2020 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Statistical Survey Operations by Question 120. Are you a member of a visible minority group?

The results of the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison, or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 38 1 5 1 0 0 93 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 40 36 6 13 5 0 0 76 18 780

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 83 15 1 0 0 0 0 99 0 222
2020 Non-visible minority 80 15 3 1 1 1 0 95 2 773
2017 Visible minority 78 17 2 1 1 1 0 95 2 172
2017 Non-visible minority 81 15 2 1 0 0 0 96 2 1078
2014 Visible minority 73 20 2 0 3 1 1 95 3 105
2014 Non-visible minority 80 14 2 2 1 0 1 94 3 932

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 58 26 9 3 3 0 2 85 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 44 30 11 10 5 0 1 74 15 778
2019 Visible minority 38 41 10 7 2 0 3 80 9 133
2019 Non-visible minority 38 33 9 9 5 0 7 76 15 765
2017 Visible minority 35 27 9 16 7 0 4 65 25 173
2017 Non-visible minority 36 31 11 10 6 0 7 71 17 1081
2014 Visible minority 40 38 8 3 4 0 6 84 8 105
2014 Non-visible minority 35 31 11 10 7 0 6 70 18 929

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 51 36 6 6 1 0 0 87 7 221
2020 Non-visible minority 29 39 12 14 7 0 0 68 21 774
2019 Visible minority 48 39 3 8 2 0 0 87 10 134
2019 Non-visible minority 36 40 8 13 3 0 0 76 16 768
2018 Visible minority 44 44 3 6 3 0 0 88 9 140
2018 Non-visible minority 35 46 6 10 3 0 0 81 12 825
2017 Visible minority 41 42 9 5 3 0 0 83 8 173
2017 Non-visible minority 36 42 8 10 4 0 0 78 14 1080
2014 Visible minority 51 38 4 4 3 0 0 89 8 105
2014 Non-visible minority 31 44 10 11 4 0 0 75 15 934

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 34 9 5 0 1 0 86 5 221
2020 Non-visible minority 44 29 10 11 5 0 1 74 16 776
2019 Visible minority 43 29 13 10 4 1 0 72 15 134
2019 Non-visible minority 36 35 11 12 5 0 1 71 17 771
2017 Visible minority 34 37 13 10 6 0 0 72 15 172
2017 Non-visible minority 37 35 11 11 5 0 0 73 17 1081
2014 Visible minority 39 34 12 8 7 0 1 73 15 105
2014 Non-visible minority 34 35 11 12 6 1 1 71 18 934

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 31 9 8 5 1 0 78 13 223
2020 Non-visible minority 32 27 19 11 9 1 1 60 20 777
2019 Visible minority 30 31 13 14 9 2 0 63 23 134
2019 Non-visible minority 32 31 14 12 9 1 1 64 22 771
2018 Visible minority 28 28 19 10 14 0 1 57 24 140
2018 Non-visible minority 27 33 15 12 11 1 1 61 24 827
2017 Visible minority 27 29 18 13 13 0 1 56 26 173
2017 Non-visible minority 30 29 17 12 10 0 2 60 23 1081
2014 Visible minority 30 35 14 9 11 0 2 66 20 105
2014 Non-visible minority 29 32 15 14 9 1 1 62 23 930

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 36 12 5 3 1 0 80 8 223
2020 Non-visible minority 35 36 15 8 6 1 0 71 14 783
2019 Visible minority 26 34 20 9 11 0 0 60 20 134
2019 Non-visible minority 36 36 16 7 5 0 0 72 13 771
2018 Visible minority 23 31 28 6 11 1 0 55 18 140
2018 Non-visible minority 31 39 15 9 6 0 0 70 15 827
2017 Visible minority 26 40 16 8 9 1 0 66 18 173
2017 Non-visible minority 31 40 13 9 6 0 0 72 15 1083
2014 Visible minority 29 35 24 6 7 0 0 63 12 104
2014 Non-visible minority 30 43 14 7 5 0 0 73 13 931

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 25 36 20 9 5 3 2 64 15 223
2020 Non-visible minority 20 32 23 13 10 2 1 53 24 782
2019 Visible minority 20 30 18 16 14 1 0 51 31 134
2019 Non-visible minority 22 28 16 18 15 1 0 51 33 770
2018 Visible minority 16 27 22 16 18 0 0 44 34 140
2018 Non-visible minority 20 30 15 18 16 1 0 51 34 826
2017 Visible minority 16 32 20 14 17 0 1 49 31 173
2017 Non-visible minority 19 34 15 17 14 0 0 53 32 1082
2014 Visible minority 27 36 14 10 13 0 0 63 23 104
2014 Non-visible minority 20 35 16 15 13 0 0 55 28 933

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 49 35 8 6 0 0 0 85 7 221
2020 Non-visible minority 32 39 12 13 3 0 0 72 16 773
2019 Visible minority 39 34 14 10 3 0 0 73 13 134
2019 Non-visible minority 39 37 12 8 3 0 0 77 11 769
2018 Visible minority 37 41 12 5 5 0 0 78 10 138
2018 Non-visible minority 37 40 11 8 3 0 1 78 11 827
2017 Visible minority 37 41 9 6 5 0 1 79 12 173
2017 Non-visible minority 40 41 8 7 3 0 0 82 10 1081

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 27 8 2 1 0 0 89 3 223
2020 Non-visible minority 42 39 10 5 2 1 0 82 7 777
2019 Visible minority 53 28 8 8 2 2 0 82 10 132
2019 Non-visible minority 45 35 11 5 3 1 0 81 8 771
2018 Visible minority 52 32 5 5 4 1 0 85 9 140
2018 Non-visible minority 43 37 10 6 3 0 0 81 9 825
2017 Visible minority 48 33 10 4 6 0 0 81 10 172
2017 Non-visible minority 46 36 10 5 2 0 0 83 7 1081
2014 Visible minority 51 37 7 2 4 0 0 88 5 105
2014 Non-visible minority 42 41 8 5 3 0 0 84 8 933

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 32 34 18 9 4 1 1 67 14 223
2020 Non-visible minority 21 34 20 13 11 1 0 56 24 781
2019 Visible minority 26 29 21 10 14 0 0 56 24 134
2019 Non-visible minority 22 33 19 14 11 1 0 56 25 771
2018 Visible minority 14 31 28 12 15 0 0 45 27 139
2018 Non-visible minority 19 33 18 14 16 0 0 52 30 828
2017 Visible minority 22 30 20 12 16 1 0 52 28 173
2017 Non-visible minority 19 34 19 15 12 0 0 53 28 1083

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 60 25 10 3 1 0 0 85 4 220
2020 Non-visible minority 53 30 10 4 2 0 0 83 6 771
2019 Visible minority 43 30 15 6 5 1 0 74 11 133
2019 Non-visible minority 53 29 13 3 2 0 0 82 5 770
2018 Visible minority 36 37 15 5 6 1 0 73 12 140
2018 Non-visible minority 48 32 13 4 3 0 0 80 7 828
2017 Visible minority 42 33 18 3 4 0 0 75 7 172
2017 Non-visible minority 52 31 10 4 2 0 0 83 7 1081
2014 Visible minority 58 27 9 1 5 0 0 85 6 104
2014 Non-visible minority 61 26 9 2 1 0 0 87 4 935

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 21 23 25 16 9 3 3 47 27 222
2020 Non-visible minority 11 25 23 21 17 3 1 37 39 779
2019 Visible minority 19 22 13 23 19 2 2 43 44 133
2019 Non-visible minority 13 27 18 21 19 1 0 40 41 769
2018 Visible minority 12 23 21 20 23 0 2 35 44 139
2018 Non-visible minority 9 25 21 20 23 1 1 34 44 827
2017 Visible minority 16 25 22 13 20 0 3 43 34 172
2017 Non-visible minority 12 27 19 20 20 1 1 40 41 1080
2014 Visible minority 14 31 19 19 14 0 2 46 34 105
2014 Non-visible minority 11 32 19 20 17 1 1 43 38 933

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 22 21 30 13 10 2 3 45 24 223
2020 Non-visible minority 15 23 25 17 17 2 2 39 35 782
2019 Visible minority 14 25 17 21 21 2 0 39 43 134
2019 Non-visible minority 15 23 22 19 20 1 1 39 39 770
2018 Visible minority 10 23 17 22 24 1 3 35 48 140
2018 Non-visible minority 12 24 21 21 21 0 1 36 43 828
2017 Visible minority 16 25 18 16 22 2 2 43 39 172
2017 Non-visible minority 16 25 19 20 18 0 1 42 38 1078
2014 Visible minority 22 24 19 14 17 0 4 47 33 104
2014 Non-visible minority 15 26 24 18 15 0 1 42 34 934

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 38 17 6 3 0 0 74 8 222
2020 Non-visible minority 26 38 17 12 6 1 0 65 18 774
2019 Visible minority 22 35 24 8 9 2 0 58 18 134
2019 Non-visible minority 24 35 21 12 7 1 0 60 19 771
2018 Visible minority 18 32 23 16 10 1 0 51 26 140
2018 Non-visible minority 21 36 20 15 7 0 0 57 22 827
2017 Visible minority 21 39 21 10 9 1 0 60 19 172
2017 Non-visible minority 22 39 18 12 8 0 1 61 21 1074
2014 Visible minority 28 37 17 9 9 1 0 66 18 104
2014 Non-visible minority 24 37 18 14 6 1 1 62 20 932

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 46 36 11 4 1 1 0 83 5 222
2020 Non-visible minority 39 37 12 7 5 0 0 76 12 782
2019 Visible minority 34 29 19 11 7 0 0 63 18 134
2019 Non-visible minority 40 37 14 6 4 0 0 76 10 769
2018 Visible minority 26 31 23 10 10 0 0 57 20 140
2018 Non-visible minority 36 39 14 6 6 0 0 75 12 826
2017 Visible minority 29 37 19 4 9 1 0 67 13 171
2017 Non-visible minority 39 36 14 6 5 0 0 75 11 1080
2014 Visible minority 39 36 13 6 6 0 0 75 12 104
2014 Non-visible minority 41 36 13 6 4 0 0 77 10 931

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 64 22 7 2 0 2 4 91 2 223
2020 Non-visible minority 55 24 11 3 2 1 5 84 5 780
2019 Visible minority 52 28 9 3 0 1 7 87 3 134
2019 Non-visible minority 51 26 10 2 1 1 9 86 3 768
2018 Visible minority 53 34 6 1 0 1 5 92 1 140
2018 Non-visible minority 58 22 9 2 1 1 7 87 3 827
2017 Visible minority 59 31 3 0 1 2 5 96 1 173
2017 Non-visible minority 57 23 7 2 0 1 9 89 3 1080
2014 Visible minority 59 31 4 0 1 1 4 95 1 105
2014 Non-visible minority 53 28 9 1 1 0 8 88 2 932

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 5 11 32 24 22 2 4 49 17 222
2020 Non-visible minority 9 20 27 21 17 3 4 41 30 779
2019 Visible minority 8 12 26 23 25 3 3 51 21 134
2019 Non-visible minority 5 11 32 28 19 1 3 49 18 769
2018 Visible minority 11 8 23 25 17 2 13 49 23 137
2018 Non-visible minority 7 16 24 24 21 2 5 48 25 825
2017 Visible minority 5 14 23 23 21 4 11 52 21 172
2017 Non-visible minority 5 10 30 25 23 2 4 52 16 1079
2014 Visible minority 11 13 20 22 26 1 7 52 26 104
2014 Non-visible minority 4 14 30 27 20 1 4 50 19 932

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... lack of stability in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 8 20 24 30 6 5 61 17 220
2020 Non-visible minority 9 13 23 23 23 6 3 51 24 777
2019 Visible minority 11 13 26 19 27 1 3 48 25 132
2019 Non-visible minority 5 14 25 25 25 3 2 53 20 767
2018 Visible minority 16 16 24 13 20 2 10 38 36 137
2018 Non-visible minority 10 19 21 20 24 3 4 47 31 828
2017 Visible minority 11 18 16 20 25 4 5 50 32 171
2017 Non-visible minority 7 13 25 21 26 4 5 51 22 1076
2014 Visible minority 19 19 13 17 24 0 8 45 41 104
2014 Non-visible minority 7 14 25 22 25 2 4 50 23 930

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 4 9 17 23 29 6 11 63 17 222
2020 Non-visible minority 8 11 21 17 25 10 9 51 23 776
2019 Visible minority 11 11 16 21 26 7 7 55 27 134
2019 Non-visible minority 5 12 22 24 21 8 8 53 21 766
2018 Visible minority 11 13 24 19 14 4 16 40 30 136
2018 Non-visible minority 10 15 21 19 20 5 10 46 29 823
2017 Visible minority 11 12 19 15 22 8 14 47 29 172
2017 Non-visible minority 6 12 22 20 22 6 12 51 22 1076
2014 Visible minority 13 15 17 19 20 6 10 47 33 103
2014 Non-visible minority 6 13 22 21 22 6 9 51 23 933

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 3 4 11 25 43 5 9 79 8 221
2020 Non-visible minority 2 6 19 27 35 4 7 69 9 775
2019 Visible minority 6 5 14 24 33 4 14 70 13 133
2019 Non-visible minority 3 6 18 34 30 2 6 70 10 769
2018 Visible minority 4 9 25 21 24 2 16 55 15 137
2018 Non-visible minority 4 8 21 27 32 1 7 65 13 827
2017 Visible minority 5 8 15 22 32 4 15 67 15 170
2017 Non-visible minority 2 5 18 31 32 3 8 71 8 1074
2014 Visible minority 4 8 21 29 29 1 8 64 14 103
2014 Non-visible minority 3 7 21 34 27 2 7 67 10 935

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 3 5 18 22 42 3 7 71 9 222
2020 Non-visible minority 7 12 19 19 32 5 6 58 21 778
2019 Visible minority 6 10 12 23 33 6 9 67 19 134
2019 Non-visible minority 5 9 22 25 29 3 7 60 16 765
2018 Visible minority 10 13 20 23 23 1 11 51 26 137
2018 Non-visible minority 6 13 22 22 28 2 7 54 22 825
2017 Visible minority 7 11 16 22 31 3 11 61 20 172
2017 Non-visible minority 5 9 20 23 31 3 9 62 15 1077
2014 Visible minority 7 12 20 25 25 1 10 56 21 104
2014 Non-visible minority 5 11 23 25 28 1 8 57 17 931

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 3 9 14 16 30 20 8 64 17 222
2020 Non-visible minority 4 12 19 18 22 19 6 53 21 773
2019 Visible minority 14 9 15 20 24 11 7 53 28 133
2019 Non-visible minority 10 14 23 19 21 8 6 45 28 766
2018 Visible minority 20 13 18 12 17 8 12 36 42 138
2018 Non-visible minority 13 17 21 17 20 5 7 42 35 827
2017 Visible minority 9 15 16 17 24 10 9 51 30 171
2017 Non-visible minority 9 11 22 19 25 6 8 51 23 1078
2014 Visible minority 12 15 19 14 21 10 9 44 33 105
2014 Non-visible minority 8 15 19 18 25 7 8 51 27 932

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 4 8 18 21 34 7 9 65 13 223
2020 Non-visible minority 6 14 28 19 21 7 5 45 23 778
2019 Visible minority 9 6 23 17 31 6 8 56 18 134
2019 Non-visible minority 5 16 28 21 20 6 4 46 24 766
2018 Visible minority 16 11 22 18 15 4 13 41 33 138
2018 Non-visible minority 10 20 24 19 18 3 6 41 33 828
2017 Visible minority 9 9 24 17 27 4 11 52 21 172
2017 Non-visible minority 8 14 25 20 23 3 7 48 25 1079
2014 Visible minority 11 7 25 15 27 2 14 49 21 104
2014 Non-visible minority 8 14 29 19 20 5 6 44 24 933

Question 18h. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 2 9 20 25 34 4 6 65 12 222
2020 Non-visible minority 7 17 33 23 18 1 1 42 24 780
2019 Visible minority 9 12 28 24 23 3 2 49 22 134
2019 Non-visible minority 7 14 32 25 18 2 2 45 22 766
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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 24 22 27 5 3 11 8 57 10 221
2020 Non-visible minority 17 22 21 7 5 15 13 53 17 779
2019 Visible minority 26 20 18 10 9 12 5 56 22 134
2019 Non-visible minority 22 23 17 9 8 13 7 57 22 767
2018 Visible minority 9 22 27 14 14 5 9 36 32 139
2018 Non-visible minority 13 22 21 15 10 11 8 43 31 828
2017 Visible minority 20 22 20 8 16 9 5 49 28 172
2017 Non-visible minority 19 23 19 13 10 8 8 51 27 1082
2014 Visible minority 35 22 23 4 8 4 4 62 14 108
2014 Non-visible minority 20 27 18 12 7 8 8 56 23 940

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 22 15 6 3 7 3 74 10 222
2020 Non-visible minority 37 24 11 8 7 9 4 70 17 777
2019 Visible minority 39 27 11 9 9 3 1 69 19 134
2019 Non-visible minority 37 28 9 10 10 4 3 70 21 768
2018 Visible minority 27 28 13 13 17 3 0 56 31 140
2018 Non-visible minority 31 26 13 13 13 3 2 60 27 829
2017 Visible minority 38 18 16 12 12 3 1 59 25 173
2017 Non-visible minority 34 28 12 12 9 3 2 65 23 1082
2014 Visible minority 40 25 14 9 8 3 1 68 18 106
2014 Non-visible minority 35 27 14 11 8 3 2 65 19 937

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 51 30 11 2 1 3 2 85 3 221
2020 Non-visible minority 49 30 8 5 1 3 3 84 7 781
2019 Visible minority 43 36 9 6 4 0 1 80 11 134
2019 Non-visible minority 41 36 9 8 3 1 2 79 11 770
2018 Visible minority 32 34 19 9 5 1 1 67 14 140
2018 Non-visible minority 34 39 9 9 4 2 2 77 14 833
2017 Visible minority 36 40 9 9 5 2 0 78 14 173
2017 Non-visible minority 38 37 10 8 4 1 2 78 12 1083
2014 Visible minority 41 34 14 5 4 1 0 77 10 107
2014 Non-visible minority 37 38 12 8 2 1 1 77 11 938

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 24 25 3 4 7 6 64 8 220
2020 Non-visible minority 23 30 23 7 4 8 5 61 12 777
2019 Visible minority 31 33 18 7 6 5 1 67 14 134
2019 Non-visible minority 27 32 20 8 5 4 5 64 14 770
2018 Visible minority 16 30 29 9 6 6 4 51 17 140
2018 Non-visible minority 19 33 24 8 6 6 4 57 16 833

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel free to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal.

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 18 21 5 5 18 10 57 14 223
2020 Non-visible minority 38 17 14 4 3 13 11 72 9 779
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 24. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 17 21 5 7 7 22 55 16 222
2020 Non-visible minority 14 17 23 6 8 6 26 44 21 779
2019 Visible minority 17 16 21 7 15 4 20 43 28 133
2019 Non-visible minority 16 18 16 8 12 3 27 48 28 771

Question 25. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 34 32 10 8 5 4 7 74 15 223
2020 Non-visible minority 27 28 19 12 8 4 3 59 21 782
2019 Visible minority 36 33 12 14 5 0 0 69 19 134
2019 Non-visible minority 36 31 13 12 7 0 0 67 20 776
2018 Visible minority 35 35 13 6 11 0 0 70 17 140
2018 Non-visible minority 38 36 9 9 7 0 0 74 16 834
2017 Visible minority 36 33 13 9 9 0 0 69 18 173
2017 Non-visible minority 41 32 11 10 6 0 0 73 16 1084
2014 Visible minority 48 33 7 5 5 1 1 83 10 108
2014 Non-visible minority 43 35 10 8 5 0 0 78 13 935

Question 26. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 24 16 28 5 6 11 9 51 14 222
2020 Non-visible minority 20 19 24 8 7 10 13 50 19 779

Question 27. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 28 14 6 4 5 5 74 11 223
2020 Non-visible minority 30 28 19 11 7 3 3 62 18 782
2019 Visible minority 35 36 9 10 7 2 2 73 17 134
2019 Non-visible minority 37 31 12 12 6 1 1 69 18 774
2018 Visible minority 35 36 12 7 10 0 1 72 16 140
2018 Non-visible minority 36 34 12 11 6 1 0 71 17 833
2017 Visible minority 35 35 15 7 7 0 1 71 15 173
2017 Non-visible minority 37 35 11 11 5 1 0 73 16 1083
2014 Visible minority 43 30 12 9 5 0 1 74 14 108
2014 Non-visible minority 39 38 9 9 4 0 0 78 12 942

Question 28. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you requested flexible work hours, either formally or informally?

Flexible work hours mean that an employee is able to vary the start and end times of their workday.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 65 223
2020 Non-visible minority 29 71 781

Question 29. During the COVID-19 pandemic, my immediate supervisor supported the use of flexible work hours.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 27 15 19 6 4 9 21 59 13 222
2020 Non-visible minority 18 14 15 5 7 13 28 54 21 774

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 28 13 7 3 2 2 75 11 223
2020 Non-visible minority 36 29 17 10 6 2 1 66 16 783
2019 Visible minority 38 28 17 10 7 0 0 66 17 134
2019 Non-visible minority 40 29 15 10 5 0 0 70 16 776
2018 Visible minority 30 32 16 10 13 0 0 61 23 140
2018 Non-visible minority 40 30 13 10 6 0 0 70 17 833
2017 Visible minority 32 34 15 7 10 2 0 67 17 173
2017 Non-visible minority 38 32 15 9 6 0 0 71 14 1084
2014 Visible minority 40 33 9 5 11 1 0 74 16 108
2014 Non-visible minority 45 30 12 8 5 0 0 75 13 939
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Senior Management

Question 31. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 23 16 2 5 14 3 73 8 223
2020 Non-visible minority 31 22 14 7 5 21 1 67 15 781
2019 Visible minority 31 27 16 10 8 9 0 63 19 134
2019 Non-visible minority 28 25 16 11 7 12 1 61 20 769
2018 Visible minority 21 19 23 13 13 10 1 45 29 137
2018 Non-visible minority 22 29 17 11 10 11 1 57 24 824
2017 Visible minority 28 25 16 11 11 9 1 58 24 173
2017 Non-visible minority 27 30 15 10 8 10 1 64 20 1077
2014 Visible minority 33 28 13 7 9 9 0 68 17 108
2014 Non-visible minority 28 29 17 9 6 10 1 64 18 923

Question 32. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 25 16 5 5 7 3 72 10 223
2020 Non-visible minority 30 27 15 11 8 9 0 63 21 779
2019 Visible minority 32 27 20 9 11 0 0 60 20 134
2019 Non-visible minority 25 31 18 13 9 3 0 58 23 771
2018 Visible minority 20 18 24 18 17 3 0 39 36 138
2018 Non-visible minority 22 30 19 16 11 2 0 53 27 825
2017 Visible minority 26 32 17 7 15 2 1 60 23 173
2017 Non-visible minority 25 31 16 15 10 2 1 58 26 1075
2014 Visible minority 31 32 11 11 11 4 0 66 23 106
2014 Non-visible minority 26 31 19 13 8 3 1 59 21 927

Question 33. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 29 15 6 4 8 4 72 11 223
2020 Non-visible minority 20 25 19 12 10 14 1 52 26 779
2019 Visible minority 20 30 23 7 12 7 0 54 21 134
2019 Non-visible minority 18 28 18 18 10 7 1 50 31 771
2018 Visible minority 17 16 20 21 17 9 0 37 41 138
2018 Non-visible minority 16 26 21 18 12 7 0 45 33 826
2017 Visible minority 18 36 17 7 13 9 1 60 22 173
2017 Non-visible minority 17 30 19 16 9 8 0 52 28 1079
2014 Visible minority 21 29 15 11 14 10 0 56 27 106
2014 Non-visible minority 14 33 23 14 7 9 0 52 23 935

Question 34. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 28 13 7 6 7 0 71 15 223
2020 Non-visible minority 19 26 17 15 14 8 0 50 32 780
2019 Visible minority 19 34 13 16 13 4 0 55 31 133
2019 Non-visible minority 15 28 18 19 14 6 1 46 35 772
2018 Visible minority 21 25 19 16 17 2 0 47 34 137
2018 Non-visible minority 14 24 18 21 17 5 0 41 41 824
2017 Visible minority 23 30 17 10 14 6 1 57 26 173
2017 Non-visible minority 16 29 16 18 15 5 0 48 35 1080
2014 Visible minority 21 30 19 15 9 7 0 55 25 107
2014 Non-visible minority 16 31 17 19 11 6 0 49 32 934

Question 35. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 14 10 3 4 20 4 77 10 222
2020 Non-visible minority 40 14 7 3 4 27 5 80 10 782
2019 Visible minority 42 14 7 8 9 18 2 71 20 132
2019 Non-visible minority 36 14 7 4 5 26 6 75 14 771
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 36. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 36 14 5 1 3 0 79 7 221
2020 Non-visible minority 27 34 18 10 6 5 0 65 16 779
2019 Visible minority 35 29 20 8 6 2 0 65 14 134
2019 Non-visible minority 23 38 19 12 6 2 0 62 19 777
2018 Visible minority 26 34 20 13 7 1 0 61 20 140
2018 Non-visible minority 21 38 20 12 8 1 0 60 21 831
2017 Visible minority 28 42 12 8 7 2 1 72 16 172
2017 Non-visible minority 24 38 17 13 5 1 1 63 19 1081
2014 Visible minority 33 33 16 12 6 1 0 66 18 108
2014 Non-visible minority 26 42 15 9 6 2 1 70 15 943

Question 37. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 33 29 16 7 3 10 2 70 12 221
2020 Non-visible minority 20 28 20 15 8 9 1 53 26 771
2019 Visible minority 21 27 25 15 9 3 0 50 25 134
2019 Non-visible minority 13 29 22 18 10 7 0 45 30 774

Question 38. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 30 24 13 10 5 8 8 66 19 222
2020 Non-visible minority 28 29 15 10 8 7 3 64 19 780
2019 Visible minority 32 22 21 6 8 7 4 61 16 134
2019 Non-visible minority 28 33 13 9 8 5 2 67 19 775
2018 Visible minority 21 25 21 12 15 5 2 49 28 140
2018 Non-visible minority 26 34 14 12 8 4 2 64 21 832
2017 Visible minority 27 37 9 11 13 3 1 66 25 173
2017 Non-visible minority 30 33 14 10 6 4 3 67 18 1083
2014 Visible minority 35 30 12 11 4 7 1 71 16 107
2014 Non-visible minority 32 32 14 9 6 4 2 69 17 940

Question 39. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 28 17 7 3 7 2 70 11 222
2020 Non-visible minority 31 29 19 7 4 9 1 67 12 776
2019 Visible minority 35 29 18 7 8 3 0 66 16 134
2019 Non-visible minority 26 30 23 10 6 4 1 59 17 776
2018 Visible minority 27 24 26 11 12 0 0 51 23 140
2018 Non-visible minority 24 32 22 9 9 3 1 59 18 832

Question 40. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 29 16 14 10 8 17 6 58 24 219
2020 Non-visible minority 21 20 17 12 11 16 2 50 29 772
2019 Visible minority 29 18 12 13 18 9 2 52 35 134
2019 Non-visible minority 16 21 16 15 17 14 1 44 37 775
2018 Visible minority 18 18 18 12 22 11 1 41 38 140
2018 Non-visible minority 15 20 16 16 19 12 1 41 40 832
2017 Visible minority 17 24 14 13 20 11 2 47 37 173
2017 Non-visible minority 15 20 16 15 19 13 2 42 40 1084
2014 Visible minority 21 21 21 12 14 8 3 47 29 108
2014 Non-visible minority 17 22 18 17 16 9 1 43 37 943

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 22 19 22 8 8 18 4 52 20 220
2020 Non-visible minority 15 19 22 13 11 18 4 43 30 774
2019 Visible minority 13 18 18 15 24 10 2 35 45 134
2019 Non-visible minority 11 16 25 15 17 12 3 33 38 776
2018 Visible minority 12 12 25 15 23 10 3 27 44 140
2018 Non-visible minority 9 18 23 17 22 9 2 31 43 831
2017 Visible minority 14 20 20 13 22 9 3 38 40 173
2017 Non-visible minority 11 18 23 14 18 11 4 34 39 1084
2014 Visible minority 19 16 23 18 16 5 3 38 37 105
2014 Non-visible minority 9 18 26 16 16 11 4 32 37 939

Question 42. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 18 20 9 11 15 4 51 25 223
2020 Non-visible minority 14 18 17 13 16 13 8 40 38 780
2019 Visible minority 14 19 16 11 28 9 2 37 44 134
2019 Non-visible minority 11 18 19 14 23 8 6 34 44 776
2018 Visible minority 7 16 20 18 30 5 2 26 53 140
2018 Non-visible minority 9 19 16 18 26 6 6 31 50 837
2017 Visible minority 13 20 20 13 23 8 3 37 41 173
2017 Non-visible minority 8 18 19 17 24 8 6 30 48 1084
2014 Visible minority 15 17 20 16 22 9 1 35 43 107
2014 Non-visible minority 10 17 21 18 22 6 6 31 45 942

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 18 12 7 2 4 13 75 11 223
2020 Non-visible minority 42 19 12 7 6 3 12 71 15 780
2019 Visible minority 43 16 16 10 5 6 4 66 16 133
2019 Non-visible minority 40 21 13 6 5 2 13 71 13 774

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 14 10 5 6 9 14 74 13 222
2020 Non-visible minority 42 15 13 5 6 7 12 70 14 780
2019 Visible minority 34 14 13 13 15 5 6 54 31 134
2019 Non-visible minority 35 14 15 8 7 8 13 63 18 777

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 61 8 7 1 1 9 12 87 4 223
2020 Non-visible minority 70 6 3 3 2 5 11 91 5 778
2019 Visible minority 57 11 7 5 7 9 3 78 14 133
2019 Non-visible minority 65 7 5 3 3 5 12 87 7 777

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 57 9 6 3 2 8 16 86 6 220
2020 Non-visible minority 61 8 6 2 3 4 16 86 7 781
2019 Visible minority 57 8 8 5 6 3 13 77 13 133
2019 Non-visible minority 63 7 4 2 3 4 17 89 6 777

Question 44. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 16 25 21 10 7 18 4 52 22 222
2020 Non-visible minority 9 25 21 16 12 14 2 41 33 768
2019 Visible minority 15 19 17 16 17 15 2 41 40 134
2019 Non-visible minority 8 22 22 19 18 9 2 34 41 778
2018 Visible minority 5 14 24 21 20 14 2 23 49 140
2018 Non-visible minority 7 18 25 22 18 8 1 28 45 836
2017 Visible minority 8 23 29 10 20 9 2 34 34 173
2017 Non-visible minority 8 23 21 20 19 8 2 34 42 1085

Question 45. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 24 13 5 4 9 1 76 10 219
2020 Non-visible minority 28 31 16 7 7 10 0 66 16 772
2019 Visible minority 38 31 11 6 10 3 1 72 16 134
2019 Non-visible minority 27 32 16 12 7 5 1 63 20 779
2018 Visible minority 30 36 14 9 10 2 0 67 19 140
2018 Non-visible minority 29 33 17 10 6 4 0 65 17 837
2017 Visible minority 40 32 12 7 6 2 1 74 13 173
2017 Non-visible minority 35 35 14 7 5 4 1 73 13 1081
2014 Visible minority 52 24 11 7 4 3 0 78 11 107
2014 Non-visible minority 31 37 16 7 2 6 1 73 10 941

Question 46. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workplace.

A diverse workplace includes everyone, regardless of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital or family status, religion, age, language, culture, background, interests, views or other dimensions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 48 22 8 7 3 11 1 80 11 219
2020 Non-visible minority 38 24 14 3 3 16 2 76 8 775
2019 Visible minority 42 32 10 4 7 2 2 77 12 133
2019 Non-visible minority 35 28 13 6 5 10 3 72 13 777
2018 Visible minority 28 35 14 9 11 2 0 65 21 139
2018 Non-visible minority 33 28 18 7 4 8 2 68 12 836
2017 Visible minority 40 32 10 5 9 3 1 75 14 172
2017 Non-visible minority 36 28 16 5 5 7 3 71 11 1085
2014 Visible minority 47 23 14 6 6 4 0 73 12 107
2014 Non-visible minority 37 29 15 4 4 9 3 74 9 941

Question 47. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism.

Anti-racism is an active and consistent process of change to eliminate individual, institutional and systemic racism.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 17 17 5 4 18 3 68 11 222
2020 Non-visible minority 32 22 16 4 3 20 2 70 8 778

Question 48. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about issues related to racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsman, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 25 15 4 5 12 3 72 11 222
2020 Non-visible minority 39 28 12 5 4 8 4 77 10 779

Question 49. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 31 8 3 2 2 1 87 4 222
2020 Non-visible minority 49 28 11 7 4 2 0 78 10 780
2019 Visible minority 51 33 8 5 3 0 0 84 7 134
2019 Non-visible minority 45 28 11 10 5 0 0 74 15 778
2018 Visible minority 35 39 12 5 8 1 0 75 13 140
2018 Non-visible minority 38 35 12 10 6 0 0 73 16 837
2017 Visible minority 43 36 9 6 6 0 0 79 12 172
2017 Non-visible minority 43 34 10 8 5 0 0 77 13 1083
2014 Visible minority 54 30 7 3 7 0 0 83 10 106
2014 Non-visible minority 44 37 11 5 3 1 0 81 8 940

Question 50. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 28 16 5 4 3 1 75 8 223
2020 Non-visible minority 35 30 18 9 7 2 0 65 16 779
2019 Visible minority 34 28 18 10 9 2 0 63 19 133
2019 Non-visible minority 30 27 18 14 10 0 1 58 24 778
2018 Visible minority 30 21 24 8 17 0 0 51 25 140
2018 Non-visible minority 26 29 19 12 12 1 0 56 25 837
2017 Visible minority 30 26 25 5 14 1 0 56 19 173
2017 Non-visible minority 29 32 17 11 10 0 1 62 21 1084
2014 Visible minority 37 23 22 9 9 1 0 60 18 108
2014 Non-visible minority 28 33 19 11 7 1 1 62 19 941

Question 51. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 41 32 14 7 3 2 1 76 10 223
2020 Non-visible minority 35 30 17 9 7 1 0 66 17 775
2019 Visible minority 33 27 21 11 8 0 0 60 19 133
2019 Non-visible minority 30 32 16 12 8 0 0 63 21 778
2018 Visible minority 22 29 26 10 13 0 0 51 23 140
2018 Non-visible minority 26 32 19 13 9 1 0 58 22 837
2017 Visible minority 29 33 18 6 13 1 0 63 19 172
2017 Non-visible minority 29 36 16 12 7 0 1 65 19 1084
2014 Visible minority 37 25 17 15 6 0 0 62 21 107
2014 Non-visible minority 30 35 19 10 6 1 0 66 16 940

Question 52. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 29 18 23 11 7 10 1 53 21 223
2020 Non-visible minority 24 18 25 12 9 9 2 48 24 782
2019 Visible minority 17 18 19 15 23 8 0 38 41 133
2019 Non-visible minority 26 17 17 11 16 10 2 50 31 779
2018 Visible minority 14 14 19 22 28 3 0 29 51 140
2018 Non-visible minority 19 18 19 16 17 8 3 42 37 835
2017 Visible minority 17 18 26 17 17 6 0 37 36 173
2017 Non-visible minority 22 17 21 14 16 7 2 42 34 1082
2014 Visible minority 18 21 23 19 14 7 0 41 35 105
2014 Non-visible minority 21 20 21 12 15 9 3 46 31 942
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Mobility and Retention

Question 53. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Not sure
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 33 45 222
2020 Non-visible minority 18 41 41 783
2019 Visible minority 35 33 32 133
2019 Non-visible minority 21 49 31 772
2018 Visible minority 33 33 34 136
2018 Non-visible minority 23 46 30 818
2017 Visible minority 22 31 47 173
2017 Non-visible minority 19 50 32 1077
2014 Visible minority 25 38 38 106
2014 Non-visible minority 24 47 29 930

Question 54. Please indicate your reason for leaving.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 30 27 12 23 8 50
2020 Non-visible minority 17 14 18 9 31 11 144
2019 Visible minority 2 8 54 15 0 21 42
2019 Non-visible minority 29 13 28 13 5 12 159
2018 Visible minority 8 5 56 4 9 18 45
2018 Non-visible minority 28 10 27 19 7 10 197
2017 Visible minority 2 6 53 13 8 19 37
2017 Non-visible minority 29 6 26 17 8 14 195
2014 Visible minority 3 0 40 33 9999 24 24
2014 Non-visible minority 26 11 16 29 9999 18 207
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable act(s), comment(s) or display(s) that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 55. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 93 222
2020 Non-visible minority 7 93 778
2019 Visible minority 19 81 132
2019 Non-visible minority 21 79 773
2018 Visible minority 23 77 139
2018 Non-visible minority 20 80 834

Question 56a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 27 73 26
2019 Non-visible minority 37 63 161
2018 Visible minority 19 81 27
2018 Non-visible minority 35 65 143

Question 56b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 57 43 14
2020 Non-visible minority 72 28 57
2019 Visible minority 54 46 26
2019 Non-visible minority 58 42 161
2018 Visible minority 74 26 31
2018 Non-visible minority 65 35 159

Question 56d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 57
2019 Visible minority 0 100 26
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 161
2018 Visible minority 0 100 27
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 138

Question 56f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 36 64 57
2019 Visible minority 47 53 26
2019 Non-visible minority 38 62 161
2018 Visible minority 43 57 28
2018 Non-visible minority 46 54 149

Question 56g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 27
2018 Non-visible minority 4 96 138

Question 57a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 46 54 26
2019 Non-visible minority 43 57 162
2018 Visible minority 61 39 27
2018 Non-visible minority 46 54 154

Question 57b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 41 59 57
2019 Visible minority 52 48 26
2019 Non-visible minority 36 64 162
2018 Visible minority 48 52 30
2018 Non-visible minority 37 63 143

Question 57c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Being excluded or being ignored

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 36 64 57
2019 Visible minority 38 62 26
2019 Non-visible minority 30 70 162
2018 Visible minority 33 67 27
2018 Non-visible minority 32 68 146

Question 57d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 57 14
2020 Non-visible minority 35 65 57
2019 Visible minority 40 60 26
2019 Non-visible minority 37 63 162
2018 Visible minority 51 49 29
2018 Non-visible minority 39 61 148

Question 57e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 27 73 26
2019 Non-visible minority 24 76 162
2018 Visible minority 39 61 28
2018 Non-visible minority 22 78 145

Question 57f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 61 39 57
2019 Visible minority 54 46 26
2019 Non-visible minority 56 44 162
2018 Visible minority 61 39 27
2018 Non-visible minority 54 46 154

Question 57g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 37 63 29
2018 Non-visible minority 30 70 142

Question 57h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 57

Question 57j. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Threat
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 29 71 26
2019 Non-visible minority 23 77 162
2018 Visible minority 33 67 26
2018 Non-visible minority 26 74 144

Question 57k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 55 45 57
2019 Visible minority 51 49 26
2019 Non-visible minority 45 55 162
2018 Visible minority 58 42 30
2018 Non-visible minority 48 52 149

Question 57l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 14
2020 Non-visible minority 33 67 57
2019 Visible minority 41 59 26
2019 Non-visible minority 39 61 162
2018 Visible minority 47 53 27
2018 Non-visible minority 34 66 146

Question 57m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 22 78 26
2019 Non-visible minority 18 82 162

Question 58a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 50 14
2020 Non-visible minority 44 56 57
2019 Visible minority 50 50 26
2019 Non-visible minority 57 43 162
2018 Visible minority 48 52 29
2018 Non-visible minority 57 43 155

Question 58b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 20 80 28
2018 Non-visible minority 24 76 145

Question 58d. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 25 75 26
2019 Non-visible minority 23 77 162
2018 Visible minority 23 77 28
2018 Non-visible minority 23 77 143

Question 58e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 20 80 28
2018 Non-visible minority 11 89 138

Question 58g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 20 80 26
2019 Non-visible minority 13 87 162

Question 58i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 50 14
2020 Non-visible minority 44 56 57
2019 Visible minority 34 66 26
2019 Non-visible minority 27 73 162
2018 Visible minority 52 48 29
2018 Non-visible minority 40 60 145

Question 59b. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I did not think the incident was serious enough.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 26 74 26
2018 Non-visible minority 26 74 132

Question 59j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 44 56 27
2018 Non-visible minority 35 65 130

Question 59l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 45 55 27
2018 Non-visible minority 50 50 135

Question 59n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 70 30 26
2018 Non-visible minority 57 43 140

Question 60. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 21 12 14 4 2 31 15 62 11 222
2020 Non-visible minority 15 9 14 5 4 42 11 52 19 773
2019 Visible minority 22 14 11 4 9 27 13 59 22 133
2019 Non-visible minority 12 10 15 8 9 35 10 41 32 758
2018 Visible minority 11 12 20 5 13 27 11 37 30 139
2018 Non-visible minority 11 12 19 9 8 35 5 40 29 819
2017 Visible minority 15 14 13 7 7 30 13 51 26 173
2017 Non-visible minority 12 14 17 6 8 34 8 46 24 1081
2014 Visible minority 16 13 19 9 8 25 10 44 27 106
2014 Non-visible minority 12 16 20 8 7 31 7 45 23 940

Question 61. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 19 16 2 2 20 5 73 6 223
2020 Non-visible minority 32 21 14 5 4 22 2 70 12 780
2019 Visible minority 34 25 11 4 7 16 2 73 13 133
2019 Non-visible minority 28 22 16 7 6 18 3 63 17 759
2018 Visible minority 22 26 21 5 10 13 3 57 18 140
2018 Non-visible minority 22 28 19 6 9 15 2 59 18 814
2017 Visible minority 27 26 13 5 9 16 4 66 18 173
2017 Non-visible minority 25 28 16 8 6 15 3 64 16 1080
2014 Visible minority 31 26 17 4 8 14 0 67 13 107
2014 Non-visible minority 24 29 19 6 4 15 2 65 12 944
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Discrimination

Discrimination means treating someone differently or unfairly because of a personal characteristic or distinction,which, whether intentional or not, has an effect that imposes disadvantages not imposed on others or that withholds or limits access that is given to others. There are 13 prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 62. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 6 94 220
2020 Non-visible minority 4 96 780
2019 Visible minority 18 82 133
2019 Non-visible minority 9 91 775
2018 Visible minority 20 80 139
2018 Non-visible minority 8 92 830

Question 63a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 23 77 25
2018 Non-visible minority 33 67 54

Question 63b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 49 51 14
2020 Non-visible minority 75 25 28
2019 Visible minority 65 35 23
2019 Non-visible minority 74 26 67
2018 Visible minority 78 22 28
2018 Non-visible minority 90 10 62

Question 63c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28

Question 63d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28
2019 Visible minority 0 100 23
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 67
2018 Visible minority 0 100 24
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 50

Question 63f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 53 47 23
2019 Non-visible minority 26 74 67
2018 Visible minority 29 71 25
2018 Non-visible minority 23 77 51

Question 64b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 44 56 23
2019 Non-visible minority 16 84 66
2018 Visible minority 52 48 27
2018 Non-visible minority 17 83 51

Question 64c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Colour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 46 54 25
2018 Non-visible minority 13 87 50

Question 64e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 24 76 24
2018 Non-visible minority 26 74 51

Question 64g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28

Question 64i. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Marital status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28

Question 64j. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Family status
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 21 79 24
2018 Non-visible minority 26 74 51

Question 64k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28
2019 Visible minority 0 100 23
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 66
2018 Visible minority 0 100 24
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 49

Question 64m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28
2019 Visible minority 0 100 23
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 66

Question 64n. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 18 82 28

Question 65a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 28 72 23
2019 Non-visible minority 37 63 67
2018 Visible minority 47 53 25
2018 Non-visible minority 50 50 58

Question 65d. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I contacted my union representative.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 36 64 25
2018 Non-visible minority 29 71 55

Question 65e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 14
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 28

Question 65f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 20 80 25
2018 Non-visible minority 14 86 52

Question 65h. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 25
2018 Non-visible minority 10 90 51

Question 65i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 56 44 14
2020 Non-visible minority 32 68 28
2019 Visible minority 54 46 23
2019 Non-visible minority 50 50 67
2018 Visible minority 41 59 27
2018 Non-visible minority 51 49 54

Question 66f. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? The individual left or changed jobs.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 19
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 42

Question 66h. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I did not know what to do, where to go or whom to ask.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 34 66 21
2018 Non-visible minority 22 78 42

Question 66j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 39 61 21
2018 Non-visible minority 46 54 44

Question 66l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 46 54 23
2018 Non-visible minority 64 36 48

Question 66n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 76 24 21
2018 Non-visible minority 76 24 50

Question 67. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 13 14 5 2 31 12 64 11 223
2020 Non-visible minority 17 9 13 4 3 45 9 58 14 777
2019 Visible minority 21 12 17 5 5 29 10 54 17 131
2019 Non-visible minority 14 10 17 5 5 41 9 47 20 764
2018 Visible minority 13 16 18 6 11 27 9 46 26 138
2018 Non-visible minority 12 13 19 4 5 41 6 47 17 819
2017 Visible minority 17 16 18 4 8 26 11 52 20 171
2017 Non-visible minority 13 15 18 3 4 40 7 54 13 1077
2014 Visible minority 23 20 21 2 6 22 6 60 11 107
2014 Non-visible minority 13 15 19 3 3 40 6 52 11 935

Question 68. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 18 14 3 2 20 5 74 7 223
2020 Non-visible minority 33 20 14 5 2 23 3 72 9 778
2019 Visible minority 34 25 14 3 6 17 1 72 11 131
2019 Non-visible minority 31 21 15 4 4 23 2 69 11 764
2018 Visible minority 24 29 17 4 11 12 3 62 18 138
2018 Non-visible minority 25 27 16 4 5 20 2 68 12 820
2017 Visible minority 27 35 16 2 8 9 3 70 11 171
2017 Non-visible minority 28 29 14 4 3 20 2 73 9 1078
2014 Visible minority 35 29 15 4 3 13 1 75 7 107
2014 Non-visible minority 27 29 15 4 2 21 3 73 8 940
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Stress and Well-Being

Question 70a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Risk of exposure to COVID-19

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 15 9 6 7 1 8 76 15 222
2020 Non-visible minority 62 15 8 4 6 0 5 81 10 780

Question 70b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 23 17 13 9 2 1 60 22 220
2020 Non-visible minority 31 25 22 12 9 1 1 57 21 782
2019 Visible minority 27 20 22 10 19 1 1 48 29 133
2019 Non-visible minority 35 32 17 9 7 0 1 67 15 778
2018 Visible minority 22 21 23 13 20 0 2 44 33 140
2018 Non-visible minority 28 25 21 12 12 0 1 53 25 835
2017 Visible minority 28 21 19 14 17 1 1 49 31 173
2017 Non-visible minority 31 24 22 11 11 1 1 56 22 1082

Question 70c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Heavy workload
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 48 19 17 6 3 2 3 72 10 222
2020 Non-visible minority 41 26 18 8 5 1 1 69 13 784
2019 Visible minority 49 27 12 7 3 1 1 77 10 132
2019 Non-visible minority 47 26 17 5 3 0 2 74 8 781
2018 Visible minority 41 37 13 2 3 0 4 81 6 140
2018 Non-visible minority 43 26 17 7 3 0 4 72 10 833
2017 Visible minority 47 20 19 4 5 0 6 71 9 173
2017 Non-visible minority 49 26 14 5 2 1 3 78 7 1081

Question 70d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 20 9 5 2 4 6 82 8 220
2020 Non-visible minority 52 21 13 5 3 2 3 77 9 777
2019 Visible minority 50 23 8 3 3 2 10 83 7 133
2019 Non-visible minority 51 25 13 4 2 1 3 79 7 779
2018 Visible minority 43 23 12 3 2 0 17 78 7 140
2018 Non-visible minority 47 24 14 6 3 1 6 76 9 832
2017 Visible minority 50 18 13 3 5 1 11 76 9 171
2017 Non-visible minority 52 25 11 4 2 1 5 81 7 1080

Question 70e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 57 15 9 3 3 8 5 82 8 221
2020 Non-visible minority 49 19 12 6 4 7 2 75 11 776
2019 Visible minority 58 12 12 4 5 3 7 77 10 133
2019 Non-visible minority 56 21 10 6 2 2 3 80 9 779
2018 Visible minority 51 16 9 7 2 3 11 78 11 140
2018 Non-visible minority 52 22 11 4 3 3 6 81 7 833
2017 Visible minority 54 21 10 2 2 3 9 85 4 171
2017 Non-visible minority 60 18 8 4 2 3 5 85 7 1082

Question 70f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 63 14 7 4 3 3 7 84 8 219
2020 Non-visible minority 55 21 10 4 4 2 4 80 9 773
2019 Visible minority 62 13 9 3 1 0 13 86 4 133
2019 Non-visible minority 63 15 7 3 2 1 10 87 5 779
2018 Visible minority 55 16 6 3 3 0 18 86 7 140
2018 Non-visible minority 57 16 8 3 2 1 14 85 5 834
2017 Visible minority 58 14 6 2 3 0 15 86 7 172
2017 Non-visible minority 63 13 6 2 1 1 15 90 3 1077

Question 70g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 23 16 10 8 2 2 65 18 222
2020 Non-visible minority 32 24 21 12 10 1 0 56 22 781
2019 Visible minority 33 19 20 15 12 0 1 53 27 133
2019 Non-visible minority 35 26 19 10 9 0 1 61 20 779
2018 Visible minority 30 27 18 9 14 0 3 59 23 140
2018 Non-visible minority 29 28 20 10 11 0 1 58 21 837
2017 Visible minority 27 33 20 10 8 1 1 61 19 172
2017 Non-visible minority 32 28 18 11 9 0 1 60 21 1081

Question 70h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities (e.g., children, elderly, family member(s)) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 42 21 15 7 6 1 7 69 15 219
2020 Non-visible minority 42 21 12 8 9 0 7 69 18 777

Question 70i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 25 13 4 5 7 7 75 10 223
2020 Non-visible minority 37 22 19 11 6 2 3 63 18 782
2019 Visible minority 33 21 16 11 10 2 7 59 23 133
2019 Non-visible minority 34 25 19 10 8 1 4 61 19 781
2018 Visible minority 32 17 21 10 11 2 9 54 23 140
2018 Non-visible minority 30 23 19 11 11 2 3 56 24 836
2017 Visible minority 28 23 17 12 12 2 6 56 26 173
2017 Non-visible minority 31 27 20 11 7 1 3 60 19 1080

Question 70j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 23 13 8 1 6 5 75 10 219
2020 Non-visible minority 33 27 19 9 9 3 2 62 18 779
2019 Visible minority 45 19 14 7 6 2 6 70 15 133
2019 Non-visible minority 40 27 15 8 5 2 3 70 14 778
2018 Visible minority 40 17 12 8 8 2 13 67 19 140
2018 Non-visible minority 36 25 15 10 6 3 5 66 18 834
2017 Visible minority 44 17 17 7 7 1 8 66 15 172
2017 Non-visible minority 41 27 16 7 5 1 3 71 12 1081

Question 70k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 47 25 10 11 2 3 2 76 14 221
2020 Non-visible minority 37 26 20 8 7 1 1 64 16 781
2019 Visible minority 41 27 17 4 7 0 4 70 12 133
2019 Non-visible minority 46 28 13 7 5 0 1 75 11 781
2018 Visible minority 38 29 12 6 9 0 7 72 16 140
2018 Non-visible minority 43 30 13 7 5 1 2 75 12 834
2017 Visible minority 39 22 17 10 7 0 5 64 18 173
2017 Non-visible minority 44 28 14 7 5 0 1 73 13 1082

Question 70l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of recognition
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 26 9 6 6 4 3 77 14 221
2020 Non-visible minority 41 25 15 7 8 2 1 68 16 776
2019 Visible minority 38 21 15 10 13 1 2 61 24 132
2019 Non-visible minority 40 26 11 10 12 0 1 67 22 779

Question 70m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 17 18 12 8 2 4 60 21 220
2020 Non-visible minority 29 26 19 13 11 1 1 56 25 782

Question 70n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Information overload

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 26 15 10 5 2 3 68 16 220
2020 Non-visible minority 25 28 22 12 11 1 1 54 24 779
2019 Visible minority 44 30 13 6 2 1 5 77 9 133
2019 Non-visible minority 48 29 14 4 3 0 2 78 7 781
2018 Visible minority 48 31 10 3 2 1 4 83 6 140
2018 Non-visible minority 47 29 14 5 3 0 2 78 8 833
2017 Visible minority 47 27 12 5 3 1 5 78 9 172
2017 Non-visible minority 52 27 11 4 3 1 2 82 7 1081

Question 70o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Physical work environment
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 19 6 5 1 2 6 87 6 220
2020 Non-visible minority 55 21 12 4 4 0 3 79 8 779
2019 Visible minority 47 23 13 9 4 0 5 73 13 133
2019 Non-visible minority 49 22 14 7 3 0 4 75 11 780
2018 Visible minority 53 21 10 5 5 0 6 78 11 140
2018 Non-visible minority 49 21 17 6 4 0 4 72 10 834
2017 Visible minority 42 22 14 9 6 1 6 69 16 173
2017 Non-visible minority 50 22 13 6 4 0 4 76 10 1081

Question 70p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 28 12 5 2 1 2 81 7 222
2020 Non-visible minority 34 30 19 10 7 0 1 64 16 779

Question 70q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 65 12 6 2 2 2 11 89 4 221
2020 Non-visible minority 68 11 8 3 2 1 6 86 5 779
2019 Visible minority 60 16 5 6 3 0 10 84 10 133
2019 Non-visible minority 67 12 6 3 2 1 9 88 6 781
2018 Visible minority 56 12 8 3 4 6 10 82 9 140
2018 Non-visible minority 62 11 5 3 2 5 12 89 5 827

Question 70r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 74 11 3 2 1 3 6 93 3 221
2020 Non-visible minority 81 7 3 2 2 1 4 94 3 778
2019 Visible minority 65 11 7 5 5 1 7 82 11 133
2019 Non-visible minority 70 10 7 3 4 1 4 85 8 779
2018 Visible minority 52 17 9 4 10 3 4 75 15 140
2018 Non-visible minority 64 15 7 4 4 2 5 84 9 836
2017 Visible minority 64 13 8 3 6 2 4 81 11 172
2017 Non-visible minority 70 14 6 3 3 0 3 87 6 1079

Question 70s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 76 12 2 0 0 2 8 97 1 222
2020 Non-visible minority 83 9 2 1 0 1 4 97 1 779
2019 Visible minority 72 16 1 3 0 0 8 96 3 133
2019 Non-visible minority 71 15 6 2 2 1 4 90 4 781
2018 Visible minority 71 17 2 3 1 0 5 93 4 140
2018 Non-visible minority 65 17 8 3 2 1 4 87 5 835
2017 Visible minority 67 19 3 4 2 1 5 91 6 173
2017 Non-visible minority 71 18 5 2 1 0 3 92 3 1082

Question 70t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 65 17 5 4 1 2 6 89 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 66 15 8 4 3 1 2 85 7 778
2019 Visible minority 59 18 9 4 5 1 4 81 10 132
2019 Non-visible minority 56 20 10 5 6 1 2 79 11 778
2018 Visible minority 47 24 10 3 12 0 5 74 15 140
2018 Non-visible minority 50 21 13 7 6 0 3 73 14 837
2017 Visible minority 50 16 11 8 9 1 4 70 18 172
2017 Non-visible minority 58 20 11 4 5 0 2 79 10 1079

Question 70u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 64 4 1 0 0 2 29 97 1 222
2020 Non-visible minority 56 5 1 0 0 1 37 98 1 778
2019 Visible minority 55 6 0 0 0 1 38 100 0 132
2019 Non-visible minority 51 5 2 0 0 1 41 96 1 774
2018 Visible minority 52 6 1 0 1 1 40 97 2 139
2018 Non-visible minority 38 5 3 0 1 0 53 92 2 831
2017 Visible minority 51 4 1 2 0 1 41 95 3 172
2017 Non-visible minority 46 6 2 1 1 0 45 95 2 1074

Question 70v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 68 15 4 4 1 1 7 90 6 223
2020 Non-visible minority 60 18 11 4 3 1 3 81 8 779
2019 Visible minority 60 13 9 3 3 1 11 83 7 133
2019 Non-visible minority 50 19 12 5 4 1 9 76 10 777
2018 Visible minority 54 17 8 2 3 1 15 84 6 140
2018 Non-visible minority 43 19 13 7 4 1 12 71 13 837
2017 Visible minority 56 13 7 6 3 1 13 81 11 173
2017 Non-visible minority 50 21 11 5 3 0 9 78 9 1080

Question 70w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of job security
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 18 19 12 15 2 3 51 29 223
2020 Non-visible minority 41 22 16 10 10 1 1 64 20 779
2019 Visible minority 25 30 15 9 19 1 2 56 29 133
2019 Non-visible minority 35 21 18 10 14 0 2 57 25 780
2018 Visible minority 18 20 14 15 32 2 0 39 48 140
2018 Non-visible minority 26 20 17 14 21 0 2 47 36 837
2017 Visible minority 24 19 17 15 22 1 3 44 39 172
2017 Non-visible minority 27 19 18 14 20 0 1 47 35 1083

Question 70x. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Personal issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 60 17 11 4 2 2 4 82 6 222
2020 Non-visible minority 51 23 15 5 4 0 1 75 10 775
2019 Visible minority 55 14 15 5 4 2 5 74 10 133
2019 Non-visible minority 52 26 12 4 3 1 3 81 7 780
2018 Visible minority 44 27 11 6 4 1 6 76 11 139
2018 Non-visible minority 49 26 13 5 4 1 3 78 9 836
2017 Visible minority 54 22 12 3 3 1 5 81 6 173
2017 Non-visible minority 49 29 11 5 3 0 3 80 9 1082

Question 71. To what extent is stress from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacting your ability to carry out day-to-day work responsibilities?
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 27 18 5 3 2 1 74 8 222
2020 Non-visible minority 47 30 14 5 3 0 1 77 8 782

Question 72. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 34 30 25 4 5 1 0 65 9 223
2020 Non-visible minority 18 35 31 11 5 0 0 53 16 781
2019 Visible minority 20 34 28 10 7 1 0 55 17 133
2019 Non-visible minority 16 35 34 10 4 0 0 51 14 781
2018 Visible minority 17 29 38 6 10 1 0 45 16 137
2018 Non-visible minority 18 30 33 13 6 0 0 48 19 833
2017 Visible minority 16 35 31 11 6 1 0 51 17 173
2017 Non-visible minority 17 34 32 11 6 0 0 52 17 1081

Question 73. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 15 30 31 15 2 0 47 22 223
2020 Non-visible minority 12 18 36 21 11 0 0 33 31 777
2019 Visible minority 10 18 32 27 12 1 0 40 28 133
2019 Non-visible minority 11 17 37 21 14 0 0 35 28 781
2018 Visible minority 11 20 37 22 8 1 0 31 32 137
2018 Non-visible minority 10 17 36 22 14 0 1 36 27 835
2017 Visible minority 13 9 38 27 13 1 1 40 22 173
2017 Non-visible minority 9 16 34 25 15 0 0 40 25 1079

Question 74. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 29 11 6 2 9 2 78 9 223
2020 Non-visible minority 35 35 13 6 4 7 0 76 11 781
2019 Visible minority 16 31 24 14 8 7 0 50 24 133
2019 Non-visible minority 19 32 20 13 10 6 0 55 24 781
2018 Visible minority 13 30 30 12 11 5 0 44 25 137
2018 Non-visible minority 17 30 20 13 12 6 1 51 27 833
2017 Visible minority 15 34 21 9 15 6 0 52 25 172
2017 Non-visible minority 14 28 23 14 13 6 1 45 30 1084

Question 75. I believe senior managers in my department or agency take adequate steps to support the mental health of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 34 24 15 8 3 14 2 69 13 222
2020 Non-visible minority 28 23 19 11 6 13 1 59 20 779

Question 76. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 32 16 16 9 15 8 4 55 27 221
2020 Non-visible minority 24 25 14 16 14 5 2 53 32 780

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 20 20 4 6 13 6 63 12 220
2020 Non-visible minority 28 23 20 6 6 15 2 61 15 772

Question 78. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 21 17 8 6 8 2 66 16 223
2020 Non-visible minority 26 25 20 11 8 6 2 56 22 781
2019 Visible minority 20 20 23 15 13 7 2 44 31 131
2019 Non-visible minority 17 26 20 16 12 6 2 47 31 778
2018 Visible minority 13 23 26 18 17 2 1 38 36 137
2018 Non-visible minority 16 26 19 17 16 3 2 45 35 834
2017 Visible minority 15 31 18 18 14 4 0 48 33 173
2017 Non-visible minority 14 29 20 16 15 3 2 46 33 1084

Question 79a. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Clear and easy to understand.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 61 23 5 4 0 4 3 90 4 223
2020 Non-visible minority 45 34 12 5 1 3 1 81 7 782

Question 79b. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Provided in a timely manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 60 23 6 5 1 3 3 88 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 45 29 11 7 2 4 1 79 9 772

Question 79c. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Relevant to the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 55 20 12 5 1 3 5 81 6 223
2020 Non-visible minority 35 26 21 10 3 3 2 64 14 770

Question 79d. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Consistent with the information provided to me by my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 51 16 16 2 3 6 6 76 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 39 24 19 5 1 8 4 72 7 775

Question 79e. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Available in both official languages.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 70 14 2 1 1 7 5 95 2 223
2020 Non-visible minority 69 12 5 0 1 11 3 94 1 777

Question 80. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, my department or agency has clearly communicated the mental health services and resources that are available to me.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 49 26 7 2 3 6 6 86 6 220
2020 Non-visible minority 52 26 8 5 3 5 1 83 9 773

Question 81. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 20 12 6 8 6 5 71 16 221
2020 Non-visible minority 38 28 12 9 7 4 1 70 17 775

Question 82. I am satisfied with the measures my department or agency is taking to protect my physical health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 57 17 9 3 2 6 6 84 6 221
2020 Non-visible minority 55 20 11 4 2 5 2 81 7 781
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 87. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, did you have workplace accommodation measures in place before the COVID-19 pandemic which are no longer being met?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 15 85 209
2020 Non-visible minority 8 92 767

Question 88. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 11 89 211
2020 Non-visible minority 14 86 771
2019 Visible minority 16 84 131
2019 Non-visible minority 19 81 775
2017 Visible minority 20 80 173
2017 Non-visible minority 20 80 1081
2014 Visible minority 20 80 107
2014 Non-visible minority 17 83 933

Question 89. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society.

A barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 32 68 24
2020 Non-visible minority 57 43 106

Question 90. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 69 31 24
2020 Non-visible minority 82 18 106
2019 Visible minority 60 40 19
2019 Non-visible minority 81 19 145
2017 Visible minority 74 26 35
2017 Non-visible minority 74 26 215
2014 Visible minority 75 25 22
2014 Non-visible minority 83 17 155

Question 91. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 43 7 13 0 0 0 80 13 16
2020 Non-visible minority 44 24 16 10 5 0 1 70 15 84
2019 Visible minority 24 33 9 5 28 0 0 57 33 12
2019 Non-visible minority 44 27 9 12 7 0 0 72 19 114
2017 Visible minority 27 43 4 19 7 0 0 70 26 26
2017 Non-visible minority 46 29 4 10 9 2 0 76 20 159
2014 Visible minority 53 32 10 5 0 0 0 85 5 16
2014 Non-visible minority 37 36 6 12 7 2 0 74 20 126

Question 92. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 22 12 5 4 8 14 73 11 218
2020 Non-visible minority 34 29 11 8 5 7 7 72 15 781
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Compensation

Question 93. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Not sure
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 28 44 22 81 19 222
2020 Non-visible minority 12 40 40 9 77 23 784

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 94. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 67 33 15
2020 Non-visible minority 42 58 92

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 95. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 22 33 19 19 0 0 29 38 15
2020 Non-visible minority 11 20 13 20 23 6 8 36 49 91

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 96. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 14 14 26 19 19 0 7 31 41 15
2020 Non-visible minority 10 8 21 15 21 7 17 24 48 92

Question 97. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your organization or the federal public service?
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 6 4 2 0 21 30 86 5 220
2020 Non-visible minority 49 7 3 2 1 10 28 89 6 782
2019 Visible minority 44 13 3 1 3 12 23 88 7 132
2019 Non-visible minority 49 6 4 2 2 5 31 87 7 765
2018 Visible minority 52 12 4 0 2 5 25 91 3 134
2018 Non-visible minority 53 8 3 2 3 6 25 88 7 806
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