2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for the Public Service by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

The results of the 2022 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	40	4	10	5	82	15	6875
2022	First Nations	44	38	4	9	5	83	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	40	4	11	4	81	15	240
2022	Métis	40	41	3	11	5	81	16	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	41	4	8	4	84	12	175000
2020	Indigenous	35	44	5	12	4	79	16	7579
2020	First Nations	37	44	5	11	4	81	14	3330
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	45	5	7	4	84	12	248
2020	Métis	33	45	5	13	5	78	18	3813
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	45	4	10	3	83	13	179025

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	75	18	3	2	1	0	1	94	3	6875
2022	First Nations	76	17	2	2	1	0	1	95	3	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	21	3	4	3	0	2	91	7	240
2022	Métis	75	18	3	2	1	0	1	94	3	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	18	3	2	1	0	1	94	3	174970
2020	Indigenous	74	17	4	2	2	0	1	92	4	7538
2020	First Nations	76	16	4	2	2	0	0	93	4	3311
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	72	19	3	2	2	1	1	93	3	248
2020	Métis	73	18	3	2	2	0	1	92	4	3791
2020	Non-Indigenous	76	17	3	2	1	0	1	94	3	178437

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	29	7	9	6	1	78	15	6865
2022	First Nations	51	28	7	8	5	1	79	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	29	7	11	5	1	77	16	240
2022	Métis	48	29	6	9	7	1	77	16	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	31	6	7	5	1	81	12	174790
2020	Indigenous	41	34	8	11	5	0	75	17	7565
2020	First Nations	42	34	9	10	5	0	76	15	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	28	7	8	5	0	80	13	247
2020	Métis	40	34	8	12	5	0	74	18	3806
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	38	9	10	3	0	78	13	178798
2019	Indigenous	41	33	7	12	7	0	74	18	8024
2019	First Nations	43	32	7	11	7	0	75	18	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	37	5	11	5	0	79	16	293
2019	Métis	40	33	8	12	6	0	74	18	4022
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	35	7	10	5	0	78	15	171440

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	37	10	12	8	0	69	21	6855
2022	First Nations	33	37	10	11	8	0	70	19	2915
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	35	40	5	13	6	0	75	19	235
2022	Métis	31	37	10	13	9	0	68	22	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	39	10	11	5	0	74	16	174810
2020	Indigenous	32	36	12	14	6	1	69	19	7548
2020	First Nations	34	36	12	13	5	1	71	17	3318
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	32	11	11	3	0	75	14	249
2020	Métis	31	36	11	14	7	1	68	21	3794
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	39	12	11	4	1	73	15	178222
2019	Indigenous	28	38	12	14	8	0	66	22	8011
2019	First Nations	30	38	12	13	7	0	68	20	3464
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	34	13	16	5	0	66	21	292
2019	Métis	26	38	12	15	8	0	64	23	4017
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	40	12	13	6	0	69	19	171025
2018	Indigenous	23	42	10	16	9	0	65	25	7247
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	45	10	14	6	1	70	20	151664

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	31	9	8	5	0	78	13	6870
2022	First Nations	50	31	9	6	4	0	81	10	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	29	9	8	6	1	78	14	240
2022	Métis	46	31	8	9	5	0	77	15	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	33	7	6	3	1	84	9	174715
2020	Indigenous	43	33	9	10	5	0	77	15	7513
2020	First Nations	45	33	9	9	4	0	78	13	3299
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	33	5	6	4	0	84	11	247
2020	Métis	42	33	9	11	5	0	75	16	3781
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	36	9	7	3	0	81	10	177655
2019	Indigenous	42	34	9	9	5	0	77	14	7982
2019	First Nations	44	34	9	8	5	0	78	13	3456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	34	8	8	4	0	81	11	293
2019	Métis	41	35	8	10	6	0	76	16	3996
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	35	8	7	3	0	81	10	170519

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	27	10	9	8	0	73	18	6865
2022	First Nations	48	27	8	8	7	0	76	16	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	28	9	8	9	0	74	17	240
2022	Métis	44	27	10	10	9	0	71	19	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	30	9	7	6	0	78	13	174960
2020	Indigenous	44	28	11	9	8	0	72	17	7546
2020	First Nations	45	28	11	8	7	0	73	15	3314
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	24	9	6	6	0	78	13	249
2020	Métis	43	28	11	9	8	0	72	17	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	31	10	8	5	0	77	13	178444
2019	Indigenous	43	29	11	9	7	0	72	17	8014
2019	First Nations	44	29	11	9	7	1	73	16	3466
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	26	10	9	7	0	73	16	292
2019	Métis	42	29	11	9	8	0	72	17	4018
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	32	10	8	5	0	77	13	171236
2018	Indigenous	38	32	11	10	8	0	70	18	7228
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	34	11	8	5	0	76	13	151327

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	36	10	7	6	77	13	6875
2022	First Nations	44	36	9	6	5	79	11	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	29	8	7	8	77	15	240
2022	Métis	39	36	11	7	7	75	14	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	38	11	6	4	79	11	174990
2020	Indigenous	41	34	11	8	6	75	14	7572
2020	First Nations	43	34	11	7	5	77	12	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	30	11	8	3	78	11	250
2020	Métis	39	35	11	8	7	74	15	3807
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	38	11	7	4	78	11	178870
2019	Indigenous	37	37	11	8	6	75	14	8029
2019	First Nations	39	37	11	6	6	77	12	3466
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	33	12	9	4	75	13	294
2019	Métis	36	37	12	9	7	73	16	4030
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	39	12	7	5	76	12	171575
2018	Indigenous	35	38	12	8	7	72	16	7200
2018	Non-Indigenous	34	42	12	8	5	76	13	150886

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	30	13	10	12	0	65	22	6875
2022	First Nations	37	31	14	9	10	0	68	19	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	29	13	11	9	0	67	20	240
2022	Métis	33	30	13	11	13	0	63	24	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	34	14	9	8	0	70	17	175070
2020	Indigenous	31	33	14	12	10	0	64	22	7565
2020	First Nations	32	33	14	11	9	0	66	20	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	33	13	11	5	1	72	15	249
2020	Métis	30	32	14	12	12	0	62	24	3802
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	36	14	10	6	0	69	17	178908
2019	Indigenous	28	33	15	13	11	0	61	24	8036
2019	First Nations	29	33	15	13	10	0	63	23	3477
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	32	35	12	14	6	0	67	20	293
2019	Métis	26	33	15	14	12	0	60	26	4026
2019	Non-Indigenous	28	36	15	12	8	0	65	20	171464
2018	Indigenous	24	31	16	14	15	0	55	29	7235
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	34	17	12	10	0	60	23	151318

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	40	9	9	5	78	14	6865
2022	First Nations	39	41	7	8	4	80	13	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	42	8	9	4	79	13	240
2022	Métis	37	39	10	10	5	76	14	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	41	8	8	3	81	11	174930
2020	Indigenous	34	38	11	11	5	73	16	7530
2020	First Nations	37	39	10	10	4	76	14	3309
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	40	35	9	12	5	75	16	246
2020	Métis	32	38	12	12	5	70	18	3787
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	41	11	9	3	77	12	177965
2019	Indigenous	31	39	12	12	6	70	18	8001
2019	First Nations	32	39	12	12	5	72	16	3465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	41	8	12	6	74	18	293
2019	Métis	29	39	13	12	6	68	18	4004
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	42	12	10	4	74	14	170746
2018	Indigenous	28	38	15	11	8	66	19	7234
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	41	13	10	5	71	16	151482

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	34	8	5	3	0	0	84	8	6860
2022	First Nations	52	34	7	5	3	0	0	86	8	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	38	7	5	5	0	0	83	10	240
2022	Métis	49	34	8	5	4	0	0	83	9	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	36	7	4	2	0	0	86	6	174720
2020	Indigenous	48	33	9	6	4	0	0	81	9	7529
2020	First Nations	49	34	9	5	3	0	0	83	8	3306
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	26	9	5	2	0	1	83	8	247
2020	Métis	46	33	9	6	5	0	0	80	11	3788
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	37	8	4	2	0	0	85	6	178121
2019	Indigenous	43	35	11	6	4	0	0	78	10	8014
2019	First Nations	44	36	11	5	4	0	0	80	9	3471
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	30	9	6	3	0	1	82	9	293
2019	Métis	41	35	12	7	5	0	0	76	11	4011
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	38	10	5	3	0	0	82	8	170782
2018	Indigenous	41	38	10	6	4	1	0	80	10	7234
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	40	9	5	2	0	0	84	7	151488

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	32	13	9	10	67	20	6865
2022	First Nations	38	33	13	8	8	71	17	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	33	10	12	7	71	19	240
2022	Métis	35	30	13	10	12	65	22	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	35	12	8	7	73	15	174950
2020	Indigenous	33	32	13	11	11	66	22	7556
2020	First Nations	35	32	13	10	10	68	19	3321
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	32	9	10	8	72	19	250
2020	Métis	32	31	12	12	12	64	24	3798
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	36	13	9	6	72	15	178515
2019	Indigenous	31	32	14	12	11	63	23	8025
2019	First Nations	33	33	13	12	10	66	21	3474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	34	12	11	8	69	19	292
2019	Métis	29	32	14	13	12	61	25	4019
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	14	10	7	68	18	171171
2018	Indigenous	26	33	15	13	12	60	26	7215
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	37	14	11	8	67	19	151195

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	29	10	3	3	84	6	6870
2022	First Nations	58	28	9	3	2	86	5	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	29	11	4	5	80	8	240
2022	Métis	54	29	11	3	3	83	6	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	32	9	3	2	86	5	174880
2020	Indigenous	57	28	8	3	3	85	7	7511
2020	First Nations	59	27	8	3	2	86	6	3305
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	24	10	2	2	86	4	249
2020	Métis	55	30	8	4	4	85	7	3770
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	32	9	3	2	86	5	177585
2019	Indigenous	54	30	9	3	3	85	6	7984
2019	First Nations	57	29	9	3	3	86	5	3449
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	28	11	3	2	84	5	291
2019	Métis	52	32	9	4	3	84	7	4005
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	33	10	3	2	85	5	170412
2018	Indigenous	52	32	9	4	3	85	6	7177
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	35	9	3	2	85	5	150385

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	34	13	11	9	0	67	20	6865
2022	First Nations	35	35	13	9	8	0	70	17	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	13	7	10	0	70	17	240
2022	Métis	32	34	12	11	10	0	66	22	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	36	12	9	7	0	71	17	174790
2020	Indigenous	33	33	13	11	9	0	67	21	7517
2020	First Nations	34	34	13	11	8	0	68	19	3306
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	32	16	9	5	1	70	14	247
2020	Métis	32	33	13	11	11	0	65	22	3776
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	37	13	10	6	0	71	16	178047
2019	Indigenous	29	34	14	13	10	0	63	22	8002
2019	First Nations	32	33	14	11	9	0	65	21	3464
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	33	17	9	7	0	67	16	291
2019	Métis	27	34	14	14	10	0	62	24	4008
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	37	14	11	7	0	68	18	170740
2018	Indigenous	25	35	14	13	12	0	61	25	7203
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	38	14	12	8	0	66	20	150910

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	31	14	8	8	0	0	70	16	6870
2022	First Nations	41	31	14	8	6	0	0	72	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	33	12	12	4	0	1	73	16	240
2022	Métis	38	30	14	9	9	0	0	68	18	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	33	14	8	6	0	0	73	13	174890
2020	Indigenous	37	30	15	9	9	0	0	67	18	7559
2020	First Nations	39	30	15	9	7	0	0	69	16	3322
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	26	15	10	5	1	0	71	14	250
2020	Métis	36	29	15	10	10	0	0	65	20	3799
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	33	15	8	5	0	0	71	14	178609
2019	Indigenous	34	31	15	10	9	0	0	65	19	8019
2019	First Nations	36	31	14	9	9	0	0	67	18	3471
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	33	13	8	6	0	0	74	14	292
2019	Métis	32	31	16	11	10	0	0	63	21	4017
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	33	15	9	7	0	0	68	16	171255
2018	Indigenous	30	32	15	11	11	0	0	63	22	7181
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	34	16	10	8	0	0	66	18	150579

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	32	13	9	7	0	0	72	16	6870
2022	First Nations	41	33	11	8	6	0	0	75	14	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	35	16	8	6	0	0	69	15	240
2022	Métis	39	31	13	9	8	0	0	70	17	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	36	12	8	5	0	0	76	12	174940
2020	Indigenous	35	36	12	10	6	0	0	71	17	7494
2020	First Nations	37	35	13	9	6	0	0	72	15	3295
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	35	12	7	6	1	0	76	13	243
2020	Métis	33	37	12	11	7	0	0	70	18	3769
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	40	12	8	4	0	0	76	12	177532
2019	Indigenous	32	36	14	11	6	0	0	69	17	7883
2019	First Nations	33	36	13	11	6	0	0	70	17	3418
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	13	11	5	1	1	71	16	280
2019	Métis	31	36	14	11	7	0	0	68	18	3953
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	40	13	9	5	0	0	73	14	169350
2018	Indigenous	29	33	15	13	10	0	0	62	23	7197
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	37	15	11	7	0	0	67	18	150918

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	34	10	5	4	81	9	6875
2022	First Nations	50	33	9	5	3	83	8	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	33	8	8	3	81	11	240
2022	Métis	44	35	11	5	5	79	10	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	5	3	82	8	175030
2020	Indigenous	47	33	10	6	3	81	9	7559
2020	First Nations	51	31	9	5	3	83	8	3320
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	26	10	6	2	83	7	250
2020	Métis	43	36	11	6	4	79	10	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	37	10	5	2	83	7	178826
2019	Indigenous	45	35	11	6	4	80	9	8028
2019	First Nations	47	34	10	5	4	81	9	3467
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	50	34	8	5	3	85	8	293
2019	Métis	42	36	11	6	4	79	10	4029
2019	Non-Indigenous	43	38	10	5	3	81	8	171568
2018	Indigenous	41	36	11	7	5	78	11	7224
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	40	11	6	3	80	9	151349

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	32	16	7	5	0	1	71	12	6880
2022	First Nations	38	32	17	7	5	0	1	71	12	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	38	11	5	5	1	1	80	10	240
2022	Métis	38	31	16	8	5	0	1	70	13	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	31	15	7	5	0	1	73	12	175115
2020	Indigenous	37	31	18	8	5	0	1	69	13	7533
2020	First Nations	38	31	17	7	5	0	1	70	12	3302
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	32	12	8	3	0	0	77	11	249
2020	Métis	35	31	19	9	6	0	0	67	15	3795
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	32	16	8	5	0	1	71	13	177952
2019	Indigenous	38	31	18	7	5	0	1	69	12	7970
2019	First Nations	38	31	18	7	5	0	1	70	12	3440
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	28	16	4	3	0	0	77	7	292
2019	Métis	36	31	19	8	5	0	1	68	13	4002
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	32	17	7	4	0	1	72	12	170554
2018	Indigenous	35	31	18	8	6	0	1	68	14	7246
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	32	17	8	5	0	1	70	13	151849

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	23	33	18	11	1	3	30	36	6855
2022	First Nations	11	23	32	19	12	1	3	32	35	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	17	33	22	16	3	2	39	26	235
2022	Métis	12	23	34	17	11	0	3	29	37	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	22	34	19	11	1	3	31	33	174625
2020	Indigenous	13	26	33	18	9	1	1	28	39	7572
2020	First Nations	12	24	33	18	10	1	1	29	37	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	7	25	33	20	11	2	1	32	34	249
2020	Métis	14	27	32	18	8	1	1	26	41	3809
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	23	35	20	9	1	1	30	34	178785
2019	Indigenous	13	24	34	18	9	1	1	28	38	8025
2019	First Nations	12	24	34	18	10	1	1	28	37	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	20	33	23	12	1	1	36	30	292
2019	Métis	13	25	34	18	9	1	1	27	39	4024
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	24	35	19	9	1	1	29	35	171402
2018	Indigenous	14	25	34	17	8	1	1	25	40	7217
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	26	35	18	8	1	1	27	37	151358

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	22	29	17	11	2	4	30	39	6865
2022	First Nations	15	21	29	18	11	2	5	31	38	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	19	36	16	11	3	3	29	32	240
2022	Métis	15	23	29	17	11	2	4	29	40	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	22	30	17	11	2	5	30	38	174575
2020	Indigenous	14	21	30	19	11	2	2	32	37	7547
2020	First Nations	13	20	30	20	12	2	2	34	35	3320
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	13	39	17	13	3	3	32	27	248
2020	Métis	15	23	29	18	11	2	2	31	39	3793
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	21	31	20	11	2	2	32	35	178320
2019	Indigenous	16	23	28	17	11	2	2	30	41	8021
2019	First Nations	15	24	27	18	12	2	2	31	40	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	18	15	32	16	14	2	3	31	35	292
2019	Métis	17	23	28	17	11	2	2	29	42	4022
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	23	29	18	10	2	2	29	40	171030
2018	Indigenous	19	23	28	16	9	2	3	27	44	7186
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	24	29	17	9	2	3	26	43	150898

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	14	29	26	18	1	4	47	23	6850
2022	First Nations	7	14	28	26	18	1	4	48	22	2915
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	10	26	35	19	1	3	56	17	235
2022	Métis	7	15	29	26	18	1	4	46	23	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	14	29	27	18	1	5	48	22	174420
2020	Indigenous	7	14	29	29	17	1	2	48	22	7532
2020	First Nations	7	13	29	30	18	1	2	50	20	3309
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	11	21	35	22	3	2	60	18	249
2020	Métis	8	15	30	28	17	1	2	46	23	3786
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	14	30	29	17	1	2	48	21	177906
2019	Indigenous	7	13	30	28	18	1	2	47	21	7986
2019	First Nations	7	13	30	28	19	1	2	48	21	3453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	6	9	24	30	27	1	3	59	16	292
2019	Métis	7	14	31	28	16	1	2	46	22	4003
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	15	31	28	16	1	2	46	22	170563
2018	Indigenous	9	15	31	26	14	2	3	42	25	7158
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	16	32	27	14	1	2	42	25	150556

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	20	24	19	16	2	4	37	38	6850
2022	First Nations	15	19	24	19	17	2	4	39	36	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	19	24	26	15	2	4	44	31	235
2022	Métis	16	21	25	18	15	2	4	35	39	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	18	25	20	17	2	5	40	33	174400
2020	Indigenous	14	20	27	20	15	2	2	37	35	7553
2020	First Nations	12	18	28	21	16	2	2	39	32	3323
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	11	25	28	19	3	2	50	24	250
2020	Métis	16	21	26	19	14	1	2	34	38	3792
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	19	27	23	16	1	2	40	32	178374
2019	Indigenous	17	21	25	19	15	2	2	35	39	8017
2019	First Nations	16	20	25	20	16	2	2	37	36	3467
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	16	20	26	21	2	2	49	30	292
2019	Métis	18	22	25	18	14	1	2	33	41	4019
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	20	27	20	14	1	2	36	36	171087
2018	Indigenous	21	23	25	17	11	2	2	29	46	7193
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	23	27	18	11	1	2	30	42	151088

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	19	23	18	16	5	5	37	37	6855
2022	First Nations	14	20	23	17	16	5	6	37	38	2915
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	18	19	22	14	5	7	41	38	235
2022	Métis	15	19	24	18	16	4	5	37	37	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	18	24	19	16	5	6	40	33	174620
2020	Indigenous	10	16	24	25	19	4	3	47	28	7544
2020	First Nations	10	15	23	24	21	4	3	48	27	3316
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	9	14	22	28	19	5	3	51	25	249
2020	Métis	11	16	24	25	19	3	2	46	28	3792
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	14	25	27	19	4	3	50	24	177824
2019	Indigenous	14	18	25	21	16	3	3	39	34	8004
2019	First Nations	13	18	25	20	17	3	3	40	33	3465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	12	21	25	18	5	3	48	29	292
2019	Métis	15	19	25	21	16	2	3	39	35	4008
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	18	26	22	16	3	3	41	32	170666
2018	Indigenous	16	20	25	21	12	3	3	35	39	7171
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	20	27	22	13	3	3	37	34	150575

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	22	30	15	12	3	3	29	39	6855
2022	First Nations	15	20	31	15	13	3	3	30	37	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	20	28	19	15	3	4	37	33	235
2022	Métis	16	23	30	15	11	2	3	28	41	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	21	30	17	12	3	4	31	36	174645
2020	Indigenous	14	20	31	19	12	2	2	32	36	7537
2020	First Nations	12	19	32	19	14	2	2	34	33	3315
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	11	14	28	22	18	5	2	43	27	246
2020	Métis	15	22	30	18	11	2	2	30	39	3789
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	20	32	20	12	2	2	33	33	178134
2019	Indigenous	16	21	29	17	12	2	2	30	39	8012
2019	First Nations	15	21	28	17	13	3	2	32	39	3468
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	12	29	20	17	4	3	40	28	291
2019	Métis	17	22	30	16	11	2	2	28	40	4014
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	22	31	17	11	2	2	30	38	170942
2018	Indigenous	19	23	29	16	9	2	2	26	43	7201
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	24	31	16	9	2	2	25	42	151232

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	14	33	26	17	1	2	44	22	6865
2022	First Nations	6	13	34	26	18	1	2	45	20	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	18	30	25	16	2	3	43	25	235
2022	Métis	7	15	33	26	16	1	2	43	23	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	13	32	27	18	1	3	46	20	174795
2020	Indigenous	9	18	35	24	12	1	1	36	28	7564
2020	First Nations	9	16	36	26	13	1	1	39	25	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	6	17	32	24	19	2	0	44	24	249
2020	Métis	9	20	35	23	10	1	1	34	30	3801
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	17	36	26	13	1	1	39	24	178671
2019	Indigenous	12	19	32	22	13	1	1	35	32	8020
2019	First Nations	12	19	31	22	14	1	1	37	32	3470
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	20	29	20	15	1	1	36	34	291
2019	Métis	13	19	33	22	11	1	1	34	33	4020
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	19	33	23	13	1	1	37	29	171299

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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	27	16	9	9	6	5	61	21	6870
2022	First Nations	30	26	16	8	9	6	5	63	19	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	39	15	8	8	4	2	68	17	240
2022	Métis	27	26	16	10	9	6	5	60	22	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	30	29	15	7	6	7	6	68	15	174845
2020	Indigenous	26	27	18	11	10	5	3	58	22	7568
2020	First Nations	28	26	19	10	10	5	3	59	21	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	26	32	20	9	5	4	4	63	15	249
2020	Métis	24	29	18	12	10	4	3	57	24	3805
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	30	17	8	6	6	4	65	16	178708
2019	Indigenous	27	27	17	12	11	4	2	57	24	8024
2019	First Nations	28	27	16	11	11	4	3	59	23	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	33	16	8	8	3	2	66	17	293
2019	Métis	26	27	18	13	11	4	2	55	26	4026
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	30	16	10	7	5	3	64	18	171327
2018	Indigenous	20	29	20	12	13	4	2	52	27	7219
2018	Non-Indigenous	22	33	19	11	8	5	3	59	21	151272

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	24	7	9	9	1	75	17	6870
2022	First Nations	52	24	6	9	8	1	77	17	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	30	6	8	8	1	78	16	240
2022	Métis	49	24	8	9	9	1	74	18	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	27	7	6	5	1	82	11	174850
2020	Indigenous	44	25	10	10	10	1	70	20	7560
2020	First Nations	45	26	10	9	10	1	71	19	3329
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	20	12	9	9	1	70	18	247
2020	Métis	43	25	9	11	10	1	69	21	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	28	9	8	5	1	78	13	178463
2019	Indigenous	41	27	10	10	10	1	69	21	8024
2019	First Nations	42	26	10	10	10	1	69	21	3477
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	24	12	9	7	0	72	16	290
2019	Métis	40	27	11	10	10	1	68	21	4017
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	29	9	9	6	1	75	15	171194
2018	Indigenous	35	29	11	12	13	1	64	25	7206
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	31	10	10	7	1	72	18	150990

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	27	7	7	5	81	12	6870
2022	First Nations	56	26	7	6	5	82	11	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	27	8	7	5	80	12	240
2022	Métis	52	28	7	7	5	81	12	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	59	28	5	4	2	88	7	174870
2020	Indigenous	48	29	9	9	5	78	14	7539
2020	First Nations	50	28	9	9	5	78	13	3317
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	55	23	11	8	2	78	10	247
2020	Métis	46	31	9	9	5	77	14	3790
2020	Non-Indigenous	55	30	6	5	2	86	8	177994
2019	Indigenous	43	32	9	9	6	75	16	8025
2019	First Nations	44	30	9	10	6	74	16	3473
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	28	6	8	5	81	13	293
2019	Métis	42	33	9	9	6	75	15	4019
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	33	7	7	3	82	10	171135
2018	Indigenous	38	35	10	10	6	73	17	7215
2018	Non-Indigenous	44	36	8	7	4	81	10	150986

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	31	11	6	5	2	0	78	10	6875
2022	First Nations	48	29	11	6	5	2	0	79	10	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	32	14	5	3	2	0	78	8	240
2022	Métis	44	32	11	6	5	2	0	78	11	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	33	9	4	2	2	0	84	6	174895
2020	Indigenous	41	33	13	7	5	2	0	75	12	7526
2020	First Nations	42	32	13	7	4	2	0	75	11	3316
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	29	12	9	2	1	0	77	12	248
2020	Métis	40	33	13	7	5	2	0	75	12	3776
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	35	11	4	2	1	0	82	7	177463
2019	Indigenous	37	35	14	7	5	1	0	73	13	8027
2019	First Nations	39	33	13	7	5	2	0	74	13	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	33	14	6	4	0	1	75	10	292
2019	Métis	35	36	14	8	5	1	0	72	13	4027
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	36	12	5	3	1	0	80	8	171407
2018	Indigenous	32	37	15	7	6	1	0	70	14	7221
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	40	13	5	3	1	0	78	9	151227

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	26	9	7	7	4	2	75	15	6870
2022	First Nations	46	26	8	8	7	4	2	76	16	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	31	11	4	6	5	2	78	10	240
2022	Métis	45	25	10	7	7	5	2	75	14	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	26	10	5	4	7	5	78	10	174975

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	25	10	8	7	4	2	72	17	6875
2022	First Nations	42	26	9	9	8	4	2	72	18	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	31	12	6	7	5	3	73	14	240
2022	Métis	43	25	11	8	6	5	2	73	16	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	26	11	5	4	7	5	77	11	174990

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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	25	13	5	4	1	5	76	9	6870
2022	First Nations	49	24	13	4	3	2	6	78	8	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	30	10	5	4	1	4	80	9	240
2022	Métis	45	25	14	5	5	1	5	75	10	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	27	12	4	3	1	6	80	7	174945
2020	Indigenous	45	24	15	5	5	1	4	73	11	7563
2020	First Nations	46	23	15	6	5	1	4	73	11	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	19	14	6	5	1	5	73	12	246
2020	Métis	45	24	15	5	5	2	4	73	11	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	26	14	4	3	1	4	78	7	178695
2019	Indigenous	42	25	17	6	5	1	4	71	11	8040
2019	First Nations	42	25	17	6	5	1	4	71	11	3475
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	24	13	6	5	0	3	75	11	294
2019	Métis	42	25	17	5	5	1	4	71	11	4032
2019	Non-Indigenous	45	27	15	5	3	1	4	76	8	171563

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	29	10	8	7	0	1	75	15	6870
2022	First Nations	48	27	10	7	6	0	1	76	13	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	31	11	6	3	0	2	79	10	240
2022	Métis	43	30	10	9	7	0	1	73	16	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	31	10	7	5	0	0	79	12	174995
2020	Indigenous	45	27	12	8	7	0	0	72	16	7567
2020	First Nations	46	27	12	8	7	0	0	74	14	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	28	10	7	4	0	0	79	11	248
2020	Métis	43	27	13	8	8	0	0	71	16	3805
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	11	7	4	1	1	77	12	178617
2019	Indigenous	41	28	14	9	7	1	0	70	16	8036
2019	First Nations	43	28	13	8	7	0	1	72	15	3479
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	10	8	7	0	0	75	15	292
2019	Métis	40	28	14	10	8	1	0	68	18	4027
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	31	13	8	5	1	1	74	13	171490
2018	Indigenous	35	32	13	10	9	1	0	68	19	7204
2018	Non-Indigenous	37	35	12	9	6	1	0	73	15	150957

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	53	21	11	6	6	2	1	77	12	6865
2022	First Nations	55	21	11	5	5	2	1	78	10	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	20	8	5	6	2	2	80	11	240
2022	Métis	52	21	11	6	7	1	1	75	13	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	24	11	4	4	2	1	80	9	174855
2020	Indigenous	49	23	13	6	7	2	1	73	13	7556
2020	First Nations	50	22	13	5	6	1	1	75	12	3321
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	54	18	15	4	5	1	2	75	10	248
2020	Métis	47	23	14	6	7	2	1	72	14	3801
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	24	13	5	4	2	2	77	10	178416

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	27	9	7	6	1	1	77	13	6865
2022	First Nations	51	27	8	7	5	1	1	79	12	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	31	7	6	5	2	3	82	11	235
2022	Métis	48	27	10	7	6	1	1	76	14	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	30	9	6	4	1	1	82	9	174680
2020	Indigenous	46	27	12	7	7	0	1	74	14	7568
2020	First Nations	47	26	12	7	7	0	1	75	13	3325
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	24	12	8	4	0	1	75	13	249
2020	Métis	45	28	12	7	7	1	1	73	14	3809
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	30	10	6	4	1	1	80	10	178728
2019	Indigenous	44	28	12	8	7	1	1	73	15	8010
2019	First Nations	45	28	12	7	7	1	1	74	14	3466
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	9	10	5	2	0	76	15	293
2019	Métis	42	29	12	9	7	1	0	72	16	4012
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	31	10	7	5	1	0	78	12	170905
2018	Indigenous	39	29	12	10	9	1	0	69	19	7175
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	33	11	8	5	1	0	76	13	150447

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	19	7	3	5	2	4	83	9	6875
2022	First Nations	61	19	8	3	5	2	4	84	8	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	19	9	3	4	3	5	82	8	240
2022	Métis	58	19	7	4	6	2	4	82	10	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	20	6	3	3	2	4	87	6	175015

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	22	9	6	5	0	0	79	12	6875
2022	First Nations	58	22	9	6	5	1	0	80	11	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	55	22	12	5	3	0	2	79	8	240
2022	Métis	56	22	9	6	6	0	0	78	12	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	57	25	8	5	4	0	0	83	9	174990
2020	Indigenous	55	22	10	6	6	0	0	78	12	7574
2020	First Nations	56	23	10	5	5	0	0	79	11	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	9	8	2	0	0	81	10	250
2020	Métis	54	22	10	7	6	0	1	77	13	3809
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	25	9	5	4	0	0	82	9	179044
2019	Indigenous	50	26	11	6	6	0	0	77	13	8045
2019	First Nations	52	25	10	6	6	0	0	78	12	3478
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	22	10	8	5	0	0	78	13	294
2019	Métis	49	26	11	6	6	1	0	76	13	4033
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	28	10	6	4	0	0	80	11	171644
2018	Indigenous	45	26	12	8	9	0	0	71	17	7202
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	28	11	7	6	0	0	76	13	150839

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	80	8	4	1	2	0	4	93	3	6875
2022	First Nations	82	8	4	1	1	0	4	94	2	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	12	5	1	3	2	6	90	5	240
2022	Métis	80	8	4	2	2	0	4	92	4	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	82	10	3	1	1	0	3	95	3	175075
2019	Indigenous	77	10	6	1	2	0	4	91	4	8001
2019	First Nations	77	10	6	1	2	0	4	91	3	3458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	72	12	8	1	3	0	3	87	5	294
2019	Métis	77	10	5	1	2	0	4	91	4	4009
2019	Non-Indigenous	80	10	4	1	2	0	3	93	3	170896

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Senior Management

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	26	13	8	10	6	0	67	19	6870
2022	First Nations	40	25	13	8	8	6	0	70	16	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	26	11	12	8	7	0	67	21	240
2022	Métis	36	25	13	8	11	6	0	66	21	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	28	13	7	6	8	0	72	14	175015
2020	Indigenous	37	26	14	8	9	6	0	67	18	7570
2020	First Nations	40	25	14	8	7	6	0	69	16	3328
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	24	11	8	5	6	1	74	14	247
2020	Métis	35	27	13	8	10	5	0	66	20	3808
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	29	13	7	5	7	0	73	13	178997
2019	Indigenous	32	28	15	10	10	5	0	64	20	8023
2019	First Nations	34	28	16	9	8	5	0	65	19	3468
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	24	10	9	6	5	0	73	16	293
2019	Métis	30	29	15	10	11	5	0	62	22	4024
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	31	15	8	6	6	0	68	16	171336
2018	Indigenous	28	28	16	11	12	5	0	58	25	7252
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	31	17	9	8	6	0	64	18	151661

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	27	14	10	12	3	0	62	24	6870
2022	First Nations	36	28	14	9	10	3	0	66	20	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	23	14	11	11	4	0	62	24	240
2022	Métis	32	26	14	12	14	3	0	60	26	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	30	15	10	9	3	0	65	20	174970
2020	Indigenous	34	28	14	10	11	2	0	64	22	7561
2020	First Nations	37	29	14	9	9	2	0	67	19	3325
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	22	11	11	7	3	1	71	18	248
2020	Métis	32	28	15	11	12	2	0	62	23	3801
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	31	14	9	7	2	0	69	17	178531
2019	Indigenous	30	28	16	11	12	2	0	60	24	8011
2019	First Nations	32	29	16	11	10	3	0	62	22	3465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	26	11	10	6	3	0	72	17	292
2019	Métis	28	29	16	12	13	2	0	58	26	4016
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	32	17	12	9	3	0	62	21	171000
2018	Indigenous	25	28	16	14	15	2	0	54	29	7238
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	31	18	13	10	2	0	58	24	151281

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	26	16	14	14	5	53	29	6870
2022	First Nations	27	27	17	14	11	5	57	26	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	25	18	12	12	6	55	25	240
2022	Métis	23	25	16	14	16	5	52	32	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	28	17	13	11	6	56	26	174950
2020	Indigenous	26	29	16	13	12	4	57	26	7547
2020	First Nations	28	30	17	12	10	4	60	23	3315
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	30	14	11	8	5	65	20	249
2020	Métis	24	29	16	15	13	3	55	28	3795
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	32	17	12	8	5	61	21	178501
2019	Indigenous	22	28	17	15	13	5	52	30	7999
2019	First Nations	23	28	18	15	12	5	54	28	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	29	11	12	7	6	68	21	293
2019	Métis	20	27	18	15	14	4	50	31	4004
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	30	20	15	10	5	53	26	170816
2018	Indigenous	18	27	19	17	16	4	46	34	7221
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	29	21	16	12	5	49	30	151177

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	29	14	15	15	3	55	31	6875
2022	First Nations	27	29	14	15	12	2	58	28	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	25	15	13	15	5	55	30	240
2022	Métis	23	28	14	16	16	3	53	33	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	31	15	14	11	3	58	26	175015
2020	Indigenous	25	30	15	15	13	2	56	29	7573
2020	First Nations	27	30	16	14	11	2	58	25	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	27	13	12	10	3	64	22	249
2020	Métis	23	30	14	16	15	2	54	32	3810
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	34	15	14	9	2	61	23	178878
2019	Indigenous	21	28	16	18	15	3	50	34	8006
2019	First Nations	22	28	17	17	14	3	51	32	3460
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	26	11	11	12	6	63	25	293
2019	Métis	19	28	16	19	16	3	48	36	4015
2019	Non-Indigenous	19	31	18	17	12	3	52	29	171145
2018	Indigenous	16	27	17	18	19	3	45	38	7241
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	31	18	18	14	3	48	33	151480

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	18	10	6	6	17	7	70	16	6875
2022	First Nations	36	18	10	5	5	17	8	72	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	23	10	9	5	11	11	69	18	240
2022	Métis	35	17	11	6	7	17	6	68	18	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	42	22	12	5	4	12	5	76	10	175050
2020	Indigenous	32	17	12	7	9	17	6	64	20	7570
2020	First Nations	32	17	12	7	8	18	6	65	20	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	18	13	3	7	18	9	69	14	249
2020	Métis	33	17	12	7	9	16	5	64	20	3806
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	21	12	5	4	12	4	74	12	178952
2019	Indigenous	33	16	12	8	9	17	5	64	21	8043
2019	First Nations	33	15	11	8	9	18	5	63	22	3476
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	20	11	7	7	13	5	70	17	294
2019	Métis	33	17	12	8	9	17	4	64	21	4033
2019	Non-Indigenous	40	21	12	6	5	13	3	73	13	171688

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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	39	15	10	7	1	0	68	17	6865
2022	First Nations	30	40	14	9	6	1	0	70	15	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	38	17	9	3	2	0	70	12	240
2022	Métis	28	38	15	10	7	1	0	67	18	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	42	15	9	5	1	0	72	13	174890
2020	Indigenous	30	38	16	9	5	1	0	69	14	7567
2020	First Nations	32	39	16	8	5	1	0	72	12	3322
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	35	14	7	3	0	1	75	11	250
2020	Métis	28	38	16	10	6	1	0	68	16	3807
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	42	15	7	3	1	0	74	11	178800
2019	Indigenous	28	38	18	10	5	1	0	66	16	8039
2019	First Nations	29	37	18	10	5	1	0	67	15	3478
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	31	37	15	10	4	2	0	70	15	293
2019	Métis	27	39	18	10	5	1	0	66	16	4030
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	42	17	9	4	1	0	70	13	171531
2018	Indigenous	24	38	18	12	7	1	0	63	19	7208
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	42	18	10	5	1	0	67	15	151251

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	31	18	18	13	2	50	32	6870
2022	First Nations	20	31	18	17	12	2	52	29	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	19	40	16	15	8	2	61	23	240
2022	Métis	17	30	18	19	14	2	48	34	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	33	18	17	11	2	52	29	174895
2020	Indigenous	21	33	18	16	10	2	56	26	7532
2020	First Nations	24	32	18	15	8	2	57	24	3316
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	32	32	18	10	6	1	65	17	248
2020	Métis	19	34	17	17	11	2	54	29	3781
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	37	19	15	7	2	59	22	177893
2019	Indigenous	17	30	19	19	12	2	49	32	8014
2019	First Nations	18	31	19	19	11	2	50	31	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	32	15	15	9	4	60	25	291
2019	Métis	16	30	20	20	13	2	47	33	4015
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	33	21	18	9	3	50	29	170837

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	33	12	10	8	3	1	68	19	6870
2022	First Nations	35	33	11	10	7	3	1	71	18	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	33	11	9	6	5	0	73	16	240
2022	Métis	32	32	12	10	10	3	1	67	20	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	36	13	9	5	3	1	71	15	174890
2020	Indigenous	35	32	13	10	7	2	1	69	18	7551
2020	First Nations	37	32	13	8	6	2	1	71	15	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	27	12	10	6	2	1	72	16	249
2020	Métis	34	32	12	11	8	2	0	68	20	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	36	13	8	4	3	1	73	13	178598
2019	Indigenous	33	32	14	11	8	2	1	66	19	8029
2019	First Nations	33	32	14	10	8	3	1	67	19	3471
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	25	13	9	6	4	0	71	16	293
2019	Métis	32	32	14	12	8	2	1	65	20	4026
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	36	14	9	5	2	1	71	15	171335
2018	Indigenous	31	34	13	11	8	2	1	67	20	7221
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	38	14	9	5	2	1	71	15	151289

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	33	15	8	8	1	68	16	6870
2022	First Nations	36	34	15	8	6	1	70	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	37	14	7	4	2	75	10	240
2022	Métis	34	32	16	8	9	2	67	17	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	36	16	6	4	2	73	11	174845
2020	Indigenous	35	32	16	9	7	1	68	16	7551
2020	First Nations	37	32	16	8	6	1	70	14	3315
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	31	15	6	4	1	74	11	249
2020	Métis	34	32	16	9	7	1	67	17	3800
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	36	16	6	3	2	74	9	178253
2019	Indigenous	32	32	18	10	7	1	64	17	8012
2019	First Nations	33	32	18	9	7	1	65	16	3461
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	26	16	10	7	1	66	17	294
2019	Métis	30	33	18	10	8	1	64	18	4020
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	37	18	7	5	1	70	12	171036
2018	Indigenous	28	33	19	10	9	1	62	19	7203
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	38	18	8	5	1	69	13	150901

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	22	15	12	16	8	2	52	31	6875
2022	First Nations	26	23	15	11	14	8	2	55	28	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	19	12	14	11	14	2	56	30	240
2022	Métis	24	22	16	13	17	7	2	50	33	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	25	17	11	10	11	3	57	24	174960
2020	Indigenous	24	23	16	13	16	6	1	51	32	7561
2020	First Nations	26	24	16	12	14	7	1	54	29	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	36	21	15	7	13	7	1	62	22	248
2020	Métis	23	22	16	14	18	6	1	49	35	3800
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	25	18	12	10	9	2	56	24	178507
2019	Indigenous	21	22	17	15	17	7	2	47	35	8026
2019	First Nations	23	22	17	14	16	7	2	49	32	3475
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	21	19	10	13	6	0	54	25	292
2019	Métis	19	22	17	16	19	7	1	45	37	4020
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	25	19	13	12	8	2	51	28	171321
2018	Indigenous	18	23	17	16	20	6	1	43	38	7228
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	25	19	14	13	8	2	48	30	151275

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	30	14	12	12	2	0	61	24	6875
2022	First Nations	32	30	14	11	10	2	0	64	22	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	34	14	7	9	2	0	69	17	240
2022	Métis	30	28	15	12	13	2	0	60	25	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	33	15	11	9	3	0	64	20	175045
2020	Indigenous	28	28	16	12	12	3	0	58	25	7561
2020	First Nations	30	28	16	11	11	3	1	60	23	3321
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	25	14	7	9	2	0	69	17	249
2020	Métis	26	29	16	14	13	3	0	56	27	3805
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	33	17	12	8	3	0	62	21	178409
2019	Indigenous	26	28	16	14	14	2	0	55	29	8022
2019	First Nations	27	28	15	14	13	3	0	57	28	3468
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	24	14	10	12	3	0	62	23	294
2019	Métis	24	28	16	15	14	2	0	53	30	4021
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	32	17	14	11	2	0	57	25	171275
2018	Indigenous	20	28	17	15	17	2	0	50	33	7233
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	32	18	15	12	2	0	54	28	151215

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	25	14	6	6	1	4	73	12	6875
2022	First Nations	46	25	13	5	6	1	4	75	11	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	28	10	8	6	2	4	74	15	240
2022	Métis	44	24	15	6	6	1	4	71	13	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	23	12	5	5	1	5	77	10	175005
2020	Indigenous	47	23	13	7	5	1	3	74	12	7579
2020	First Nations	48	23	14	6	5	1	3	75	11	3333
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	47	26	10	8	4	2	3	77	12	249
2020	Métis	47	23	13	8	5	1	3	73	13	3809
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	22	13	6	4	1	4	77	10	179069
2019	Indigenous	47	24	15	6	4	1	3	74	11	8032
2019	First Nations	46	24	15	6	4	1	4	73	11	3472
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	46	23	14	5	5	2	5	74	11	292
2019	Métis	48	24	14	6	4	1	3	74	11	4029
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	24	13	5	3	1	4	78	8	171431

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	46	21	14	7	7	2	3	71	14	6875
2022	First Nations	49	21	14	6	5	2	3	74	12	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	18	17	7	5	2	5	70	12	240
2022	Métis	45	21	14	7	7	2	3	70	15	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	48	23	13	6	5	2	4	75	11	174955
2020	Indigenous	45	22	15	7	6	1	3	70	14	7569
2020	First Nations	46	23	15	7	5	2	2	72	13	3325
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	25	17	6	3	2	3	72	10	250
2020	Métis	44	22	16	8	6	1	3	69	15	3807
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	24	14	6	4	1	3	75	11	178811
2019	Indigenous	42	23	16	8	6	2	3	68	15	8025
2019	First Nations	42	23	17	7	6	2	4	69	14	3473
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	21	18	7	6	2	4	67	13	293
2019	Métis	42	23	16	8	7	2	3	68	16	4019
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	24	16	7	5	2	4	72	12	171126

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	11	6	3	5	4	4	85	9	6870
2022	First Nations	68	11	5	3	5	4	4	86	9	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	11	9	4	4	6	3	82	8	240
2022	Métis	69	10	6	3	5	3	4	85	9	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	72	8	4	2	3	4	6	90	5	174895
2020	Indigenous	67	11	7	3	5	3	3	83	9	7546
2020	First Nations	65	11	7	4	5	4	3	83	10	3315
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	68	11	5	3	5	4	3	85	9	250
2020	Métis	69	11	7	3	4	3	3	84	8	3794
2020	Non-Indigenous	74	9	5	2	2	3	4	90	5	178326
2019	Indigenous	65	11	7	4	5	4	4	82	10	8010
2019	First Nations	62	11	8	4	6	5	4	81	10	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	12	8	3	5	6	3	82	9	291
2019	Métis	68	11	6	4	5	3	3	84	10	4010
2019	Non-Indigenous	72	9	5	2	3	4	4	89	6	170773

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	11	5	2	4	2	9	87	7	6870
2022	First Nations	68	10	5	2	3	2	9	88	6	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	63	14	7	2	2	4	7	87	5	240
2022	Métis	67	11	4	3	5	2	9	87	8	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	9	4	2	2	2	11	91	4	174915
2020	Indigenous	67	12	6	3	4	2	6	86	7	7555
2020	First Nations	67	12	6	3	3	2	6	86	7	3321
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	67	11	7	2	3	3	7	87	5	249
2020	Métis	68	12	6	3	4	2	6	86	7	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	73	10	4	2	2	2	7	91	4	178520
2019	Indigenous	69	9	6	2	3	3	8	87	6	8008
2019	First Nations	67	10	5	3	4	3	9	87	7	3460
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	73	8	5	2	3	4	6	89	6	293
2019	Métis	71	9	6	2	3	2	7	88	6	4015
2019	Non-Indigenous	75	7	3	1	2	2	9	93	4	170759

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	31	11	13	16	3	2	59	29	6875
2022	First Nations	26	31	13	11	15	3	2	60	27	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	30	11	12	16	3	3	59	29	240
2022	Métis	25	31	11	14	16	3	2	58	31	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	32	12	13	13	3	2	61	27	174975
2020	Indigenous	25	25	15	13	18	2	2	52	32	7566
2020	First Nations	27	24	16	12	17	3	2	53	31	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	25	18	8	12	3	2	60	21	249
2020	Métis	24	25	14	14	19	2	2	51	34	3802
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	28	15	14	13	3	2	55	29	178940
2019	Indigenous	24	25	15	14	20	2	2	50	35	8036
2019	First Nations	25	23	15	14	19	3	2	50	34	3474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	29	13	10	16	4	2	59	27	294
2019	Métis	22	26	15	14	20	2	1	49	35	4029
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	28	15	14	16	2	2	52	32	171676
2018	Indigenous	19	25	15	15	22	2	1	46	39	7226
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	28	16	16	18	2	2	49	35	151290

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	35	16	10	10	3	1	63	20	6880
2022	First Nations	28	35	17	8	8	4	0	65	18	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	31	15	9	7	5	1	67	17	240
2022	Métis	26	35	15	11	11	3	1	63	22	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	38	17	9	6	4	1	66	16	174955
2020	Indigenous	25	37	17	10	8	3	1	64	19	7567
2020	First Nations	26	37	17	10	7	3	0	65	17	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	34	33	16	9	4	3	1	70	13	250
2020	Métis	23	37	17	11	9	3	1	62	20	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	41	17	9	4	4	0	68	14	178601
2019	Indigenous	21	37	18	12	8	4	0	61	21	8037
2019	First Nations	22	37	18	11	8	4	0	62	20	3472
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	39	16	8	7	3	0	68	16	293
2019	Métis	20	37	18	13	9	3	0	59	22	4032
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	40	19	10	5	4	0	63	16	171446
2018	Indigenous	19	33	21	12	12	3	0	53	25	7223
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	36	23	11	8	3	0	58	19	151448

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	31	13	8	8	2	70	17	6875
2022	First Nations	38	32	13	8	7	2	72	15	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	31	10	11	5	1	74	16	240
2022	Métis	37	31	13	8	9	2	69	17	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	36	12	6	5	2	76	11	174975
2020	Indigenous	36	33	13	9	7	2	70	16	7544
2020	First Nations	37	32	13	9	7	2	71	16	3311
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	31	10	7	7	1	75	14	249
2020	Métis	36	33	13	10	7	1	70	17	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	38	12	7	3	2	77	10	177991
2019	Indigenous	35	33	15	9	7	1	69	16	8003
2019	First Nations	35	33	14	9	7	2	69	16	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	10	8	6	1	76	14	291
2019	Métis	34	34	15	9	7	1	69	16	4011
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	38	13	7	4	2	76	11	170761
2018	Indigenous	36	34	14	8	6	1	71	14	7215
2018	Non-Indigenous	39	38	13	5	3	1	79	9	151055

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

A diverse workforce includes persons who have a variety of identities, abilities, backgrounds, cultures, skills, perspectives and experiences.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	33	12	7	4	5	1	75	12	6865
2022	First Nations	38	33	12	7	5	5	0	74	13	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	42	9	4	3	6	1	82	8	240
2022	Métis	39	33	12	7	3	5	1	76	11	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	35	12	5	3	6	1	80	8	174865
2020	Indigenous	40	31	14	6	5	3	1	74	12	7553
2020	First Nations	41	31	13	6	5	3	0	74	12	3320
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	27	15	4	7	3	0	74	11	250
2020	Métis	40	31	15	6	5	2	1	74	11	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	34	13	4	3	4	1	79	7	178389
2019	Indigenous	41	31	15	6	5	2	0	73	12	8008
2019	First Nations	40	31	14	6	6	2	0	73	12	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	24	14	8	5	2	0	72	14	293
2019	Métis	40	31	15	6	4	2	0	74	11	4016
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	34	13	4	3	3	0	79	7	170923
2018	Indigenous	38	33	15	7	5	2	0	72	12	7208
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	36	14	4	3	3	0	79	7	151093

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism. Anti-racism is the conscious opposition to racist theories, attitudes and actions. Anti-racism is not just about being against the idea of racism. It is also about taking active steps to fight against it.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	23	20	7	5	11	1	64	13	6875
2022	First Nations	31	24	22	6	4	11	1	63	12	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	19	26	8	7	13	1	53	17	240
2022	Métis	35	23	19	7	5	11	1	66	13	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	26	19	5	3	12	1	69	9	174985
2020	Indigenous	37	29	17	7	5	4	1	70	12	7569
2020	First Nations	37	29	16	7	5	4	1	70	13	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	28	15	6	6	7	1	71	13	250
2020	Métis	38	29	17	6	4	4	1	71	11	3804
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	32	16	5	3	6	1	76	8	178805

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	28	9	7	7	4	2	76	15	6870
2022	First Nations	45	28	9	7	7	3	1	76	14	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	30	8	8	6	3	1	77	15	240
2022	Métis	44	27	8	7	7	5	2	77	15	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	30	9	5	4	5	3	80	10	174750
2020	Indigenous	44	27	11	8	7	2	1	73	15	7545
2020	First Nations	44	27	11	8	7	2	1	74	15	3318
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	27	7	5	7	1	1	81	12	250
2020	Métis	44	27	11	8	7	2	1	73	15	3791
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	31	10	5	4	4	2	79	9	178300

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Racism refers to any expression of prejudice, discrimination, hostility or violence against people because they appear to belong to a specific race or ethnic group. Racism may show up in individual actions, with conscious awareness or not, and/or in organizational policies or practices.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	10	15	7	38	5	19	59	21	6860
2022	First Nations	8	11	15	8	35	5	17	56	25	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	10	22	3	34	7	17	48	23	240
2022	Métis	5	8	14	7	41	4	20	64	18	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	5	12	7	41	6	25	70	13	174675

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

The Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion in the Federal Public Service is a call to leaders in the Public Service to take deliberate action to address systemic racism and make the Public Service more inclusive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	17	24	5	7	30	4	46	18	6870
2022	First Nations	15	18	22	6	7	28	4	49	18	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	12	24	2	9	35	4	43	17	240
2022	Métis	13	16	25	5	6	31	4	44	17	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	17	22	3	4	37	5	50	12	174835

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	32	7	7	6	0	80	12	6880
2022	First Nations	50	32	8	6	4	0	82	10	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	32	7	6	2	0	85	8	240
2022	Métis	48	31	7	7	7	0	79	14	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	33	7	5	3	0	85	8	175055
2020	Indigenous	48	30	9	7	5	0	79	12	7551
2020	First Nations	49	31	10	6	4	0	80	10	3314
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	23	9	8	3	0	80	11	250
2020	Métis	48	30	9	7	6	0	78	13	3800
2020	Non-Indigenous	53	31	8	4	3	0	85	7	178450
2019	Indigenous	45	31	11	7	6	0	76	13	8032
2019	First Nations	46	30	12	6	6	0	77	12	3470
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	31	5	6	5	1	84	11	294
2019	Métis	44	31	10	8	6	0	76	14	4028
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	34	9	5	3	0	82	8	171359
2018	Indigenous	41	33	12	7	7	0	74	14	7212
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	36	10	5	4	0	81	9	150919

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	29	11	9	9	0	71	18	6875
2022	First Nations	44	30	11	8	7	0	74	16	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	46	31	13	7	3	0	77	10	240
2022	Métis	40	29	12	9	10	0	69	19	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	31	12	8	6	0	75	13	174985
2020	Indigenous	41	28	14	8	8	1	70	16	7548
2020	First Nations	43	28	14	7	7	0	72	14	3321
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	22	11	8	7	1	73	16	249
2020	Métis	39	29	14	8	9	1	68	18	3791
2020	Non-Indigenous	44	31	13	7	5	0	75	12	178224
2019	Indigenous	37	28	16	9	9	1	66	19	8036
2019	First Nations	39	28	16	8	9	1	67	17	3479
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	28	10	9	7	1	73	16	294
2019	Métis	36	28	16	10	10	0	64	20	4025
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	31	15	8	6	1	71	14	171233
2018	Indigenous	33	28	17	10	11	0	61	21	7203
2018	Non-Indigenous	35	32	17	9	7	1	68	16	151029

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	40	31	11	10	8	0	71	18	6875
2022	First Nations	42	31	11	9	7	0	73	16	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	36	10	8	3	0	79	11	240
2022	Métis	38	30	12	10	9	0	69	20	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	41	33	12	9	6	0	74	14	174955
2020	Indigenous	39	31	13	9	7	0	70	16	7516
2020	First Nations	41	31	13	8	6	0	72	14	3301
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	26	12	5	6	1	77	11	247
2020	Métis	37	32	13	9	8	0	69	18	3781
2020	Non-Indigenous	42	33	12	7	4	0	76	12	177502
2019	Indigenous	36	30	15	11	8	0	66	19	7992
2019	First Nations	38	30	14	10	7	0	68	18	3456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	30	11	9	5	0	74	15	293
2019	Métis	34	30	15	11	9	0	64	20	4005
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	34	14	9	6	0	71	15	170616
2018	Indigenous	31	31	17	11	10	0	62	21	7167
2018	Non-Indigenous	33	35	16	10	6	0	68	16	150457

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	22	16	11	10	4	0	61	22	6875
2022	First Nations	38	23	16	10	9	4	0	64	19	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	23	15	9	9	4	1	65	19	240
2022	Métis	35	22	16	13	11	3	0	58	24	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	36	25	16	10	8	4	1	64	19	175030
2020	Indigenous	37	23	17	10	9	3	0	62	21	7561
2020	First Nations	39	22	17	9	9	3	1	64	19	3323
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	44	20	13	9	8	4	1	67	19	248
2020	Métis	36	23	16	11	10	3	0	61	22	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	25	17	9	6	3	1	66	16	178653
2019	Indigenous	33	22	18	12	12	3	0	57	24	8042
2019	First Nations	35	22	18	11	11	3	1	58	23	3478
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	24	16	12	9	3	0	62	21	293
2019	Métis	32	22	18	12	12	3	1	56	25	4032
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	25	18	11	8	3	1	62	20	171581
2018	Indigenous	30	23	19	13	13	3	0	54	26	7218
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	25	19	12	9	3	0	59	21	151306

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Mobility and Retention

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Unsure (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	31	31	6880
2022	First Nations	37	32	31	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	35	32	240
2022	Métis	38	31	31	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	33	29	175065
2020	Indigenous	24	40	36	7584
2020	First Nations	22	40	37	3335
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	42	38	250
2020	Métis	26	39	35	3811
2020	Non-Indigenous	24	42	35	179198
2019	Indigenous	28	35	36	8052
2019	First Nations	26	37	37	3482
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	33	42	294
2019	Métis	30	34	36	4035
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	38	35	171903
2018	Indigenous	27	36	36	7245
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	39	35	151863

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

The question content has been modified from the 2020 PSES, see Question number concordance
In order to make historical trend analysis, Q56 has followed same format as last year. This means Q56_1 is same as Q53 in the 2020 PSES, and Q56_2 is same as Q54 in the 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes, to retire (%)	Yes, to pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	Yes, to pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	Yes, end of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Yes, other reason Specify other reason (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	40	24	6	8	9	2565
2022	First Nations	13	40	24	6	9	8	1085
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	29	32	10	7	11	80
2022	Métis	11	41	24	6	8	10	1305
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	42	23	5	9	7	65440
2020	Indigenous	17	35	30	6	6	7	1895
2020	First Nations	19	33	29	5	5	8	772
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	12	33	33	4	7	11	50
2020	Métis	15	37	30	6	6	6	1029
2020	Non-Indigenous	18	38	28	4	6	6	43482
2019	Indigenous	13	31	28	7	14	8	2312
2019	First Nations	15	29	25	8	15	8	924
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	19	29	5	25	12	77
2019	Métis	12	33	30	6	12	7	1249
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	33	29	6	12	6	46938
2018	Indigenous	15	32	27	9	8	9	2025
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	33	30	6	8	6	40670

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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual.

Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable acts, comments or displays that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	6875
2022	First Nations	17	83	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	15	85	240
2022	Métis	19	81	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	174985
2020	Indigenous	18	82	7574
2020	First Nations	18	82	3328
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	249
2020	Métis	18	82	3810
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	178982
2019	Indigenous	22	78	8033
2019	First Nations	21	79	3474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	18	82	294
2019	Métis	23	77	4024
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	171549
2018	Indigenous	25	75	7246
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	151747

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	51	1150
2022	First Nations	55	45	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	68	32	40
2022	Métis	44	56	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	16220
2020	Indigenous	53	47	1260
2020	First Nations	55	45	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	39	36
2020	Métis	52	48	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	52	17094
2019	Indigenous	55	45	1645
2019	First Nations	60	40	705
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	59	41	54
2019	Métis	51	49	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	51	49	21269
2018	Indigenous	53	47	1652
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	20526

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	62	38	1150
2022	First Nations	59	41	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	51	40
2022	Métis	65	35	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	16220
2020	Indigenous	64	36	1260
2020	First Nations	62	38	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	36
2020	Métis	66	34	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	62	38	17094
2019	Indigenous	62	38	1645
2019	First Nations	64	36	705
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	51	49	54
2019	Métis	62	38	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	40	21269
2018	Indigenous	64	36	1652
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	39	20542

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	1150
2022	First Nations	6	94	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	40
2022	Métis	10	90	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	16220
2020	Indigenous	8	92	1260
2020	First Nations	7	93	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	36
2020	Métis	8	92	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	17094
2019	Indigenous	9	91	1645
2019	Métis	9	91	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	21269
2018	Indigenous	8	92	1648
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	20508

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	1150
2022	First Nations	7	93	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	40
2022	Métis	13	87	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	16220
2020	Indigenous	7	93	1260
2020	First Nations	5	95	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	36
2020	Métis	9	91	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	17094
2019	Indigenous	8	92	1645
2019	Métis	9	91	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	21269
2018	Indigenous	9	91	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	20507

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	1150
2022	First Nations	10	90	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	82	40
2022	Métis	11	89	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	16220
2020	Indigenous	10	90	1260
2020	Métis	9	91	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	17094
2019	Indigenous	9	91	1645
2019	First Nations	10	90	705
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	18	82	54
2019	Métis	8	92	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	21269
2018	Indigenous	9	91	1648
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	20508

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	1150
2022	First Nations	13	87	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	79	40
2022	Métis	14	86	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	16220
2020	Indigenous	11	89	1260
2020	Métis	10	90	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	17094
2019	Indigenous	12	88	1645
2019	First Nations	12	88	705
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	54
2019	Métis	10	90	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	21269
2018	Indigenous	11	89	1651
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	20521

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	1150
2022	First Nations	5	95	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	40
2022	Métis	6	94	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	16220
2020	Indigenous	6	94	1260
2020	Métis	5	95	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	17094
2019	Indigenous	5	95	1645
2019	First Nations	5	95	705
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	54
2019	Métis	4	96	834
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	21269
2018	Indigenous	6	94	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	20505

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	1150
2022	First Nations	37	63	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	74	40
2022	Métis	44	56	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	37	63	16245
2020	Indigenous	41	59	1260
2020	First Nations	40	60	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	67	36
2020	Métis	43	57	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	61	17093
2019	Indigenous	42	58	1624
2019	First Nations	43	57	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	66	54
2019	Métis	41	59	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	21055
2018	Indigenous	40	60	1651
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	20518

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	56	1150
2022	First Nations	42	58	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	63	40
2022	Métis	48	52	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	39	61	16245
2020	Indigenous	45	55	1260
2020	First Nations	44	56	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	36
2020	Métis	45	55	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	40	60	17093
2019	Indigenous	43	57	1624
2019	First Nations	42	58	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	65	54
2019	Métis	44	56	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	39	61	21055
2018	Indigenous	42	58	1651
2018	Non-Indigenous	40	60	20507

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	48	1150
2022	First Nations	49	51	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	39	40
2022	Métis	53	47	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	45	55	16245
2020	Indigenous	52	48	1260
2020	First Nations	51	49	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	37	36
2020	Métis	52	48	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	47	53	17093
2019	Indigenous	52	48	1624
2019	First Nations	53	47	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	48	54
2019	Métis	51	49	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	46	54	21055
2018	Indigenous	53	47	1651
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	20508

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	1150
2022	First Nations	38	62	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	47	53	40
2022	Métis	47	53	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	16245
2020	Indigenous	47	53	1260
2020	First Nations	48	52	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	41	59	36
2020	Métis	46	54	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	43	57	17093
2019	Indigenous	44	56	1624
2019	First Nations	44	56	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	51	54
2019	Métis	43	57	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	41	59	21055
2018	Indigenous	45	55	1652
2018	Non-Indigenous	41	59	20514

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	65	1150
2022	First Nations	35	65	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	40
2022	Métis	36	64	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	16245
2020	Indigenous	37	63	1260
2020	First Nations	36	64	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	48	52	36
2020	Métis	37	63	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	67	17093
2019	Indigenous	35	65	1624
2019	First Nations	35	65	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	71	54
2019	Métis	35	65	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	69	21055
2018	Indigenous	37	63	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	32	68	20501

Question 59f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	59	41	1150
2022	First Nations	60	40	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	33	40
2022	Métis	59	41	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	16245
2020	Indigenous	56	44	1260
2020	First Nations	59	41	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	51	49	36
2020	Métis	55	45	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	54	46	17093
2019	Indigenous	58	42	1624
2019	First Nations	58	42	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	38	54
2019	Métis	59	41	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	55	45	21055
2018	Indigenous	58	42	1654
2018	Non-Indigenous	55	45	20527

Question 59g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	1150
2022	First Nations	34	66	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	45	55	40
2022	Métis	42	58	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	66	16245
2020	Indigenous	41	59	1260
2020	First Nations	41	59	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	63	36
2020	Métis	41	59	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	37	63	17093
2019	Indigenous	40	60	1624
2019	First Nations	37	63	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	71	54
2019	Métis	41	59	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	35	65	21055
2018	Indigenous	39	61	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	20510

Question 59h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	1150
2022	First Nations	2	98	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	40
2022	Métis	6	94	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	16245
2020	Indigenous	4	96	1260
2020	First Nations	2	98	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	36
2020	Métis	7	93	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	17093
2019	Indigenous	4	96	1624
2019	Métis	5	95	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	21055
2018	Indigenous	3	97	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	20490

Question 59i. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Sexual comment or gesture
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	1150
2022	First Nations	10	90	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	40
2022	Métis	11	89	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	16245
2020	Indigenous	10	90	1260
2020	Métis	11	89	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	17093
2019	Indigenous	11	89	1624
2019	First Nations	11	89	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	54
2019	Métis	10	90	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	21055
2018	Indigenous	11	89	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	20503

Question 59j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Threat
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	1150
2022	First Nations	14	86	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	40
2022	Métis	14	86	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	16245
2020	Indigenous	14	86	1260
2020	Métis	14	86	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	17093
2019	Indigenous	13	87	1624
2019	First Nations	12	88	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	54
2019	Métis	13	87	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	21055
2018	Indigenous	15	85	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	20500

Question 59k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	44	1150
2022	First Nations	50	50	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	49	40
2022	Métis	59	41	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	16245
2020	Indigenous	57	43	1260
2020	First Nations	54	46	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	61	39	36
2020	Métis	59	41	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	17093
2019	Indigenous	53	47	1624
2019	First Nations	52	48	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	52	48	54
2019	Métis	52	48	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	52	21055
2018	Indigenous	54	46	1656
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	52	20509

Question 59l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	1150
2022	First Nations	21	79	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	23	77	40
2022	Métis	30	70	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	16245
2020	Indigenous	26	74	1260
2020	First Nations	26	74	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	76	36
2020	Métis	26	74	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	25	75	17093
2019	Indigenous	26	74	1624
2019	First Nations	26	74	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	54
2019	Métis	27	73	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	21055
2018	Indigenous	29	71	1651
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	20511

Question 59m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	20	80	1150
2022	First Nations	22	78	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	79	40
2022	Métis	20	80	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	16245
2020	Indigenous	20	80	1260
2020	First Nations	21	79	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	36
2020	Métis	19	81	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	17093
2019	Indigenous	18	82	1624
2019	First Nations	18	82	695
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	19	81	54
2019	Métis	17	83	824
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	21055
2018	Indigenous	17	83	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	20499

Question 60a. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	51	49	1150
2022	First Nations	52	48	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	42	40
2022	Métis	51	49	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	16255
2020	Indigenous	53	47	1260
2020	First Nations	56	44	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	43	36
2020	Métis	51	49	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	51	49	17094
2019	Indigenous	53	47	1616
2019	First Nations	52	48	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	49	51	54
2019	Métis	54	46	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	48	20937
2018	Indigenous	50	50	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	51	49	20526

Question 60b. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? …I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	1150
2022	First Nations	23	77	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	69	40
2022	Métis	26	74	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	77	16255
2020	Indigenous	29	71	1260
2020	First Nations	29	71	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	36
2020	Métis	30	70	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	17094
2019	Indigenous	28	72	1616
2019	First Nations	26	74	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	28	72	54
2019	Métis	29	71	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	20937
2018	Indigenous	30	70	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	20512

Question 60c. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	1150
2022	First Nations	8	92	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	40
2022	Métis	10	90	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	16255
2020	Indigenous	10	90	1260
2020	Métis	9	91	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	17094
2019	Indigenous	9	91	1616
2019	First Nations	8	92	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	54
2019	Métis	9	91	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	20937
2018	Indigenous	8	92	1647
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	20501

Question 60d. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	79	1150
2022	First Nations	17	83	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	40
2022	Métis	23	77	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	16255
2020	Indigenous	28	72	1260
2020	First Nations	28	72	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	79	36
2020	Métis	28	72	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	17094
2019	Indigenous	26	74	1616
2019	First Nations	24	76	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	54
2019	Métis	28	72	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	20937
2018	Indigenous	25	75	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	20509

Question 60e. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	1150
2022	First Nations	8	92	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	40
2022	Métis	13	87	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	16255
2020	Indigenous	13	87	1260
2020	First Nations	13	87	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	36
2020	Métis	13	87	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	17094
2019	Indigenous	11	89	1616
2019	First Nations	9	91	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	54
2019	Métis	12	88	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	20937
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1648
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	20501

Question 60f. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	1150
2022	First Nations	8	92	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	40
2022	Métis	10	90	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	16255
2020	Indigenous	11	89	1260
2020	Métis	10	90	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	17094
2019	Indigenous	9	91	1616
2019	First Nations	10	90	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	54
2019	Métis	9	91	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	20937
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1648
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	20504

Question 60g. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	1150
2022	First Nations	10	90	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	40
2022	Métis	13	87	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	16255
2020	Indigenous	13	87	1260
2020	First Nations	12	88	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	78	36
2020	Métis	13	87	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	17094
2019	Indigenous	16	84	1616
2019	First Nations	19	81	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	54
2019	Métis	14	86	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	20937
2018	Indigenous	16	84	1649
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	20503

Question 60h. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	1150
2022	First Nations	10	90	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	40
2022	Métis	14	86	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	16255
2020	Indigenous	13	87	1260
2020	Métis	13	87	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	17094
2019	Indigenous	12	88	1616
2019	Métis	15	85	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	20937
2018	Indigenous	11	89	1647
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	20501

Question 60i. What actions did you take to address the harassment you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	1150
2022	First Nations	30	70	470
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	66	40
2022	Métis	25	75	570
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	16255
2020	Indigenous	26	74	1260
2020	First Nations	24	76	562
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	24	76	36
2020	Métis	26	74	628
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	17094
2019	Indigenous	24	76	1616
2019	First Nations	25	75	694
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	65	54
2019	Métis	24	76	817
2019	Non-Indigenous	26	74	20937
2018	Indigenous	26	74	1650
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	20518

Question 61a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	1040
2022	First Nations	9	91	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	94	35
2022	Métis	6	94	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	14960
2020	Indigenous	11	89	1126
2020	Métis	11	89	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	15910
2019	Indigenous	13	87	1471
2019	First Nations	14	86	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	85	49
2019	Métis	11	89	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	19509
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	19196

Question 61b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	1040
2022	First Nations	16	84	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	71	35
2022	Métis	18	82	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	14960
2020	Indigenous	14	86	1126
2020	Métis	14	86	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	15910
2019	Indigenous	17	83	1471
2019	First Nations	16	84	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	30	70	49
2019	Métis	16	84	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	19509
2018	Indigenous	16	84	1498
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	19194

Question 61c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	1040
2022	First Nations	7	93	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	2	98	35
2022	Métis	4	96	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	14960
2020	Indigenous	8	92	1126
2020	Métis	8	92	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	15910
2019	Indigenous	10	90	1471
2019	First Nations	12	88	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	78	49
2019	Métis	7	93	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19509
2018	Indigenous	9	91	1496
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19190

Question 61d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	1040
2022	First Nations	4	96	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	2	98	35
2022	Métis	6	94	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	14960
2020	Indigenous	6	94	1126
2020	Métis	5	95	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	15910
2019	Indigenous	7	93	1471
2019	Métis	7	93	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	19509
2018	Indigenous	6	94	1496
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	19188

Question 61e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	1040
2022	First Nations	10	90	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	35
2022	Métis	10	90	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	14960
2020	Indigenous	13	87	1126
2020	Métis	13	87	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	15910
2019	Indigenous	10	90	1471
2019	First Nations	11	89	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	49
2019	Métis	10	90	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	19509
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19187

Question 61f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	1040
2022	First Nations	9	91	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	35
2022	Métis	8	92	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	14960
2020	Indigenous	8	92	1126
2020	Métis	7	93	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	15910
2019	Indigenous	9	91	1471
2019	First Nations	9	91	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	49
2019	Métis	8	92	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	19509
2018	Indigenous	8	92	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	19187

Question 61g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	1040
2022	First Nations	10	90	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	35
2022	Métis	11	89	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	90	14960
2020	Indigenous	7	93	1126
2020	Métis	7	93	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	15910
2019	Indigenous	10	90	1471
2019	First Nations	7	93	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	49
2019	Métis	12	88	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19509
2018	Indigenous	10	90	1496
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19187

Question 61h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	1040
2022	First Nations	17	83	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	25	75	35
2022	Métis	16	84	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	14960
2020	Indigenous	13	87	1126
2020	Métis	13	87	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	15910
2019	Indigenous	10	90	1471
2019	First Nations	9	91	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	49
2019	Métis	11	89	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	19509
2018	Indigenous	12	88	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	19191

Question 61i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	1040
2022	First Nations	15	85	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	73	35
2022	Métis	15	85	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	14960
2020	Indigenous	15	85	1126
2020	Métis	14	86	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	15910
2019	Indigenous	15	85	1471
2019	First Nations	13	87	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	49
2019	Métis	15	85	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	12	88	19509
2018	Indigenous	14	86	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	19190

Question 61j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	31	69	1040
2022	First Nations	32	68	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	57	35
2022	Métis	31	69	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	14960
2020	Indigenous	36	64	1126
2020	Métis	39	61	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	32	68	15910
2019	Indigenous	32	68	1471
2019	First Nations	30	70	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	41	59	49
2019	Métis	32	68	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	68	19509
2018	Indigenous	32	68	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	70	19197

Question 61k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	1040
2022	First Nations	9	91	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	35
2022	Métis	14	86	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	14960
2020	Indigenous	11	89	1126
2020	Métis	13	87	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	10	90	15910
2019	Indigenous	11	89	1471
2019	First Nations	9	91	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	49
2019	Métis	11	89	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	19509
2018	Indigenous	9	91	1497
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	19187

Question 61l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	1040
2022	First Nations	49	51	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	43	35
2022	Métis	52	48	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	14960
2020	Indigenous	54	46	1126
2020	Métis	56	44	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	15910
2019	Indigenous	50	50	1471
2019	First Nations	50	50	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	45	55	49
2019	Métis	51	49	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	47	53	19509
2018	Indigenous	50	50	1500
2018	Non-Indigenous	47	53	19208

Question 61m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	1040
2022	First Nations	4	96	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	6	94	35
2022	Métis	4	96	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	1	99	14960
2020	Indigenous	3	97	1126
2020	Métis	4	96	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	15910
2019	Indigenous	3	97	1471
2019	Métis	4	96	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	19509
2018	Indigenous	2	98	1496
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	19186

Question 61n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	57	43	1040
2022	First Nations	57	43	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	66	34	35
2022	Métis	56	44	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	45	14960
2020	Indigenous	61	39	1126
2020	Métis	59	41	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	57	43	15910
2019	Indigenous	58	42	1471
2019	First Nations	61	39	628
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	49
2019	Métis	56	44	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	44	19509
2018	Indigenous	58	42	1501
2018	Non-Indigenous	56	44	19214

Question 61o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	1040
2022	First Nations	3	97	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	35
2022	Métis	2	98	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	14960

Question 61p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	1040
2022	First Nations	12	88	425
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	35
2022	Métis	21	79	515
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	14960
2020	Indigenous	16	84	1126
2020	Métis	14	86	565
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	15910
2019	Indigenous	13	87	1471
2019	Métis	15	85	749
2019	Non-Indigenous	13	87	19509
2018	Indigenous	13	87	1496
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	19191

Question 62. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	15	14	7	11	28	8	49	29	6875
2022	First Nations	16	16	16	7	9	28	9	50	25	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	14	15	10	6	32	6	50	26	240
2022	Métis	16	14	13	8	12	28	9	48	31	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	14	13	6	6	35	10	55	21	174865
2020	Indigenous	21	17	19	9	11	19	5	50	26	7578
2020	First Nations	22	17	19	9	9	19	5	51	24	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	27	12	20	6	7	21	7	54	18	249
2020	Métis	21	17	18	9	12	18	5	50	27	3815
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	17	17	6	6	27	7	57	18	178767
2019	Indigenous	19	17	19	11	12	18	5	46	30	8038
2019	First Nations	20	17	18	10	11	18	5	48	28	3474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	19	11	8	19	3	52	24	293
2019	Métis	17	16	19	11	13	17	5	44	31	4031
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	17	19	8	7	24	7	51	22	171622
2018	Indigenous	16	18	22	11	14	16	4	42	31	7231
2018	Non-Indigenous	16	19	21	8	8	23	5	49	21	151370

Question 63. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	28	13	8	8	9	1	67	18	6870
2022	First Nations	32	29	14	7	7	10	2	68	16	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	29	15	6	4	12	1	72	11	240
2022	Métis	32	27	13	8	9	9	1	66	20	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	31	13	6	5	12	2	73	12	174900
2020	Indigenous	34	26	16	8	9	6	1	64	18	7569
2020	First Nations	35	26	17	8	8	6	1	65	17	3328
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	23	13	7	7	7	1	71	15	248
2020	Métis	34	26	16	8	9	5	1	64	19	3805
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	30	15	6	4	8	1	72	11	178704
2019	Indigenous	33	26	17	9	9	6	1	63	19	8033
2019	First Nations	34	25	16	9	8	6	1	64	18	3474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	21	13	9	6	7	1	69	16	291
2019	Métis	32	27	18	8	10	5	1	62	19	4027
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	30	16	7	5	8	1	70	13	171583
2018	Indigenous	28	27	19	10	11	6	0	58	22	7234
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	32	18	7	6	8	1	66	14	151329

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Discrimination

Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of a person or group of people that deprives them of or limits their access to opportunities and advantages that are available to other members of society. The Canadian Human Rights Act sets out the following prohibited grounds of discrimination: race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.

Question 64. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	87	6870
2022	First Nations	12	88	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	240
2022	Métis	12	88	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	93	174905
2020	Indigenous	12	88	7573
2020	First Nations	13	87	3326
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	250
2020	Métis	11	89	3809
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	178767
2019	Indigenous	14	86	8028
2019	First Nations	14	86	3469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	294
2019	Métis	13	87	4024
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	171453
2018	Indigenous	15	85	7227
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	151486

Question 65a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	820
2022	First Nations	38	62	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	51	35
2022	Métis	36	64	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	71	11540
2020	Indigenous	46	54	848
2020	First Nations	49	51	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	22
2020	Métis	42	58	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	35	65	11185
2019	Indigenous	49	51	1009
2019	First Nations	53	47	474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	54	46	46
2019	Métis	43	57	463
2019	Non-Indigenous	37	63	11718
2018	Indigenous	43	57	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	36	64	10505

Question 65b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	77	23	820
2022	First Nations	75	25	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	35
2022	Métis	79	21	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	11540
2020	Indigenous	75	25	848
2020	First Nations	71	29	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	72	28	22
2020	Métis	77	23	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	23	11185
2019	Indigenous	74	26	1009
2019	First Nations	72	28	474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	68	32	46
2019	Métis	77	23	463
2019	Non-Indigenous	76	24	11718
2018	Indigenous	74	26	997
2018	Non-Indigenous	77	23	10522

Question 65c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	820
2022	First Nations	4	96	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	35
2022	Métis	6	94	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	11540
2020	Indigenous	4	96	848
2020	First Nations	4	96	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11185
2019	Indigenous	6	94	1009
2019	First Nations	5	95	474
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	11718
2018	Indigenous	5	95	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10496

Question 65d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	820
2022	First Nations	3	97	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	35
2022	Métis	8	92	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	11540
2020	Indigenous	6	94	848
2020	First Nations	5	95	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	22
2020	Métis	7	93	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	11185
2019	Indigenous	7	93	1009
2019	First Nations	5	95	474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	46
2019	Métis	9	91	463
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	11718
2018	Indigenous	8	92	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10496

Question 65e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	820
2022	First Nations	12	88	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	70	35
2022	Métis	15	85	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11540
2020	Indigenous	9	91	848
2020	First Nations	10	90	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11185
2019	Indigenous	11	89	1009
2019	First Nations	12	88	474
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	78	46
2019	Métis	9	91	463
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11718
2018	Indigenous	10	90	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	10497

Question 65f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	820
2022	First Nations	11	89	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	76	35
2022	Métis	13	87	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11540
2020	Indigenous	9	91	848
2020	First Nations	10	90	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11185
2019	Indigenous	10	90	1009
2019	First Nations	12	88	474
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11718
2018	Indigenous	12	88	995
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	10500

Question 65g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	820
2022	First Nations	10	90	350
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	26	74	35
2022	Métis	13	87	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	11540
2020	Indigenous	9	91	848
2020	First Nations	8	92	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	22	78	22
2020	Métis	10	90	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11185
2019	Indigenous	7	93	1009
2019	First Nations	7	93	474
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11718
2018	Indigenous	8	92	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	10498

Question 66a. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Race
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	820
2022	First Nations	55	45	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	61	39	35
2022	Métis	29	71	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	11530
2020	Indigenous	40	60	848
2020	First Nations	55	45	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	59	41	22
2020	Métis	26	74	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	73	11183
2019	Indigenous	37	63	999
2019	First Nations	49	51	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	56	44	46
2019	Métis	24	76	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	75	11508
2018	Indigenous	38	62	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	76	10494

Question 66b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...National or ethnic origin
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	78	820
2022	First Nations	27	73	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	56	35
2022	Métis	18	82	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	81	11530
2020	Indigenous	18	82	848
2020	First Nations	23	77	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	22
2020	Métis	13	87	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	20	80	11183
2019	Indigenous	22	78	999
2019	First Nations	27	73	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	74	46
2019	Métis	18	82	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	80	11508
2018	Indigenous	24	76	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	80	10494

Question 66c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	90	820
2022	First Nations	9	91	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	35
2022	Métis	10	90	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	11530
2020	Indigenous	9	91	848
2020	First Nations	9	91	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11183
2019	Indigenous	12	88	999
2019	First Nations	13	87	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	17	83	46
2019	Métis	9	91	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	11508
2018	Indigenous	11	89	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	10490

Question 66d. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Religion
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	820
2022	First Nations	5	95	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	35
2022	Métis	9	91	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11530
2020	Indigenous	5	95	848
2020	First Nations	5	95	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	22
2020	Métis	6	94	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11183
2019	Indigenous	6	94	999
2019	First Nations	6	94	469
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11508
2018	Indigenous	7	93	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	10488

Question 66e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	73	820
2022	First Nations	25	75	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	35
2022	Métis	30	70	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	76	11530
2020	Indigenous	28	72	848
2020	First Nations	25	75	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	26	74	11183
2019	Indigenous	24	76	999
2019	First Nations	24	76	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	46
2019	Métis	26	74	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	11508
2018	Indigenous	23	77	996
2018	Non-Indigenous	26	74	10488

Question 66f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	25	75	820
2022	First Nations	20	80	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	30	70	35
2022	Métis	28	72	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	73	11530
2020	Indigenous	25	75	848
2020	First Nations	22	78	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	11183
2019	Indigenous	27	73	999
2019	First Nations	24	76	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	27	73	46
2019	Métis	29	71	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	11508
2018	Indigenous	24	76	996
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	10493

Question 66g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Sexual orientation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	820
2022	First Nations	6	94	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	35
2022	Métis	6	94	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11530
2020	Indigenous	6	94	848
2020	First Nations	5	95	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	22
2020	Métis	7	93	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	11183
2019	Indigenous	6	94	999
2019	First Nations	5	95	469
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	11508
2018	Indigenous	6	94	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10486

Question 66h. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Gender identity or expression (including gender diverse identities or expressions such as transgender, two-spirit, or non-binary)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	820
2022	First Nations	4	96	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	35
2022	Métis	6	94	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	11530
2020	Indigenous	3	97	848
2020	First Nations	2	98	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	11183
2019	Indigenous	3	97	999
2019	First Nations	3	97	469
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	11508
2018	Indigenous	3	97	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10486

Question 66i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Marital status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	820
2022	First Nations	8	92	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	35
2022	Métis	9	91	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11530
2020	Indigenous	10	90	848
2020	First Nations	9	91	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	22
2020	Métis	12	88	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11183
2019	Indigenous	10	90	999
2019	First Nations	8	92	469
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11508
2018	Indigenous	9	91	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	8	92	10489

Question 66j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Family status
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	820
2022	First Nations	13	87	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	16	84	35
2022	Métis	18	82	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	15	85	11530
2020	Indigenous	19	81	848
2020	First Nations	17	83	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	22
2020	Métis	20	80	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	19	81	11183
2019	Indigenous	17	83	999
2019	First Nations	16	84	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	46
2019	Métis	18	82	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	11508
2018	Indigenous	15	85	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	10490

Question 66k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	820
2022	First Nations	5	95	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	91	35
2022	Métis	7	93	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	11530
2020	Indigenous	1	99	848
2020	Métis	2	98	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	1	99	11183
2019	Indigenous	2	98	999
2019	Métis	2	98	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	1	99	11508
2018	Indigenous	1	99	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	1	99	10486

Question 66l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	24	76	820
2022	First Nations	20	80	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	27	73	35
2022	Métis	26	74	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	82	11530
2020	Indigenous	22	78	848
2020	First Nations	20	80	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	16	84	11183
2019	Indigenous	20	80	999
2019	First Nations	20	80	469
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	11	89	46
2019	Métis	21	79	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11508
2018	Indigenous	21	79	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	10495

Question 66m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	0	100	820
2022	First Nations	0	100	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	35
2022	Métis	0	100	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	0	100	11530
2020	Indigenous	1	99	848
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	22
2020	Non-Indigenous	0	100	11183
2019	Indigenous	1	99	999
2019	Métis	0	100	458
2019	Non-Indigenous	0	100	11508
2018	Indigenous	1	99	993
2018	Non-Indigenous	0	100	10487

Question 66n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	820
2022	First Nations	16	84	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	24	76	35
2022	Métis	23	77	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	11530
2020	Indigenous	17	83	848
2020	First Nations	14	86	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11183
2019	Indigenous	18	82	999
2019	First Nations	15	85	469
2019	Non-Indigenous	18	82	11508
2018	Indigenous	14	86	996
2018	Non-Indigenous	19	81	10498

Question 67a. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	36	64	820
2022	First Nations	37	63	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	51	49	35
2022	Métis	33	67	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	69	11545
2020	Indigenous	34	66	848
2020	First Nations	35	65	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	58	42	22
2020	Métis	33	67	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	71	11185
2019	Indigenous	32	68	993
2019	First Nations	33	67	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	29	71	46
2019	Métis	30	70	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	29	71	11408
2018	Indigenous	34	66	995
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	71	10522

Question 67b. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	17	83	820
2022	First Nations	15	85	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	35
2022	Métis	18	82	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	11545
2020	Indigenous	19	81	848
2020	First Nations	19	81	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	28	72	22
2020	Métis	18	82	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	14	86	11185
2019	Indigenous	17	83	993
2019	First Nations	15	85	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	85	46
2019	Métis	19	81	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	14	86	11408
2018	Indigenous	18	82	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	15	85	10511

Question 67c. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	820
2022	First Nations	5	95	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	35
2022	Métis	7	93	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11545
2020	Indigenous	6	94	848
2020	First Nations	5	95	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11185
2019	Indigenous	6	94	993
2019	First Nations	4	96	465
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11408
2018	Indigenous	5	95	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	10510

Question 67d. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … I contacted my union representative.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	820
2022	First Nations	18	82	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	35
2022	Métis	19	81	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11545
2020	Indigenous	23	77	848
2020	First Nations	23	77	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11185
2019	Indigenous	19	81	993
2019	First Nations	17	83	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	85	46
2019	Métis	22	78	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	83	11408
2018	Indigenous	21	79	996
2018	Non-Indigenous	17	83	10516

Question 67e. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	6	94	820
2022	First Nations	5	95	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	35
2022	Métis	6	94	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	11545
2020	Indigenous	8	92	848
2020	First Nations	8	92	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11185
2019	Indigenous	5	95	993
2019	First Nations	5	95	465
2019	Non-Indigenous	5	95	11408
2018	Indigenous	6	94	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10506

Question 67f. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	91	820
2022	First Nations	8	92	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	35
2022	Métis	9	91	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11545
2020	Indigenous	10	90	848
2020	First Nations	11	89	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11185
2019	Indigenous	7	93	993
2019	First Nations	6	94	465
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11408
2018	Indigenous	8	92	994
2018	Non-Indigenous	6	94	10508

Question 67g. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? …I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	92	820
2022	First Nations	8	92	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	35
2022	Métis	7	93	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	94	11545
2020	Indigenous	8	92	848
2020	First Nations	9	91	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11185
2019	Indigenous	9	91	993
2019	First Nations	11	89	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	46
2019	Métis	7	93	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11408
2018	Indigenous	11	89	995
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	10506

Question 67h. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? … Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	820
2022	First Nations	11	89	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	35
2022	Métis	12	88	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	91	11545
2020	Indigenous	10	90	848
2020	First Nations	10	90	400
2020	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11185
2019	Indigenous	9	91	993
2019	First Nations	6	94	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	46
2019	Métis	11	89	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	8	92	11408
2018	Indigenous	8	92	995
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	10508

Question 67i. What actions did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? ...I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	42	58	820
2022	First Nations	43	57	355
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	58	35
2022	Métis	42	58	390
2022	Non-Indigenous	50	50	11545
2020	Indigenous	42	58	848
2020	First Nations	40	60	400
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	30	70	22
2020	Métis	46	54	395
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	11185
2019	Indigenous	45	55	993
2019	First Nations	47	53	465
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	56	46
2019	Métis	43	57	456
2019	Non-Indigenous	49	51	11408
2018	Indigenous	43	57	997
2018	Non-Indigenous	49	51	10520

Question 68a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	5	95	745
2022	First Nations	5	95	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	30
2022	Métis	5	95	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	10635
2020	Indigenous	7	93	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	5	95	10532
2019	Indigenous	7	93	870
2019	First Nations	7	93	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	6	94	10040
2018	Indigenous	7	93	913
2018	Non-Indigenous	5	95	9861

Question 68b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	12	88	745
2022	First Nations	14	86	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	8	92	30
2022	Métis	14	86	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	14	86	10635
2020	Indigenous	9	91	763
2020	First Nations	9	91	357
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	85	10532
2019	Indigenous	14	86	870
2019	First Nations	13	87	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	15	85	10040
2018	Indigenous	12	88	914
2018	Non-Indigenous	14	86	9859

Question 68c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...The behaviour stopped.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	745
2022	First Nations	5	95	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	30
2022	Métis	2	98	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10635
2020	Indigenous	3	97	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10532
2019	Indigenous	6	94	870
2019	First Nations	6	94	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10040
2018	Indigenous	4	96	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	9858

Question 68d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	745
2022	First Nations	4	96	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	3	97	30
2022	Métis	3	97	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10635
2020	Indigenous	4	96	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10532
2019	Indigenous	3	97	870
2019	First Nations	5	95	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10040
2018	Indigenous	3	97	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	9859

Question 68e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? … Management intervened.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	745
2022	First Nations	4	96	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	30
2022	Métis	4	96	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10635
2020	Indigenous	5	95	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10532
2019	Indigenous	4	96	870
2019	First Nations	5	95	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	3	97	10040
2018	Indigenous	5	95	913
2018	Non-Indigenous	3	97	9859

Question 68f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	745
2022	First Nations	5	95	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	10	90	30
2022	Métis	2	98	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10635
2020	Indigenous	4	96	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10532
2019	Indigenous	4	96	870
2019	First Nations	6	94	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	4	96	10040
2018	Indigenous	4	96	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	4	96	9858

Question 68g. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I changed jobs.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	93	745
2022	First Nations	7	93	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	0	100	30
2022	Métis	7	93	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	10635
2020	Indigenous	6	94	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	93	10532
2019	Indigenous	7	93	870
2019	First Nations	5	95	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	7	93	10040
2018	Indigenous	6	94	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	7	93	9860

Question 68h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	15	85	745
2022	First Nations	16	84	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	18	82	30
2022	Métis	12	88	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	13	87	10635
2020	Indigenous	13	87	763
2020	First Nations	14	86	357
2020	Non-Indigenous	12	88	10532
2019	Indigenous	10	90	870
2019	First Nations	10	90	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	10040
2018	Indigenous	11	89	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	11	89	9862

Question 68i. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was too distraught.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	14	86	745
2022	First Nations	11	89	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	79	30
2022	Métis	16	84	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	11	89	10635
2020	Indigenous	12	88	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	89	10532
2019	Indigenous	10	90	870
2019	First Nations	11	89	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	90	10040
2018	Indigenous	13	87	913
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	90	9863

Question 68j. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	70	745
2022	First Nations	28	72	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	29	71	30
2022	Métis	32	68	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	25	75	10635
2020	Indigenous	31	69	763
2020	First Nations	30	70	357
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	72	10532
2019	Indigenous	28	72	870
2019	First Nations	28	72	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	27	73	10040
2018	Indigenous	29	71	914
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	73	9865

Question 68k. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …I was advised against filing a complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	89	745
2022	First Nations	10	90	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	13	87	30
2022	Métis	10	90	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	92	10635
2020	Indigenous	10	90	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	9	91	10532
2019	Indigenous	9	91	870
2019	First Nations	7	93	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	9	91	10040
2018	Indigenous	10	90	913
2018	Non-Indigenous	9	91	9862

Question 68l. Why did you not file a grievance or a formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	53	745
2022	First Nations	47	53	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	60	30
2022	Métis	48	52	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	57	10635
2020	Indigenous	50	50	763
2020	First Nations	46	54	357
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	54	10532
2019	Indigenous	48	52	870
2019	First Nations	46	54	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	44	56	10040
2018	Indigenous	46	54	914
2018	Non-Indigenous	45	55	9876

Question 68m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	745
2022	First Nations	4	96	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	93	30
2022	Métis	3	97	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10635
2020	Indigenous	2	98	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10532
2019	Indigenous	3	97	870
2019	First Nations	3	97	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10040
2018	Indigenous	3	97	912
2018	Non-Indigenous	2	98	9859

Question 68n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	37	745
2022	First Nations	59	41	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	60	40	30
2022	Métis	63	37	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	38	10635
2020	Indigenous	62	38	763
2020	First Nations	61	39	357
2020	Non-Indigenous	63	37	10532
2019	Indigenous	59	41	870
2019	First Nations	64	36	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	62	38	10040
2018	Indigenous	61	39	914
2018	Non-Indigenous	64	36	9879

Question 68o. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? …The time limit to file a grievance or a formal complaint had passed.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	97	745
2022	First Nations	2	98	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	30
2022	Métis	3	97	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	2	98	10635

Question 68p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	16	84	745
2022	First Nations	14	86	320
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	22	78	30
2022	Métis	16	84	355
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	10635
2020	Indigenous	14	86	763
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	10532
2019	Indigenous	11	89	870
2019	First Nations	9	91	417
2019	Non-Indigenous	11	89	10040
2018	Indigenous	14	86	911
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	87	9860

Question 69. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	15	18	6	7	28	6	52	20	6875
2022	First Nations	20	15	18	6	6	28	7	53	19	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	12	21	7	4	30	5	51	17	240
2022	Métis	18	15	18	6	7	29	6	51	21	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	18	15	16	4	4	35	8	59	13	174940
2020	Indigenous	23	16	21	7	7	21	5	53	19	7567
2020	First Nations	24	16	21	7	7	21	5	53	18	3323
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	25	14	20	5	5	25	6	57	13	250
2020	Métis	23	17	21	7	7	21	4	54	19	3806
2020	Non-Indigenous	22	17	18	4	3	30	6	61	12	178541
2019	Indigenous	22	15	23	6	8	21	5	50	19	8033
2019	First Nations	23	15	22	6	8	20	6	51	20	3475
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	19	22	3	7	21	3	57	14	292
2019	Métis	20	16	23	6	8	21	5	49	19	4025
2019	Non-Indigenous	20	16	21	4	4	27	7	56	13	171397
2018	Indigenous	18	17	26	6	9	19	3	46	20	7217
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	19	23	4	4	27	5	54	12	151356

Question 70. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	27	15	6	7	10	2	68	15	6875
2022	First Nations	35	26	16	6	6	9	2	69	13	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	26	16	6	4	14	1	70	11	240
2022	Métis	33	27	15	6	7	10	2	68	15	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	31	14	4	4	12	2	75	9	174955
2020	Indigenous	35	26	17	7	6	7	1	67	14	7559
2020	First Nations	36	26	18	7	6	7	1	67	14	3322
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	39	23	16	2	7	11	1	71	11	250
2020	Métis	35	26	17	7	7	7	1	67	15	3800
2020	Non-Indigenous	36	30	16	4	3	9	1	74	8	178670
2019	Indigenous	36	24	18	6	7	8	1	66	14	8022
2019	First Nations	37	23	18	6	7	8	1	66	14	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	43	20	17	4	6	10	1	70	11	292
2019	Métis	34	26	19	6	6	7	1	66	13	4027
2019	Non-Indigenous	36	29	17	4	4	10	1	72	9	171335
2018	Indigenous	29	28	20	7	8	7	1	61	16	7216
2018	Non-Indigenous	31	31	19	4	4	10	1	69	9	151339

Of those who indicated that they were a victim of race-based discrimination:

Question 71. I am satisfied with how concerns or complaints about racism in the workplace are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	3	3	17	23	45	9	0	6	75	315
2022	First Nations	4	3	21	25	37	10	0	7	69	185
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	0	35	23	32	6	0	4	58	20
2022	Métis	1	2	8	27	52	9	0	4	87	100
2022	Non-Indigenous	3	7	22	15	35	17	1	12	61	2935
2020	Indigenous	3	5	17	22	45	7	1	9	73	340
2020	First Nations	4	6	18	23	42	6	1	10	71	214
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	13	15	63	8	0	0	86	13
2020	Métis	2	4	15	21	49	9	1	7	77	105
2020	Non-Indigenous	2	7	22	17	38	13	1	10	64	3019

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Stress and Well-Being

Question 72a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	28	25	18	10	16	0	2	55	27	6835
2022	First Nations	30	26	18	9	16	0	1	56	26	2915
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	33	13	10	14	1	1	62	25	240
2022	Métis	28	25	18	11	16	0	1	54	28	3420
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	27	17	9	12	0	2	60	22	174195
2020	Indigenous	29	26	21	11	12	0	1	55	24	7561
2020	First Nations	30	27	21	11	11	1	1	58	21	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	33	25	25	9	6	1	1	60	15	248
2020	Métis	29	24	20	12	14	0	1	54	26	3807
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	28	19	10	8	0	1	62	19	178507
2019	Indigenous	22	24	20	14	19	0	1	46	34	8029
2019	First Nations	24	25	20	13	18	0	1	49	31	3471
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	24	24	22	12	17	1	0	49	29	292
2019	Métis	20	23	21	15	21	0	1	43	36	4026
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	27	20	12	15	0	1	52	28	171632
2018	Indigenous	20	22	21	15	22	0	1	42	37	7221
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	25	22	14	18	0	1	46	32	151622

Question 72b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	21	27	25	14	13	1	48	26	6835
2022	First Nations	22	27	24	14	13	1	49	27	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	25	23	8	10	2	59	18	240
2022	Métis	19	27	26	14	13	1	47	27	3415
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	27	25	14	13	1	48	27	174295
2020	Indigenous	22	26	25	15	11	0	49	26	7572
2020	First Nations	24	27	25	14	11	0	51	24	3324
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	27	20	9	9	1	62	18	248
2020	Métis	21	26	25	16	12	0	47	28	3813
2020	Non-Indigenous	21	27	25	15	11	1	48	26	178824
2019	Indigenous	25	27	24	13	10	1	52	24	8028
2019	First Nations	26	28	23	13	10	1	54	23	3470
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	37	27	17	10	9	0	64	19	294
2019	Métis	23	27	25	14	11	1	50	25	4025
2019	Non-Indigenous	22	29	25	14	10	1	51	24	171540
2018	Indigenous	20	25	26	15	12	1	46	27	7220
2018	Non-Indigenous	18	27	28	16	11	1	45	27	151519

Question 72c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	28	19	10	8	0	2	62	18	6830
2022	First Nations	34	26	19	9	8	1	2	62	18	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	43	24	16	5	7	1	4	70	13	235
2022	Métis	30	30	19	10	8	0	2	61	19	3410
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	29	20	11	8	1	3	60	20	174080
2020	Indigenous	32	28	20	11	7	0	2	62	18	7545
2020	First Nations	34	28	18	9	8	0	2	64	17	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	25	15	8	5	0	0	72	13	247
2020	Métis	31	28	21	12	7	0	1	59	19	3794
2020	Non-Indigenous	31	29	20	11	7	0	2	61	18	178393
2019	Indigenous	34	30	19	9	7	1	1	65	16	7995
2019	First Nations	35	30	17	9	7	1	2	66	16	3457
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	26	13	5	7	1	0	75	12	292
2019	Métis	32	30	20	9	7	1	1	63	16	4005
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	30	20	10	7	0	2	62	17	170743
2018	Indigenous	27	29	22	12	8	1	2	57	21	7187
2018	Non-Indigenous	24	30	24	13	8	0	2	55	21	150916

Question 72d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	23	21	20	15	18	1	2	45	34	6845
2022	First Nations	24	22	19	15	18	1	1	47	34	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	28	19	23	14	11	2	3	49	27	240
2022	Métis	23	21	20	15	19	1	1	44	35	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	24	22	21	14	15	1	2	48	31	174325
2020	Indigenous	26	23	20	15	14	1	1	50	29	7558
2020	First Nations	28	23	19	13	14	1	1	53	28	3325
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	20	16	12	13	2	0	59	25	248
2020	Métis	25	23	21	16	14	1	1	48	30	3797
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	24	21	14	12	1	1	52	26	178116
2019	Indigenous	25	22	21	14	16	1	1	48	31	8008
2019	First Nations	25	23	20	14	16	1	1	49	30	3468
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	35	19	17	12	15	2	1	55	28	292
2019	Métis	24	22	21	15	17	1	1	46	32	4009
2019	Non-Indigenous	24	25	21	15	14	1	1	50	29	170856
2018	Indigenous	20	21	21	17	19	1	1	42	36	7209
2018	Non-Indigenous	20	23	23	17	15	1	1	44	32	151025

Question 72e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	52	20	11	4	6	0	7	78	11	6855
2022	First Nations	53	20	10	4	6	1	6	79	10	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	57	18	9	5	4	0	7	80	10	240
2022	Métis	51	20	12	5	6	0	6	76	12	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	49	22	11	6	5	1	7	76	12	174505
2020	Indigenous	50	21	12	7	5	1	4	75	13	7522
2020	First Nations	52	22	11	6	5	1	3	77	11	3310
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	62	19	7	4	3	1	4	85	8	244
2020	Métis	49	20	13	7	6	0	4	73	14	3782
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	23	13	7	5	0	4	74	13	178050
2019	Indigenous	55	20	11	4	5	1	4	79	10	7998
2019	First Nations	56	20	11	4	5	1	4	80	9	3454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	62	19	8	3	4	1	3	83	8	292
2019	Métis	54	20	12	5	5	0	4	77	10	4015
2019	Non-Indigenous	52	22	11	5	4	0	5	78	10	170941
2018	Indigenous	50	21	13	5	5	1	6	76	11	7193
2018	Non-Indigenous	46	23	13	6	4	0	6	75	11	151013

Question 72f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	27	18	9	10	0	1	61	20	6860
2022	First Nations	34	27	19	9	10	0	1	62	19	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	34	32	12	9	12	0	1	67	21	240
2022	Métis	32	28	19	10	10	0	1	60	20	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	27	18	10	10	0	1	62	20	174535
2020	Indigenous	29	26	20	12	11	0	1	56	23	7543
2020	First Nations	30	28	20	11	11	0	1	58	22	3310
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	35	31	15	10	8	0	1	66	18	249
2020	Métis	29	25	21	13	12	0	1	54	25	3798
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	27	21	12	9	0	1	58	21	178556
2019	Indigenous	34	27	19	10	9	0	1	62	19	8027
2019	First Nations	34	28	20	9	9	0	1	63	18	3467
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	42	20	19	8	9	1	1	63	17	292
2019	Métis	33	27	18	10	10	0	1	61	20	4028
2019	Non-Indigenous	34	29	19	9	8	0	1	64	17	171294
2018	Indigenous	29	25	22	11	12	0	1	55	23	7212
2018	Non-Indigenous	30	27	21	11	9	0	1	58	20	151355

Question 72g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	30	17	8	8	1	2	65	17	6845
2022	First Nations	35	30	16	8	8	1	2	67	16	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	29	19	11	4	2	2	64	16	235
2022	Métis	33	29	18	9	9	1	2	64	18	3420
2022	Non-Indigenous	34	30	18	8	7	1	2	66	16	174350
2020	Indigenous	34	29	19	9	7	1	1	64	16	7553
2020	First Nations	35	31	17	9	6	1	1	67	15	3322
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	45	29	15	4	3	3	1	77	7	250
2020	Métis	32	28	20	10	8	1	1	62	18	3794
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	33	19	8	4	1	1	68	13	178263
2019	Indigenous	32	31	20	9	7	1	1	64	16	8017
2019	First Nations	33	31	19	9	7	1	1	65	16	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	39	38	11	4	6	1	2	79	10	294
2019	Métis	30	31	21	10	7	1	1	61	18	4021
2019	Non-Indigenous	30	34	20	9	5	1	1	65	14	171147
2018	Indigenous	26	31	22	11	8	1	1	58	20	7225
2018	Non-Indigenous	25	34	24	10	6	1	1	59	17	151082

Question 72h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	30	19	11	10	1	2	58	22	6850
2022	First Nations	28	30	18	11	10	1	2	60	21	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	41	30	12	8	6	0	3	73	15	240
2022	Métis	26	30	20	12	11	1	1	57	23	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	27	30	20	11	9	1	2	59	20	174560
2020	Indigenous	26	30	21	12	9	1	1	57	21	7545
2020	First Nations	28	29	21	11	8	1	1	59	19	3317
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	28	17	10	3	2	1	68	14	248
2020	Métis	24	30	22	13	10	1	1	55	23	3793
2020	Non-Indigenous	27	32	22	11	7	1	1	59	18	178176
2019	Indigenous	27	29	21	13	8	1	1	57	21	8008
2019	First Nations	29	29	20	13	8	0	1	59	21	3456
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	34	36	15	7	6	1	2	72	13	293
2019	Métis	26	29	22	13	9	1	1	56	22	4020
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	32	22	12	7	1	1	58	19	171078
2018	Indigenous	23	28	24	13	10	1	1	52	24	7211
2018	Non-Indigenous	21	31	25	14	8	1	1	53	22	151052

Question 72i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	35	28	17	9	9	0	1	64	18	6855
2022	First Nations	36	29	17	8	8	0	1	66	17	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	30	15	6	5	0	2	74	11	240
2022	Métis	34	28	17	9	10	0	1	63	20	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	29	17	9	7	1	2	66	17	174650
2020	Indigenous	33	29	19	11	8	0	1	62	19	7562
2020	First Nations	34	30	18	9	7	1	1	65	17	3322
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	23	17	10	5	1	0	68	15	249
2020	Métis	31	27	20	12	9	0	0	59	21	3804
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	31	19	10	6	0	1	65	16	178197
2019	Indigenous	32	29	18	11	9	0	1	62	20	7997
2019	First Nations	33	29	18	10	8	1	1	63	19	3453
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	28	16	9	6	0	1	69	15	292
2019	Métis	31	28	19	12	9	0	1	60	21	4014
2019	Non-Indigenous	31	31	20	10	7	0	1	63	17	170938
2018	Indigenous	27	29	21	13	9	0	1	57	22	7218
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	22	12	7	0	1	59	19	150908

Question 72j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	45	24	13	7	10	1	1	70	17	6845
2022	First Nations	47	24	12	6	9	0	1	72	15	2915
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	25	12	6	7	0	1	74	13	240
2022	Métis	44	24	13	7	11	1	1	69	18	3420
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	25	13	7	7	1	2	73	14	174450
2020	Indigenous	44	23	14	9	9	1	1	67	18	7527
2020	First Nations	46	24	13	8	8	1	0	71	16	3308
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	52	20	12	7	5	2	1	75	12	250
2020	Métis	42	23	15	9	11	0	1	65	20	3782
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	26	14	8	6	1	1	72	14	177821
2019	Indigenous	41	24	14	9	10	1	1	67	19	8003
2019	First Nations	43	25	14	8	9	1	1	68	17	3454
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	48	25	13	5	6	0	2	75	12	293
2019	Métis	39	25	15	10	10	1	1	65	20	4018
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	27	15	8	7	0	1	69	16	170853

Question 72k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	25	12	6	6	1	76	12	6865
2022	First Nations	51	25	11	6	6	1	77	12	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	26	12	7	5	1	75	12	240
2022	Métis	50	25	12	6	6	1	76	12	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	12	5	4	2	78	10	174535
2020	Indigenous	31	28	20	11	9	1	60	20	7557
2020	First Nations	32	28	21	10	9	1	60	19	3318
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	30	14	9	8	1	69	17	250
2020	Métis	30	28	20	12	8	1	59	21	3801
2020	Non-Indigenous	30	31	21	11	6	1	61	17	178383

Question 72l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	32	30	19	9	8	0	1	63	17	6860
2022	First Nations	33	30	20	9	7	0	1	64	16	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	26	17	10	5	0	2	68	15	240
2022	Métis	31	30	19	9	9	0	1	62	18	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	30	19	9	7	0	1	63	17	174375
2020	Indigenous	27	29	22	12	9	0	1	57	21	7562
2020	First Nations	29	29	22	11	9	0	1	59	19	3323
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	37	30	16	8	6	1	1	68	15	248
2020	Métis	25	29	22	13	10	0	1	55	23	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	28	31	22	12	7	0	1	59	19	178314
2019	Indigenous	33	30	19	10	7	0	0	63	17	7986
2019	First Nations	34	30	19	10	7	1	0	64	17	3449
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	44	27	16	8	4	1	1	72	12	290
2019	Métis	31	31	19	11	7	0	0	62	18	4008
2019	Non-Indigenous	33	31	19	9	6	0	1	65	15	170490
2018	Indigenous	28	29	21	12	8	1	1	58	21	7194
2018	Non-Indigenous	27	31	22	12	7	0	1	59	18	150512

Question 72m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	56	19	10	5	7	0	3	78	12	6855
2022	First Nations	58	18	10	4	6	0	3	79	11	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	62	18	6	4	4	0	4	84	9	240
2022	Métis	56	19	11	5	7	0	3	77	13	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	56	20	10	5	5	1	3	80	10	174180
2020	Indigenous	47	26	15	6	5	0	1	74	11	7518
2020	First Nations	48	26	15	5	5	0	1	75	10	3300
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	56	20	13	6	4	0	1	77	10	250
2020	Métis	46	26	16	6	4	0	1	73	11	3783
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	28	14	5	3	0	1	77	8	177695
2019	Indigenous	51	23	13	6	5	0	1	76	12	7981
2019	First Nations	52	23	12	6	5	0	1	76	11	3444
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	9	4	5	0	2	82	9	294
2019	Métis	50	24	12	7	6	0	1	75	12	4005
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	24	12	5	4	0	1	78	9	170555
2018	Indigenous	49	24	13	6	6	0	1	75	12	7177
2018	Non-Indigenous	50	25	13	6	4	0	2	76	10	150444

Question 72n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	48	30	12	5	4	1	78	9	6860
2022	First Nations	50	29	11	4	4	1	80	8	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	12	3	3	1	81	6	235
2022	Métis	45	30	13	5	5	1	77	10	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	31	12	5	4	1	79	9	174535
2020	Indigenous	33	33	19	8	6	0	66	14	7525
2020	First Nations	34	34	19	7	6	0	68	13	3313
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	38	32	17	7	5	0	71	13	249
2020	Métis	32	32	19	9	6	1	65	16	3779
2020	Non-Indigenous	33	35	20	8	4	0	68	12	177862

Question 72o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	69	13	5	2	4	1	6	88	7	6855
2022	First Nations	70	13	5	2	3	1	6	89	6	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	75	11	4	2	3	1	5	91	5	235
2022	Métis	68	14	5	2	4	1	6	87	7	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	12	4	2	2	1	8	91	4	174575
2020	Indigenous	64	18	8	4	3	1	3	85	7	7538
2020	First Nations	65	18	8	3	3	1	3	86	6	3318
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	74	9	8	4	2	1	2	85	6	249
2020	Métis	63	18	8	4	3	1	4	85	7	3784
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	17	6	2	2	1	4	89	4	177769
2019	Indigenous	67	14	7	3	4	1	5	85	7	7980
2019	First Nations	67	14	7	3	4	1	4	86	7	3449
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	70	11	7	3	3	1	4	86	7	291
2019	Métis	67	13	7	3	4	1	5	85	7	4004
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	13	5	2	2	1	6	90	4	170559
2018	Indigenous	63	17	8	4	4	1	3	83	8	7173
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	16	7	3	2	1	5	87	5	150687

Question 72p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	68	12	7	3	5	1	3	84	9	6860
2022	First Nations	70	12	7	3	5	1	2	85	8	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	75	13	4	3	3	2	1	90	6	235
2022	Métis	68	12	6	4	6	1	3	84	10	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	74	10	4	2	3	1	5	89	6	174575
2020	Indigenous	69	12	6	4	5	1	2	84	10	7507
2020	First Nations	69	12	7	4	5	1	2	84	10	3304
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	74	14	3	3	3	1	2	91	6	247
2020	Métis	70	12	6	4	5	1	2	84	10	3771
2020	Non-Indigenous	77	10	5	3	3	1	3	90	5	177713
2019	Indigenous	62	15	9	5	7	1	1	79	13	8014
2019	First Nations	63	15	9	4	7	1	1	80	11	3471
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	66	14	6	4	8	0	2	81	12	293
2019	Métis	62	15	9	6	7	0	1	78	14	4011
2019	Non-Indigenous	71	12	6	4	4	1	2	86	8	171068
2018	Indigenous	58	16	10	6	7	1	2	77	13	7202
2018	Non-Indigenous	67	14	7	4	4	1	3	84	8	150742

Question 72q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	22	7	3	3	0	2	87	6	6865
2022	First Nations	64	21	8	3	3	0	2	87	5	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	67	21	6	2	3	1	0	89	5	235
2022	Métis	63	22	7	3	3	0	2	87	6	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	19	6	2	2	0	3	89	4	174535
2020	Indigenous	61	22	8	4	3	0	1	84	7	7503
2020	First Nations	63	21	8	3	3	0	1	85	7	3304
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	24	8	2	2	0	1	88	4	246
2020	Métis	60	22	8	4	3	0	1	84	8	3770
2020	Non-Indigenous	67	20	7	3	2	0	2	89	4	177403
2019	Indigenous	51	28	11	5	4	0	1	80	9	7989
2019	First Nations	52	28	11	4	4	0	1	81	8	3462
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	55	24	10	6	4	0	1	80	10	292
2019	Métis	50	28	12	5	4	0	1	79	9	3996
2019	Non-Indigenous	56	26	10	4	3	0	1	84	6	170587
2018	Indigenous	47	29	14	5	4	0	1	77	9	7223
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	27	11	4	3	0	1	81	7	151266

Question 72r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	63	17	8	4	6	0	2	81	11	6855
2022	First Nations	65	16	8	4	5	0	2	83	9	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	70	16	6	3	3	1	1	87	6	240
2022	Métis	61	18	8	5	7	0	2	80	12	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	16	7	4	4	1	3	85	8	174335
2020	Indigenous	61	16	9	5	7	0	1	78	12	7523
2020	First Nations	62	16	9	5	6	1	1	79	12	3308
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	70	13	10	3	3	0	1	84	6	248
2020	Métis	60	16	9	6	7	0	1	77	13	3782
2020	Non-Indigenous	66	16	8	4	4	0	1	84	8	177793
2019	Indigenous	55	20	10	7	7	0	1	76	14	7976
2019	First Nations	56	19	10	6	7	0	1	77	13	3452
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	63	19	6	5	6	0	1	83	10	291
2019	Métis	54	20	10	8	8	0	1	74	16	3995
2019	Non-Indigenous	60	19	9	5	5	0	1	80	10	170320
2018	Indigenous	49	21	13	8	9	0	1	70	17	7208
2018	Non-Indigenous	53	22	11	6	6	0	1	76	12	150826

Question 72s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	64	9	3	2	1	0	21	92	4	6855
2022	First Nations	65	9	3	2	1	0	21	93	3	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	65	11	2	1	2	1	18	94	3	240
2022	Métis	63	9	3	2	1	0	21	92	4	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	62	10	4	1	1	0	21	92	3	174360
2020	Indigenous	62	11	4	2	1	0	20	91	4	7537
2020	First Nations	64	9	4	1	1	0	20	92	2	3313
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	68	8	4	1	2	0	17	91	4	249
2020	Métis	60	11	4	2	2	0	20	90	5	3788
2020	Non-Indigenous	61	11	4	2	1	0	21	91	3	178071
2019	Indigenous	59	11	5	2	2	0	21	90	4	7952
2019	First Nations	60	11	4	2	2	0	21	91	4	3443
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	67	9	3	1	2	0	18	92	4	292
2019	Métis	58	12	5	2	2	0	21	89	4	3982
2019	Non-Indigenous	58	12	5	2	1	0	22	90	4	169891
2018	Indigenous	54	12	5	2	1	0	26	89	5	7167
2018	Non-Indigenous	52	13	6	2	1	0	26	88	4	150146

Question 72t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	66	18	6	2	2	0	5	89	4	6850
2022	First Nations	67	18	7	2	2	1	4	89	4	2920
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	71	17	6	2	2	0	2	90	4	240
2022	Métis	66	18	6	2	3	0	5	89	5	3430
2022	Non-Indigenous	68	16	6	2	2	1	6	90	4	174195
2020	Indigenous	63	20	9	3	2	0	2	86	5	7568
2020	First Nations	64	20	9	3	2	1	2	86	5	3328
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	63	24	8	2	1	0	1	88	3	248
2020	Métis	63	20	8	3	2	0	3	86	6	3805
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	18	7	2	1	0	3	89	4	178732
2019	Indigenous	64	19	8	3	2	0	4	87	5	7984
2019	First Nations	63	20	8	3	2	0	3	86	5	3458
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	72	15	5	3	2	0	1	89	6	293
2019	Métis	64	19	7	3	2	0	4	87	5	3994
2019	Non-Indigenous	66	18	7	2	1	0	5	89	4	170412
2018	Indigenous	59	22	9	3	2	1	5	85	6	7180
2018	Non-Indigenous	61	20	9	3	1	0	6	86	4	150606

Question 72u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	67	13	6	4	6	1	3	83	10	6870
2022	First Nations	66	14	6	4	6	1	3	83	10	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	73	11	6	2	5	1	2	87	7	240
2022	Métis	67	13	6	4	6	1	3	83	11	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	67	14	6	3	5	1	4	84	9	174780
2020	Indigenous	68	15	7	3	5	0	1	85	8	7571
2020	First Nations	68	16	7	3	5	0	1	85	8	3332
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	73	14	5	2	4	1	2	89	6	249
2020	Métis	69	15	7	4	4	0	1	85	8	3803
2020	Non-Indigenous	68	16	7	4	4	0	2	86	7	178786
2019	Indigenous	67	14	7	3	6	1	2	84	9	8004
2019	First Nations	67	14	7	3	5	1	2	84	9	3468
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	77	8	6	1	5	0	2	87	7	292
2019	Métis	67	14	7	3	5	0	3	84	9	4006
2019	Non-Indigenous	68	14	6	4	5	0	3	85	9	171006
2018	Indigenous	63	15	8	4	6	0	3	82	10	7225
2018	Non-Indigenous	64	15	7	4	5	0	4	83	10	151148

Question 72v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you work-related stress? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	49	28	13	5	3	0	2	79	8	6865
2022	First Nations	49	28	12	5	4	0	3	79	8	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	27	14	3	3	0	1	80	7	235
2022	Métis	48	28	13	5	3	0	2	79	8	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	51	26	12	4	3	0	3	80	7	174735
2020	Indigenous	43	30	15	6	4	0	1	75	10	7564
2020	First Nations	44	30	16	5	4	0	1	75	9	3327
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	43	28	17	6	4	1	1	72	10	249
2020	Métis	44	31	15	7	3	0	1	75	10	3801
2020	Non-Indigenous	46	30	15	5	3	0	1	77	8	178785
2019	Indigenous	50	28	14	4	3	0	1	79	8	7992
2019	First Nations	50	28	13	4	3	0	1	79	7	3455
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	57	20	12	5	5	0	1	78	10	293
2019	Métis	49	28	14	5	3	0	1	78	8	4005
2019	Non-Indigenous	53	27	12	4	2	0	2	82	6	170627
2018	Indigenous	46	29	14	5	4	0	2	77	9	7202
2018	Non-Indigenous	48	29	14	4	2	0	2	79	7	150974

Question 73. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	32	36	14	8	43	21	6875
2022	First Nations	11	33	36	13	7	45	20	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	21	30	36	6	7	51	13	240
2022	Métis	10	30	36	14	8	41	23	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	32	37	13	6	44	19	175080
2020	Indigenous	14	31	33	15	7	45	22	7563
2020	First Nations	15	32	32	14	7	47	21	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	21	35	31	9	4	56	13	250
2020	Métis	13	30	34	15	7	43	23	3807
2020	Non-Indigenous	15	33	34	13	5	48	18	178890
2019	Indigenous	17	32	31	14	6	49	20	8042
2019	First Nations	19	33	29	13	6	52	19	3479
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	22	33	30	9	6	55	15	294
2019	Métis	16	31	31	15	7	47	22	4030
2019	Non-Indigenous	17	34	33	12	4	51	16	171812
2018	Indigenous	13	28	35	15	8	42	23	7249
2018	Non-Indigenous	13	32	36	14	5	45	19	151868

Question 74. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	13	20	38	19	10	0	29	33	6855
2022	First Nations	12	18	40	19	10	1	30	30	2925
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	14	39	19	18	0	36	25	240
2022	Métis	14	21	37	18	9	0	28	35	3425
2022	Non-Indigenous	9	19	40	21	11	0	32	28	174700
2020	Indigenous	15	22	36	18	8	0	27	38	7537
2020	First Nations	14	21	36	20	9	0	29	35	3312
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	9	17	41	22	11	0	33	26	249
2020	Métis	16	24	35	17	7	0	25	40	3790
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	20	38	22	9	0	31	31	178310
2019	Indigenous	14	20	36	19	11	0	30	34	7982
2019	First Nations	12	20	35	21	11	0	32	32	3449
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	13	36	18	17	1	35	28	293
2019	Métis	15	21	36	19	9	0	28	36	4001
2019	Non-Indigenous	10	18	38	23	11	0	34	28	170393
2018	Indigenous	15	22	36	18	9	0	28	37	7177
2018	Non-Indigenous	10	19	38	22	10	0	32	30	150155

Question 75. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	37	14	10	7	2	68	18	6875
2022	First Nations	30	38	14	10	7	2	69	17	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	32	42	12	8	5	0	74	14	240
2022	Métis	29	37	14	10	7	2	68	18	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	31	40	14	7	5	3	73	13	174935
2020	Indigenous	39	36	12	7	5	1	75	12	7561
2020	First Nations	39	36	12	7	4	1	76	11	3320
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	35	10	5	4	1	81	9	250
2020	Métis	38	35	13	8	5	1	74	13	3804
2020	Non-Indigenous	41	39	11	5	2	1	81	8	178707
2019	Indigenous	30	37	16	9	6	2	68	15	8017
2019	First Nations	31	37	16	8	6	2	69	15	3463
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	36	30	19	9	4	1	67	14	293
2019	Métis	29	37	16	9	6	2	68	16	4020
2019	Non-Indigenous	32	40	15	8	4	2	73	12	171228
2018	Indigenous	26	38	16	10	7	2	66	18	7223
2018	Non-Indigenous	29	41	16	8	4	2	72	12	151382

Question 76. In general, how is your mental health?
Survey year	Demographic	Excellent (%)	Very good (%)	Good (%)	Fair (%)	Poor (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	10	24	36	23	8	6875
2022	First Nations	10	24	35	23	8	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	28	33	24	8	240
2022	Métis	9	24	36	22	8	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	28	35	19	6	175015

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	54	23	10	4	4	3	0	80	9	6880
2022	First Nations	57	22	9	4	4	4	1	83	8	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	59	22	9	4	2	3	2	85	6	240
2022	Métis	52	24	11	4	5	3	0	79	10	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	26	9	3	3	3	1	84	6	175055
2020	Indigenous	47	24	13	5	7	3	1	74	12	7528
2020	First Nations	48	24	13	5	6	3	1	74	12	3309
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	57	18	12	6	3	3	1	78	10	250
2020	Métis	46	24	13	5	7	3	0	73	13	3786
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	27	12	4	3	3	1	79	8	178028

Question 78. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	22	8	10	11	1	0	71	21	6875
2022	First Nations	50	22	9	9	10	1	1	73	19	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	52	18	10	11	7	2	0	71	18	240
2022	Métis	46	23	8	10	11	1	0	70	22	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	26	9	9	8	2	1	74	17	175015
2020	Indigenous	39	25	11	12	13	1	0	64	25	7549
2020	First Nations	39	25	11	12	12	1	0	64	24	3308
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	49	25	7	11	8	0	0	74	19	248
2020	Métis	38	25	11	11	14	1	0	64	25	3806
2020	Non-Indigenous	39	29	11	11	8	1	1	69	19	178505

Question 79. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	55	25	7	5	6	1	0	81	12	6875
2022	First Nations	57	23	8	5	6	1	0	81	11	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	58	26	5	4	4	2	0	87	8	240
2022	Métis	53	26	7	6	7	1	0	80	13	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	55	28	7	5	4	1	1	84	10	175055
2020	Indigenous	48	27	9	8	8	1	0	75	16	7533
2020	First Nations	49	27	9	8	7	1	0	76	15	3318
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	58	20	12	5	4	0	0	79	9	248
2020	Métis	46	27	9	9	9	0	0	74	18	3780
2020	Non-Indigenous	50	29	9	7	4	1	0	80	11	178194

Question 80. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	27	34	14	12	12	2	62	24	6870
2022	First Nations	28	34	14	12	10	2	64	22	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	37	13	11	8	0	68	19	240
2022	Métis	26	34	13	12	14	2	61	26	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	29	38	13	10	7	2	69	18	174950
2020	Indigenous	32	29	15	11	12	1	61	23	7563
2020	First Nations	33	29	16	11	10	1	63	21	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	42	25	14	8	9	1	68	18	250
2020	Métis	30	29	14	12	13	1	60	26	3808
2020	Non-Indigenous	34	33	15	9	6	2	68	16	178818
2019	Indigenous	23	30	17	15	13	1	54	29	8029
2019	First Nations	25	30	17	14	13	1	55	27	3473
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	33	30	16	9	10	1	64	20	292
2019	Métis	22	30	17	16	14	1	53	30	4027
2019	Non-Indigenous	25	35	17	12	9	2	61	21	171542
2018	Indigenous	21	30	17	15	16	1	52	31	7233
2018	Non-Indigenous	23	36	18	13	9	2	59	23	151610

Question 82. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	22	49	10	13	5	1	0	72	18	1630
2022	First Nations	24	48	9	12	5	1	0	73	18	670
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	9	55	13	20	4	0	0	64	23	45
2022	Métis	21	50	11	13	4	1	0	71	18	850
2022	Non-Indigenous	19	50	13	13	4	1	0	70	17	42805
2020	Indigenous	27	46	10	11	5	1	0	74	16	1688
2020	First Nations	30	46	9	10	4	0	0	77	14	669
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	31	50	5	9	4	0	0	82	13	47
2020	Métis	24	47	10	13	5	1	0	72	18	928
2020	Non-Indigenous	23	47	13	12	3	1	1	71	15	42580
2019	Indigenous	23	45	14	12	5	1	1	69	17	1628
2019	First Nations	24	48	12	10	5	1	1	73	15	651
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	26	52	5	5	9	0	3	81	14	45
2019	Métis	21	43	15	14	5	1	1	65	19	892
2019	Non-Indigenous	21	45	14	12	4	2	2	68	17	39139

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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 83. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	6875
2022	First Nations	17	83	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	240
2022	Métis	19	81	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	12	88	174900
2020	Indigenous	17	83	7544
2020	First Nations	16	84	3319
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	14	86	246
2020	Métis	18	82	3793
2020	Non-Indigenous	13	87	178250
2019	Indigenous	22	78	8025
2019	First Nations	23	77	3466
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	15	85	294
2019	Métis	22	78	4026
2019	Non-Indigenous	16	84	171608

Question 84. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability refers to a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, sensory, learning or communication impairment, or a functional limitation, whether apparent or not, and permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society when they face a barrier. A barrier refers to a physical, structural, technological, socioeconomic or cultural obstruction, or one that is related to information, communications, attitudes or mindsets, that hinders a person's full and equal participation in society.
Definition of the term has changed from 2020 PSES.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	61	39	1255
2022	First Nations	62	38	515
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	79	21	35
2022	Métis	60	40	645
2022	Non-Indigenous	58	42	21360
2020	Indigenous	60	40	1319
2020	First Nations	59	41	550
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	53	47	32
2020	Métis	60	40	692
2020	Non-Indigenous	49	51	22514

Question 85. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	70	30	1250
2022	First Nations	71	29	515
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	53	47	35
2022	Métis	68	32	645
2022	Non-Indigenous	75	25	21335
2020	Indigenous	77	23	1319
2020	First Nations	76	24	548
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	78	22	34
2020	Métis	78	22	693
2020	Non-Indigenous	79	21	22511
2019	Indigenous	78	22	1792
2019	First Nations	79	21	794
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	78	22	43
2019	Métis	77	23	896
2019	Non-Indigenous	81	19	26932

Question 86. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	44	32	7	8	8	1	0	77	15	900
2022	First Nations	47	31	6	7	7	1	0	79	15	380
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	38	4	6	16	0	0	74	22	20
2022	Métis	42	33	7	7	9	1	1	77	17	455
2022	Non-Indigenous	46	33	7	8	4	1	0	81	12	16110
2020	Indigenous	48	29	10	10	4	0	0	77	13	1023
2020	First Nations	49	28	11	8	4	0	0	77	12	422
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	66	16	13	4	0	0	0	83	4	26
2020	Métis	47	30	8	11	4	0	0	77	15	546
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	34	8	7	3	0	0	83	10	17926
2019	Indigenous	46	31	7	10	6	0	0	77	16	1393
2019	First Nations	46	30	7	11	5	0	0	77	16	624
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	47	32	3	12	7	0	0	79	18	33
2019	Métis	47	31	6	9	6	1	0	79	15	694
2019	Non-Indigenous	48	32	6	9	4	0	0	81	13	21738

Question 87. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	47	29	8	6	5	3	2	80	12	6865
2022	First Nations	48	29	8	5	5	4	2	82	10	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	25	10	8	3	6	4	76	13	240
2022	Métis	47	29	7	7	5	3	2	80	13	3435
2022	Non-Indigenous	47	32	8	5	3	3	3	84	8	174915
2020	Indigenous	46	27	10	7	5	2	1	77	13	7555
2020	First Nations	47	27	11	6	5	3	1	77	11	3320
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	29	5	6	3	3	3	84	10	247
2020	Métis	47	28	9	7	6	2	1	77	14	3802
2020	Non-Indigenous	48	30	9	5	3	2	3	83	8	178769

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Compensation

Question 88. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	30	52	17	1	6875
2022	First Nations	29	54	16	2	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	33	45	20	2	240
2022	Métis	30	52	17	1	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	23	60	16	1	175075
2020	Indigenous	35	44	20	1	7579
2020	First Nations	33	45	20	2	3331
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	29	47	22	2	249
2020	Métis	37	43	20	1	3812
2020	Non-Indigenous	29	50	19	1	179243

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 89. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	39	61	1915
2022	First Nations	40	60	780
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	38	62	75
2022	Métis	40	60	980
2022	Non-Indigenous	40	60	37230
2020	Indigenous	35	65	2583
2020	First Nations	36	64	1086
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	46	54	73
2020	Métis	35	65	1349
2020	Non-Indigenous	38	62	50595

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 90. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	11	18	14	20	33	1	4	30	55	1910
2022	First Nations	13	19	12	20	30	2	5	34	53	780
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	14	23	17	17	25	2	2	38	44	75
2022	Métis	10	17	14	20	34	1	4	28	57	980
2022	Non-Indigenous	10	19	14	19	31	2	5	31	53	37230
2020	Indigenous	11	19	16	18	31	2	3	32	51	2584
2020	First Nations	13	20	17	18	27	2	3	35	48	1089
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	26	22	20	20	11	0	1	49	31	73
2020	Métis	10	18	15	18	34	1	3	29	55	1347
2020	Non-Indigenous	11	21	17	20	26	1	4	34	49	50575

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 91. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	7	17	13	18	40	2	3	25	61	1910
2022	First Nations	8	17	13	20	37	2	3	27	59	780
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	4	20	17	17	32	1	8	27	54	75
2022	Métis	6	16	13	17	43	2	2	23	63	980
2022	Non-Indigenous	6	16	13	20	39	2	4	24	63	37175
2020	Indigenous	8	14	14	19	41	1	3	23	62	2585
2020	First Nations	8	15	15	20	38	2	3	24	60	1089
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	20	16	18	18	23	2	2	39	43	73
2020	Métis	7	14	13	18	44	1	3	21	65	1348
2020	Non-Indigenous	7	16	15	22	36	1	4	25	60	50604

Question 92. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your department or agency or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	16	11	6	8	4	14	70	17	6875
2022	First Nations	43	16	11	5	7	4	15	72	15	2930
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	40	17	10	4	6	10	12	74	14	240
2022	Métis	40	16	11	7	8	4	13	68	18	3440
2022	Non-Indigenous	43	15	9	5	5	4	18	75	13	174980
2020	Indigenous	39	18	13	9	10	3	8	64	21	7561
2020	First Nations	41	18	12	9	8	3	9	67	19	3323
2020	Inuk (Inuit)	50	16	12	5	7	4	6	74	13	249
2020	Métis	38	18	14	9	12	2	8	62	23	3802
2020	Non-Indigenous	45	18	12	7	6	2	11	72	15	178878
2019	Indigenous	38	16	15	10	14	2	6	58	26	7928
2019	First Nations	40	16	14	9	12	2	6	61	24	3428
2019	Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	14	6	10	3	8	67	17	291
2019	Métis	36	16	15	11	16	1	5	55	29	3978
2019	Non-Indigenous	42	18	13	9	10	1	7	65	20	169549
2018	Indigenous	37	14	15	10	16	1	6	56	28	7232
2018	Non-Indigenous	42	16	13	9	10	1	8	64	21	151354

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Hybrid Work

Question 94. In general, which of the following best describes the percentage of time you spend working at a Government of Canada location?
Survey year	Demographic	20% (1 out of 5 days) (%)	40% (2 out of 5 days) (%)	60% (3 out of 5 days) (%)	80% (4 out of 5 days) (%)	Other Please specify (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	25	12	8	14	2870
2022	First Nations	42	25	12	9	13	1225
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	31	13	15	26	15	90
2022	Métis	41	26	11	7	16	1450
2022	Non-Indigenous	35	31	11	7	15	78730

Question 95. When working at a Government of Canada location, do you usually work there on the same days of the week?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	73	27	4235
2022	First Nations	76	24	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	76	24	180
2022	Métis	71	29	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	71	29	101605

Question 96a. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Attend meetings
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	38	62	4235
2022	First Nations	40	60	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	48	52	180
2022	Métis	36	64	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	101525

Question 96b. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Participate in team building activities
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	50	50	4235
2022	First Nations	50	50	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	56	44	180
2022	Métis	49	51	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	54	46	101525

Question 96c. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Collaborate on projects with colleagues (e.g., brainstorming)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	41	59	4235
2022	First Nations	43	57	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	54	46	180
2022	Métis	39	61	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	44	56	101525

Question 96d. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Work with stakeholders or clients
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	29	71	4235
2022	First Nations	30	70	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	37	63	180
2022	Métis	26	74	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	26	74	101525

Question 96e. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing onboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	4235
2022	First Nations	35	65	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	36	64	180
2022	Métis	34	66	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	38	62	101525

Question 96f. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Completing offboarding of employees
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	19	81	4235
2022	First Nations	20	80	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	20	80	180
2022	Métis	20	80	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	101525

Question 96g. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Perform individual work
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	33	67	4235
2022	First Nations	35	65	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	44	56	180
2022	Métis	31	69	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	28	72	101525

Question 96h. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Completing other administrative work (e.g., tasks related to human resources, finance and security)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	26	74	4235
2022	First Nations	28	72	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	42	58	180
2022	Métis	25	75	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	20	80	101525

Question 96i. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? … Discussing sensitive issues
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	34	66	4235
2022	First Nations	36	64	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	39	61	180
2022	Métis	32	68	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	32	68	101525

Question 96j. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Training
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	37	63	4235
2022	First Nations	37	63	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	50	50	180
2022	Métis	37	63	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	33	67	101525

Question 96k. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	4	96	4235
2022	First Nations	4	96	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	5	95	180
2022	Métis	4	96	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	5	95	101525

Question 96l. In general, which of the following activities do you feel are best completed at a Government of Canada location? ...None of the above
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	18	82	4235
2022	First Nations	16	84	1785
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	12	88	180
2022	Métis	20	80	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	16	84	101525

Question 97. Having the flexibility to choose where I work allows me to have a better work-life-balance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	60	14	6	2	4	1	12	86	7	4240
2022	First Nations	62	14	7	2	4	1	11	85	7	1790
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	49	16	12	4	2	4	13	78	7	180
2022	Métis	62	13	5	2	4	1	13	87	7	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	66	14	5	2	3	1	10	89	5	101620

Question 98. I am concerned that I will miss out on career opportunities if I am not at the Government of Canada worksite as often as others.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	8	13	17	12	34	4	13	55	25	4240
2022	First Nations	9	12	18	12	34	3	12	55	25	1790
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	7	16	25	13	21	5	13	42	28	180
2022	Métis	6	13	16	12	36	4	14	57	24	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	7	14	16	14	35	4	11	58	24	101605

Question 99. I believe team members who attend meetings virtually would feel less included than those who attend in person.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2022	Indigenous	9	18	19	13	29	5	7	48	31	4240
2022	First Nations	10	17	21	13	29	5	5	47	30	1790
2022	Inuk (Inuit)	11	23	25	12	15	7	8	31	40	180
2022	Métis	9	17	17	12	32	6	7	50	30	2105
2022	Non-Indigenous	8	20	17	15	29	5	6	49	32	101625

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Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2022 Public Service Employee Survey Results for the Public Service by Question 119. Do you identify as an Indigenous person?

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal or negative impact on my career.

Question 24. In my work unit, I would feel safe to speak about racism in the workplace without negative impact on my mental health.

Question 25. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 26. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 27. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 28. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 29. My immediate supervisor supports the use of flexible work hours (e.g., varying the start and end times of the workday).

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 31. When I communicate with my immediate supervisor, I feel free to use the official language of my choice.

Question 32. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 33. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 34. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 35. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 36. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 37. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 38. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 39. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 40. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 41. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 42. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 45. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 46. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 47. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workforce.

Question 48. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 49. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsperson, human resources advisor).

Question 50. I feel that racism in my department or agency has had an adverse or negative impact on my mental health.

Question 51. I feel that the Call to Action on Anti-Racism, Equity and Inclusion has had a positive impact in my department or agency, since it launched in January 2021.

Question 52. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 53. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 54. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 55. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 56_1. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 56_2. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 57. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 58a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? ...Co-workers

Question 58b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals with authority over me

Question 58c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals working for me

Question 58d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 58e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Individuals from other departments or agencies

Question 58f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 58g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? …Other

Question 59a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Aggressive behaviour

Question 59b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Excessive control

Question 59c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Being excluded or being ignored

Question 59d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Humiliation

Question 59e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. ...Interference with work or withholding resources