2020 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Privy Council Office by Question 120. Are you a member of a visible minority group?

The results of the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison, or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Top of page

My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	50	33	4	10	4	0	0	83	14	133
2020	Non-visible minority	38	44	4	12	2	0	0	82	14	619

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	78	13	4	2	2	1	0	92	4	133
2020	Non-visible minority	76	15	4	2	2	1	0	92	3	616
2017	Visible minority	73	19	3	4	2	0	1	92	5	113
2017	Non-visible minority	70	21	4	3	1	1	1	92	4	587
2014	Visible minority	66	23	5	4	1	0	0	89	6	73
2014	Non-visible minority	70	23	3	3	1	1	0	93	4	554

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	41	40	7	7	4	2	82	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	40	39	6	10	5	1	79	15	617
2019	Visible minority	41	36	9	10	5	0	76	15	164
2019	Non-visible minority	44	36	6	10	4	0	80	14	678
2017	Visible minority	32	46	9	7	5	0	78	12	113
2017	Non-visible minority	39	37	5	11	7	0	77	18	589
2014	Visible minority	45	34	7	10	4	0	79	14	73
2014	Non-visible minority	56	31	5	5	2	0	88	7	552

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	34	15	13	2	1	2	69	15	132
2020	Non-visible minority	38	34	13	10	3	0	1	74	13	614
2019	Visible minority	30	40	12	12	5	0	1	71	17	163
2019	Non-visible minority	35	39	12	10	3	0	1	75	13	672
2018	Visible minority	24	45	10	15	5	0	0	70	20	100
2018	Non-visible minority	31	42	11	11	3	0	2	75	14	528
2017	Visible minority	30	34	17	12	5	2	1	65	17	113
2017	Non-visible minority	34	36	13	11	4	0	1	71	15	590
2014	Visible minority	26	47	9	5	14	0	0	72	19	73
2014	Non-visible minority	35	41	11	10	2	0	1	76	12	554

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	41	37	10	7	3	1	0	79	11	132
2020	Non-visible minority	49	29	9	9	3	0	1	79	12	610
2019	Visible minority	47	36	8	5	2	1	0	84	8	164
2019	Non-visible minority	55	33	7	4	1	0	0	88	5	675
2017	Visible minority	54	29	7	6	3	1	0	84	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	52	33	8	6	1	0	0	85	7	589
2014	Visible minority	39	48	6	4	1	0	2	89	5	73
2014	Non-visible minority	52	36	6	5	0	0	0	89	5	553

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	44	30	11	9	5	1	0	74	14	132
2020	Non-visible minority	45	27	9	11	7	0	0	73	18	618
2019	Visible minority	46	32	10	10	2	0	1	79	11	164
2019	Non-visible minority	48	31	10	8	3	0	0	79	11	678
2018	Visible minority	39	36	14	6	5	1	0	75	11	98
2018	Non-visible minority	45	31	9	11	4	0	0	76	15	529
2017	Visible minority	41	32	10	12	5	0	0	73	16	113
2017	Non-visible minority	38	33	9	13	6	0	1	72	18	590
2014	Visible minority	26	38	13	10	11	2	0	65	22	73
2014	Non-visible minority	38	34	13	10	4	0	1	72	14	554

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	41	35	15	6	2	1	76	8	132
2020	Non-visible minority	46	37	7	6	4	0	83	10	619
2019	Visible minority	44	42	10	3	2	0	86	5	165
2019	Non-visible minority	52	32	9	5	1	0	85	6	679
2018	Visible minority	39	46	10	4	1	0	85	6	98
2018	Non-visible minority	47	39	8	6	1	0	86	7	526
2017	Visible minority	38	47	11	2	2	1	85	3	113
2017	Non-visible minority	48	38	7	4	2	0	86	7	590
2014	Visible minority	38	31	15	8	8	0	69	16	73
2014	Non-visible minority	44	40	7	7	2	0	84	9	554

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	39	29	16	10	5	1	1	69	15	132
2020	Non-visible minority	43	33	12	8	4	0	0	76	12	618
2019	Visible minority	41	37	11	6	5	0	0	78	11	165
2019	Non-visible minority	40	35	12	8	3	0	0	76	11	679
2018	Visible minority	32	39	14	11	3	0	0	71	14	99
2018	Non-visible minority	40	35	11	8	5	0	0	76	13	528
2017	Visible minority	40	33	16	3	6	1	1	74	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	39	36	11	9	4	0	1	75	14	590
2014	Visible minority	32	28	14	12	12	2	0	61	25	73
2014	Non-visible minority	34	38	14	9	5	0	0	72	14	554

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	35	42	12	8	2	77	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	42	35	11	9	4	76	13	611
2019	Visible minority	39	36	15	8	2	75	10	164
2019	Non-visible minority	38	39	12	9	3	77	12	674
2018	Visible minority	32	42	13	8	4	75	13	99
2018	Non-visible minority	36	41	10	8	4	77	12	528
2017	Visible minority	35	41	17	4	3	76	7	113
2017	Non-visible minority	31	44	10	10	4	76	14	590

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	51	36	6	4	2	1	88	7	132
2020	Non-visible minority	57	31	6	4	2	0	88	6	618
2019	Visible minority	55	33	6	3	3	0	89	6	165
2019	Non-visible minority	56	32	7	4	1	0	88	5	676
2018	Visible minority	56	34	4	5	1	0	90	6	99
2018	Non-visible minority	60	32	5	3	1	0	92	4	529
2017	Visible minority	56	33	9	2	1	0	88	3	113
2017	Non-visible minority	53	36	6	3	2	0	90	5	589
2014	Visible minority	41	37	12	5	5	0	77	10	73
2014	Non-visible minority	57	31	8	3	1	0	88	4	553

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	38	32	16	10	2	2	72	12	133
2020	Non-visible minority	46	31	10	9	4	0	78	13	617
2019	Visible minority	44	32	15	4	5	0	76	9	163
2019	Non-visible minority	45	35	10	7	3	0	80	10	678
2018	Visible minority	35	42	10	8	4	0	77	12	99
2018	Non-visible minority	44	37	10	7	3	0	80	10	527
2017	Visible minority	42	31	11	10	6	1	73	16	112
2017	Non-visible minority	44	38	9	5	5	0	81	10	587

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	53	30	13	1	2	83	3	132
2020	Non-visible minority	62	27	7	2	2	89	4	616
2019	Visible minority	59	31	8	1	1	90	2	162
2019	Non-visible minority	60	31	5	3	1	91	4	671
2018	Visible minority	58	34	5	2	1	91	3	99
2018	Non-visible minority	63	28	6	2	1	91	3	529
2017	Visible minority	55	34	8	2	1	90	2	113
2017	Non-visible minority	60	32	5	2	1	92	3	587
2014	Visible minority	66	17	13	3	2	83	4	73
2014	Non-visible minority	70	23	5	1	1	93	1	554

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	39	37	10	6	5	2	2	78	11	132
2020	Non-visible minority	44	34	10	8	5	0	0	78	12	614
2019	Visible minority	42	40	8	6	4	0	0	82	10	164
2019	Non-visible minority	44	35	11	8	2	0	0	79	9	677
2018	Visible minority	34	40	10	10	5	0	1	75	15	99
2018	Non-visible minority	45	34	9	10	2	0	0	79	12	527
2017	Visible minority	36	36	13	9	4	0	1	73	13	112
2017	Non-visible minority	42	36	8	10	3	0	1	79	13	588
2014	Visible minority	27	42	10	9	12	0	0	69	22	73
2014	Non-visible minority	37	42	12	7	3	0	0	79	10	554

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	42	37	12	4	4	0	79	9	133
2020	Non-visible minority	47	30	12	6	4	0	78	10	616
2019	Visible minority	53	30	9	4	3	0	83	8	165
2019	Non-visible minority	47	34	11	5	2	0	82	7	676
2018	Visible minority	37	35	16	8	3	0	72	12	97
2018	Non-visible minority	49	32	11	6	2	0	81	8	528
2017	Visible minority	43	35	14	4	4	1	78	8	112
2017	Non-visible minority	48	31	12	6	3	0	79	9	588
2014	Visible minority	31	41	13	5	9	0	72	15	73
2014	Non-visible minority	38	41	10	7	4	0	79	11	553

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	42	39	9	6	3	0	1	82	9	132
2020	Non-visible minority	49	33	10	6	2	0	1	82	8	613
2019	Visible minority	46	40	8	3	2	1	0	87	6	164
2019	Non-visible minority	47	37	10	4	2	0	0	84	5	673
2018	Visible minority	34	42	7	12	5	0	0	76	17	99
2018	Non-visible minority	47	34	8	7	3	0	0	82	10	528
2017	Visible minority	40	37	14	7	2	0	0	77	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	46	35	10	5	2	0	1	82	7	588
2014	Visible minority	27	48	8	7	8	0	1	76	15	73
2014	Non-visible minority	43	40	10	4	1	0	0	84	6	554

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	49	38	8	3	2	1	87	5	133
2020	Non-visible minority	51	34	7	4	3	0	86	7	615
2019	Visible minority	57	33	5	3	2	0	91	5	164
2019	Non-visible minority	54	35	6	4	1	0	89	5	678
2018	Visible minority	46	42	7	1	4	0	88	6	98
2018	Non-visible minority	56	30	7	5	2	0	86	7	531
2017	Visible minority	54	31	10	3	2	1	86	5	112
2017	Non-visible minority	52	36	6	5	2	0	87	7	586
2014	Visible minority	45	32	5	10	8	1	77	18	73
2014	Non-visible minority	51	36	7	3	3	0	87	6	553

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	28	37	15	11	9	0	0	66	20	133
2020	Non-visible minority	28	28	21	14	9	0	1	56	23	617
2019	Visible minority	39	35	14	10	2	0	0	74	12	165
2019	Non-visible minority	31	35	18	8	7	0	0	66	16	677
2018	Visible minority	34	35	18	5	8	0	0	69	13	100
2018	Non-visible minority	27	28	22	14	9	0	0	55	23	531
2017	Visible minority	33	40	14	7	5	0	0	73	13	113
2017	Non-visible minority	27	33	21	11	7	0	1	61	18	588
2014	Visible minority	28	34	25	4	6	2	1	64	11	73
2014	Non-visible minority	27	36	17	11	7	0	1	64	19	554

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	8	22	40	16	9	1	3	27	31	132
2020	Non-visible minority	10	26	30	22	10	0	2	32	37	617
2019	Visible minority	13	23	39	14	10	0	1	24	36	164
2019	Non-visible minority	7	21	35	23	11	1	2	35	30	677
2018	Visible minority	14	26	30	17	13	0	1	30	40	101
2018	Non-visible minority	9	23	39	20	8	1	1	28	33	529
2017	Visible minority	11	24	29	18	8	3	7	29	39	113
2017	Non-visible minority	11	23	33	20	9	1	3	30	36	589
2014	Visible minority	9	23	35	20	8	4	1	29	34	73
2014	Non-visible minority	5	24	39	19	9	1	3	29	31	553

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... lack of stability in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	1	14	22	33	22	4	4	60	17	133
2020	Non-visible minority	5	12	23	33	25	2	2	60	17	613
2019	Visible minority	5	17	18	27	25	3	5	57	23	164
2019	Non-visible minority	5	9	27	32	23	2	1	57	15	669
2018	Visible minority	10	15	27	22	20	0	6	45	26	101
2018	Non-visible minority	6	13	25	32	20	1	1	54	20	522
2017	Visible minority	9	6	26	28	14	6	11	50	18	113
2017	Non-visible minority	5	11	25	27	23	3	5	55	18	588
2014	Visible minority	4	15	23	28	12	7	11	48	24	72
2014	Non-visible minority	4	12	25	33	20	1	3	56	17	552

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	7	14	30	27	17	3	2	46	22	132
2020	Non-visible minority	6	14	28	30	18	1	3	51	21	614
2019	Visible minority	7	16	32	23	16	2	4	41	25	161
2019	Non-visible minority	6	14	30	29	18	1	2	48	21	675
2018	Visible minority	12	13	37	16	15	1	6	33	27	100
2018	Non-visible minority	6	16	30	29	16	2	1	46	22	529
2017	Visible minority	11	11	30	21	14	1	12	40	26	112
2017	Non-visible minority	9	14	27	25	17	2	6	45	25	585
2014	Visible minority	9	14	28	28	10	7	4	42	26	73
2014	Non-visible minority	10	16	31	24	15	1	2	41	27	552

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	8	17	23	29	18	2	3	49	26	131
2020	Non-visible minority	8	16	33	26	14	0	1	41	25	615
2019	Visible minority	6	18	30	29	15	1	2	45	24	164
2019	Non-visible minority	6	19	34	26	14	0	1	40	25	673
2018	Visible minority	8	16	36	20	15	0	4	37	26	99
2018	Non-visible minority	9	24	34	21	12	0	1	33	32	527
2017	Visible minority	8	16	36	20	11	0	9	34	27	110
2017	Non-visible minority	9	21	34	21	11	1	3	33	31	583
2014	Visible minority	6	15	43	18	11	4	3	31	23	73
2014	Non-visible minority	6	19	39	23	10	1	2	34	26	551

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	13	19	24	22	15	4	3	40	34	132
2020	Non-visible minority	9	17	25	26	19	2	2	47	27	614
2019	Visible minority	11	20	20	27	17	1	5	46	33	164
2019	Non-visible minority	7	17	28	26	18	1	3	45	25	677
2018	Visible minority	12	17	31	20	11	2	6	34	32	101
2018	Non-visible minority	11	23	33	18	14	1	1	32	34	527
2017	Visible minority	13	18	23	19	14	1	13	38	35	113
2017	Non-visible minority	10	20	30	19	15	2	5	36	32	590
2014	Visible minority	15	21	23	14	12	6	9	30	43	73
2014	Non-visible minority	12	22	28	19	13	1	4	34	37	551

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	7	16	20	32	15	3	7	52	25	133
2020	Non-visible minority	5	13	26	27	22	4	3	53	19	616
2019	Visible minority	5	18	21	28	16	4	8	50	26	161
2019	Non-visible minority	5	12	29	28	20	2	2	50	19	677
2018	Visible minority	13	20	27	13	17	1	9	34	36	100
2018	Non-visible minority	11	19	26	23	19	1	1	43	31	525
2017	Visible minority	10	17	20	21	15	5	11	43	32	113
2017	Non-visible minority	9	18	26	22	15	5	5	41	30	589
2014	Visible minority	7	17	18	23	17	7	11	49	29	72
2014	Non-visible minority	5	13	29	30	18	2	4	50	19	553

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	6	15	24	22	25	4	5	51	22	132
2020	Non-visible minority	4	12	32	29	20	1	2	51	17	614
2019	Visible minority	6	12	31	32	12	2	5	47	19	161
2019	Non-visible minority	4	13	32	28	19	3	1	49	18	676
2018	Visible minority	9	13	37	17	17	3	5	36	24	101
2018	Non-visible minority	6	17	35	24	15	1	1	41	23	526
2017	Visible minority	7	14	27	25	12	4	12	43	25	111
2017	Non-visible minority	8	14	29	24	16	3	5	44	24	587
2014	Visible minority	7	12	29	20	14	9	8	42	23	73
2014	Non-visible minority	5	17	34	24	15	2	3	41	23	553

Question 18h. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	8	10	31	27	21	0	2	50	19	133
2020	Non-visible minority	3	14	37	30	16	0	0	46	17	614
2019	Visible minority	5	15	33	23	19	1	4	44	21	164
2019	Non-visible minority	4	14	38	28	15	1	1	43	18	677

Top of page

My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	32	22	14	9	5	10	8	66	17	133
2020	Non-visible minority	32	24	17	8	5	8	6	65	16	616
2019	Visible minority	33	30	15	7	5	7	4	70	13	165
2019	Non-visible minority	35	29	15	9	4	5	3	69	15	676
2018	Visible minority	24	23	22	8	7	10	5	56	18	101
2018	Non-visible minority	34	31	14	8	2	5	4	72	12	528
2017	Visible minority	38	25	12	10	4	6	5	71	16	113
2017	Non-visible minority	35	29	10	7	4	8	8	75	13	587
2014	Visible minority	27	26	18	6	10	7	7	61	19	73
2014	Non-visible minority	36	29	14	7	4	6	4	72	12	553

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	51	27	6	8	5	3	81	13	133
2020	Non-visible minority	55	25	7	8	5	0	80	13	615
2019	Visible minority	49	29	10	6	5	0	78	12	165
2019	Non-visible minority	54	25	8	8	4	0	80	13	676
2018	Visible minority	43	27	10	11	10	0	69	21	101
2018	Non-visible minority	54	29	6	8	3	0	83	10	525
2017	Visible minority	54	22	12	3	8	2	77	11	113
2017	Non-visible minority	55	28	5	6	4	1	85	10	588
2014	Visible minority	43	30	7	7	12	1	74	19	73
2014	Non-visible minority	49	29	9	7	5	1	79	12	554

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	58	27	8	5	2	85	7	130
2020	Non-visible minority	62	26	6	4	2	88	6	614
2019	Visible minority	60	26	5	8	2	86	10	164
2019	Non-visible minority	57	29	7	5	2	86	7	677
2018	Visible minority	45	32	12	6	4	78	10	100
2018	Non-visible minority	59	31	5	4	1	90	5	526
2017	Visible minority	57	26	8	8	1	83	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	60	30	3	5	1	91	6	587
2014	Visible minority	53	32	7	5	4	85	8	73
2014	Non-visible minority	54	34	5	5	2	88	7	553

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	47	37	9	5	1	1	0	85	6	132
2020	Non-visible minority	55	30	8	4	2	1	1	86	6	610
2019	Visible minority	51	34	9	4	1	1	0	86	4	164
2019	Non-visible minority	55	30	10	4	1	1	0	85	5	675
2018	Visible minority	39	35	17	8	2	0	0	74	10	101
2018	Non-visible minority	55	32	9	3	1	1	0	87	4	527

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel free to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal.

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	29	7	7	9	9	2	74	18	132
2020	Non-visible minority	60	18	10	2	2	4	4	85	5	616

Top of page

My Immediate Supervisor

Question 24. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	57	23	7	7	2	2	3	83	10	132
2020	Non-visible minority	60	21	11	2	2	1	4	85	4	618
2019	Visible minority	51	26	9	3	3	1	6	84	6	163
2019	Non-visible minority	56	25	10	3	2	1	4	85	5	679

Question 25. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	51	25	7	12	3	2	0	77	16	133
2020	Non-visible minority	51	28	10	7	3	0	1	80	10	616
2019	Visible minority	52	29	10	6	2	0	0	81	8	165
2019	Non-visible minority	48	28	12	7	3	0	1	77	11	677
2018	Visible minority	42	39	15	4	1	0	0	81	5	100
2018	Non-visible minority	50	29	9	8	2	0	1	81	10	527
2017	Visible minority	52	24	13	6	3	1	1	77	10	112
2017	Non-visible minority	48	32	8	7	4	1	1	81	11	590
2014	Visible minority	44	34	8	1	9	4	0	81	11	73
2014	Non-visible minority	43	37	9	9	2	0	0	80	11	554

Question 26. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	54	18	13	6	5	4	0	75	12	133
2020	Non-visible minority	56	22	12	3	3	2	2	81	7	616

Question 27. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	53	25	11	7	4	1	1	79	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	57	24	9	6	4	0	0	82	10	618
2019	Visible minority	54	29	7	6	3	1	1	84	8	163
2019	Non-visible minority	50	30	9	6	4	0	1	81	10	676
2018	Visible minority	52	25	15	7	1	0	0	77	8	100
2018	Non-visible minority	51	30	8	7	2	0	1	83	9	526
2017	Visible minority	52	27	12	7	2	0	0	79	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	52	28	7	9	4	0	0	80	13	589
2014	Visible minority	36	43	6	5	9	0	0	79	15	73
2014	Non-visible minority	47	32	8	10	3	0	1	79	13	554

Question 28. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you requested flexible work hours, either formally or informally?

Flexible work hours mean that an employee is able to vary the start and end times of their workday.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	39	61	132
2020	Non-visible minority	36	64	619

Question 29. During the COVID-19 pandemic, my immediate supervisor supported the use of flexible work hours.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	48	19	8	3	2	9	12	84	6	131
2020	Non-visible minority	58	16	6	3	1	3	12	87	5	618

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	60	20	11	5	3	1	0	81	8	133
2020	Non-visible minority	62	23	6	5	2	0	1	87	7	617
2019	Visible minority	59	24	9	4	4	0	0	83	8	165
2019	Non-visible minority	58	26	8	6	2	0	1	84	8	677
2018	Visible minority	50	33	14	2	1	0	0	83	3	100
2018	Non-visible minority	59	27	8	4	2	0	0	86	6	528
2017	Visible minority	62	23	7	3	4	0	1	85	8	113
2017	Non-visible minority	59	23	8	6	4	0	0	82	10	587
2014	Visible minority	52	25	11	4	8	0	0	77	12	73
2014	Non-visible minority	53	28	8	7	3	0	0	82	10	552

Top of page

Senior Management

Question 31. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	53	20	10	6	3	6	2	79	10	133
2020	Non-visible minority	52	25	10	5	3	4	0	81	9	617
2019	Visible minority	48	30	8	5	4	4	0	81	10	163
2019	Non-visible minority	45	33	10	5	2	5	0	82	8	671
2018	Visible minority	39	33	11	4	5	7	0	78	10	102
2018	Non-visible minority	49	26	11	7	3	4	0	78	10	531
2017	Visible minority	42	24	9	7	4	13	1	77	12	113
2017	Non-visible minority	44	35	7	4	3	7	0	85	7	588
2014	Visible minority	47	26	6	4	8	7	1	80	13	73
2014	Non-visible minority	40	36	10	5	2	6	0	81	8	553

Question 32. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	53	23	11	6	5	2	0	78	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	50	27	10	8	4	1	0	78	11	615
2019	Visible minority	48	28	12	5	4	3	0	78	9	163
2019	Non-visible minority	46	34	10	4	2	2	0	83	7	670
2018	Visible minority	35	34	14	7	6	4	0	72	14	102
2018	Non-visible minority	48	28	12	6	4	1	0	77	11	529
2017	Visible minority	33	34	15	4	8	6	1	72	13	113
2017	Non-visible minority	46	34	9	6	3	2	0	82	9	588
2014	Visible minority	42	28	9	5	11	3	1	73	17	72
2014	Non-visible minority	43	34	13	5	3	2	0	79	8	554

Question 33. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	43	27	12	9	4	5	1	74	13	133
2020	Non-visible minority	36	33	14	9	5	4	0	72	14	615
2019	Visible minority	44	22	15	10	4	5	0	70	14	163
2019	Non-visible minority	33	39	14	7	3	4	0	75	11	670
2018	Visible minority	32	28	20	7	6	6	2	65	14	102
2018	Non-visible minority	34	33	14	10	6	4	0	70	16	529
2017	Visible minority	31	34	14	7	7	5	1	70	15	113
2017	Non-visible minority	34	39	12	8	3	3	1	77	11	587
2014	Visible minority	27	43	12	8	4	4	1	74	13	73
2014	Non-visible minority	35	36	14	9	2	4	0	73	12	553

Question 34. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	41	27	14	9	7	1	0	69	16	132
2020	Non-visible minority	33	37	12	11	5	1	0	71	17	616
2019	Visible minority	37	32	13	9	7	2	0	70	16	163
2019	Non-visible minority	27	40	13	12	6	2	0	68	18	672
2018	Visible minority	24	29	16	21	7	2	0	55	29	102
2018	Non-visible minority	27	33	15	14	9	2	0	62	23	530
2017	Visible minority	36	29	8	13	8	4	1	69	22	113
2017	Non-visible minority	27	39	13	12	6	3	0	68	18	588
2014	Visible minority	27	40	8	8	11	4	1	72	20	73
2014	Non-visible minority	25	40	16	14	4	2	0	66	18	552

Question 35. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	46	26	17	7	2	2	73	9	133
2020	Non-visible minority	40	30	18	7	3	2	71	10	619
2019	Visible minority	54	20	16	4	4	2	75	8	165
2019	Non-visible minority	43	27	16	7	3	4	74	10	677

Top of page

My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 36. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	41	33	11	9	2	2	1	77	12	132
2020	Non-visible minority	36	38	15	6	3	1	0	75	10	614
2019	Visible minority	42	37	8	8	3	1	0	81	12	165
2019	Non-visible minority	34	42	12	6	3	2	0	78	9	679
2018	Visible minority	27	40	14	16	3	0	0	67	19	101
2018	Non-visible minority	34	42	14	7	2	1	0	76	9	526
2017	Visible minority	36	37	15	5	4	3	0	75	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	37	43	11	6	1	2	0	82	7	589
2014	Visible minority	34	38	11	8	4	4	0	76	13	73
2014	Non-visible minority	39	41	13	5	1	2	0	81	6	553

Question 37. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	30	29	18	11	7	5	1	62	18	133
2020	Non-visible minority	30	37	14	10	5	4	0	70	15	615
2019	Visible minority	28	32	20	10	4	6	1	64	15	163
2019	Non-visible minority	27	41	15	9	3	4	0	71	13	676

Question 38. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	39	19	21	10	5	3	3	62	16	131
2020	Non-visible minority	37	32	13	10	4	4	1	73	14	614
2019	Visible minority	32	31	16	11	4	5	2	67	16	165
2019	Non-visible minority	36	33	14	8	5	4	1	72	13	677
2018	Visible minority	32	22	18	12	8	7	2	59	21	101
2018	Non-visible minority	40	34	11	9	4	2	1	76	13	526
2017	Visible minority	41	29	9	6	3	10	2	78	11	113
2017	Non-visible minority	42	33	10	7	2	4	1	79	10	589
2014	Visible minority	41	35	10	4	6	2	1	79	11	73
2014	Non-visible minority	44	35	7	8	3	2	2	82	11	554

Question 39. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	42	29	15	7	4	3	1	73	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	42	32	16	6	2	3	0	76	8	615
2019	Visible minority	33	36	17	5	5	4	0	72	10	164
2019	Non-visible minority	38	37	14	6	3	2	0	77	9	679
2018	Visible minority	29	35	16	12	6	2	0	66	18	100
2018	Non-visible minority	43	35	15	6	1	1	0	78	7	526

Question 40. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	28	13	17	11	12	15	4	51	29	133
2020	Non-visible minority	27	18	22	9	8	11	5	54	20	615
2019	Visible minority	23	20	27	6	9	13	2	50	18	164
2019	Non-visible minority	23	21	19	12	8	12	5	53	25	675
2018	Visible minority	21	20	22	13	14	8	2	45	30	102
2018	Non-visible minority	23	19	18	12	9	13	5	52	26	526
2017	Visible minority	27	18	13	6	12	20	3	59	23	113
2017	Non-visible minority	19	19	19	11	10	15	7	49	27	589
2014	Visible minority	16	16	15	12	17	16	9	42	38	73
2014	Non-visible minority	15	20	19	15	11	13	7	44	32	554

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	28	14	7	10	7	0	67	18	133
2020	Non-visible minority	34	30	15	9	5	5	1	68	15	617
2019	Visible minority	26	30	18	8	13	4	0	59	22	165
2019	Non-visible minority	31	35	15	9	6	3	1	69	16	675
2018	Visible minority	22	30	13	15	13	7	0	56	30	102
2018	Non-visible minority	30	33	15	12	6	3	1	66	18	527
2017	Visible minority	30	25	12	12	12	9	0	61	26	113
2017	Non-visible minority	31	35	11	10	6	6	1	71	17	590
2014	Visible minority	26	35	8	12	12	7	0	66	26	73
2014	Non-visible minority	32	36	11	9	7	4	1	71	17	551

Question 42. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	25	24	12	10	18	10	0	55	31	133
2020	Non-visible minority	27	24	15	17	11	3	3	54	30	616
2019	Visible minority	20	21	15	15	18	9	3	46	37	164
2019	Non-visible minority	24	26	17	15	14	2	3	52	30	677
2018	Visible minority	18	23	16	17	19	7	0	44	39	101
2018	Non-visible minority	24	24	20	14	13	2	3	50	29	530
2017	Visible minority	22	28	12	16	17	4	2	52	35	113
2017	Non-visible minority	26	24	14	16	11	4	5	56	29	588
2014	Visible minority	15	15	18	18	26	5	3	33	48	73
2014	Non-visible minority	19	22	14	18	19	4	5	44	40	554

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	54	19	12	9	2	0	4	76	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	50	23	12	8	4	0	3	76	12	619
2019	Visible minority	58	23	10	2	2	1	4	86	3	165
2019	Non-visible minority	51	24	14	5	2	0	2	78	8	678

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	50	21	17	6	2	2	3	74	8	132
2020	Non-visible minority	56	21	12	4	2	1	3	80	7	618
2019	Visible minority	46	21	18	5	4	1	5	72	9	165
2019	Non-visible minority	56	24	9	4	3	1	4	84	7	677

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	62	10	10	5	2	9	3	81	8	133
2020	Non-visible minority	83	6	2	1	1	2	5	95	2	612
2019	Visible minority	65	11	7	3	3	9	3	85	7	165
2019	Non-visible minority	82	7	3	2	1	2	4	95	3	676

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	72	8	6	1	0	2	10	92	1	131
2020	Non-visible minority	79	9	3	0	0	1	7	96	0	612
2019	Visible minority	78	5	3	1	1	4	9	96	1	164
2019	Non-visible minority	83	6	1	0	0	1	8	98	0	670

Question 44. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	28	47	8	7	6	4	0	78	13	132
2020	Non-visible minority	33	43	12	7	3	2	0	77	11	619
2019	Visible minority	32	40	16	3	3	6	0	77	6	163
2019	Non-visible minority	33	45	13	5	2	3	0	81	6	677
2018	Visible minority	23	34	28	7	4	5	0	60	11	102
2018	Non-visible minority	37	36	17	6	1	2	0	75	8	528
2017	Visible minority	32	31	17	9	3	7	1	68	13	111
2017	Non-visible minority	35	39	13	6	3	4	1	77	9	590

Question 45. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	42	30	12	6	8	3	73	14	133
2020	Non-visible minority	47	35	9	5	2	2	85	6	613
2019	Visible minority	40	38	15	3	2	1	79	6	164
2019	Non-visible minority	46	38	9	3	2	2	86	5	673
2018	Visible minority	37	38	14	4	4	4	77	9	102
2018	Non-visible minority	47	39	9	3	1	0	87	4	527
2017	Visible minority	40	41	9	3	4	3	84	7	113
2017	Non-visible minority	47	38	8	3	1	3	88	4	590
2014	Visible minority	51	26	8	6	7	2	79	13	73
2014	Non-visible minority	48	35	11	3	1	3	85	4	554

Question 46. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workplace.

A diverse workplace includes everyone, regardless of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital or family status, religion, age, language, culture, background, interests, views or other dimensions.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	40	27	11	8	7	7	0	72	17	133
2020	Non-visible minority	46	32	9	5	1	5	1	84	6	614
2019	Visible minority	40	31	15	5	4	5	0	75	10	163
2019	Non-visible minority	49	33	9	4	2	3	0	85	5	676
2018	Visible minority	32	34	15	9	6	5	0	69	16	102
2018	Non-visible minority	48	31	12	3	1	4	0	82	5	527
2017	Visible minority	37	29	15	5	8	5	0	71	13	113
2017	Non-visible minority	44	34	11	2	2	7	0	83	5	588
2014	Visible minority	40	35	7	7	7	4	0	78	14	73
2014	Non-visible minority	44	32	14	3	1	6	1	81	4	554

Question 47. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.
Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism.

Anti-racism is an active and consistent process of change to eliminate individual, institutional and systemic racism.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	36	25	9	11	9	9	0	68	22	133
2020	Non-visible minority	41	30	15	4	1	8	0	78	6	617

Question 48. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about issues related to racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsman, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	29	13	5	9	9	1	70	16	132
2020	Non-visible minority	54	25	10	3	2	4	3	84	5	615

Question 49. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	57	33	4	5	2	0	90	6	133
2020	Non-visible minority	60	28	6	4	1	1	89	5	617
2019	Visible minority	58	32	6	3	2	0	89	5	165
2019	Non-visible minority	59	30	6	3	1	0	90	4	678
2018	Visible minority	53	33	8	3	3	0	86	5	101
2018	Non-visible minority	58	32	7	2	1	0	90	3	529
2017	Visible minority	57	31	7	3	2	1	89	4	112
2017	Non-visible minority	59	32	3	4	1	1	92	5	588
2014	Visible minority	57	23	7	7	4	2	81	11	73
2014	Non-visible minority	60	29	7	3	1	1	90	4	554

Question 50. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	54	23	15	3	3	2	0	78	6	130
2020	Non-visible minority	52	28	11	7	2	0	0	80	8	614
2019	Visible minority	53	32	8	5	2	1	0	85	7	162
2019	Non-visible minority	51	31	11	4	2	0	0	82	7	675
2018	Visible minority	43	30	15	6	5	1	0	75	10	102
2018	Non-visible minority	48	31	13	6	2	1	0	79	8	528
2017	Visible minority	47	30	14	3	4	1	0	78	7	112
2017	Non-visible minority	50	28	13	7	2	1	0	78	8	589
2014	Visible minority	41	29	13	8	7	0	2	71	15	73
2014	Non-visible minority	46	34	12	5	2	1	0	81	7	554

Question 51. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	51	28	11	3	3	3	82	6	129
2020	Non-visible minority	52	28	11	6	2	0	81	8	613
2019	Visible minority	51	31	11	5	2	0	82	7	162
2019	Non-visible minority	51	34	8	6	1	0	86	7	675
2018	Visible minority	37	35	18	5	4	0	73	9	101
2018	Non-visible minority	47	34	12	5	2	0	81	7	523
2017	Visible minority	45	36	10	6	2	0	81	9	113
2017	Non-visible minority	52	30	11	5	2	0	83	7	585
2014	Visible minority	51	22	13	8	7	0	72	15	73
2014	Non-visible minority	49	33	11	5	2	0	82	7	553

Question 52. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	45	22	14	10	5	3	1	70	16	133
2020	Non-visible minority	48	23	13	10	3	3	1	73	13	617
2019	Visible minority	49	19	15	8	5	3	1	71	14	165
2019	Non-visible minority	48	25	15	7	3	2	1	74	11	677
2018	Visible minority	40	25	20	7	5	3	0	67	12	101
2018	Non-visible minority	45	23	14	11	3	3	1	71	15	529
2017	Visible minority	32	32	13	12	6	4	1	67	20	113
2017	Non-visible minority	45	20	15	10	5	3	2	68	15	588
2014	Visible minority	41	24	13	11	12	0	0	64	23	73
2014	Non-visible minority	42	21	18	10	4	4	1	67	15	553

Top of page

Mobility and Retention

Question 53. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	23	40	133
2020	Non-visible minority	36	31	33	619
2019	Visible minority	39	24	38	164
2019	Non-visible minority	41	26	33	679
2018	Visible minority	38	23	39	102
2018	Non-visible minority	40	26	34	531
2017	Visible minority	45	20	35	113
2017	Non-visible minority	44	27	29	590
2014	Visible minority	44	24	32	73
2014	Non-visible minority	43	26	30	554

Question 54. Please indicate your reason for leaving.
Survey year	Demographic	To retire (%)	To pursue another position within my department or agency (%)	To pursue a position in another department or agency (%)	To pursue a position outside the federal public service (%)	End of my term, casual or student employment (%)	Other (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	4	22	56	3	6	10	50
2020	Non-visible minority	5	20	53	3	7	12	230
2019	Visible minority	2	21	42	8	15	13	64
2019	Non-visible minority	5	19	55	4	10	7	286
2018	Visible minority	9	27	47	9	2	6	40
2018	Non-visible minority	9	12	62	3	6	8	213
2017	Visible minority	5	25	45	3	15	7	51
2017	Non-visible minority	9	18	51	4	13	6	261
2014	Visible minority	3	13	56	18	9999	9	33
2014	Non-visible minority	12	18	57	4	9999	9	237

Top of page

Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable act(s), comment(s) or display(s) that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 55. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	12	88	132
2020	Non-visible minority	7	93	617
2019	Visible minority	16	84	164
2019	Non-visible minority	10	90	676
2018	Visible minority	17	83	100
2018	Non-visible minority	8	92	531

Question 56a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	46	54	16
2020	Non-visible minority	42	58	45
2019	Visible minority	42	58	25
2019	Non-visible minority	54	46	63
2018	Visible minority	75	25	18
2018	Non-visible minority	45	55	42

Question 56b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	68	32	25
2019	Non-visible minority	49	51	63
2018	Visible minority	49	51	18
2018	Non-visible minority	59	41	42

Question 56d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	0	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	0	100	45

Question 56f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	42

Question 56g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	0	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	0	100	45

Question 57a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Aggressive behaviour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	45	55	16
2020	Non-visible minority	26	74	45
2019	Visible minority	49	51	25
2019	Non-visible minority	43	57	62
2018	Visible minority	30	70	18
2018	Non-visible minority	36	64	41

Question 57b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Excessive control
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	46	54	16
2020	Non-visible minority	28	72	45
2019	Visible minority	32	68	25
2019	Non-visible minority	38	62	62
2018	Visible minority	33	67	18
2018	Non-visible minority	38	62	41

Question 57c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Being excluded or being ignored
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	31	69	16
2020	Non-visible minority	34	66	45
2019	Visible minority	36	64	25
2019	Non-visible minority	51	49	62
2018	Visible minority	42	58	18
2018	Non-visible minority	32	68	41

Question 57d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Humiliation
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	63	16
2020	Non-visible minority	36	64	45
2019	Visible minority	43	57	25
2019	Non-visible minority	40	60	62
2018	Visible minority	30	70	18
2018	Non-visible minority	31	69	41

Question 57e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	29	71	25
2019	Non-visible minority	34	66	62
2018	Visible minority	54	46	18
2018	Non-visible minority	35	65	41

Question 57f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Offensive remark
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	59	41	16
2020	Non-visible minority	56	44	45
2019	Visible minority	44	56	25
2019	Non-visible minority	48	52	62
2018	Visible minority	55	45	18
2018	Non-visible minority	46	54	41

Question 57g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Personal attack
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	63	16
2020	Non-visible minority	39	61	45
2019	Visible minority	0	100	25
2019	Non-visible minority	27	73	62
2018	Visible minority	45	55	18
2018	Non-visible minority	26	74	41

Question 57h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Physical violence
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	100	45
2018	Visible minority	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	100	41

Question 57k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Unfair treatment
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	43	57	16
2020	Non-visible minority	42	58	45
2019	Visible minority	44	56	25
2019	Non-visible minority	37	63	62
2018	Visible minority	51	49	18
2018	Non-visible minority	42	58	41

Question 57l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Yelling or shouting
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	38	62	25
2019	Non-visible minority	40	60	62
2018	Visible minority	32	68	18
2018	Non-visible minority	23	77	41

Question 58a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	66	16
2020	Non-visible minority	46	54	45
2019	Visible minority	44	56	25
2019	Non-visible minority	57	43	62
2018	Visible minority	46	54	18
2018	Non-visible minority	55	45	42

Question 58b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	40	60	18
2018	Non-visible minority	36	64	42

Question 58h. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? Other.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	0	100	25
2019	Non-visible minority	8	92	62

Question 58i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	43	57	16
2020	Non-visible minority	32	68	45
2019	Visible minority	52	48	25
2019	Non-visible minority	30	70	62
2018	Visible minority	30	70	18
2018	Non-visible minority	25	75	42

Question 59a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? The issue was resolved.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	15	85	41

Question 59d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	22	78	41

Question 59l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	48	52	18
2018	Non-visible minority	33	67	41

Question 59m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	41

Question 59n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	44	56	18
2018	Non-visible minority	42	58	41

Question 59p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? Other
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	18
2018	Non-visible minority	13	87	41

Question 60. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	19	10	12	6	4	41	8	56	20	133
2020	Non-visible minority	21	12	14	4	4	35	10	60	15	618
2019	Visible minority	20	18	19	7	3	25	8	57	15	164
2019	Non-visible minority	22	17	14	8	3	26	10	60	18	678
2018	Visible minority	18	8	33	4	5	23	8	38	14	102
2018	Non-visible minority	24	18	17	3	2	28	8	65	8	530
2017	Visible minority	23	11	18	1	4	28	16	61	8	113
2017	Non-visible minority	18	17	12	3	3	35	12	65	12	589
2014	Visible minority	16	17	9	8	6	35	9	59	25	73
2014	Non-visible minority	18	16	16	3	3	33	12	61	11	554

Question 61. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	36	20	12	6	4	22	0	72	13	132
2020	Non-visible minority	40	25	15	5	3	12	1	74	9	619
2019	Visible minority	38	20	19	4	3	14	2	69	8	164
2019	Non-visible minority	40	28	14	6	2	8	1	75	9	676
2018	Visible minority	27	27	22	5	4	12	2	63	11	102
2018	Non-visible minority	38	32	15	3	2	10	1	78	5	530
2017	Visible minority	33	20	21	1	7	15	4	65	9	112
2017	Non-visible minority	33	31	13	4	2	15	2	77	8	588
2014	Visible minority	24	30	6	8	7	21	4	71	21	73
2014	Non-visible minority	29	31	15	3	3	17	3	74	7	554

Top of page

Discrimination

Discrimination means treating someone differently or unfairly because of a personal characteristic or distinction,which, whether intentional or not, has an effect that imposes disadvantages not imposed on others or that withholds or limits access that is given to others. There are 13 prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 62. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	12	88	133
2020	Non-visible minority	4	96	617
2019	Visible minority	13	87	164
2019	Non-visible minority	5	95	677
2018	Visible minority	15	85	102
2018	Non-visible minority	3	97	530

Question 63a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Co-workers
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	29	71	16
2020	Non-visible minority	41	59	24
2018	Visible minority	40	60	17
2018	Non-visible minority	40	60	18

Question 63b. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	63	37	16
2020	Non-visible minority	74	26	24
2019	Visible minority	74	26	22
2019	Non-visible minority	76	24	29
2018	Visible minority	72	28	17
2018	Non-visible minority	52	48	18

Question 63c. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	0	100	22
2019	Non-visible minority	0	100	29

Question 63d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	100	24
2019	Visible minority	100	22
2019	Non-visible minority	100	29
2018	Visible minority	100	17
2018	Non-visible minority	100	18

Question 63f. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Members of the public (individuals or organizations)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	17
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 64c. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Colour
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	31	69	16
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 64e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Age
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	38	62	22
2019	Non-visible minority	43	57	28

Question 64f. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Sex
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	25	75	22
2019	Non-visible minority	41	59	28

Question 64k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	100	24
2019	Visible minority	100	22
2019	Non-visible minority	100	28
2018	Visible minority	100	16
2018	Non-visible minority	100	18

Question 64l. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Disability
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	0	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	20	80	24

Question 64m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year	Demographic	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	100	16
2020	Non-visible minority	100	24
2018	Visible minority	100	16
2018	Non-visible minority	100	18

Question 65a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	49	51	21
2019	Non-visible minority	27	73	28

Question 65e. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2019	Visible minority	0	100	21
2019	Non-visible minority	0	100	28

Question 65f. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I filed a grievance or formal complaint.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	17
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 65i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	64	36	16
2020	Non-visible minority	44	56	24
2019	Visible minority	42	58	21
2019	Non-visible minority	62	38	28
2018	Visible minority	62	38	17
2018	Non-visible minority	31	69	18

Question 66d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? The individual apologized.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	17
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 66j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	34	66	17
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 66l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	54	46	17
2018	Non-visible minority	30	70	18

Question 66m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? Someone threatened me.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	0	100	17
2018	Non-visible minority	0	100	18

Question 66n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2018	Visible minority	66	34	17
2018	Non-visible minority	40	60	18

Question 67. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	16	12	11	4	6	45	6	57	21	133
2020	Non-visible minority	23	13	14	3	1	37	9	66	8	617
2019	Visible minority	25	14	19	3	4	27	7	60	12	163
2019	Non-visible minority	23	15	16	3	1	32	11	65	8	676
2018	Visible minority	17	14	29	1	4	28	7	48	8	102
2018	Non-visible minority	25	16	17	1	1	33	8	69	3	529
2017	Visible minority	21	10	11	3	2	36	17	65	11	112
2017	Non-visible minority	17	16	11	1	1	42	11	71	5	589
2014	Visible minority	19	14	10	1	7	38	10	64	17	73
2014	Non-visible minority	16	12	17	1	2	39	13	58	5	554

Question 68. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	33	20	13	5	6	22	1	69	14	133
2020	Non-visible minority	41	26	15	3	1	13	1	78	5	617
2019	Visible minority	39	19	17	2	4	17	1	71	8	165
2019	Non-visible minority	40	28	13	4	1	11	2	79	6	675
2018	Visible minority	27	28	22	2	3	15	2	66	7	101
2018	Non-visible minority	40	30	14	3	1	10	1	80	4	529
2017	Visible minority	32	21	18	4	4	17	5	68	10	113
2017	Non-visible minority	35	31	12	2	1	18	2	82	4	583
2014	Visible minority	33	23	12	3	4	20	6	75	10	73
2014	Non-visible minority	33	25	16	1	2	19	5	76	3	554

Top of page

Stress and Well-Being

Question 70a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Risk of exposure to COVID-19
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	20	20	10	15	1	0	55	26	133
2020	Non-visible minority	30	29	19	10	10	0	1	59	21	618

Question 70b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	29	17	8	8	0	1	66	16	131
2020	Non-visible minority	44	31	15	6	4	0	0	75	10	614
2019	Visible minority	27	27	26	9	8	1	2	55	18	165
2019	Non-visible minority	29	31	20	11	9	0	1	61	20	678
2018	Visible minority	29	30	19	13	6	1	1	60	20	101
2018	Non-visible minority	27	33	21	9	8	0	2	61	17	529
2017	Visible minority	29	22	21	9	14	2	3	54	24	113
2017	Non-visible minority	26	30	20	11	10	0	3	58	21	588

Question 70c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Heavy workload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	21	24	24	16	13	0	1	46	30	133
2020	Non-visible minority	21	23	27	18	11	0	0	44	30	618
2019	Visible minority	22	31	21	15	10	1	1	54	25	164
2019	Non-visible minority	19	34	28	12	8	0	0	53	20	677
2018	Visible minority	15	26	32	14	12	1	1	42	26	102
2018	Non-visible minority	13	24	34	18	11	0	0	37	29	530
2017	Visible minority	16	30	32	12	6	1	2	48	19	113
2017	Non-visible minority	16	24	30	17	11	0	1	41	29	590

Question 70d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	29	26	19	13	10	2	1	57	24	133
2020	Non-visible minority	26	28	24	14	7	0	1	55	21	617
2019	Visible minority	27	38	16	11	5	1	1	67	17	165
2019	Non-visible minority	24	33	25	12	6	0	0	57	17	672
2018	Visible minority	18	30	26	15	9	1	2	49	24	102
2018	Non-visible minority	15	29	30	15	10	0	1	44	26	524
2017	Visible minority	18	33	29	9	8	2	1	52	18	113
2017	Non-visible minority	22	26	26	14	9	0	2	49	24	586

Question 70e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	22	29	22	10	14	2	1	53	24	133
2020	Non-visible minority	29	24	22	14	9	0	1	54	24	614
2019	Visible minority	25	30	21	13	7	1	2	57	21	165
2019	Non-visible minority	26	31	22	13	7	1	1	58	20	676
2018	Visible minority	25	22	24	13	15	1	1	48	28	101
2018	Non-visible minority	16	30	26	14	13	1	1	47	27	530
2017	Visible minority	23	24	22	18	8	2	3	49	28	113
2017	Non-visible minority	23	23	24	17	11	0	1	47	29	588

Question 70f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	35	28	16	5	12	2	3	65	18	132
2020	Non-visible minority	34	23	18	15	9	0	1	58	24	616
2019	Visible minority	40	28	9	11	8	1	3	71	20	164
2019	Non-visible minority	39	29	17	8	5	0	2	69	13	674
2018	Visible minority	33	25	21	8	8	2	3	62	16	102
2018	Non-visible minority	30	28	21	12	7	0	2	60	19	529
2017	Visible minority	32	25	26	5	6	2	3	60	12	113
2017	Non-visible minority	32	26	19	10	8	0	5	61	19	589

Question 70g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	26	31	16	13	13	1	1	58	26	132
2020	Non-visible minority	26	25	22	16	11	0	0	51	27	618
2019	Visible minority	34	26	18	12	9	0	1	60	21	164
2019	Non-visible minority	29	32	19	12	8	0	1	61	19	678
2018	Visible minority	26	27	23	13	10	1	1	54	23	102
2018	Non-visible minority	22	30	21	16	10	0	0	53	26	531
2017	Visible minority	22	27	33	7	8	2	2	51	15	113
2017	Non-visible minority	25	27	25	15	8	0	0	52	23	589

Question 70h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities (e.g., children, elderly, family member(s)) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	31	27	15	11	8	0	7	62	21	133
2020	Non-visible minority	37	16	18	9	10	0	9	59	21	617

Question 70i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	32	17	8	2	1	2	72	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	43	30	15	7	3	0	1	74	10	615
2019	Visible minority	36	29	16	9	4	1	5	69	14	165
2019	Non-visible minority	33	37	20	6	3	0	1	71	9	675
2018	Visible minority	23	37	27	6	5	2	1	61	11	102
2018	Non-visible minority	31	38	21	6	3	0	1	70	9	529
2017	Visible minority	27	35	21	7	6	2	2	65	13	113
2017	Non-visible minority	38	33	16	7	4	0	1	72	11	588

Question 70j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	30	29	24	12	4	1	0	59	17	132
2020	Non-visible minority	29	34	19	12	4	1	1	64	17	616
2019	Visible minority	28	30	20	13	5	1	2	60	19	165
2019	Non-visible minority	29	36	23	10	3	0	0	65	13	674
2018	Visible minority	23	31	24	10	8	2	1	56	18	100
2018	Non-visible minority	20	36	26	11	5	0	1	57	16	530
2017	Visible minority	25	31	24	10	8	1	1	57	18	113
2017	Non-visible minority	27	34	21	12	5	0	1	61	18	588

Question 70k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	37	26	18	12	6	1	1	64	18	133
2020	Non-visible minority	40	29	17	9	5	0	1	69	14	610
2019	Visible minority	32	33	18	7	6	1	3	67	14	165
2019	Non-visible minority	35	31	20	10	4	0	0	67	14	675
2018	Visible minority	31	24	28	7	7	2	1	57	15	102
2018	Non-visible minority	33	38	16	9	4	0	1	71	13	528
2017	Visible minority	29	25	28	7	8	2	2	56	15	113
2017	Non-visible minority	36	35	17	8	4	0	1	71	12	589

Question 70l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of recognition
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	47	25	12	6	7	1	2	74	13	133
2020	Non-visible minority	54	23	12	7	3	0	0	78	10	612
2019	Visible minority	47	21	14	8	6	1	3	70	15	165
2019	Non-visible minority	51	28	12	5	3	0	1	80	8	675

Question 70m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	36	24	17	13	6	1	3	63	20	132
2020	Non-visible minority	36	30	19	10	5	0	0	66	15	617

Question 70n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Information overload
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	35	34	20	5	3	1	1	71	8	133
2020	Non-visible minority	38	33	16	9	4	0	1	71	13	616
2019	Visible minority	36	35	18	4	2	1	4	75	7	165
2019	Non-visible minority	42	33	15	7	2	0	1	76	9	674
2018	Visible minority	39	28	18	11	2	2	1	69	13	101
2018	Non-visible minority	35	34	19	9	2	0	0	69	11	523
2017	Visible minority	39	28	22	3	2	2	4	71	5	113
2017	Non-visible minority	38	35	16	6	3	1	1	74	9	587

Question 70o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Physical work environment
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	48	27	14	6	3	2	2	77	9	129
2020	Non-visible minority	53	28	11	5	2	0	1	82	7	614
2019	Visible minority	58	21	11	3	2	1	4	83	5	165
2019	Non-visible minority	56	25	11	5	3	0	1	82	7	672
2018	Visible minority	41	22	20	7	6	2	2	66	14	101
2018	Non-visible minority	51	25	13	5	5	0	1	77	10	527
2017	Visible minority	55	17	14	4	3	2	6	78	7	110
2017	Non-visible minority	55	23	12	4	3	0	2	80	8	588

Question 70p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	40	28	16	10	5	0	1	69	15	132
2020	Non-visible minority	40	33	18	6	2	0	0	74	8	615

Question 70q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	70	12	7	3	1	1	6	88	4	132
2020	Non-visible minority	76	13	5	1	1	0	4	93	2	615
2019	Visible minority	78	11	4	1	1	1	5	94	2	164
2019	Non-visible minority	77	12	4	1	0	0	5	94	2	671
2018	Visible minority	60	15	10	4	3	2	6	82	7	102
2018	Non-visible minority	74	14	6	1	1	0	4	92	2	525

Question 70r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	68	13	6	5	1	3	4	87	7	132
2020	Non-visible minority	86	6	3	1	1	0	3	94	3	614
2019	Visible minority	66	12	11	3	3	0	5	81	7	165
2019	Non-visible minority	77	11	5	3	2	1	2	90	5	674
2018	Visible minority	65	13	9	5	6	2	0	80	11	102
2018	Non-visible minority	82	8	3	1	1	0	4	95	2	528
2017	Visible minority	69	8	4	2	3	5	9	90	6	112
2017	Non-visible minority	80	9	4	3	1	0	4	92	4	589

Question 70s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	70	17	6	4	1	1	2	89	5	133
2020	Non-visible minority	76	15	5	1	1	0	1	92	2	611
2019	Visible minority	59	24	7	4	2	1	3	86	6	163
2019	Non-visible minority	59	26	9	3	2	0	0	86	5	673
2018	Visible minority	50	25	15	5	3	2	0	77	8	102
2018	Non-visible minority	63	23	8	3	1	0	2	87	4	527
2017	Visible minority	54	24	7	6	0	3	6	86	6	113
2017	Non-visible minority	67	21	8	2	1	0	2	90	3	588

Question 70t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	69	15	6	5	4	1	2	85	9	132
2020	Non-visible minority	73	14	7	3	2	0	0	88	5	616
2019	Visible minority	68	14	4	5	7	0	3	84	12	165
2019	Non-visible minority	64	19	9	4	3	0	1	84	7	670
2018	Visible minority	66	17	7	3	4	2	1	86	7	101
2018	Non-visible minority	66	17	9	4	2	0	2	85	6	528
2017	Visible minority	58	17	7	5	6	2	4	81	12	113
2017	Non-visible minority	70	14	7	5	2	0	2	86	7	589

Question 70u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	70	5	4	2	1	0	18	92	3	133
2020	Non-visible minority	68	9	2	1	0	0	20	95	2	617
2019	Visible minority	63	9	3	0	1	0	23	94	2	165
2019	Non-visible minority	59	11	4	2	0	0	23	93	3	666
2018	Visible minority	50	14	3	3	0	3	27	91	4	102
2018	Non-visible minority	55	11	4	2	1	0	27	91	4	520
2017	Visible minority	48	12	6	2	2	3	28	86	5	113
2017	Non-visible minority	60	10	4	1	0	0	25	93	2	590

Question 70v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	72	13	6	1	1	1	7	92	1	133
2020	Non-visible minority	75	15	6	1	1	0	2	92	2	619
2019	Visible minority	75	9	7	1	1	0	7	91	2	164
2019	Non-visible minority	71	18	6	2	0	0	3	91	2	670
2018	Visible minority	54	24	8	3	2	2	8	85	6	102
2018	Non-visible minority	67	21	6	1	1	0	4	91	2	524
2017	Visible minority	59	19	8	2	1	2	10	88	4	113
2017	Non-visible minority	73	14	6	1	0	0	5	92	2	586

Question 70w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of job security
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	65	15	6	4	9	0	2	81	13	132
2020	Non-visible minority	75	12	4	3	2	1	3	90	6	617
2019	Visible minority	65	12	7	4	8	0	4	80	13	163
2019	Non-visible minority	76	10	6	4	3	0	2	87	6	672
2018	Visible minority	66	12	9	3	5	2	3	82	8	102
2018	Non-visible minority	77	10	3	3	3	0	4	90	7	527
2017	Visible minority	63	7	9	6	4	4	7	79	11	113
2017	Non-visible minority	74	11	6	3	1	0	4	89	4	590

Question 70x. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Personal issues
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	54	29	12	5	0	0	2	83	5	133
2020	Non-visible minority	53	26	13	4	2	1	1	81	6	617
2019	Visible minority	60	22	8	3	2	1	4	86	5	165
2019	Non-visible minority	58	26	10	3	1	0	1	85	5	673
2018	Visible minority	48	29	11	3	3	2	5	83	6	102
2018	Non-visible minority	53	28	12	3	1	0	2	83	4	528
2017	Visible minority	59	22	6	3	1	3	5	89	4	110
2017	Non-visible minority	57	25	11	4	1	0	2	84	5	590

Question 71. To what extent is stress from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacting your ability to carry out day-to-day work responsibilities?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	34	27	27	7	5	0	1	61	12	133
2020	Non-visible minority	31	42	17	5	3	1	0	74	8	616

Question 72. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...
Survey year	Demographic	Very low (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)	Very High (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	16	30	32	17	5	0	1	46	22	133
2020	Non-visible minority	14	29	37	15	4	0	0	43	20	615
2019	Visible minority	23	34	31	9	2	1	1	57	11	165
2019	Non-visible minority	15	35	36	11	3	0	0	50	14	677
2018	Visible minority	12	36	33	8	10	1	0	48	19	101
2018	Non-visible minority	12	30	38	14	6	0	0	43	20	528
2017	Visible minority	12	32	37	12	6	0	1	45	18	113
2017	Non-visible minority	12	30	36	15	6	0	1	43	21	588

Question 73. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year	Demographic	Always/Almost always (%)	Often (%)	Sometimes (%)	Rarely (%)	Never/Almost never (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	14	17	36	24	8	0	32	32	132
2020	Non-visible minority	10	21	40	20	8	1	28	31	618
2019	Visible minority	4	16	45	26	9	0	35	20	164
2019	Non-visible minority	6	20	40	24	9	0	33	27	673
2018	Visible minority	13	19	42	19	7	0	26	32	100
2018	Non-visible minority	9	21	38	22	10	0	32	30	518
2017	Visible minority	4	20	46	21	9	0	30	24	113
2017	Non-visible minority	6	23	38	23	10	1	33	29	588

Question 74. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	39	34	17	4	3	3	75	7	131
2020	Non-visible minority	41	36	11	6	3	2	79	9	617
2019	Visible minority	39	35	13	7	2	2	76	10	165
2019	Non-visible minority	41	38	13	4	2	2	81	6	678
2018	Visible minority	26	45	19	7	3	1	72	10	102
2018	Non-visible minority	42	40	11	5	1	2	83	6	531
2017	Visible minority	31	45	12	7	4	1	78	11	113
2017	Non-visible minority	32	44	12	5	4	3	78	9	588

Question 75. I believe senior managers in my department or agency take adequate steps to support the mental health of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	40	33	12	8	3	4	1	76	11	133
2020	Non-visible minority	41	30	12	9	5	3	0	73	14	615

Question 76. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	38	27	9	11	9	5	1	68	22	132
2020	Non-visible minority	45	26	11	11	5	1	0	72	17	619

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	52	21	12	5	6	3	1	76	12	131
2020	Non-visible minority	55	24	11	4	2	3	1	82	6	613

Question 78. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	42	28	14	8	5	2	1	72	13	133
2020	Non-visible minority	41	31	13	9	5	1	0	72	14	618
2019	Visible minority	36	26	22	7	5	3	0	64	13	165
2019	Non-visible minority	32	38	15	9	4	2	0	72	13	679
2018	Visible minority	21	37	19	13	7	1	1	59	21	101
2018	Non-visible minority	33	37	14	10	5	1	0	71	15	531
2017	Visible minority	28	38	18	9	8	1	0	66	17	113
2017	Non-visible minority	24	39	16	14	5	2	1	64	19	588

Question 79a. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Clear and easy to understand.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	49	31	8	8	4	0	0	80	12	133
2020	Non-visible minority	40	39	9	7	2	1	1	81	10	617

Question 79b. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Provided in a timely manner.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	47	29	8	9	5	1	0	77	14	132
2020	Non-visible minority	39	35	11	9	4	2	1	75	13	612

Question 79c. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Relevant to the work that I do.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	38	36	11	4	5	1	4	78	10	131
2020	Non-visible minority	37	36	15	6	3	2	1	75	10	611

Question 79d. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Consistent with the information provided to me by my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	55	27	14	1	2	1	1	82	4	133
2020	Non-visible minority	49	31	9	4	2	3	2	83	7	616

Question 79e. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Available in both official languages.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	76	14	4	2	1	3	0	93	3	133
2020	Non-visible minority	69	18	6	1	1	5	1	92	2	615

Question 80. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, my department or agency has clearly communicated the mental health services and resources that are available to me.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	49	25	10	7	4	5	2	79	11	132
2020	Non-visible minority	47	33	9	5	2	3	0	83	7	617

Question 81. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	49	29	8	7	5	2	1	80	12	132
2020	Non-visible minority	56	26	7	6	4	0	0	83	10	615

Question 82. I am satisfied with the measures my department or agency is taking to protect my physical health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	54	26	7	7	4	2	0	82	11	132
2020	Non-visible minority	52	27	7	9	3	1	1	80	13	618

Question 84. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues. (for supervisors)
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	19	55	13	5	6	2	0	75	11	34
2020	Non-visible minority	29	43	11	12	4	2	1	73	16	163
2019	Visible minority	30	40	9	10	3	0	8	77	14	32
2019	Non-visible minority	36	43	10	8	2	1	1	80	10	169

Question 85. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you managed any employees who have been working remotely? (for supervisors)
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	85	15	34
2020	Non-visible minority	96	4	163

Question 86. My department or agency has provided me with adequate training and/or resources to manage a remote team during the COVID-19 pandemic. (for supervisors who manage employees who have been working remotely)
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	27	31	24	6	13	0	0	57	18	30
2020	Non-visible minority	20	32	17	17	12	1	1	53	30	157

Top of page

Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 87. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, did you have workplace accommodation measures in place before the COVID-19 pandemic which are no longer being met?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	9	91	131
2020	Non-visible minority	6	94	612

Question 88. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	10	90	133
2020	Non-visible minority	8	92	614
2019	Visible minority	13	87	164
2019	Non-visible minority	13	87	674
2017	Visible minority	15	85	112
2017	Non-visible minority	12	88	587
2014	Visible minority	10	90	72
2014	Non-visible minority	11	89	551

Question 89. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?
A disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society.

A barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	21	79	13
2020	Non-visible minority	36	64	49

Question 90. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	78	22	13
2020	Non-visible minority	90	10	49
2019	Visible minority	87	13	23
2019	Non-visible minority	91	9	88
2017	Visible minority	84	16	17
2017	Non-visible minority	88	12	74
2014	Non-visible minority	78	22	60

Question 91. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	49	32	19	0	0	0	0	81	0	10
2020	Non-visible minority	38	32	6	14	2	5	2	76	18	43
2019	Visible minority	78	15	0	6	0	0	0	94	6	18
2019	Non-visible minority	50	32	8	5	3	3	0	84	8	79
2017	Visible minority	50	45	6	0	0	0	0	94	0	14
2017	Non-visible minority	61	28	5	5	2	0	0	89	6	64
2014	Non-visible minority	74	20	0	6	0	0	0	94	6	46

Question 92. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	52	29	8	3	3	3	1	85	6	133
2020	Non-visible minority	52	28	8	3	1	3	5	87	5	616

Top of page

Compensation

Question 93. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Not sure (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	24	49	25	2	67	33	133
2020	Non-visible minority	26	55	18	2	68	32	619

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 94. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year	Demographic	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	59	41	33
2020	Non-visible minority	38	62	160

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 95. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	26	16	19	15	17	0	6	45	34	34
2020	Non-visible minority	17	24	13	20	20	3	4	44	42	159

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 96. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year	Demographic	Strongly agree (%)	Somewhat agree (%)	Neither agree nor disagree (%)	Somewhat disagree (%)	Strongly disagree (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	18	8	22	20	29	0	4	26	51	34
2020	Non-visible minority	9	17	18	23	30	1	2	27	55	160

Question 97. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your organization or the federal public service?
Survey year	Demographic	Not at all (%)	To a small extent (%)	To a moderate extent (%)	To a large extent (%)	To a very large extent (%)	Don't know (%)	Not applicable (%)	Most positive or least negative answers (%)	Least positive or most negative answers (%)	Total responses
2020	Visible minority	44	15	14	4	9	3	11	69	15	133
2020	Non-visible minority	45	20	12	7	5	1	10	73	14	618
2019	Visible minority	48	21	10	4	10	1	7	75	15	158
2019	Non-visible minority	42	20	15	9	8	1	6	66	17	667
2018	Visible minority	52	16	13	6	7	1	5	73	13	101
2018	Non-visible minority	43	20	15	9	7	0	5	67	16	527

Report a problem on this page

Date modified:: 2019-03-01

2020 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Privy Council Office by Question 120. Are you a member of a visible minority group?

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... lack of stability in my department or agency.

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Question 18h. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel free to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal.

Question 24. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.

Question 25. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.

Question 26. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.

Question 27. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.

Question 28. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you requested flexible work hours, either formally or informally?

Question 29. During the COVID-19 pandemic, my immediate supervisor supported the use of flexible work hours.

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.

Question 31. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.

Question 32. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.

Question 33. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.

Question 34. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.

Question 35. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.

Question 36. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.

Question 37. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.

Question 38. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Question 39. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.

Question 40. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.

Question 42. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues

Question 44. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.

Question 45. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).

Question 46. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workplace.

Question 47. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Question 48. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about issues related to racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsman, human resources advisor).

Question 49. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.

Question 50. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.

Question 51. I am satisfied with my department or agency.

Question 52. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.

Question 53. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?

Question 54. Please indicate your reason for leaving.

Question 55. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Question 56a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Co-workers

Question 56b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals with authority over me

Question 56d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)

Question 56f. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Members of the public (individuals or organizations)

Question 56g. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Other

Question 57a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Aggressive behaviour

Question 57b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Excessive control

Question 57c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Being excluded or being ignored

Question 57d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Humiliation

Question 57e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Interference with work or withholding resources

Question 57f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Offensive remark

Question 57g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Personal attack

Question 57h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Physical violence

Question 57k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Unfair treatment