	0	58	25	5186
2018	Indigenous	29	33	10	15	9	4	0	64	26	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	32	17	16	10	3	0	55	27	4047

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	27	18	3	4	16	1	69	9	110
2022	First Nations	18	42	18	6	4	13	0	68	12	35
2022	Métis	37	22	18	1	5	16	2	71	7	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	24	13	4	2	10	2	77	8	4920
2020	Indigenous	43	24	15	4	2	11	0	76	7	122
2020	Métis	40	28	14	4	4	8	0	75	9	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	24	14	5	3	8	2	77	8	5403
2019	Indigenous	42	22	14	4	3	15	1	76	8	153
2019	Métis	35	22	16	4	5	17	1	68	12	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	22	13	5	3	9	1	76	9	5193

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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	34	11	8	5	1	76	13	110
2022	First Nations	35	32	9	15	10	0	67	25	35
2022	Métis	44	35	12	5	3	1	80	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	43	12	7	3	1	77	11	4915
2020	Indigenous	32	43	17	6	2	0	75	8	122
2020	Métis	31	42	18	6	3	0	74	8	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	43	13	6	2	1	78	8	5399
2019	Indigenous	33	39	13	9	4	3	74	13	153
2019	Métis	28	44	10	10	4	5	75	15	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	44	14	7	2	1	77	9	5184
2018	Indigenous	37	37	14	9	3	1	74	12	108
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	44	15	7	3	1	74	10	4055

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	31	14	11	13	3	61	25	110
2022	First Nations	20	20	14	13	25	7	43	42	35
2022	Métis	30	38	13	11	7	1	69	19	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	35	16	15	10	3	57	26	4915
2020	Indigenous	23	43	14	16	4	0	66	21	121
2020	Métis	21	47	10	16	6	0	68	22	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	39	17	12	4	2	65	17	5381
2019	Indigenous	19	33	17	18	10	3	54	29	154
2019	Métis	14	35	16	21	9	5	52	31	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	36	20	15	6	2	59	21	5163

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	33	9	8	5	2	1	78	13	110
2022	First Nations	40	31	13	8	6	2	0	73	14	35
2022	Métis	45	32	7	9	5	1	2	79	14	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	36	12	8	4	3	1	75	12	4910
2020	Indigenous	43	29	8	11	5	3	2	75	16	122
2020	Métis	40	30	8	15	3	4	0	73	19	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	36	11	7	3	3	1	77	11	5395
2019	Indigenous	44	31	12	7	3	3	0	77	11	154
2019	Métis	42	31	12	9	1	4	0	77	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	36	12	8	4	2	1	75	12	5183
2018	Indigenous	46	32	12	6	3	2	0	79	9	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	37	11	6	4	2	1	78	11	4064

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	34	8	5	5	1	82	10	110
2022	First Nations	37	35	14	5	9	0	72	15	35
2022	Métis	52	34	6	5	1	1	87	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	36	15	5	3	2	77	8	4905
2020	Indigenous	45	25	20	8	3	0	69	11	122
2020	Métis	41	25	22	8	4	0	66	12	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	36	14	5	2	1	79	7	5384
2019	Indigenous	40	27	17	8	5	2	69	14	153
2019	Métis	38	27	17	8	8	4	67	16	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	36	17	5	3	2	74	9	5168
2018	Indigenous	40	36	13	6	3	2	78	9	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	37	17	6	4	1	73	9	4051

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	24	18	11	11	4	2	57	24	110
2022	First Nations	22	26	24	10	12	5	0	51	23	35
2022	Métis	32	24	15	13	9	3	3	60	24	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	24	16	10	9	12	3	59	22	4920
2020	Indigenous	21	23	19	18	10	7	2	48	31	121
2020	Métis	17	20	20	25	10	7	1	40	38	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	23	18	11	9	11	2	56	23	5378
2019	Indigenous	22	17	20	14	15	10	3	44	33	153
2019	Métis	17	18	19	13	19	14	1	41	37	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	23	20	13	9	10	2	53	25	5174
2018	Indigenous	26	21	20	10	13	10	0	52	25	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	24	20	13	12	9	2	50	27	4053

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	27	11	8	8	4	0	71	17	110
2022	First Nations	23	33	18	9	11	5	0	59	22	35
2022	Métis	48	23	11	8	6	4	0	74	15	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	35	15	10	7	3	0	68	17	4920
2020	Indigenous	27	31	17	12	9	4	1	61	22	122
2020	Métis	27	30	16	14	10	3	1	59	24	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	34	17	12	6	2	0	64	18	5389
2019	Indigenous	28	31	17	14	8	1	0	60	23	152
2019	Métis	23	33	17	15	10	2	0	57	26	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	34	17	11	9	2	0	63	20	5177
2018	Indigenous	31	30	17	9	11	2	0	62	21	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	33	17	13	10	2	0	59	23	4056

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	24	11	3	6	3	5	78	10	110
2022	First Nations	44	31	7	0	7	4	6	84	8	35
2022	Métis	51	22	11	5	5	1	6	77	10	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	22	12	5	4	2	6	77	9	4920
2020	Indigenous	50	24	14	3	5	0	4	76	9	122
2020	Métis	54	19	12	6	7	0	4	75	13	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	23	14	6	4	1	4	75	11	5408
2019	Indigenous	53	24	14	4	2	1	2	79	6	154
2019	Métis	50	22	16	5	3	1	2	74	9	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	24	13	5	3	1	4	77	9	5184

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	17	14	8	2	2	5	74	11	110
2022	First Nations	59	7	20	6	0	5	3	72	6	35
2022	Métis	46	22	13	9	3	1	5	73	12	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	23	14	5	4	2	5	75	10	4915
2020	Indigenous	59	16	14	4	3	0	3	78	8	121
2020	Métis	57	15	15	4	5	0	4	74	10	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	24	14	6	4	2	3	76	10	5402
2019	Indigenous	53	19	12	5	5	3	3	77	10	153
2019	Métis	48	21	13	7	6	4	1	73	13	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	24	16	7	4	2	3	72	12	5166

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	79	10	3	1	4	1	3	92	5	110
2022	First Nations	72	12	5	0	8	0	3	86	8	35
2022	Métis	84	8	4	1	1	1	1	94	2	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	9	4	2	2	5	7	90	5	4915
2020	Indigenous	78	6	3	3	1	4	5	93	4	121
2020	Métis	78	6	4	3	1	1	6	91	4	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	10	5	2	2	4	4	89	5	5382
2019	Indigenous	81	6	6	1	1	2	3	92	2	154
2019	Métis	81	7	5	2	0	2	2	92	2	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	74	9	6	2	3	4	4	89	5	5163

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	9	2	2	3	0	8	93	6	110
2022	First Nations	72	8	5	3	3	0	9	88	7	35
2022	Métis	80	9	0	1	2	0	7	96	4	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	9	4	2	2	3	12	92	4	4915
2020	Indigenous	64	13	8	3	0	2	11	88	3	121
2020	Métis	63	11	12	3	0	0	11	83	3	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	70	12	5	2	1	2	7	90	4	5388
2019	Indigenous	79	7	3	1	2	2	6	94	3	153
2019	Métis	79	8	1	1	2	3	6	95	4	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	8	4	1	1	2	8	93	3	5164

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	33	6	6	8	2	3	79	15	110
2022	First Nations	28	43	0	12	10	0	7	77	23	35
2022	Métis	48	28	9	5	6	3	1	80	11	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	34	11	11	9	3	2	68	21	4915
2020	Indigenous	29	25	14	12	16	3	1	57	29	122
2020	Métis	33	23	12	13	16	1	1	58	30	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	31	15	13	10	3	2	61	24	5407
2019	Indigenous	28	26	17	10	16	2	1	56	27	153
2019	Métis	22	29	15	11	19	3	1	54	31	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	31	15	12	11	2	1	60	24	5194
2018	Indigenous	29	29	10	14	16	1	1	60	30	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	29	15	13	14	3	1	56	28	4057

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	33	14	5	5	5	2	74	10	110
2022	First Nations	24	34	18	7	6	7	4	65	15	35
2022	Métis	43	34	11	5	4	3	0	79	9	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	38	16	8	4	5	1	70	13	4915
2020	Indigenous	26	40	16	11	1	4	2	70	12	121
2020	Métis	29	36	16	11	1	6	1	69	14	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	42	17	7	3	4	1	71	11	5387
2019	Indigenous	20	37	25	10	3	5	1	60	13	153
2019	Métis	17	38	24	10	4	8	0	59	14	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	23	41	19	8	4	4	1	68	12	5180
2018	Indigenous	31	31	16	12	8	1	0	63	21	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	36	21	9	6	4	0	63	15	4066

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	31	12	4	4	0	1	80	8	110
2022	First Nations	35	30	14	9	7	0	4	68	18	35
2022	Métis	54	32	11	1	1	0	0	86	3	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	35	11	6	4	3	0	79	10	4915
2020	Indigenous	39	36	13	10	2	0	0	75	11	121
2020	Métis	40	36	11	11	3	0	0	76	14	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	37	12	5	3	2	0	80	8	5379
2019	Indigenous	43	34	10	6	4	2	0	79	11	153
2019	Métis	42	34	10	9	3	2	0	78	12	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	36	11	5	3	1	0	81	8	5157
2018	Indigenous	51	33	8	2	5	0	0	84	8	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	35	9	4	2	1	0	84	6	4059

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	30	5	6	5	0	0	84	11	110
2022	First Nations	47	30	6	8	9	0	0	77	17	35
2022	Métis	57	31	3	6	2	0	0	89	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	35	10	4	3	5	1	83	7	4915
2020	Indigenous	48	29	12	6	2	2	1	79	9	121
2020	Métis	46	32	11	7	3	0	1	79	9	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	34	11	4	2	3	0	82	6	5387
2019	Indigenous	49	30	13	3	2	2	1	81	5	154
2019	Métis	48	29	15	2	2	3	0	80	4	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	31	11	3	2	2	0	84	5	5165
2018	Indigenous	49	27	9	10	1	4	1	80	11	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	33	11	3	2	3	0	84	5	4051

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	17	14	9	2	8	1	73	11	110
2022	First Nations	34	17	25	7	3	11	2	59	11	35
2022	Métis	55	17	12	9	0	7	1	78	9	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	29	18	4	2	8	1	74	6	4920
2020	Indigenous	51	24	15	6	3	1	0	76	9	122
2020	Métis	44	26	18	8	3	1	0	71	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	33	11	3	2	3	0	84	5	5401

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	21	8	5	5	1	1	81	11	110
2022	First Nations	55	20	10	7	9	0	0	75	16	35
2022	Métis	61	23	8	4	2	1	1	86	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	30	10	5	4	6	3	79	10	4915
2020	Indigenous	44	24	11	11	5	3	2	71	17	120
2020	Métis	43	24	11	13	4	4	1	71	17	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	30	10	6	4	4	2	79	10	5389

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	8	11	4	44	3	22	64	21	110
2022	First Nations	9	15	17	2	37	2	18	50	29	35
2022	Métis	7	3	10	5	49	2	23	73	14	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	7	12	8	36	7	26	64	17	4910

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	20	25	4	5	22	1	56	12	110
2022	First Nations	16	16	31	5	7	25	0	43	15	35
2022	Métis	25	21	24	4	4	21	0	60	10	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	23	20	4	3	28	5	60	10	4910

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	27	4	3	2	0	0	90	6	110
2022	First Nations	53	34	2	5	5	0	0	87	10	35
2022	Métis	69	24	4	4	0	0	0	92	4	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	33	6	4	3	0	0	88	6	4920
2020	Indigenous	58	28	7	6	1	0	1	86	6	121
2020	Métis	57	26	8	8	0	0	0	84	8	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	58	29	7	3	2	0	0	88	5	5395
2019	Indigenous	55	31	6	6	2	1	0	86	8	154
2019	Métis	52	32	3	8	3	1	0	85	12	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	31	8	3	2	0	0	87	6	5182
2018	Indigenous	56	31	7	3	3	0	0	87	6	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	33	8	4	3	0	0	85	6	4053

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	20	7	4	6	0	82	11	110
2022	First Nations	54	25	5	5	10	0	79	16	35
2022	Métis	66	18	7	5	4	0	84	9	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	30	11	6	4	1	79	10	4920
2020	Indigenous	52	29	11	4	4	0	81	8	119
2020	Métis	49	27	12	6	5	0	76	11	72
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	29	12	5	3	0	81	8	5383
2019	Indigenous	48	27	11	8	4	1	76	13	154
2019	Métis	46	27	11	8	5	2	75	14	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	30	12	5	4	0	78	9	5172
2018	Indigenous	47	29	14	6	4	0	76	10	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	32	14	5	5	0	76	10	4051

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	58	23	9	5	5	0	81	9	110
2022	First Nations	47	28	11	5	9	0	75	14	35
2022	Métis	63	21	10	5	1	0	83	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	32	11	7	4	0	78	11	4920
2020	Indigenous	48	33	11	3	5	0	81	8	119
2020	Métis	43	35	14	3	5	0	78	9	71
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	31	11	5	3	0	80	8	5378
2019	Indigenous	45	28	11	10	5	2	74	15	152
2019	Métis	42	31	10	12	3	2	74	15	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	32	12	6	4	0	79	10	5161
2018	Indigenous	44	35	9	8	3	0	79	12	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	34	13	6	4	0	76	10	4032

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	14	16	9	6	7	0	66	16	110
2022	First Nations	31	23	16	10	10	11	0	61	22	35
2022	Métis	59	9	16	8	4	4	0	71	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	25	16	9	6	4	0	68	15	4920
2020	Indigenous	47	21	15	9	6	2	0	69	15	121
2020	Métis	51	17	14	9	7	1	0	69	17	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	25	16	7	5	3	0	71	13	5406
2019	Indigenous	36	24	17	8	9	5	0	64	18	154
2019	Métis	32	24	17	8	11	8	0	62	20	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	24	16	9	7	3	1	67	16	5188
2018	Indigenous	39	23	15	11	10	2	0	63	21	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	38	26	17	8	8	3	0	66	17	4062

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Mobility and Retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	31	36	110
2022	First Nations	44	26	30	35
2022	Métis	32	34	35	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	30	28	4920
2020	Indigenous	26	40	34	122
2020	Métis	30	37	33	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	37	36	5410
2019	Indigenous	35	32	33	154
2019	Métis	37	31	32	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	33	36	5202
2018	Indigenous	33	33	33	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	34	36	4082

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	47	16	13	4	10	35
2022	First Nations	11	47	5	10	9	18	15
2022	Métis	8	47	23	14	0	8	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	54	19	5	10	7	2030
2020	Indigenous	4	49	33	3	0	12	31
2020	Métis	5	47	32	5	0	12	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	50	27	3	6	6	1459
2019	Indigenous	6	31	23	4	23	13	53
2019	Métis	3	32	32	3	24	6	33
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	44	26	5	12	6	1624
2018	Indigenous	4	43	26	9	9	10	38
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	42	30	5	8	8	1236

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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	110
2022	First Nations	18	82	35
2022	Métis	10	90	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	4920
2020	Indigenous	13	87	121
2020	Métis	10	90	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	5407
2019	Indigenous	12	88	153
2019	Métis	14	86	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	5186
2018	Indigenous	19	81	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	4076

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	385
2020	Indigenous	43	57	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	469
2019	Indigenous	76	24	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	540
2018	Indigenous	49	51	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	452

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	82	18	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	38	385
2020	Indigenous	61	39	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	38	469
2019	Indigenous	45	55	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	38	540
2018	Indigenous	55	45	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	60	40	452

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	385
2020	Indigenous	0	100	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	469
2019	Indigenous	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	540

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	100	385
2020	Indigenous	100	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	100	469
2019	Indigenous	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	100	540

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	385
2019	Indigenous	0	100	19
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	540

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	385

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	385

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	390
2020	Indigenous	38	62	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	469
2019	Indigenous	46	54	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	528
2018	Indigenous	44	56	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	451

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	65	390
2020	Indigenous	57	43	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	469
2019	Indigenous	53	47	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	528
2018	Indigenous	46	54	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	63	451

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	390
2019	Indigenous	33	67	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	55	528
2018	Indigenous	47	53	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	451

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	390
2020	Indigenous	68	32	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	469
2019	Indigenous	34	66	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	528
2018	Indigenous	46	54	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	56	451

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	390
2020	Indigenous	33	67	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	469
2019	Indigenous	40	60	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	72	528
2018	Indigenous	35	65	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	70	451

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	390
2020	Indigenous	65	35	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	52	48	469
2019	Indigenous	52	48	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	528
2018	Indigenous	55	45	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	451

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	390
2019	Indigenous	29	71	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	528
2018	Indigenous	47	53	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	69	451

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	390
2020	Indigenous	0	100	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	1	99	469
2019	Indigenous	0	100	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	1	99	528

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	390
2020	Indigenous	0	100	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	469

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	390

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	51	390
2020	Indigenous	51	49	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	469
2019	Indigenous	56	44	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	528
2018	Indigenous	54	46	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	53	451

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	390
2018	Indigenous	24	76	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	78	451

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	390
2019	Indigenous	33	67	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	528
2018	Indigenous	25	75	23
2018	Non-Indigenous	12	88	451

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	43	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	390
2020	Indigenous	39	61	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	50	469
2019	Indigenous	48	52	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	47	527
2018	Indigenous	60	40	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	452

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	390
2018	Indigenous	24	76	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	77	452

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	390

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	390

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	390

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	390

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	390
2018	Indigenous	22	78	22
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	452

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	390

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	390
2020	Indigenous	49	51	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	469
2019	Indigenous	28	72	17
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	527

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	370

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	370
2018	Indigenous	25	75	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	82	434

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	370

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	370
2018	Indigenous	0	100	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	434

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	370

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	370

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	370

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	370
2018	Indigenous	0	100	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	434

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	370

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	370
2018	Indigenous	38	62	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	434

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	370

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	60	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	58	370
2018	Indigenous	54	46	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	50	434

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	370

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	43	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	370
2018	Indigenous	63	37	21
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	48	434

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	370

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	370

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	14	10	6	6	33	9	62	20	110
2022	First Nations	20	11	10	3	11	35	10	56	25	35
2022	Métis	21	17	11	9	2	30	10	63	18	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	14	13	4	4	37	12	61	15	4910
2020	Indigenous	26	13	18	8	9	21	6	52	23	122
2020	Métis	24	10	18	10	7	24	7	49	25	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	15	16	5	3	30	8	61	13	5397
2019	Indigenous	23	14	22	10	6	22	3	49	21	154
2019	Métis	21	15	22	9	5	24	4	50	20	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	15	19	5	5	27	9	55	16	5193
2018	Indigenous	19	13	20	9	9	25	6	47	25	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	17	21	5	5	27	7	53	15	4064

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	21	10	7	6	10	1	74	15	110
2022	First Nations	32	18	12	6	12	16	4	62	23	35
2022	Métis	50	23	10	8	2	8	0	79	11	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	28	13	4	3	15	2	75	9	4910
2020	Indigenous	38	23	15	11	6	6	1	65	18	121
2020	Métis	38	18	18	11	5	8	1	62	18	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	27	15	4	3	12	1	74	8	5406
2019	Indigenous	36	27	15	7	6	9	1	69	14	154
2019	Métis	34	27	14	8	6	10	1	68	16	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	26	16	5	4	12	1	71	10	5188
2018	Indigenous	33	30	14	7	7	9	0	69	16	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	29	18	5	4	12	1	70	10	4063

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Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	110
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	4915
2020	Indigenous	7	93	122
2020	Métis	9	91	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	5398
2019	Indigenous	6	94	154
2019	Métis	6	94	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	5179
2018	Indigenous	7	93	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	4066

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	355

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	24	355
2019	Indigenous	47	53	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	77	23	371

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	371

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	355

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	371

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	371

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	355

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	355

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	355

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	355

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	355

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	355

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	22	78	355

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	371

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	371

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	355
2019	Indigenous	0	100	10
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	371

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	355

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	355

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	355

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	355

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	355

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	355

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	355

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	355

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	355

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	355

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	355

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	355

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	355

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	335

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	335

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	335

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	335

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	335

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	335

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	335

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	335

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	335

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	335

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	335

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	54	335

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	335

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	39	335

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	335

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	335

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	15	12	6	3	29	4	69	14	110
2022	First Nations	24	17	7	8	5	29	9	66	22	35
2022	Métis	32	15	15	5	1	27	4	69	9	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	16	15	4	3	35	8	62	11	4920
2020	Indigenous	26	14	21	3	6	25	3	57	13	122
2020	Métis	24	12	24	4	7	25	4	51	15	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	16	17	3	3	31	6	63	10	5393
2019	Indigenous	27	12	27	2	2	26	3	56	6	153
2019	Métis	23	11	28	3	2	29	3	51	8	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	14	19	3	3	29	8	59	10	5181
2018	Indigenous	22	18	22	4	4	23	8	58	10	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	17	21	3	3	30	6	58	9	4064

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	20	7	7	3	9	1	80	12	110
2022	First Nations	39	21	7	9	5	18	2	74	17	35
2022	Métis	56	22	7	8	1	6	0	83	10	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	30	13	4	3	12	2	77	8	4920
2020	Indigenous	38	23	21	6	4	8	1	66	11	122
2020	Métis	38	19	24	7	4	7	1	63	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	29	15	4	3	10	1	76	7	5403
2019	Indigenous	41	24	17	3	2	13	1	75	6	153
2019	Métis	36	24	16	5	2	15	1	72	9	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	25	17	4	3	13	2	74	7	5183
2018	Indigenous	39	31	14	3	4	7	2	77	8	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	28	17	3	3	12	1	73	7	4067

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	7	23	17	32	16	2	11	60	120

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Stress and Well-Being

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	24	17	9	10	1	1	64	19	110
2022	First Nations	44	22	26	0	8	0	0	66	8	35
2022	Métis	37	25	14	12	12	1	0	62	24	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	25	20	10	14	1	2	55	25	4890
2020	Indigenous	26	32	18	10	13	0	1	58	24	120
2020	Métis	29	33	12	14	13	0	0	62	26	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	28	21	11	9	0	1	59	20	5391
2019	Indigenous	17	28	20	16	18	0	1	45	35	154
2019	Métis	17	26	22	18	16	0	0	43	35	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	26	22	14	16	0	1	47	30	5193
2018	Indigenous	17	25	19	16	21	0	1	43	38	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	22	24	16	21	0	1	38	37	4074

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	21	26	14	14	1	0	46	28	110
2022	First Nations	30	22	29	8	11	0	0	52	18	35
2022	Métis	22	19	26	17	15	1	0	41	32	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	26	25	14	13	0	1	47	28	4895
2020	Indigenous	26	22	29	17	6	0	0	48	23	122
2020	Métis	24	23	30	16	8	0	0	46	24	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	26	25	16	12	0	0	47	27	5402
2019	Indigenous	26	30	16	15	11	1	1	57	26	153
2019	Métis	28	29	14	14	14	1	0	58	28	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	26	25	14	9	0	1	52	23	5188
2018	Indigenous	24	26	26	12	11	0	1	51	23	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	26	27	16	10	0	1	46	26	4075

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	23	13	10	14	0	0	62	24	110
2022	First Nations	47	16	13	12	12	0	0	63	24	35
2022	Métis	36	25	14	11	14	0	0	61	25	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	26	19	12	10	1	4	57	23	4880
2020	Indigenous	31	25	26	12	5	0	2	56	18	122
2020	Métis	31	22	27	13	6	0	0	53	20	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	26	21	12	9	0	2	57	22	5387
2019	Indigenous	36	27	17	11	8	1	1	63	20	154
2019	Métis	33	29	17	12	8	1	1	63	21	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	28	21	11	6	1	2	61	17	5164
2018	Indigenous	34	22	21	13	8	0	2	57	22	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	27	24	13	8	0	2	54	21	4056

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	25	13	10	15	1	1	61	26	110
2022	First Nations	39	25	7	16	13	0	0	64	29	35
2022	Métis	35	24	16	8	15	1	0	61	23	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	22	20	14	12	2	3	51	28	4890
2020	Indigenous	29	27	24	8	8	2	1	58	17	122
2020	Métis	31	23	28	6	10	3	0	55	16	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	25	20	13	11	2	1	55	24	5386
2019	Indigenous	33	24	15	12	13	1	1	58	26	154
2019	Métis	38	19	18	9	14	1	1	58	23	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	24	22	14	10	1	1	53	25	5173
2018	Indigenous	27	23	24	12	13	0	1	51	25	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	23	23	15	11	1	1	48	28	4059

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	20	6	4	7	1	6	82	12	110
2022	First Nations	50	22	2	2	10	3	11	83	14	35
2022	Métis	60	19	7	5	6	0	2	81	11	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	21	11	5	5	1	7	77	11	4895
2020	Indigenous	53	25	12	5	1	0	3	81	6	121
2020	Métis	55	21	15	4	1	0	4	79	5	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	22	13	7	5	0	4	74	13	5376
2019	Indigenous	61	20	9	3	1	1	4	86	4	154
2019	Métis	60	24	8	3	0	1	4	88	3	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	22	12	5	3	1	5	79	8	5166
2018	Indigenous	54	21	13	3	5	0	5	78	8	108
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	24	14	5	4	1	5	76	10	4054

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	43	21	17	8	10	2	65	18	110
2022	First Nations	41	25	14	10	9	0	67	19	35
2022	Métis	42	23	17	8	9	1	66	17	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	26	18	9	10	1	63	19	4900
2020	Indigenous	38	21	21	9	9	2	61	18	121
2020	Métis	37	17	22	8	13	3	55	22	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	26	20	12	11	0	56	23	5396
2019	Indigenous	38	24	20	10	7	1	62	17	154
2019	Métis	39	23	22	9	7	0	62	16	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	28	19	10	8	1	63	18	5182
2018	Indigenous	33	26	13	12	13	2	61	26	109
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	26	21	12	9	1	57	21	4071

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	33	8	8	5	2	1	79	13	110
2022	First Nations	34	37	9	10	5	0	4	74	16	35
2022	Métis	49	31	7	9	3	1	0	81	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	27	17	7	6	2	3	67	14	4900
2020	Indigenous	38	24	19	13	3	2	2	65	16	122
2020	Métis	36	26	22	10	4	1	0	63	15	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	32	19	7	4	1	2	69	11	5368
2019	Indigenous	42	28	14	8	6	1	1	71	14	153
2019	Métis	34	29	16	11	8	1	1	64	19	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	34	19	7	4	1	2	69	11	5172
2018	Indigenous	34	34	20	5	6	1	0	69	11	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	33	23	8	5	1	1	62	14	4050

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	22	16	9	11	0	3	63	21	110
2022	First Nations	34	24	13	13	13	0	4	60	26	35
2022	Métis	42	21	17	8	11	0	1	64	19	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	27	21	12	10	1	2	56	23	4905
2020	Indigenous	32	27	22	12	7	0	1	59	19	121
2020	Métis	32	29	22	8	10	0	0	61	18	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	31	21	12	7	0	1	59	19	5367
2019	Indigenous	33	28	23	9	7	1	0	61	16	154
2019	Métis	35	26	21	11	7	1	0	62	18	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	31	22	11	6	0	1	61	17	5169
2018	Indigenous	34	28	18	9	10	0	1	63	19	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	30	25	13	7	1	1	55	20	4056

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	24	7	9	8	1	2	75	17	110
2022	First Nations	43	25	12	12	8	0	0	68	20	35
2022	Métis	52	23	5	8	8	1	2	78	17	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	28	17	9	7	1	2	66	16	4910
2020	Indigenous	42	23	20	8	5	1	2	67	13	119
2020	Métis	44	19	18	9	7	1	1	65	16	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	29	19	9	6	1	1	65	15	5378
2019	Indigenous	38	26	17	12	6	1	0	64	19	153
2019	Métis	36	26	14	14	8	1	0	63	22	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	31	18	9	5	1	1	67	14	5167
2018	Indigenous	35	28	17	10	10	0	1	64	20	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	30	23	10	6	1	1	60	17	4037

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	19	14	5	5	1	2	75	11	110
2022	First Nations	41	19	19	12	2	2	4	64	16	35
2022	Métis	62	18	12	2	5	0	0	81	7	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	25	12	7	6	1	2	74	14	4905
2020	Indigenous	47	23	16	10	4	0	0	70	14	121
2020	Métis	44	25	15	11	5	0	0	69	16	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	26	15	7	5	1	1	72	13	5368
2019	Indigenous	46	23	14	7	9	1	0	70	16	154
2019	Métis	40	25	15	6	13	1	0	66	19	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	26	15	8	6	1	1	71	14	5159

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	21	11	3	4	0	82	7	110
2022	First Nations	58	19	14	7	2	0	77	9	35
2022	Métis	65	19	10	1	4	0	84	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	24	11	4	4	2	80	8	4895
2020	Indigenous	30	30	23	8	8	1	60	16	122
2020	Métis	27	31	21	12	9	0	58	22	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	30	22	11	6	1	60	18	5381

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	31	20	8	6	0	0	66	14	110
2022	First Nations	31	30	16	16	7	0	0	61	23	35
2022	Métis	39	29	24	4	4	0	0	67	8	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	30	20	9	7	1	2	63	16	4900
2020	Indigenous	27	32	19	12	7	2	1	61	20	121
2020	Métis	26	32	20	14	8	0	0	58	22	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	29	22	13	8	0	0	57	21	5375
2019	Indigenous	38	31	14	9	8	1	0	69	17	154
2019	Métis	39	28	12	10	11	1	0	67	21	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	30	19	9	6	1	1	66	15	5157
2018	Indigenous	32	30	22	8	6	0	1	63	14	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	30	22	11	7	1	1	59	18	4038

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	71	14	9	0	3	0	2	88	3	110
2022	First Nations	68	15	5	0	5	0	8	89	5	35
2022	Métis	72	14	12	0	1	0	0	86	1	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	60	17	8	4	5	1	4	82	9	4890
2020	Indigenous	51	23	16	5	4	0	1	75	9	120
2020	Métis	49	20	20	6	5	0	0	69	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	27	15	5	4	0	2	75	9	5377
2019	Indigenous	63	16	10	5	5	1	0	79	10	154
2019	Métis	55	20	12	4	8	1	0	75	12	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	24	10	5	4	0	2	81	9	5148
2018	Indigenous	59	17	11	4	6	0	2	78	10	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	24	13	4	4	0	3	78	8	4032

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	25	10	4	1	0	86	5	110
2022	First Nations	53	28	10	9	0	0	81	9	35
2022	Métis	65	22	11	1	1	0	87	3	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	30	11	4	3	2	81	7	4900
2020	Indigenous	37	30	15	11	8	0	66	18	122
2020	Métis	30	30	19	11	10	0	60	21	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	33	22	11	6	1	62	17	5379

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	12	5	0	2	0	4	92	2	110
2022	First Nations	78	12	5	0	0	0	5	94	0	35
2022	Métis	74	12	6	0	3	0	5	91	4	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	70	12	4	2	2	1	9	91	4	4900
2020	Indigenous	68	16	7	4	1	1	4	88	5	120
2020	Métis	65	17	7	6	1	0	4	85	7	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	19	8	3	2	1	5	87	5	5378
2019	Indigenous	74	8	6	3	6	1	3	85	9	152
2019	Métis	72	8	9	2	7	1	1	82	9	89
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	14	5	2	2	1	6	90	4	5153
2018	Indigenous	65	16	6	3	6	1	3	84	10	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	15	7	2	3	1	5	87	5	4042

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	82	9	3	2	2	0	2	93	5	110
2022	First Nations	74	12	5	3	2	0	3	89	5	35
2022	Métis	84	9	1	2	1	0	3	95	3	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	9	4	2	3	2	6	91	5	4910
2020	Indigenous	70	16	5	3	3	0	3	88	7	122
2020	Métis	67	16	7	6	1	0	3	86	7	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	9	4	2	2	1	3	91	5	5390
2019	Indigenous	80	6	3	5	4	0	1	87	10	154
2019	Métis	79	6	4	5	5	0	1	86	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	73	11	5	3	4	1	3	87	7	5176
2018	Indigenous	63	12	9	7	8	0	1	75	16	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	71	11	6	3	4	1	4	87	7	4047

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	74	20	4	1	0	0	2	95	1	110
2022	First Nations	61	24	10	3	0	0	3	87	3	35
2022	Métis	78	18	1	0	0	0	3	99	0	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	16	5	2	1	1	4	91	4	4905
2020	Indigenous	73	17	6	3	0	0	1	91	3	120
2020	Métis	71	15	8	4	0	0	1	88	4	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	72	17	5	2	1	0	2	91	3	5376
2019	Indigenous	52	28	12	5	3	0	0	80	8	153
2019	Métis	49	29	12	6	4	0	0	78	10	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	24	8	3	2	0	2	87	5	5152
2018	Indigenous	60	24	9	3	2	0	2	86	5	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	24	9	4	2	0	2	84	6	4044

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	10	4	3	3	0	2	89	6	110
2022	First Nations	70	14	4	3	5	0	3	87	8	35
2022	Métis	79	7	5	5	1	0	3	89	6	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	69	14	6	3	4	1	4	86	7	4900
2020	Indigenous	68	12	7	5	5	0	2	81	11	122
2020	Métis	69	10	9	4	7	0	1	80	11	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	15	7	4	4	0	2	85	8	5371
2019	Indigenous	57	24	9	5	6	0	0	80	11	153
2019	Métis	55	22	8	7	9	0	0	77	15	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	63	18	8	4	4	0	2	83	9	5155
2018	Indigenous	56	17	10	4	11	0	2	74	15	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	57	20	10	5	5	0	2	79	10	4033

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	11	2	0	1	0	8	96	1	110
2022	First Nations	76	8	3	0	3	0	10	94	3	35
2022	Métis	78	13	2	0	0	0	7	98	0	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	65	9	4	1	1	1	20	93	3	4890
2020	Indigenous	64	9	2	1	0	0	23	96	1	121
2020	Métis	70	7	3	0	0	0	21	97	0	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	10	4	1	1	0	21	92	3	5383
2019	Indigenous	66	8	6	1	2	0	18	89	4	153
2019	Métis	66	11	4	1	3	0	14	90	5	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	61	11	4	1	1	0	20	92	3	5138
2018	Indigenous	58	13	2	1	0	0	26	96	1	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	11	5	2	1	0	25	89	4	4014

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	83	9	2	1	2	0	4	96	2	110
2022	First Nations	71	14	2	0	5	0	8	92	6	35
2022	Métis	87	7	1	0	0	0	4	99	0	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	73	12	4	2	1	1	7	93	3	4895
2020	Indigenous	77	12	3	3	2	0	3	91	5	122
2020	Métis	76	11	4	5	0	0	3	90	6	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	14	5	1	1	0	4	92	3	5395
2019	Indigenous	70	19	5	2	1	0	3	92	3	153
2019	Métis	72	19	3	1	2	0	2	93	4	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	14	5	1	1	0	6	92	2	5149
2018	Indigenous	71	16	8	0	1	0	5	91	1	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	16	7	2	1	0	7	90	3	4025

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	19	5	4	4	0	3	86	9	110
2022	First Nations	65	23	5	2	2	0	3	90	5	35
2022	Métis	63	17	6	5	5	0	4	83	11	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	61	14	9	4	6	1	4	79	11	4915
2020	Indigenous	65	11	11	6	4	0	3	79	10	122
2020	Métis	62	10	14	6	3	0	6	76	9	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	16	9	4	5	0	2	81	10	5397
2019	Indigenous	66	13	6	4	10	0	1	80	14	154
2019	Métis	63	15	6	5	10	0	1	78	15	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	64	13	8	5	7	0	3	79	13	5174
2018	Indigenous	63	12	9	6	10	0	1	75	16	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	58	14	9	6	9	0	3	75	16	4042

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	23	17	2	1	1	3	79	3	110
2022	First Nations	51	23	17	4	0	0	5	78	4	35
2022	Métis	57	21	17	1	0	2	3	82	1	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	24	13	5	3	1	3	78	8	4910
2020	Indigenous	47	28	17	5	2	0	1	75	7	122
2020	Métis	45	30	18	5	3	0	0	74	8	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	29	16	6	3	0	1	75	9	5401
2019	Indigenous	42	29	17	7	4	1	1	72	11	154
2019	Métis	45	24	20	6	4	1	0	70	10	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	26	12	4	2	0	2	81	7	5161
2018	Indigenous	43	34	14	6	3	0	1	77	9	111
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	27	14	5	3	0	2	77	8	4042

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	34	29	13	8	0	50	21	110
2022	First Nations	20	34	31	13	2	0	53	16	35
2022	Métis	14	35	28	13	9	0	49	23	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	31	37	12	6	0	45	18	4925
2020	Indigenous	21	29	28	14	6	1	51	21	122
2020	Métis	21	28	23	19	8	0	49	27	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	32	34	13	5	0	47	18	5409
2019	Indigenous	18	39	28	10	4	0	58	14	154
2019	Métis	19	38	28	12	3	0	57	15	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	33	34	11	4	0	51	15	5191
2018	Indigenous	16	35	28	14	7	0	50	21	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	32	35	13	5	0	46	18	4089

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	11	35	28	14	0	42	23	110
2022	First Nations	10	7	45	24	13	0	37	18	35
2022	Métis	12	14	30	31	13	0	44	26	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	18	39	22	12	1	34	27	4915
2020	Indigenous	15	21	37	16	12	0	28	35	122
2020	Métis	15	26	35	14	10	0	24	41	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	19	37	22	10	0	32	30	5395
2019	Indigenous	12	17	34	25	12	1	37	29	153
2019	Métis	12	19	35	23	10	1	33	31	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	17	38	23	12	0	36	26	5133
2018	Indigenous	17	14	35	21	13	0	34	31	108
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	18	38	23	10	0	34	28	4019

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	33	15	10	5	2	69	15	110
2022	First Nations	24	41	10	8	12	5	68	21	35
2022	Métis	41	29	17	11	1	0	71	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	38	14	9	5	4	70	15	4915
2020	Indigenous	40	40	11	5	3	0	80	9	122
2020	Métis	36	43	12	7	3	0	78	9	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	40	12	5	2	2	80	7	5406
2019	Indigenous	23	40	19	10	5	3	65	15	152
2019	Métis	19	39	19	10	7	6	62	18	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	38	17	9	4	4	68	14	5172
2018	Indigenous	27	34	21	12	4	1	62	17	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	28	39	17	8	5	3	69	13	4064

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	25	41	13	5	110
2022	First Nations	19	33	33	4	10	35
2022	Métis	15	24	44	17	1	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	27	35	20	6	4920

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	25	10	3	1	1	1	85	4	110
2022	First Nations	57	25	13	5	0	0	0	82	5	35
2022	Métis	60	26	8	3	0	2	1	89	3	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	25	10	3	2	4	1	84	5	4920
2020	Indigenous	44	27	15	4	3	5	1	76	8	121
2020	Métis	44	21	21	7	2	3	1	68	10	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	27	13	4	3	3	1	79	8	5382

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	20	7	10	7	0	1	76	17	110
2022	First Nations	54	21	8	13	3	0	0	75	16	35
2022	Métis	58	19	6	8	7	0	1	78	15	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	25	9	9	7	2	1	74	17	4920
2020	Indigenous	35	31	13	13	7	1	0	67	20	122
2020	Métis	34	26	16	17	8	0	0	60	25	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	28	12	11	7	1	1	68	19	5395

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	24	4	5	2	0	2	88	8	110
2022	First Nations	63	23	4	7	3	0	0	86	10	35
2022	Métis	64	25	4	5	0	0	2	91	5	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	28	7	5	4	1	1	84	9	4920
2020	Indigenous	49	33	7	5	5	1	0	82	11	121
2020	Métis	49	31	9	8	3	0	0	80	11	73
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	9	7	4	1	1	80	11	5381

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	35	8	13	5	1	1	74	18	110
2022	First Nations	35	38	10	13	5	0	0	72	17	35
2022	Métis	40	33	7	14	4	1	2	74	19	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	38	13	9	5	2	1	71	15	4915
2020	Indigenous	27	39	13	15	7	1	0	66	22	122
2020	Métis	25	34	12	19	8	1	0	60	28	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	32	17	9	4	2	0	69	13	5398
2019	Indigenous	23	37	20	7	8	4	0	63	16	154
2019	Métis	19	40	16	8	12	5	0	62	21	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	35	18	12	6	2	0	63	19	5186
2018	Indigenous	29	32	18	13	8	0	0	61	21	112
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	35	18	11	8	2	0	62	19	4069

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	54	12	12	4	0	3	71	17	30
2022	First Nations	19	37	8	18	10	0	7	60	30	10
2022	Métis	14	68	13	5	0	0	0	82	5	20
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	48	13	15	6	1	0	65	21	1005
2020	Indigenous	32	47	8	0	4	4	5	87	4	23
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	49	13	16	3	1	0	67	20	1150
2019	Indigenous	18	44	4	30	4	0	0	62	34	24
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	45	16	14	4	2	1	64	19	1017

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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	110
2022	First Nations	19	81	35
2022	Métis	19	81	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	4915
2020	Indigenous	13	87	122
2020	Métis	12	88	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	5378
2019	Indigenous	20	80	154
2019	Métis	18	82	91
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	5182

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	40	20
2022	Métis	60	40	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	49	560
2020	Indigenous	43	57	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	55	658

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	78	22	20
2022	Métis	82	18	15
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	32	560
2020	Indigenous	73	27	16
2020	Non-Indigenous	75	25	657
2019	Indigenous	84	16	32
2019	Métis	87	13	16
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	20	787

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	65	18	0	11	5	0	0	84	16	15
2022	Métis	61	16	0	15	7	0	0	77	23	10
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	38	8	9	3	1	0	80	12	385
2020	Indigenous	74	0	8	18	0	0	0	74	18	12
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	35	8	6	2	1	1	83	9	496
2019	Indigenous	26	54	4	8	8	0	0	80	16	26
2019	Métis	22	65	0	0	14	0	0	86	14	14
2019	Non-Indigenous	50	33	6	7	3	0	0	83	11	623

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	27	6	3	3	3	2	87	7	110
2022	First Nations	56	32	7	0	3	2	0	90	3	35
2022	Métis	55	26	6	5	2	3	3	86	8	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	31	8	5	3	4	4	84	8	4915
2020	Indigenous	53	25	9	4	2	4	2	83	7	122
2020	Métis	49	27	10	7	1	4	1	81	9	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	30	9	4	2	2	3	84	6	5400

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Compensation

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	57	9	2	110
2022	First Nations	23	68	2	7	35
2022	Métis	36	51	12	0	70
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	51	17	2	4920
2020	Indigenous	30	49	19	1	122
2020	Métis	25	52	22	1	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	45	21	2	5414

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	54	35
2022	Métis	45	55	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	1470
2020	Indigenous	29	71	37
2020	Métis	15	85	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	1797

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	13	22	19	25	0	3	33	45	35
2022	Métis	21	12	23	13	30	0	0	33	44	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	20	14	18	32	2	5	31	54	1470
2020	Indigenous	8	20	14	25	33	0	0	28	58	37
2020	Métis	12	17	11	27	33	0	0	29	60	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	19	18	19	27	1	5	32	49	1795

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	12	17	20	33	0	9	23	59	35
2022	Métis	12	16	23	16	34	0	0	28	49	25
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	17	12	19	38	2	5	26	62	1470
2020	Indigenous	2	14	14	27	43	0	0	16	71	37
2020	Métis	0	17	11	20	52	0	0	17	73	19
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	15	16	22	37	1	2	22	61	1798

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	15	10	3	8	3	15	74	13	110
2022	First Nations	50	7	15	5	9	0	13	66	17	35
2022	Métis	46	17	6	1	8	4	17	80	12	75
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	16	11	5	5	4	17	72	13	4920
2020	Indigenous	37	21	15	11	9	1	7	62	21	122
2020	Métis	37	21	16	9	8	1	8	63	19	74
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	20	14	7	7	2	9	68	16	5401
2019	Indigenous	35	17	20	8	13	1	6	56	23	152
2019	Métis	37	22	17	8	10	1	6	63	19	90
2019	Non-Indigenous	38	20	15	9	10	1	7	63	21	5153
2018	Indigenous	37	19	18	9	13	0	5	58	23	110
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	19	16	10	12	2	7	59	24	4064

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Hybrid Work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	15	6	0	22	50
2022	First Nations	60	20	0	0	21	20
2022	Métis	55	12	10	0	23	35
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	17	5	3	28	2415

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	76	24	60
2022	First Nations	79	21	20
2022	Métis	74	26	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	80	20	2725

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	60
2022	First Nations	49	51	20
2022	Métis	30	70	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	2725

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	47	60
2022	First Nations	67	33	20
2022	Métis	46	54	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	44	2725

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	60
2022	First Nations	37	63	20
2022	Métis	31	69	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	2725

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	60
2022	First Nations	8	92	20
2022	Métis	12	88	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	2725

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	60
2022	First Nations	26	74	20
2022	Métis	31	69	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	2725

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	60
2022	First Nations	5	95	20
2022	Métis	18	82	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	2725

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	60
2022	First Nations	34	66	20
2022	Métis	34	66	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	21	79	2725

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	60
2022	First Nations	15	85	20
2022	Métis	14	86	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	2725

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	60
2022	First Nations	17	83	20
2022	Métis	23	77	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	2725

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	60
2022	First Nations	40	60	20
2022	Métis	36	64	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	59	2725

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	60
2022	First Nations	4	96	20
2022	Métis	3	97	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	2725

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	60
2022	First Nations	10	90	20
2022	Métis	22	78	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	2725

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	91	4	2	0	0	4	98	0	60
2022	First Nations	95	0	5	0	0	0	95	0	20
2022	Métis	88	6	0	0	0	6	100	0	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	76	13	3	1	2	5	93	3	2725

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	12	11	12	52	2	6	70	18	60
2022	First Nations	11	7	16	16	46	0	3	64	19	20
2022	Métis	0	15	6	10	57	4	8	76	17	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	13	15	14	41	4	5	61	22	2725

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	24	10	10	42	4	4	57	32	60
2022	First Nations	0	30	13	22	34	0	0	56	30	20
2022	Métis	9	21	7	4	47	6	6	58	34	40
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	19	16	15	35	5	2	54	28	2725

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources